Abstract: Methods and systems for achieving higher efficiencies and capacities in sorting feed material are described herein, such as for separating desirable “good” rock or ore from undesirable “bad” rock or ore in an unsegregated, unseparated stream of feed material. In the disclosure, higher efficiencies are achieved with combinations of multiple sensor/diverter cells in stages in a cascade arrangement. The number and combination of cells in the cascade may be determined through a priori characterization of probabilities involved in sensor/rock and rock/diverter interactions, and mathematical determinations of the optimal number and combination of stages based on this probability. Further, as disclosed herein, desired sorting capacities are achieved through addition of multiple cascades in parallel until the desired sorting capacity is reached.

Abstract: A method for industrial refining of coal ash created in power plants and carbonaceous ashes produced in other combustion processes by separating coal from said ashes and returning it to use and by recovering a substantially coal-free ash fraction obtained in the refining. In the method, coal ash and at least one ash fraction created by gasification technique in combustion plants are carefully proportioned in relation to one another and formed into a slurry mixture by means of an efficient dispersion technique, the slurry being then led to a flotation step, where a fraction rich in coal and a siliceous fraction poor in coal and a fraction dissolving in the process water are separated by flotation.

Abstract: A chain transfer agent composition comprises at least one branched C10 mercaptan selected from 5-methyl-1-mercapto-nonane, 3-propyl-1-mercapto-heptane, 4-ethyl-1-mercapto-octane, 2-butyl-1-mercapto-hexane, 5-methyl-2-mercapto-nonane, 3-propyl-2-mercapto-heptane, 4-ethyl-2-mercapto-octane, 5-methyl-5-mercapto-nonane, or combinations thereof. The chain transfer agent composition can be a component of an emulsion polymerization mixture and can be used in a process for emulsion polymerization for the production of polymers, for example, via free-radical polymerization.

Abstract: A method of recovering lithium cobalt oxide from spent lithium ion batteries, wherein said method is more environmentally friendly than the methods presently known in the art. The method includes a froth flotation step using renewable and biodegradable solvents such as terpenes and formally hydrated terpenes. The method can also include a relithiation step to return the Li:Co ratio back to about 1:1 for use in second-life applications.

Abstract: There is provided methods for separating a target material from a raw material by mixing the raw material with water to form a slurry, adding a collector compound to the slurry to modify a relative hydrophobicity of a surface of the target material, adding a facilitator compound to enhance the modification of the relative hydrophobicity of the surface, and forming a froth including a concentrate of the target material. Disclosed methods may also include adding a facilitator compound to a raw material slurry that has been treated with a collector compound and a reagent for neutralizing the collector compound.

Abstract: A chain transfer agent composition comprises at least one branched C10 mercaptan selected from 5-methyl-1-mercapto-nonane, 3-propyl-1-mercapto-heptane, 4-ethyl-1-mercapto-octane, 2-butyl-1-mercapto-hexane, 5-methyl-2-mercapto-nonane, 3-propyl-2-mercapto-heptane, 4-ethyl-2-mercapto-octane, 5-methyl-5-mercapto-nonane, or combinations thereof. The chain transfer agent composition can be a component of an emulsion polymerization mixture and can be used in a process for emulsion polymerization for the production of polymers, for example, via free-radical polymerization.

Abstract: A process for separating a solid having two or more components, at least one of which is lyophobic and at least one of which is lyophilic. The process comprises, in a single step, comminuting a mixture of the solid in a first liquid to which one of the components is lyophilic and to which the other component is lyophobic and in a second liquid which is immiscible with the first liquid and which will wet the lyophobic component to form agglomerates or floes of the lyophobic component and the second liquid in a mill having positive transport capability such that the mill causes the mixture to be transported therethrough. The second liquid comprises a bio-oil, bio-diesel or combination thereof. The agglomerates are then separated from the mixture. This process may be used for beneficiating a coal containing ash.

Abstract: A method of separating heavy mineral particles, such as zircon, monazites, xenotime etc., from a sample of quartz crystal powder, comprises the steps of: a. conditioning the quartz powder suspected of containing heavy mineral particles as an aqueous pulp using a froth-flotation agent; b. subjecting the conditioned pulp to froth flotation to obtain a tailing; c. combining the tailing with an aqueous solution having a density greater than that of quartz and less than that of a heavy mineral which it is desired to separate; and d. centrifuging the combination. The separated heavy mineral crystals can then be characterized using a micro-analysis technique.

Abstract: This document relates to a fuel oil composition comprising: (i) a solid hydrocarbonaceous and/or solid carbonaceous material, wherein the material is in particulate form, and wherein at least about 90% by volume (% v) of the particles are no greater than about 20 microns in diameter; and (ii) a liquid fuel oil; wherein the solid hydrocarbonaceous and/or solid carbonaceous material is present in an amount of at most about 30 by mass (% m) based on the total mass of the fuel oil composition. The invention further relates a process for the preparation of this fuel oil composition, a method of changing a grade of a liquid fuel oil, and a method for adjusting the flash point of a liquid fuel oil.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a process for manufacturing white pigment containing products. The white pigment containing products are obtained from at least one white pigment and impurities containing material via froth flotation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the flotation of silicates from ores in the presence of a collecting agent and an effective amount of a froth modifier/collecting booster comprising at least one of the compounds of general formula I or mixtures thereof: wherein X is C1-C3 alkyl; R? is straight or branched hydrocarbyl group containing 8 to 22 carbon atoms; n is integer from 2-4; m can vary from 0 to 2 and R? is X or —(CH2)n-N(X)2, with the proviso that when R? is —(CH2)n-N(X)2, then m is 1.

Abstract: A method for processing a heavy mineral concentrate obtained from froth treatment tailings to produce a zirconium concentrated product, including subjecting the heavy mineral concentrate to froth flotation, subjecting a flotation product to initial gravity separation, subjecting an initial gravity separation product to primary dry separation, subjecting a primary dry separation product to finishing gravity separation, and subjecting a finishing gravity separation product to finishing dry separation to produce a finishing dry separation product as the zirconium concentrated product.

Abstract: A composite magnetic material contains metal magnetic powder composed of metal magnetic particles, and mica interposed between the metal magnetic particles as an inorganic insulator. The mica has an Fe content of 15 wt % or less per 100 wt % of the mica in terms of Fe2O3. To manufacture the composite magnetic material, first, mixed powder is prepared by mixing the metal magnetic powder and the mica so as to be dispersed into each other. Next, a compact is formed by pressure-molding the mixed powder. Finally, the compact is heat-treated.

Abstract: A flotation process for recovering feldspar from a feldspar containing feed material is disclosed. The process includes forming an aqueous suspension of a feldspar containing feed material, in the absence of hydrofluoric acid, wherein the suspension includes from 0.004 to 0.3% wt. of a flotation reagent including: (a) one or more amines, containing at least one aliphatic hydrocarbon chain, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, including 8 to 50 carbon atoms, or a salt thereof; and (b) one or more primary, secondary or tertiary alcohols, containing at least one aliphatic hydrocarbon chain, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, including 8 to 50 carbon atoms; the ratio of (a) to (b) ranging from 500:1 to 1:40 by weight. The process further includes agitating the obtained suspension to produce a feldspar containing fraction, and separating the feldspar containing fraction.

Abstract: The invention provides methods and compositions for improving a froth flotation type separation. The method uses a microemulsion to improve the effectiveness of a frother. The improvement allows for low dosages of frother to work as well as much greater amounts of non-microemulsified frother.

Abstract: A chain transfer agent composition comprises at least one branched C10 mercaptan selected from 5-methyl-1-mercapto-nonane, 3-propyl-1-mercapto-heptane, 4-ethyl-1-mercapto-octane, 2-butyl-1-mercapto-hexane, 5-methyl-2-mercapto-nonane, 3-propyl-2-mercapto-heptane, 4-ethyl-2-mercapto-octane, 5-methyl-5-mercapto-nonane, or combinations thereof. The chain transfer agent composition can be a component of an emulsion polymerization mixture and can be used in a process for emulsion polymerization for the production of polymers, for example, via free-radical polymerization.

Abstract: Methods for purifying one or more value materials are provided. The method can include contacting an aqueous mixture comprising a value material and a contaminant with a dispersant and a depressant to produce a treated mixture. A weight ratio of the dispersant to the depressant can be from about 1:1 to about 30:1. The method can also include recovering a purified product comprising the value material from the treated mixture. The purified product can have a reduced concentration of the contaminant relative to the aqueous slurry.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for enriching an iron mineral from a silicate containing iron ore by inverse flotation comprising the addition of a collector or collector composition comprising at least one of the compounds of formulae RO—X—NH2 (Ia); RO—X—NH3+Y? (Ib); RO—X—NH—Z—NH2 (IIa); and RO—X—NH—Z—NH3+Y? (IIb), in which X is a linear or branched aliphatic alkylene group containing 2 to 6 carbon atoms; Z is a linear or branched aliphatic alkylene group containing 2 to 6 carbon atoms; Y? is an anion; and R is an aliphatic group of the formula (I) C5H11CH(C3H7)CH2— (I) wherein the C5H11 moeity of the aliphatic group of the formula (I) comprises 70 to 99% by weight n-C5H11—, and 1 to 30% by weight C2H5CH(CH3)CH2— and/or CH3CH(CH3)CH2CH2—.

Abstract: Compounds of the formulae: RO—X—NH2 (Ia); RO—X—NH3+Y? (Ib); RO—X—NH—Z—NH2 (IIa); and RO—X—NH—Z—NH3+Y? (IIb), in which X is an aliphatic alkylene group containing 2 to 6 carbon atoms; Z is an aliphatic alkylene group containing 2 to 6 carbon atoms; Y? is an anion; and R is an aliphatic iso C13H27-group with average branching degree ranging from 1.5 to 3.5. The compounds are particularly suitable as flotation collectors for enriching an iron mineral from a silicate-containing iron ore.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the flotation of silicates from ores in the presence of a collecting agent and an effective amount of a froth modifier/collecting booster comprising at least one of the compounds of general formula (I) or mixtures thereof: wherein X is C1-C3 alkyl; R? is straight or branched hydrocarbyl group containing 8 to 22 carbon atoms; n is integer from 2-4; m can vary from 0 to 2 and R? is X or —(CH2)n-N(X)2, with the proviso that when R? is —(CH2)n-N(X)2, then m is 1.

Abstract: Processing of mineral material containing precious metal with one or more sulfide minerals and non-sulfide gangue minerals including acid-consuming carbonate may include preparation of a sulfide concentrate by flotation with the flotation or conditioning prior to flotation using a gas comprising carbon dioxide. Flotation may be at an acidic pH without prior decomposition of the acid-consuming carbonate and may be without addition of acid for pH adjustment.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a process for the recovery of a metal from an ore using a collector composition. The process includes contacting the ore with the collector composition. The collector composition can include sulfur-containing compounds comprising (i) mercaptans comprising branched C10 mercaptans compounds selected from the group consisting of 5-methyl-1-mercapto-nonane, 3-propyl-1-mercapto-heptane, 4-ethyl-1-mercapto-octane, 2-butyl-1-mercapto-hexane, 5-methyl-2-mercapto-nonane, 3-propyl-2-mercapto-heptane, 4-ethyl-2-mercapto-octane, 5-methyl-5-mercapto-nonane, and combinations thereof; and (ii) sulfides comprising branched C20 sulfides represented by the structure R1—S—R2, wherein R1 and R2 are each independently a functional group derived from an olefin, wherein the olefin comprises 5-methyl-1-nonene, 3-propyl-1-heptene, 4-ethyl-1-octene, 2-butyl-1-hexene, or combinations thereof.

Abstract: Collector compositions and methods for making and using same to purify one or more crude materials are provided. The collector composition can include one or more amidoamines having the chemical Formula I and one or more amines having the chemical Formula IV, where a weight ratio of the amidoamine to the amine can be about 99:1 to about 1:99.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a process for the recovery of a metal from an ore using a collector composition. The process includes contacting the ore with the collector composition. The collector composition can include sulfur-containing compounds comprising (i) mercaptans comprising branched C10 mercaptans compounds selected from the group consisting of 5-methyl-1-mercapto-nonane, 3-propyl-1-mercapto-heptane, 4-ethyl-1-mercapto-octane, 2-butyl-1-mercapto-hexane, 5-methyl-2-mercapto-nonane, 3-propyl-2-mercapto-heptane, 4-ethyl-2-mercapto-octane, 5-methyl-5-mercapto-nonane, and combinations thereof; and (ii) sulfides comprising branched C20 sulfides represented by the structure R1—S—R2, wherein R1 and R2 are each independently a functional group derived from an olefin, wherein the olefin comprises 5-methyl-1-nonene, 3-propyl-1-heptene, 4-ethyl-1-octene, 2-butyl-1-hexene, or combinations thereof.

Abstract: Collector compositions and methods for making and using same are provided. The collector can include one or more etheramines and one or more amidoamines. A liquid suspension or slurry comprising one or more particulates can be contacted with the collector to produce a treated mixture. A product can be recovered from the treated mixture that includes a purified liquid having a reduced concentration of the particulates relative to the treated mixture, a purified particulate product having a reduced concentration of liquid relative to the treated mixture, or both.

Abstract: The present invention shows polythiol compositions containing dipentene dimercaptans and intermolecular sulfide compounds, as well as mining chemical collector compositions containing such polythiol compositions. Flotation processes for recovering metals, such as copper and molybdenum, from ores using the mining chemical collector compositions also are shown.

Abstract: The invention provides methods and compositions for improving a froth flotation type separation. The method uses a microemulsion to improve the effectiveness of a frother. The improvement allows for low dosages of frother to work as well as much greater amounts of non-microemulsified frother.

Abstract: Depressants comprising one or more types of polysaccharides comprising one or more types of pentosan units are provided. Also disclosed are processes for enriching a desired mineral from an ore comprising the desired mineral and gangue, wherein the process comprises carrying out a flotation process in the presence of one or more collecting agents and one or more of the depressants.

Abstract: A process for separating amino acids and peptides from raw and digested farm manure is disclosed. The raw manure may be recovered from sand bedding used in the cow stalls of some farms. The process involves the steps of precipitating out struvite and separating a stream rich in amino acids and peptides from a mineral rich stream in a dissolved air floatation machine. Struvite precipitation is accomplished by the addition of polydicyandiamide and an acrylate based polymer, while the separation of the stream rich in fibers, amino acids and peptides from a mineral rich streams is accomplished by the addition of an acrylamide chloride copolymer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to flotation of sulfidic copper- molybdenum- and gold-containing minerals. More specifically, the invention relates to sulfoxy reagent-assisted flotation for separating of sulfides of copper, molybdenum and gold from pyrite, marcasite, pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite, and other gangue minerals following aerating by an oxidizing gas and contacting by a sulfoxy reagent. To promote collection and flotation the feed mineral materials are preferably not contacted with an externally generated non-oxidizing gas to lower the dissolved molecular oxygen content prior to flotation.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for enriching an iron mineral from a silicate containing iron ore by inverse flotation comprising the addition of a collector or collector composition comprising at least one of the compounds of formulae RC(O)N(Z—O—X—NH2)2 (Ia); RC(O)N(Z—O—X—NH2)2H+ Y? (Ib); in which X is an aliphatic alkylene group containing 2 to 6 carbon atoms; Z is an aliphatic alkylene group containing 2 to 6 carbon atoms; Y? is an anion; and R is a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched, aliphatic or aromatic moiety having between 7 and 23 carbon atoms. The invention also relates to the novel compounds according to formulae (Ia) and (Ib), compositions comprising said compounds and the use of compounds and formulations as collectors for enriching of iron mineral.

Abstract: Methods and systems for achieving higher efficiencies and capacities in sorting feed material are described, such as for separating desirable “good” rock or ore from undesirable “bad” rock or ore in an unsegregated, unseparated stream of feed material. Higher efficiencies are achieved with combinations of multiple sensor/diverter cells in stages in a cascade arrangement. The number and combination of cells in the cascade may be determined through a priori characterization of probabilities involved in sensor/rock and rock/diverter interactions, and mathematical determinations of the optimal number and combination of stages based on this probability. Further, desired sorting capacities are achieved through addition of multiple cascades in parallel until the desired sorting capacity is reached.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system and method for recovering a precious metal from a geologic material. The system and method may include combining a geologic material containing a precious metal present in a non-bulk state with a first stage flux composition. The combination may be milled to provide a first stage mixture. The first stage mixture may be sintered for a first period of time at a first temperature and a second period of time at a second temperature. The second temperature may be greater than the first temperature. Sintering may promote the transition of a portion of the precious metal from a non-bulk state to a bulk state. A first stage sintered material may be recovered with a content of at least about 0.15 weight percent of the precious metal in the bulk state.

Abstract: Froth flotation processes that include adding a beneficiating amount of a value mineral collector composed of an organic ammonium salt of a sulfur-containing acid to at least one stage of a froth flotation process to recover value minerals from mineral ore bodies are disclosed herein.

Abstract: Formulations for value mineral collector compositions composed of at least one first collector selected from an organic ammonium salt of an organic sulfur-containing acid; and at least one second collector selected from neutral collectors and/or organic ammonium salts of an organic sulfur-containing acids, such that the second collector is different from said first collector, are provided herein, along with methods for making and using same.

Abstract: Froth flotation processes that include adding a beneficiating amount of a value mineral collector composed of an organic ammonium salt of a sulfur-containing acid to at least one stage of a froth flotation process to recover value minerals from mineral ore bodies are disclosed herein.

Abstract: An apparatus for collecting mineral particles in a slurry or the tailings is disclosed. The apparatus may take the form of a filter, a conveyor belt or an impeller to be used in a processor to collect mineral particles in the slurry, or in a tailings pond to collect mineral particles in the tailings. The filter, conveyor belt or impeller has a collection area made of or coated with a synthetic material having a functional group, either anionic or cationic to attach to the mineral particles. Alternatively, the synthetic material has hydrophobic molecules to render the collection area hydrophobic. When the mineral particles in the slurry or tailings are combined with collector molecules, the mineral particles also become hydrophobic. The hydrophobic mineral particles are attracted to the hydrophobic collection area. The filter, conveyor belt and impeller may have a plurality of passage ways in order to increase the contacting surfaces.

Abstract: The invention provides methods and compositions for improving a froth flotation type separation. The method uses a microemulsion to improve the effectiveness of a collector. The improvement allows for low dosages of collector to work as well as much greater amounts of non-microemulsified collector.

Abstract: A method for processing rubber granules or rubber powders containing different types of rubber. Vehicle tires containing natural rubber in the tread and butyl rubber in the inner liner are granulated or ground to prepare rubber granules or rubber powders, which are processed in a flotation cell under stirring and with the addition of air. The natural rubber fraction of the rubber granules has a higher tendency to adsorb air bubbles and to rise in the flotation cell, while the butyl rubber fraction remains at the bottom. The rubber granules are separated into two or more rubber fractions with an increased amount of a specific rubber type in each fraction.

Abstract: Separation of hydrophobic particles from a mixture of particles in a fluid is performed by providing a fluidized bed as a relatively non-turbulent contacting mechanism in a flotation cell incorporating a settling chamber located immediately above the fluidized bed. Hydrophobic particles attach to bubbles in the fluidized bed and rise to the interface with the settling chamber where non-hydrophobic particles flow over the lip of an internal launder and are removed as tailings at. The hydrophobic particles attached to bubbles float upwardly in the relatively placid settling chamber where unwanted gangue can fall back to interface. The bubbles form a froth layer at the upper surface of the settling chamber, and flow over the launder lip carrying the hydrophobic particles. An operation of the apparatus is kept stable by recirculating fluid from the settling chamber via pip and pump to mix with new feed entering at duct.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods for synthesizing nanoparticles are provided. Methods for synthesizing nanoparticles are provided comprising mixing at least two solutions comprising the components of the nanoparticles within a micromixer; exposing the resultant mixed, unreacted, azeotropic solution to ultrasound; and collecting the generated nanoparticles. Apparatuses are also provided for synthesizing nanoparticles comprising a micromixer in fluid connection with a continuous reactor comprising at least one inlet, at least one outlet, and an ultrasound horn oriented such that the acoustic energy is transferred to the fluid within the continuous reactor.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of separating nickel bearing sulphides from mined ores or concentrates of mined ores that contain talc particles is disclosed. The method comprises adjusting the Eh of a slurry of mined ores or concentrates of mined ores and making particles of nickel bearing sulphides less hydrophobic than talc particles and floating the nickel bearing sulphide particles from the slurry.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of a composition of A) at least one quaternary ammonia compound comprising at least one organic radical bonded to the ammonia nitrogen atom and optionally comprising heteroatoms and having 1 to 36 carbon atoms, and B) at least one amine alkoxylate ester of formula (1) or a salt thereof, where A, B are, independently of each other, a C2- through C5-alkylene radical R1, a C8- through C24-alkyl radical or alkenyl radical R2, R3, R4 independent of each other, H, or a C8- through C24-acyl radical, with the stipulation that at least one of the radicals R2, R3 or R4 stands for a C8- through C24-acyl radical, and x, y, z, independently of each other, stand for a whole number from 0 through 50, with the stipulation that x+y+z is a whole number from 1 through 100, in quantities of 10 through 5000 g/tonne of ore as a collector in silicate floation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the beneficiation of coal by the process of froth flotation and specifically relates to a process for the froth flotation of coal using a mixture of fatty acids and rosin acids (and/or certain derivatives of fatty acids and rosin acids) as a collector.

Abstract: A process for concentrating manganese from the tailing of a manganese-carrying mineral including removing a coarse particle size fraction from the tailing, desliming and conducting an acidic or a basic reverse cationic flotation. The manganese-carrying minerals are typically minerals with low manganese content from the lithologies “Tabular Pelite” (or PETB), Pelite Siltite (or PEST), Detritic (or DETR), Rich Pelite (or PERC) and Metallurgical Bioxide (or BXME). In another aspect, the present invention also relates to a reverse cationic flotation used to concentrate manganese which is carried out using depressor agents and collector agents as flotation reagents.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a froth flotation composition including a cycloaliphatic alcohol and a reaction product of the cycloaliphatic alcohol and propylene oxide. The froth flotation composition is especially suited for use in ore and coal flotation processes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for concentration of silicate-containing minerals and ores by froth flotation, in particular to a reverse flotation process, in the presence of a finely dispersed collecting agent characterized by a specific droplet size distribution.

Abstract: The present disclosure teaches improved processes to produce high-brightness kaolins at high yields from various natural sources of crude kaolin. In some embodiments, a process for treating mined kaolin comprises: blunging kaolin material with water at high shear to form a slurry; introducing the slurry to one or more beneficiation units for flocculation of titania (e.g., anatase) and titania-associated impurities (e.g., iron); introducing a sodium silicate composition, or precursors thereof, to the beneficiation units, wherein the sodium silicate composition is characterized by a Na2O/SiO2 ratio selected from about 0.25 to about 2.5; and recovering a suspension comprising at least 70% of the kaolin clay. The selected sodium silicate composition enhances flocculation of the titania while maintaining dispersion of the kaolin clay in the slurry. One or more chemical leaching reactions generate a treated kaolin that is characterized by a brightness of about 90 or higher.

Abstract: A flotation separation system is provided for partitioning a slurry that includes a hydrophobic species which can adhere to gas bubbles formed in the slurry. The flotation separation system comprises a flotation separation cell that includes a sparger unit and a separation tank. The sparger unit has a slurry inlet for receiving slurry and a gas inlet to receive gas with at least enough pressure to allow bubbles to form in the slurry within the sparger unit. The sparger unit includes a sparging mechanism constructed to disperse gas bubbles within the slurry. The sparging mechanism sparges the gas bubbles to form a bubble dispersion so as to cause adhesion of the hydrophobic species to the gas bubbles substantially within the sparger unit while causing a pressure drop of about 10 psig or less across the sparging mechanism. The sparger unit includes a slurry outlet to discharge the slurry and the bubble dispersion into the separation tank.

Abstract: A process for the flotation of non-sulfidic minerals or ores, is disclosed in which crushed crude minerals or ores are mixed with water and a collector to form a suspension, air is introduced into the suspension in the presence of a reagent system, and a floated foam containing the non-sulfidic mineral or ores is formed therein along with a flotation residue comprising the gangue polymeric esterquats as the collector polymeric esterquats. The polymeric esterquats are obtained by reacting alkanolamines with a mixture of monocarboxylic acids and dicarboxylic acids and quaternizing the resulting esters, optionally after alkoxylation.