Abstract: Process for the manufacture of lubricating base oils wherein a hydrocarbon feedstock is catalytically treated in the presence of hydrogen at elevated temperature and pressure and wherein at least part of a heavy fraction of the material obtained is subjected to dewaxing, in which process a hydrocarbon feedstock is used containing flashed distillate produced via a residue conversion process.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for removing sulfur from a naphtha feedstream comprising contacting a naphtha feed with a platinum on alumina sulfur conversion catalyst under mild reforming conditions so that thiophenic and other organic sulfur compounds are converted to hydrogen sulfide without any significant cracking of the naphtha feed. Thereafter, the naphtha feed stream is contacted with a sulfur sorbent that has a metal component selected from Group I-A or Group II-A of the Periodic Table supported on a refractory inorganic oxide support, to remove hydrogen sulfide from the naphtha feed.

Abstract: A hydrotreating process uses a separation section that reduces the loss of C.sub.4 and higher hydrocarbons through the use of a low hydrogen to hydrocarbon ratio in the reactor and the adsorptive removal of a majority of hydrogen sulfide from a liquid phase hydrotreater effluent. Sulfurous hydrocarbon feed is admixed with hydrogen to maintain a hydrogen to hydrocarbon ratio of less than 50 SCFB. The hydrogen and hydrocarbons are passed through a hydrotreater reactor to convert sulfur compounds to H.sub.2 S. The hydrotreater effluent is cooled and after flashing of any excess hydrogen or light ends the cooled effluent is contacted with an adsorbent material for the removal of H.sub.2 S. A hydrotreated hydrocarbon product is withdrawn from the adsorption section. The low hydrogen to hydrocarbon ratio permits the process to be used without the recycle of hydrogen thereby eliminating the need for separators and compressors that were formly used to recycle hydrogen to the hydrotreater.

Abstract: The invention is directed to steam-cracking in a fluid bed reaction zone, of a charge of hydrocarbons having at least two carbon atoms per molecule.In this process the charge (3) circulates with steam (2) and inert solid particles, heated at a temperature T.sub.1 from 500.degree. to 1,800.degree. C., through at least one enclosure (7). A gas effluent is separated from the particles in the enclosure and fed to a quenching zone (8) opening into said enclosure. Said effluent is circulated with cooling second solid particles which are at a temperature T.sub.2 lower than T.sub.1 and at most equal to 800.degree. C. A steam-cracking effluent is then recovered through line (15).This process can be used in petrochemistry, particularly for producing ethylene and propylene.

Abstract: Processes are disclosed for the separation of light hydrocarbons from a feedstream containing hydrogen, light hydrocarbons and heavy hydrocarbons. The processes employ thermal swing adsorption zone to adsorb heavy hydrocarbons and a pressure swing adsorption zone to remove the remaining light hydrocarbons. At least a portion of the product from the pressure swing adsorption zone is used to purge the thermal swing adsorption zone. Specific applications of the process of the present invention are disclosed with relation to hydrodealkylation processes and dehydrocyclodimerization processes.

Abstract: A catalytic hydrocracking process which minimizes the fouling of the process unit with 11.sup.+ ring heavy polynuclear aromatic compounds by means of hydrogenating and converting at least a portion of the recycle hydrocarbon liquid containing trace quantities of 11.sup.+ ring heavy polynuclear aromatic compounds in a 11.sup.+ ring heavy polynuclear aromatic compound conversion zone containing a zeolite hydrogenation catalyst having pore openings in the range from about 8 to about 15 Angstroms, a hydrogenation component and an intercalated clay component at hydrogenation conditions to selectively reduce the concentration of 11.sup.+ ring heavy polynuclear aromatic compounds.

Abstract: A hydrotreating process uses a separation section that reduces the loss of C.sub.5 and higher hydrocarbons through the use of a low hydrogen to hydrocarbon ratio in the reactor and the adsorptive removal of a majority of hydrogen sulfide from a liquid phase hydrotreater effluent. Sulfurous hydrocarbon feed is admixed with hydrogen to maintain a hydrogen to hydrocarbon ratio of less than 50 SCFB. The hydrogen and hydrocarbons are passed through a hydrotreater reactor to convert sulfur compounds to H.sub.2 S. The hydrotreater effluent is cooled and after flashing of any excess hydrogen or light ends the cooled effluent is contacted with an adsorbent material for the removal of H.sub.2 S. A hydrotreated hydrocarbon product is withdrawn from the adsorption section. The low hydrogen to hydrocarbon ratio permits the process to be used without the recycle of hydrogen thereby eliminating the need for separators and compressors that were formerly used to recycle hydrogen to the hydrotreater.

Abstract: A catalytic hydrocracking process which comprises: (a) contacting a hydrocarbonaceous feedstock having a propensity to form 11.sup.+ ring heavy polynuclear aromatic compounds and a liquid recycle stream in a hydrocracking zone with added hydrogen and a metal promoted hydrocracking catalyst at elevated temperature and pressure sufficient to convert a substantial portion of the feedstock to lower boiling hydrocarbon products; (b) partially condensing the hydrocarbon effluent from the hydrocracking zone to produce a gaseous hydrocarbon stream comprising hydrogen, and an unconverted hydrocarbon stream having components boiling above about 400.degree. F. (204.degree. C.) and comprising trace quantities of 11.sup.

Abstract: Dewaxed oils can have their low temperature performance improved by the removal of residual wax by adsorption of said residual wax onto a hydrophobic molecular sieve. The wax-laden hydrophobic molecular sieve is regenerated by use of dewaxing solvents, such as ketones.The dewaxed oils, which have residual wax removed by the present invention, are oils which have been dewaxed by means of solvent dewaxing procedures or by catalytic dewaxing processes. These oils, produced by the combination of conventional-adsorptive trim dewaxing, exhibit superior formulated oils low temperature performance as compared to formulated oils made from oils dewaxed to the same pour point solely by conventional dewaxing by either solvent or catalytic processes practiced under severe conditions (deep dewaxing).

Abstract: A catalytic hydrocracking process which comprises: (a) contacting a hydrocarbonaceous feedstock having a propensity to form 11.sup.+ ring heavy polynuclear aromatic compounds and a liquid recycle stream in a hydrocracking zone with added hydrogen and a metal promoted hydrocracking catalyst at elevated temperature and pressure sufficient to gain a substantial conversion to lower boiling products; (b) partially condensing the hydrocarbon effluent from the hydrocracking zone and separating the same into a lower boiling hydrocarbon product stream and an unconverted hydrocarbon stream boiling above about 400.degree. F. (204.degree. C.) and comprising trace quantities of 11.sup.+ ring heavy polynuclear aromatic compounds; (c) introducing at least a portion of the unconverted hydrocarbon stream boiling above about 400.degree. F. (204.degree. C.) and comprising trace quantities of 11.sup.+ ring heavy polynuclear aromatic compounds into a 11.sup.

Abstract: A process for removing catalyst fines from slurry oil is disclosed. A settling reagent, such as coal, alumina, or coke, is added to a fines containing heavy oil bottoms product from a fractionator downstream of a catalytic cracking unit. The settling reagent promotes rapid settling and removal of fines from heavy oil product. Settling may be performed in a slurry settler, or a centrifuge. A catalytic cracking process for heavy, metals laden oil is also disclosed using a settling reagent to clarify slurry oil, then recycling settled settling reagent to contact the heavy oil in the catalytic cracking process.

Abstract: Lubricants of improved characteristics are produced by carrying out a solvent extraction to remove aromatic components after solvent or catalytic dewaxing. Aromatic extraction solvents such as phenol, furfural or N-methyl pyrrolidone may be used. The process is particularly useful with wax-derived lubricants produced by the hydroisomerization of a petroleum wax which has then been dewaxed.

Abstract: I disclose a single stage, multilayered catalyst system capable of hydrodehazing and hydrofinishing a solvent dewaxed lube oil base stock. In the first layer, I catalytically dewax the solvent dewaxed stock. In the second layer, I hydrofinish the catalytically dewaxed stock. My invention also relates to a process for hydrodewaxing and hydrofinishing a solvent dewaxed lube oil base stock.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for upgrading lube oil base stocks comprising the steps of hydrocracking such materials, preferably under relatively moderate conditions, and subsequently separating the hydrocracked materials to produce in an aromatic rich extract stream and an aromatics lean raffinate stream. The separation step is preferably achieved by solvent extraction of at least a portion of the hydrocracked material. The stream comprising the aromatic rich extract is then catalytically cracked under fluidized conditions to produce gasoline and other distillates. The aromatics lean raffinate stream is further processed by dewaxing and/or the like to produce relatively high volume metric yields of low viscosity lube oil having improved viscosity-temperature characteristics.

Abstract: We disclose a single stage, multilayered catalyst system capable of hydrodewaxing and hydrofinishing a solvent-dewaxed lube oil base stock. In the first layer we catalytically dewax the solvent-dewaxed stock. In the second layer we hydrofinish the catalytically dewaxed stock. Our invention also relates to a process for hydrodewaxing and hydrofinishing a solvent-dewaxed lube oil base stock.

Abstract: A process for producing a lubricant base oil with low pour point and high aromaticity from a feedstock oil which is either a distillate fraction boiling at 250.degree. C. or above that is obtained from a paraffin base or mixed base crude or a deasphalted oil obtained from a vacuum distillation residual oil of said crude, and process comprising:(a) the step of bringing said feedstock oil into contact with a hydrofining catalyst in the presence of hydrogen and recovering a hydrofined oil;(b) the step of dewaxing said hydrofined oil and recovering the dewaxed oil;(c) the step of subjecting said dewaxed oil to extraction with a solvent having selective affinity for aromatic hydrocarbons so as to separate the feed into the raffinate portion and the extract portion, and removing the solvent from said extract portion to obtain an extract oil; and(d) the step of treating said extract oil by means of contact with a solid adsorbent or sulfuric acid.

Abstract: A process for removing residual sulfur from a hydrotreated naphtha feedstock is disclosed. The feedstock is contacted with molecular hydrogen under reforming conditions in the presence of a less sulfur sensitive reforming catalyst, thereby converting trace sulfur compounds to H.sub.2 S, and forming a first effluent. The first effluent is contacted with a solid sulfur sorbent, removing the H.sub.2 S and forming a second effluent. The second effluent is contacted with a highly selective reforming catalyst under severe reforming conditions.

Abstract: A process for hydrotreating a hydrocarbonaceous charge stock having hydrogenatable hydrocarbonaceous compounds which process comprises the steps of: (a) contacting said hydrocarbonaceous charge stock in the presence of hydrogen with a hydrogenation catalyst in a hydrotreating reaction zone; (b) contacting said hydrotreating reaction zone effluent with an aqueous scrubbing solution; (c) introducing a resulting admixture of said reaction zone effluent and said aqueous scrubbing solution into a separation zone to provide a hydrotreated hydrocarbonaceous stream having trace quantities of hydrogenatable hydrocarbonaceous compounds and a spent aqueous stream; and (d) contacting said hydrotreated hydrocarbonaceous stream with an adsorbent to remove at least a portion of said trace quantities of hydrogenatable hydrocarbonaceous compounds from said hydrotreated hydrocarbonaceous stream.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for hydrotreating olefin-containing hydrocarbon streams for the purpose of producing very low olefin concentrations without the use of high pressure hydrotreating. The process is useful in preparing feeds to adsorptive separation zones. In the process the effluent of a hydrotreating reaction zone is passed into a stripping column. Preferably, substantially all liquid flowing downward through the lower section of the column is withdrawn and then passed through a hydrogenation reactor. The hydrogenation reactor effluent is passed into the bottom of the column to allow removal of dissolved hydrogen.

Abstract: An improved sulfur trap for the sulfur level reduction of a reformer feed leaving a hydrofiner to render it suitable for use in a reforming unit employing a sulfur-sensitive reforming catalyst. The nickel catalyst contained in said sulfur trap is one wherein the average crystallite size of the nickel is at least about 75.ANG., and at greater than 50 percent of the nickel is in reduced state, based on the total weight of the supported component.

Abstract: A three stage catalytic cracking process capable of converting high molecular weight hydrocarbons containing catalyst poisons into products of lower molecular weight by cascading catalyst from a fluid catalytic cracking unit to a reduced crude conversion unit to a metals removal unit is disclosed. Efficiencies in conversion operations are made possible.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for hydrocracking a hydrocarbon feedstock having a propensity to form polynuclear aromatic compounds without excessively fouling the processing unit. The hydrocracking method includes contacting the hydrocarbon feedstock with a crystalline zeolite hydrocracking catalyst, contacting at least a portion of the resulting unconverted hydrocarbon oil containing polynuclear aromatic compounds with an adsorbent which selectively retains polynuclear aromatic compounds and recycling unconverted hydrocarbon oil having a reduced concentration of polynuclear aromatic compounds to the hydrocracking zone.

Abstract: In a hydrogenation operation employing an ebullated catalytic bed, recycle is recovered from the hydrogenated product with at least 25%, by volume, of the recycle boiling above 950.degree. F. The recycle is cooled to a temperature of from 350.degree. to 600.degree. F. to separate coke precursors, prior to recycle to the hydrogenation. Higher conversion levels can be achieved by effecting recycle in such manner.

Abstract: A process for upgrading crude shale oil containing nitrogen which comprises contacting crude shale oil in a hydrogenation zone with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst to remove a selected portion of the nitrogen and then contacting the resulting product with an ion exchange resin to obtain a shale oil of substantially lower nitrogen content.

Abstract: Normal paraffinic hydrocarbons, having from three to about twenty carbon atoms per molecule, are dehydrogenated to produce corresponding linear mono-olefins.These are separated from unreacted paraffins, preferably via an adsorption-separation technique. Raffinate, containing the unreacted normal paraffins, is subjected to mild hydrotreating, as is the hydrogen-rich vaporous phase recovered from the dehydrogenation zone product effluent,to saturate the olefins therein. Hydrotreated effluent is introduced, generally in admixture with fresh feed paraffins, into the dehydrogenation reaction zone.This technique avoids by-product dehydrogenation reactions otherwise resulting in non-linear mono-olefins, di-olefinic hydrocarbons and aromatics.

Abstract: A process for making refrigeration oils without acid treating and clay contacting steps which comprises subjecting a naphthenic oil to a first hydrogenation step at a temperature of from about 550.degree. to about 660.degree. F, a hydrogen pressure of from about 500 to about 1500 psig., and in the presence of a nickel-molybdenum or cobalt-molybdenum catalyst, subjecting the hydrogenated oil to a second hydrogenation treatment under the same conditions, catalytically dewaxing the twice hydrogenated oil and percolating the dewaxed oil through bauxite.

Abstract: Transformer oils having pour points below -40.degree. F. (-40.00.degree. C.) are produced by the process of reducing the nitrogen concentration of a petroleum hydrocarbon feed stock, contacting the denitrogenated product with a catalyst comprising a Group IV-B metal and a Group VIII noble metal on a decationized crystalline mordenite support under pour point reduction conditions of temperature, pressure and space velocity, and thereafter passing the product of the pour point reduction step to a lubricating oil oxidation stability step.

Abstract: .[.In a hydrogenation operation employing an ebullated catalytic bed, recycle is recovered from the hydrogenated product with at least 25%, by volume, of the recycle boiling above 950.degree. F. The recycle is cooled to a temperature of from 350.degree. to 600.degree. F. to separate coke precursors, prior to recycle to the hydrogenation. Higher conversion levels can be achieved by effecting recycle in such manner..]..Iadd.Disclosed is a hydrogenation process using at least one fluidized catalytic stage and a recycle material of heavy hydrogenated effluent. The heavy effluent material is cooled to a temperature within 350.degree.-600.degree. F. to separate toluene and heptane insoluble coke precursors prior to recycle. This separation may be enhanced by the use of centrifugation, filtration or a bed of particulate material (e.g. calcined coke). .Iaddend.