Abstract: A process for separating Anthracite and low quality carbon from refuse. Crushed refuse is admixed with water from a water storage source. The admixture is transferred to a first cyclone separator to divide the admixture into a refuse rich slurry stream and a carbonaceous rich slurry stream. The refuse rich slurry stream is dewatered through a vibrating screen and the water collected sent to the raw feed sump source. The carbonaceous rich slurry is directed to a second cyclone separator to separate low quality carbon from high quality carbon, the high quality carbon is transferred to a third cyclone separator used to separate the media water therefrom. The separated media water is returned via a siphon leg to the raw feed sump, and the dewatered high quality Anthracite is available for markets requiring higher quality carbon.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for receiving manure from a vacuum truck, as that manure is collected from alleys of a dairy barn, includes receiving the manure in a mixing basin. The received manure is diluted in the mixing basin with a jet of water discharging a sufficient volume of water to form a sand-laden manure flow having a velocity of over 3 feet per second and dilute the received manure into a sand-laden manure suspension of less than seven percent manure solids. The resulting sand laden manure suspension is conducted into a vestibule of a sand settling lane to slow the flow of the sand laden manure suspension to enter a sand settling lane at a velocity of less than 1.25 feet per second. Sand is collected in the sand settling lane.

Abstract: An apparatus for washing and grading sand and aggregate includes an aggregate grading and washing screen with a plurality of vertically stacked decks for producing a plurality of aggregate products therefrom, and at least one sump for collecting undersize material comprising sand and water from the plurality of decks. A plurality of sand washing and grading units each include a first hydrocyclone, a vibratory screen having a deck, and a sump beneath the deck for receiving undersize material and water passing through the deck. The deck of the vibratory screen receives an underflow from the first hydrocyclone. A further hydrocyclone receives undersize material and water from the vibratory screen's sump. Underflow from the further hydrocyclone is delivered onto the deck of the vibratory screen. The first hydrocyclone of each sand washing and grading unit receives undersize material and water from the sump of the aggregate washing and grading screen.

Abstract: A method for sorting and comprehensively utilizing municipal solid waste includes steps of: 1) feeding the municipal solid waste into a feeding tank through a feeding inlet, then outputting into a breaking device; 2) breaking refuse bags and large blocks by the breaking device; 3) transporting broken refuse into a two-stage roller screen for screening out dusts with a particle size of less than 3 mm, and hanging strips; and 4) transporting mixed refuse screened by the two-stage screen into a vibrating screen; screening oversize products by a heavy winnowing machine for separating inorganic blocks, large plastics and paper; transporting underflow products into a two-room multi-functional winnowing machine for dividing into heavy materials, light materials and medium materials. By effectively combining sorting devices, effective sorting and reutilization of mixed refuse are achieved.

Abstract: A chip discharging device of a machine tool is equipped with a chip discharging member for discharging chips generated by machine processing to a workpiece to an outside of the machine tool, and a chip shooter for introducing the chips to the chip discharging member. The chip shooter connects an introducing opening for introducing the generated chips and a discharging opening for discharging the chips toward the chip discharging member by a guide wall surface. The guide wall surface includes a vertical wall surface and a plurality of inclined wall surfaces inclined with respect to the vertical wall surface. At least a boundary parts between the inclined wall surfaces and a boundary part between the inclined wall surface and the vertical wall surface are formed by a flat surface or a curved surface.

Abstract: A method of producing a metal alloy utilizing aluminum smelter waste while simultaneously remediating the waste by converting the metallic and nonmetallic components to a non-hazardous slag. The method includes providing aluminum smelter, obtaining finely divided aluminum and/or spent pot liner from the aluminum smelter, and producing an alloy by oxidizing the finely divided aluminum and/or spent pot liner in the presence of nickelferous iron ore and heat. The non-hazardous slag is also produced during the process as a result of utilization of the nickelferous iron ore.

Abstract: A method for recovering chromite from ore slurry obtained by processing nickel oxide ore, the raw material, in a plant for the wet smelting of nickel oxide ore. In the method chromite is separated and recovered from an ore slurry obtained from a nickel oxide ore when nickel and cobalt are recovered from the nickel oxide ore. The method has a grain diameter separation step for separating the ore slurry on the basis of a predetermined classification point according to the difference in the grain diameter of particles contained in the supplied ore slurry and a sedimentation separation step for causing the oversized ore slurry separated in the grain diameter separation step to undergo sedimentation and concentration on the basis of a target classification point, and recovering the chromite. The coarse particle content of the oversized ore slurry separated in the grain diameter separation step is adjusted to 30-50%.

Abstract: A method for separating particles of different specific gravity from a sized ore feed, wherein the ore can be coal, metallic, non-metallic and mineral ores. The method particles from the ore are sieved to obtain size fractions of different particle size ranges, after which a load of particles of a size fraction are placed in a container and fluidized by passing a fluid flow through the load of particles. By lowering the flow velocity of the fluid through the load the particles are deposited in the container in one or more layers depending on the specific gravity of each of the particles, after which the deposited particles are separated in portions of different specific gravity. The portions represent different ore content of the particles in each portion on basis of which the theoretical yield of the ore can be determined. The invention provides an apparatus to carry out the method.

Abstract: A device, method, and system for analyzing aggregate are described. An exemplary device may include a housing with one or more grading screens. Aggregate and liquid may be received by a port within the housing. The liquid and any suspended fines, after passing through the one or more grading screens and aggregate, may be received into an observation container for observing the clarity of the liquid.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for refining iron from high-phosphorus content iron ores. The process involves mixing a high-phosphorus iron oxide ore and an alkaline solution of pH between about 12.5 and 13.5, screening the mixture by gravity to separate an alkaline-high-phosphorus solution from a low-phosphorus iron ore; and treating the low-phosphorus iron ore with lime and a natural gas.

Abstract: A cement manufacturing apparatus capable of increasing quantity of fly ash used in the apparatus while controlling unburned carbon content in cement within a permissible range. The cement manufacturing apparatus comprises a removal means for removing unburned carbon from gypsum, and a grinding means for grinding gypsum from which unburned carbon is removed by the removal means together with clinker to generate cement. With the apparatus, total unburned carbon content in cement can be reduced, and the quantity of fly ash used in the apparatus can be, increased by the reduced amount of unburned carbon. The removal means can remove unburned carbon contained in gypsum as well as unburned carbon contained in fly ash, and the grinding means may grind the fly ash from which unburned carbon is removed together with the gypsum, from which unburned carbon is removed, and clinker.

Abstract: Systems and methods for recovering materials from soil are disclosed. In one embodiment, a system for recovering materials from soil comprises a size separation system, a first magnetic separator, a second magnetic separator, an air classifier/scrubber system, and a non-ferrous metal separator. The system for recovering materials from soil can be configured to separate soil from other recoverable materials, including, for example, rock and gravel aggregates, and/or metals.

Abstract: A solids separation system and methods for use; the system having a barrel rotatably mounted in a substantially horizontal arrangement, a carriage on which the barrel is mounted and inclined so as to elevate the coal exit end of the barrel in relation to the rock exit end, a motor to rotate the barrel, a blower, a blower motor, a blade affixed to and helically wound along the interior surface of said barrel, and barriers between the turns of the blades to force the contents up into a stream of air supplied by a blower.

Abstract: A method of harvesting carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is provided. According to this method, CNT bundles, comprising CNTs associated with metallic catalysts and having amorphous carbon coatings are agitated in an aqueous liquid containing a dispersant with free-flowing grit particles to disassociate the CNTs from the metallic catalysts, remove the amorphous carbon of the amorphous carbon coatings and shorten the CNTs via shearing.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system to mechanically destroy printer toner cartridges and reclaim their constituent materials under a water shielded environment while providing a safer and more environmentally friendly recycling system. The present invention is an economical system that provides greater protection from possible fire or explosion and releases less irritating or possibly harmful airborne contamination than the currently available systems.

Abstract: A separation apparatus (A) separates particulates such as sand from a slurry of water/sand/manure. Particularly, passage (20) receives the slurry and injectors (40) assist the slurry over ramp (42) and aid in separating the sand and organic material from the slurry. The sand proceeds through a discharge (44) and preferably a counter flow of sanitizer from sterilizing passage (60) proceeds through the sand. Cleaned and sanitized sand is temporarily stored in a collector (62).

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and apparatus for the extraction of high molecular weight biopolymers from plants. Specifically, invention described herein relates to the commercial processing of plant material, including that from desert plants native to the southwestern United States and Mexico, such as the guayule plant (Parthenium argentatum), for the extraction of biopolymers, including natural rubbers. More specifically, the invention relates to laboratory to commercial scale extraction of high molecular weight biopolymers from plant materials including the chemical and mechanical processing of the plants and purification of the extracted biopolymer.

Abstract: A classifying device for classifying particles using a centrifugal force contains a microchannel includes a curved portion including a first tubular channel and a second tubular channel; and a diaphragm that is provided within the curved portion, and that is located at a position between the first tubular channel and the second tubular channel; and wherein the diaphragm has at least a first apertured group formed in a central region of the diaphragm and a second apertured group formed in a first end region and a second end region of the diaphragm, the first apertured group and the second apertured group communicate the first tubular channel with the second tubular channel along a direction of the centrifugal force, the first apertured group has a mesh, and the second apertured group has a mesh that is different in size from the mesh of the first apertured group.

Abstract: The aim of the invention is to provide a sieve jigger comprising a sieved-product rocker that can be pivoted upwards and downwards, whose lifting displacement and/or lifting frequency can be controlled beyond previously accepted limits and which does not require vibration dampers that are subject to wear. To achieve this, the sieved-product rocker is operated by means of a lifting and braking cylinder comprising an integrated measuring device for the displacement of the cylinder piston and a working chamber, to which a hydraulic-oil supply and evacuation conduit is connected, said conduit containing an integrated proportional control valve. The lifting and braking cylinder interacts with the proportional control valve by means of a displacement sensor and a governor in order to control the displacement upwards and downwards and thus the lifting height and/or the lifting frequency of the rocker.

Abstract: A cyclone used in a separator apparatus includes a body and a vortex finder. The body includes an inlet passageway, a cylindrical passageway connected to the inlet passageway, and a conical passageway connected to the cylindrical passageway. The cylindrical passageway has an upper end through which first particles in a fluid are exhausted, and a lower end. The conical passageway has an upper end connected to the lower end of the cylindrical passageway, and an opened lower end through which second particles having a specific gravity greater than that of the first particle are exhausted. The vortex finder is connected to the upper end of the cylindrical passageway. A first exhaust passageway is vertically formed in the vortex finder so that the first particles spirally ascend through the first exhaust passageway from the cylindrical passageway.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and device for the wet-mechanical treatment of a substance mixture, particularly of refuse of all types, comprised of inert substances, water and of organic substances having a water-soluble and bioconvertible portion, whereby water is used as a solvent, washing agent and separating agent.

Abstract: An aggregate material separating device includes a frame with a shaker mechanism. A trough is disposed on the frame and coupled to the shaker mechanism by a shaker spring. A hopper is disposed at an end of the trough and can receive a load of aggregate material. A hopper wash line is disposed adjacent the loading hopper to irrigate the aggregate material in the hopper forming a slurry. A brush and a backwash spigot form a standing wave in the trough to slow slurry movement from through the trough in order to provide additional settling time for the slurry. A mineral separation bed is disposed along a bottom and side of the trough. The mineral separation bed has a plurality of substantially longitudinal riffles that can be sized, shaped and oriented to capture minerals of a predetermined specific gravity from the slurry as the shaker shakes the trough.

Abstract: A method of separating a mixture of particles in a liquid that within chosen limits have different physical property values, wherein the particles to be separated are supplied via a feeder to a screen upon which a layer of facilitating particles is disposed the size of the facilitating parties being too large to fit through the openings in the screen, wherein particles to be separated are passed through the layer of facilitating particles and through the openings in the screen and collected under the screen, the density of the particles being greater than that of the liquid, and wherein a repetitive vertical movement is provided between the particles and the liquid, respectively.

Abstract: A tank assembly for classifying and blending sand products. The tank assembly includes a receptacle adapted to retain slurry at or below an upper level. The receptacle includes a feed end having a receptacle inlet, a discharge end having a receptacle overflow outlet, and a pair of side walls extending between the feed end and the discharge end. The discharge end of the receptacle is generally opposed to the feed end. The tank assembly also includes a plurality of upper cross tubes mounted to and extending between the pair of side walls of the receptacle. Each of the plurality of upper cross tubes is disposed above the upper level of the receptacle. The tank assembly further includes a plurality of settling stations mounted in the receptacle. Each of the settling stations includes an adjustable height sensing paddle adapted to control the amount of slurry that accumulates at the station, a discharge valve, and a slurry discharge pipe.

Abstract: A cereal grain sorting system includes a wind force sorting device, a rough sorting device and a roll sorting device. The wind force sorting device is operative for selectively sorting light weight foreign materials from feedstock cereal grains. The rough sorting device is operative for selectively removing foreign materials having different diameters from the standard one from the feedstock cereal grains. The roll sorting device is operative for selectively removing foreign materials having different forms from the standard ones from the feedstock cereal grains having been subjected to the wind force sorting step as well as to the rough sorting step.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for removing lightweight particulates during processing of a primary material. The apparatus includes a classification tank having an inlet, an outlet and a plurality of settling stations located therebetween. A slurry of fluid and particles is introduced into the inlet and directed towards the outlet. As the slurry traverses along the classification tank, particles come out of suspension at the settling stations according to weight and to a lesser degree, density. The composition as well as the quantity of particles at the settling stations is periodically inspected. If particles deposited at a particular settling station are more or less the same size, and if they have accumulated in sufficient quantity, they are discharged to a flume which directs them to preselected collection areas.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for removing lightweight particulates during processing of a primary material. The apparatus includes a classification tank having an inlet, an outlet and a plurality of settling stations located therebetween. A slurry of fluid and particles is introduced into the inlet and directed towards the outlet. As the slurry traverses along the classification tank, particles come out of suspension at the settling stations according to weight and to a lesser degree, density. The composition as well as the quantity of particles at the settling stations is periodically inspected. If particles deposited at a particular settling station are more or less the same size, and if they have accumulated in sufficient quantity, they are discharged to a flume which directs them to preselected collection areas.

Abstract: The present invention, therefore, provides stage crushing method for recovering precious metals from slag produced by a coal burning furnace or boiler comprising: a plurality of crushing steps, wherein each crushing step produces slag particles having successively smaller particle diameter sizes, said crushing steps continued until a final desired particle diameter sized is obtained; wherein each of said crushing steps is followed by suspending said crushed slag particles in a liquid medium to form a slurry of light-weight particles and heavy weight-particles and allowing the crushed slag particles within the slurry to separate, based on weight of the particles, thereby forming a light-weight particle population and a heavy-weight particle population; wherein each suspending step is followed by removing said light-weight particles from said slurry, such that said slurry consists of substantially heavy-weight particles; and collecting said heavy-weight particles.

Abstract: A method for recovering coal from a mixture containing fine particles of coal, the mixture including fine coal particles, water, and impurities, the method including feeding the mixture to a first liquid/solid separator that removes relatively large pieces of material from the mixture producing a first stream containing recoverable fine coal particles, and pumping the first stream from the first liquid/solid separator to at least one second liquid/solid separator, the at least one second liquid/solid separator separating recoverable fine coal particles from the first stream producing a product flow containing fine coal particles and a discharge stream containing, e.g., water and impurities. In one aspect, the coal in the product flow is then dried and/or pelletized. In one aspect fine coal particles in the product flow have a largest dimension of less than 100 microns. In one aspect, fine coal particles in the product flow have a largest dimension of at least about 40 microns.

Abstract: Process and device for separation of wanted materials from product mixes which contain floating/absorbent material and metals having a ferromagnetic content, particularly from ink cartridges by means of the following steps: coarsely comminuting the product mix, separating the floating/absorbent material from the coarse fraction by means of float/sink separation, and separating metals having a ferromagnetic content from the sinking fraction by means of magnetic separation.

Abstract: A method for improving the pozzolanic character of fly ash includes the steps of first hydraulically classifying and then flotation separating the fly ash in order to reduce particle size distribution and remove carbon. The method also includes the steps of spiral concentrating separated coarse particles to recover iron, pyrite and marcasite and screening the fly ash to remove ultra-light carbon and plant debris.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the separation of manure (104) and sand (102) in a sand and manure mixture (100) is described. The apparatus (10) of the first embodiment includes a tank (12) with an upper grate (22), a lower grate (20), an air supply tube (30) and a water supply tube (36). The apparatus (210) of the second embodiment includes a tank (212) having a screened grate (220), an air supply tube (230) and a water supply tube (236). The apparatus (310) of the third embodiment includes a tank (312) having an upper portion (312C) and a conical lower portion (312D) with a grate (320) between the two portions. In operation, all three embodiments essentially operate similarly. The chamber (12F, 212F and 312F) of the tank is filled with water. The mixture is then dumped into the chamber to form the aqueous suspension (106) with the water.

Abstract: A material classification device for separation of solid materials, having a relatively high specific gravity, from a stream of fluid and solid material. The device is particularly suited for the extraction of gold from alluvial material. The device generally comprises an open conduit that has a first opening and a second opening therethrough. A container is attached to the bottom of the conduit so that the openings are in fluid flow communication with the container. A portion of the flow of fluid and materials passes through the first opening and is captured in the container. A tube passes into the container with an aperture therein so that a fluid may be passed into the container to agitate the material collected therein freeing the lighter material so that it can exit the container out the second opening.

Abstract: The present invention provides an improved design for the hindered settling bed within a mineral jig. The hindered settling bed contains relatively low density materials that can be used in conjunction with high density materials to aid in the separation of particulate materials within the mineral jig. The presence of the relatively low density barrier materials in the settling bed allow for the separation to occur with less channelling of the separated material through the bed area.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for separating high density materials from less dense materials suspended in a fluid within a conduit. A pump generates carrier fluid motion which is fed through the conduit. Solids from a placer deposit are mixed with the carrier fluid and induced through a suction hose, then into two positively sloped separating chambers that are arranged in tandem in the conduit. The first separating chamber is cylindrical in shape, and motion of the fluid through the chamber is linear. The second separating chamber's cross section shape is rectangular, with a parabolic flow path. The second stage separator floor is variably banked, with the angle of bank and curvature increasing toward the discharge end. Solids, that are mixed with the carrier fluid, are forced along the flow path by dynamic drag of the fluid. Less dense solids travel up the positive slope at a greater velocity than more dense solids. The larger and slower moving dense solids are trapped in two sumps in the first chamber.

Abstract: A method for the separation and recovery of foils, in particular aluminum foils, and the other components in waste foil-containing laminates includes subjecting the waste laminates to agitation in a heated polyalkylene glycol polymer solution. The thus heated mixture is cooled to permit density variations to separate the plastic and paper components of the waste laminate from the foil components therein. The separated foil components can be recovered from the polyalkylene glycol polymer solution for recycle or other use. Using a polyalkylene glycol polymer solution permits recovery of the glycol polymer in a heated recovery tank to recycle the polymer to facilitate further foil separation while minimizing adverse effects on the environment.

Abstract: An apparatus and process for separating waste material requiring use of ground water for processing in a wet mill a drum separator in combination with purification and recycling, routing recycled water to a biomonitoring fish pond and use of a system wash water for washing for processing in a wet mill sanitizing of refuse collection vehicles. The groundwater is obtained from an aquifer underlying and containing leachate from a landfill, thereby solving environment problems.

Abstract: Apparatus is provided to separate heavier metal particles from lighter particles gangue in a fluidic medium by gravity and fluid flow. A vertical container provides a lower fluid input chamber that communicates through a medial structure providing a plate defining a plurality of valve ports, a screen, and a plate defining a plurality of holes to an upper chamber carrying particulate material to be beneficiated. Pressurized water flows upwardly through the medial structure to separate more dense metal bearing particles in the medial structure and gangue exits from a central orifice defined in the medial portion of the separating structure. The apparatus uses small amounts of water which may be recycled. The beneficiator is unusually efficient in recovering particulate gold from alluvial sands.

Abstract: A method for cleaning fine coal is provided which includes: mixing the coal with a fluid of such a specific gravity that clean coal particles would float while refuse particles would sink therein, pretreating the coal-fluid slurry by adding a surfactant, subjecting the mixture to ultrasonic dispersion, and separating the entire mixture into higher and lower specific gravity fluid streams by means of centrifugal separation. The fluid of the chosen specific gravity and the surfactant may be recovered from the fluid streams and recycled if desired.

Abstract: An inlet line deflector and equalizer means for a cyclone for washing crushed and sized coal with water wherein low density (1.6 or less) washed coal particles escape through the outlet pipe above the bottom collector through the box of the cyclone while higher density (1.7 or higher) siliceous impurities drain out of the cyclone bottom. The higher density impure fractions may be recycled in another cyclone to further fractionate into purified coal and refuse. Pure coal particles flow out through the outlet pipe above the box and impure particles containing shale, rock, clay, etc. drain at the bottom. Laminar flow is uniquely created by (1) providing high solids of about 18% to 50%, (2) at high velocity of about 18 to 28 feet per second within the cyclone and (3) by placement of an inlet line deflector in a predetermined critical dimension in the intake pipe.

Abstract: A crushed raw coal washing plant using a plurality of deflector-fitted centrifugal cyclones to produce a washed and dried mixture of clean coarse and fine coal, and fine coal alone, with means to remove refuse and means to recycle clean fine coal slurry by-product into the raw crushed coal inlet. Each centrifugal cyclone of said system is fitted with an inlet line deflector and equalizer means to create laminar flow and gravity separation whereby low density (1.6 or less) washed coal escapes through a first outlet at the top and refuse drains out of a second outlet at the bottom of said cyclone.

Abstract: Raw coal is fed into the upper end of an inclined internally scrolled barrel. Washed coal is screened after leaving the barrel, and the material passing the screen is divided into two batches, the coarser being returned to the barrel, the finer being separated into coal and waste by cyclone separators. The outputs of the separators are dewatered to provide liquor for effecting washing of raw coal in the barrel via a launder pipe, and to provide fluid for circulation from the screen to the separators.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for pulping and grading waste material in which the waste material is introduced into a cylindrical chamber having two end walls with a perforate screen in one of the end walls. An impeller in the chamber adjacent the perforate screen provides for pulping and pumping of the stock as well as provides rotational movement of the stock within the chamber. Lightweight rejects are continuously removed through an outlet centrally located in the end wall opposite the screen and heavy rejects are removed through an outlet in the cylindrical wall adjacent the end wall opposite the screen. The stock is introduced to the chamber through an annular inlet which surrounds and is coaxial with respect to the lightweight rejects outlet line.

Abstract: A separator for separating higher density metal values such as particles of gold from a mixture of gold particles and earthen material. The separator includes an upwardly divergent hollow cone and a hollow, transparent column, the transparent column being attached in fluid communication to the apex of the cone. A controllable water supply is connected to diffuser means in the apparatus to diffuse water upwardly through the column and the cone to carry away lighter earthen material in the cone. The water flow rate is adjusted so that the heavier gold particles settle downwardly into the transparent column. The transparent column permits the operator to observe the process and selectively adjust the water flow rate. A screen device may be included for controlling the particle size of material introduced into the separator cone. The separator cone and supporting apparatus therefor may be rendered readily man-portable by being incorporated into a backpack.

Abstract: Heavy metal values are separated from particulate material such as, for example, river sand or gravel, by depositing the material in a vibrating, inclined chute, where the coarser elements of the material are separated by a screen, and the material is then passed into two successive troughs for crude and fine extractions, whereby, tailings in the form of sand and other light particles are flushed out leaving any heavy metal values deposited in the second trough for discharge through a normally closed discharge opening. Flushing in the troughs is effected using perforated pipes for spraying water into the material and creating a turbulent flowing suspension of the particles.