Abstract: A process for the recovery of coal particles having a maximum dimension of less than 2 mm from coal tailings including the steps of forming a slurry (101) of tailings having a pulp density of from 10 to 30% by weight; feeding the slurry into a hydrocyclone (103) to produce an underflow second stream which contains the tailing particles over a predetermined size and some of the gangue particles smaller than that size and an overflow stream containing the coal particles smaller than the predetermined size and the balance of the gangue particles, the hydrocyclone (103) being operated such that the underflow stream has a pulp density of from 40% to 60% by weight; adjusting the pulp density of the second stream, if required, to from 20 to 50% by weight; passing the repulped second stream over a rapped or vibrated sieve screen deck (105) having a wedge wire sieve screen with a radius of less than 2 m, an arc angle of from 45.degree. to 60.degree.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for separating particles from flowing medium, whereby separation of coarse particles occurs in a cyclone member (4) and separation of fine particles in a filter device (10) inside the cyclone member. For providing this separation of coarse particles in a cyclone member and additionally, fine separation in a cleanable filter device, there is, inside the cyclone member (4), provided a filter cleaning device (15) which engages filter material (16) included in the filter device (10) for cleaning said filler material from particles adhering thereto when the filter device (10) is rotated relative to the filter cleaning device (15), the filter cleaning device (15) relative to the filter device (10) or the filter device (10) and the filter cleaning device (15) relative to each other.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for recovering a bulk concentrate of zircon and a bulk concentrate of rutile-ilmenite from dry plant tailings. A process has been discovered for froth flotation by manipulating the surface charges of dry plant tailings. Conditioning reagents, sulfuric acid to lower the pH; corn starch to coat the minerals to be depressed; sodium fluoride to activate the minerals to be floated; and amine to float the activated minerals, are used in the flotation process.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the removal of light material from a fiber suspension particularly suitable for removing light compressible plastic material such as expanded polystyrene and similar material from the short circulation of a paper machine. The plastic particles containing fiber suspension is divided in a degassing tank into reject and accept flows by the assistance of vacuum. The light reject containing flow is separated from the main flow by an overflow device and recirculated to the wire pit or corresponding device. A separation device such as a vibrating screen, vibrating drum, curved screen or inverted cyclone is provided within the light reject flow return duct for removing the detrimental plastic or other light material from the short circulation and for preventing the accumulation thereof in the wire pit.

Abstract: A continuous process for the separation of small particles from larger particles in a biological preparation passes a liquid stream of the preparation through a first filter or screen, which retains larger particles, passing smaller particles in the liquid. The large particles have retained on their surfaces wetting water, in which are entrained some of the small particles. The large particles are directed to a liquid having a concentration of smaller particles lower than the concentration of smaller particles in the wetting water, and mixed therein. The smaller particles separate from the larger particles in the mixed suspension, which is then directed to a second filter or screen, for further separation. The smaller particle/liquid stream may be recycled to the biological preparation stage, the liquid suspension for the large particles, or to a separator means where the smaller particles are separated off from the liquid stream.

Abstract: A stock screening apparatus has a material supply port which communicates with a material supply passage, and a first discharge port which communicates with a first discharge passage. The first discharge passage is located within a downward projected image of the material supply passage. In consequence, the stock which flows into a primary chamber flows in a vortex along the periphery of the primary chamber, and the foreign materials contained in this vortex, such as stones or metals, can thus be discharged through the first discharge passage when they are moved to the first discharge port. Also, a rotary shaft of a drum-shaped rotary body is disposed horizontally. An opening of the portion of the primary chamber located downstream of the drum-shaped rotary body and that of the secondary chamber are closed by a cover.

Abstract: Process and apparatus for disengaging organic, bituminous material from pulverized bituminous ores and for recovering a concentrated mixture of the bituminous material and water. Wherein the apparatus comprises a pulverizer to pulverize the ores to be processed to particles not larger than 1/4 inch in size and inner and outer process vessels which are preferably combined into a unitary assembly and wherein the process comprises a combination of mechanical and hot water disengagement of the organic, bituminous materials from the mineral ore solids, i.e.

Abstract: In a method for manufacturing potassium chloride with a K.sub.2 O content of 55 wt. % from the fine salt resulting from the decomposition of carnallite, n-alkyl amine salts are used as conditioning agents, and flotation media containing magnesium and potassium chloride are used to separate this fine decomposition salt in an initial flotation stage into a grain size fraction of <0.1 mm as the first pre-concentrate and a residue having a grain size of >0.315. After the conditioning, this residue is again floated and the potassium chloride comes to the surface as a second pre-concentrate. Then the potassium chloride is separated from the mixture of the two pre-concentrates, without any further conditioning, in another flotation stage, and collected.

Abstract: A media particle size separating apparatus and method are disclosed for use with a slurry blast cabinet. The system is capable of continuous operation so that under sized blast media particles and fines can be separated out of the slurry along with debris from the blasting operation on a continuous basis. An upwardly open partition divided hopper receives spent slurry from the blasting cabinet to flow through at least two chambers in the hopper to a pump returning the slurry and sized media to the blasting cabinet and nozzles therein. Unusable fines collected in one chamber of the hopper are drawn off through a drain valve.

Abstract: A coal slurry washer which, importantly, is portable for usage at the site of the coal slurry, where the components are disposed on movable platforms capable of highway travel. A mast or boom is provided which carries, at the free upper end thereof, cyclone-sieve bend components, assuring an effective elongated gravity discharge path to a dryer component therebelow. The platform carrying the mast provides space for receiving the cyclone-sieve bend components during a non-use or transporting position of the latter, further assuring the desired portability.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for removing ash from repulped wastepaper which contains ash together with cellulosic fibers. The apparatus includes a frame and a plurality of rolls which are rotatably secured to the frame, such that the axes of rotation of the rolls are spaced and parallel to each other. The plurality of rolls include an upstream roll and a downstream roll having a cylindrical outer surface. A porous belt is supported by and extends around the plurality of rolls to define an endless loop. The belt moves between the upstream and downstream rolls for defining a screening portion. A headbox is disposed within the endless loop, and adjacent to the screening portion for ejecting the repulped wastepaper through the screening portion. A drainage device is disposed on the opposite side of the screening portion relative to the headbox for receiving ash passing through the screening portion.

Abstract: An improved method and apparatus for water harvesting wherein a separator grating is lowered into the water to hold trash below the harvestable berries that are then caused by their buoyancy to rise through the immersed separator. The berries thus separated from the debris are gathered in various ways, such as the conventional loading via a conveyor, removing the berries by lifting the separator grating after the apertures of the separator have been reduced, or using a second grating with smaller openings. The method can be carried out in a reciprocating cycle or using a continuous rotating movement of the separator that might be part of a band scoop, mechanically powered scoop, or rolling harvesting apparatus. Provisions are also provided to simultaneously remove the debris separated from the berries from the flooding water. The method and apparatus might also be used in cleaning the harvest in a flooded tank on the dike.

Abstract: A method is provided for separating an inert solid substantially inorganic fraction comprising sand or soil from a tarry or oily organic matter in a feedstock. The feedstock may be contaminated soil or tarry waste. The feedstock is combined with pulverized coal and water. The ratio (oil or tar to dry weight of coal) of about 1.0:10 to about 4.0:10 at a temperature in the range of 60.degree.-95.degree. C. The mixture is agitated, the coarse particles are removed, and up to about 0.10% by weight (based on weight of coal) of a frothing agent is added. The mixture is then subjected to flotation, and the froth is removed from the mixture.

Abstract: In carbon-in-pulp (CIP) and carbon-in-leach (CIL) processes, especially those utilizing pure oxygen instead of normal air to increase the overall efficiency of the cyanide leaching-adsorption process in the recovery of gold and/or silver from ores, the screen within each tank which surrounds the slurry outlet is kept clean. The cleaning action is accomplished by linearly reciprocating the screen first slowly in one direction, and then quickly in another (to cause back flushing); or by rotating a cleaning rotor on the inside of a cylindrical screen. The cleaning rotor may be connected to the same shaft as an agitator disposed above a draft tube within the tank. The screen surface is tapered in its direction of movement, and during movement has a tendency to transport and concentrate the carbon (charcoal) particles at the far end of the slow stroke, and the concentrated particles can be withdrawn and recirculated to other tanks in the system.

Abstract: A new "cold" process for the recovery of elemental sulphur from contaminated elemental sulphur products is described. Elemental sulphur is recovered by froth flotation from: contaminated base pads of elemental sulphur blocks, stockpiles of contaminated elemental sulphur; contaminated elemental sulphur rejects from industrial handling and hauling; complex sulphur agglomerate, reject by-product from hot melting processes which is presently unprocessable and discarded (or as is otherwise referred to as "sulphur crete melt residue"); contaminated products resulting from the exploitation processes using wells for the application of heat to reservoirs in order to recover elemental sulphur; and also from other sources of contaminated elemental sulphur in the oil and gas and other industries. This process comprises the steps of coarse screening, crushing, wet grinding, sizing, classifying.

Abstract: Apparatus for treating of old printed papers includes a recycling conduit for the thickening waters of a long fiber fraction upstream of the fractionation apparatus to the pulping and pre-purification apparatus, and a reservoir for the recovery of thickening waters of a short fiber fraction and of thickening/washing waters of the long fiber fraction. This reservoir is fed with clean water for starting the installation and is connected with a second reservoir such that overflow from the first reservoir empties into the second reservoir.

Abstract: A mixture of two sets of similarly sized particles having different terminal velocities in a separation liquid is separated. This is done by removing either the smaller particle portion of the set having the greater terminal velocity, or the larger particle portion of the set having the lesser terminal velocity, or both, for example, by sieving. The resulting mixture is introduced into a tube in which the separation liquid is flowing upwardly. This eliminates intermixing of the fines of one set with the larger particles of the other set. The flow of liquid in the tube can be arranged to provide laminar flow separated by two regions of turbulent flow to improve separation of particles. Anion and cation exchange resin particles can be separated in this manner, regenerated and returned to service.

Abstract: In carbon-in-pulp (CIP) and carbon-in-leach (CIL) processes, especially those utilizing pure oxygen instead of normal air to increase the overall efficiency of the cyanide leaching-adsorption process in the recovery of gold and/or silver from ores, the screen within each tank which surrounds the slurry outlet is kept clean. The cleaning action is accomplished by linearly reciprocating the screen first slowly in one direction, and then quickly in another (to cause back flushing); or by rotating a cleaning rotor on the inside of a cylindrical screen. The cleaning rotor may be connected to the same shaft as an agitator disposed above a draft tube within the tank. The screen surface is tapered in its direction of movement, and during movement has a tendency to transport and concentrate the carbon (charcoal) particles at the far end of the slow stroke, and the concentrated particles can be withdrawn and recirculated to other tanks in the system.

Abstract: A screening device is provided with a screening element having a plurality of perforations going therethrough. Each perforation has an inlet and an outlet.The screen element includes a plurality of step-type obstacle members positioned in the vicinity of the inlets of the perforations to produce turbulence in a flow of a fluid passing through the perforations. Each obstacle member has a shielding member positioned substantially above the inlet so that a gap is defined between the shielding member and the screening element. The shielding element extending over the inlet of the perforation forms an entry baffle above the outlet.At least one blade having a hydrodynamic profile rotates at high speed above the shielding element.

Abstract: Heavy oil production results in oily sand waste products, the disposal of which presents a problem. Since the oily sand causes rapid wear on heavy oil treatment equipment, it is important to deal with the problem early in the treatment process. For this reason recovery of the bulk of the sand is effected at the so-called free water knockout, which is a tank operating at atmospheric pressure for removing free water and sand from the heavy oil. Sand drops to the bottom of the tank. Oil separates from the water, rises to the top of the tank and overflows to the next piece of treatment equipment. Water is siphoned from the bottom of the tank and fed to a water disposal plant. The apparatus described herein includes a pump for feeding a sand slurry from the bottom of the tank to hydrocyclones, dewatering screens to which fresh water is added to clean the sand and remove additional moisture therefrom, and a hopper for receiving the clean sand.

Abstract: A debris catcher comprising a conical screen (filter) in a drill string which defines an annular accumulation space between the screen and the inner wall of the drill string is presented. The central portion of the screen is open to establish an unimpeded flow path. A centrifugal deflector, impeller or similar device above (upstream from) the screen establishes a helical flow pattern in the drilling mud whereby debris entrained in the mud is forced outwardly by centrifugal action. The debris is then caught in the annular accumulation space between the screen and the drill string wall when the mud flows through the screen. If the accumulator fills or the screen becomes clogged, mud will still flow through the center flow passage. The debris catcher of the present invention is preferably positioned within a drill string upstream of a mud powered turbine or other device in the mud stream, the operation of which may be jeopardized by debris in the mud stream.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for separating rock refuse of coal mining and products of coal deposits with rock intercalation, the coal contents of which being advantageously less, than 50%, into parts being rich and poor in coal, respectively, in a given case in a pure refuse parts by using the heavy-media process. In sense of the invention the raw material mentioned above is crushed according to necessity to the grain size of 0 to 50 mm and/or graded. Hereinafter from the raw material and from the weighting material partly being present in the raw material in a quantity of at least 7 weight-%, advantageously 10 weight-%, in a grain size of 0-0.5 mm, partly recycled from the process, a mixture of sludge is prepared in the presence of a liquid phase, while the density of the sludge mixture is adjusted in accordance with the extent of separation. The sludge mixture is allowed to pass through one or more hydrocyclones and equipments separating according to grainsize and/or grading equipments.

Abstract: A system operating in accordance with the method of the invention can be compared to a single stage enrichment by noting that in the single stage system, 100% (or all) of the underflow output of the first stage would go into refuse, i.e. whatever desirable product is contained in the underflow of the first stage would be lost. In contrast to this system, in accordance with invention, a middling fraction is directed back into stage 2 (along with spoil) which results in self-enriching the material undergoing separation in the second stage. Eventually the enriched coal will be contained in that portion of the overflow output of the second stage which is directed back to the first stage, and for that reason the losses going into the spoil will be reduced in comparison to the enrichment loss in the first stage.

Abstract: Plastics fragments including polyethylene terephthalate and polyolefins derived from comminution of containers such as beverage bottles are segregated according to specific gravity by flotation. The flotation liquid includes a surfactant to facilitate complete separation of the light and heavy plastic fractions from one another. The surfactant may be a residue of a detergent used to wash the flakes and remove contaminants therefrom. Rinsing prior to flotation separation is controlled so as to leave the desired detergent residue leading to a marked reduction in rinse water requirements.

Abstract: The method of beneficiating a phosphate ore comprising apatite and including dolomitic impurities comprising reagentizing the ore having a particle size in the range of 75 .mu.m to about 420 .mu.m with an aqueous solution having a pH of from 3.5 to 4.5 and containing a fatty acid anionic collector and sodium chloride and subjecting the ore to froth flotation to float away the dolomitic impurities.

Abstract: A recovery method of vinyl chloride resin which comprises formulating an aggregate of vinyl chloride resin by adding to an aqueous dispersion of vinyl chloride resin an organic liquid which is difficultly soluble in water and does not dissolve or swell vinyl chloride resin and mixing the two; dehydrating the aggregate; and drying the same to recover granular vinyl chloride resin, the characteristic feature residing in that said aqueous dispersion is the one which has passed through the screen of 20 to 150-micron meshes.

Abstract: A heavy medium low-specific gravity method for recovering coarse clean coal within a size range of about +28 m and fine clean coal and coal-bearing particles within a size range of -28 x Om from a raw coal feed wherein heavy medium is recovered as a substantially clean product which can be recycled in the heavy medium system. In the method a raw coal feed containing coal, shale and other impurities within a size range of about 3.81 cm.times.0 is mixed withi a heavy medium to produce a slurry of low specific gravity between about 1.27 and 1.70. The slurry is treated in at least one cyclone to separate an overflow product containing substantially all coal and coal-bearing particles from an underflow product containing all shale and sulfur-bearing rejects.The overflow product is treated on standard equipment to separate coarse coal from fine coal and heavy medium. The coarse coal is recovered as a usable product.

Abstract: A process particularly suited for producing anthracite coal having an ash content greater than about 20 percent. In the process, an aqueous feedstock slurry composed of raw input and a heavy medium having a magnetic component is subjected to a particular type of cyclonic separating action which produces a coal product having a specific gravity of at least about 1.9 while the specific gravity of the heavy medium is maintained at least about 0.4 units below the specific gravity of the coal product. The configuration of the cyclones and composition of heavy medium is such as to enable separation to occur at a relatively high specific gravity with a medium of relatively low specific gravity and viscosity, thereby minimizing magnetite ore losses and energy required to effect separation.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the dynamic separation of mixtures of materials, such as minerals having different specific gravities, by using one dense medium having two different densities, the process includes a closed loop flow system utilizing two medium streams of two different densities for separating mixtures of materials into two material/dense medium streams. The dense material is recovered from the two material/dense medium streams after separation and splitting by creating two return streams of two different densities which are individually fed to a tub, and the two medium streams are formed from the dense medium of the tubs by effecting overflow of the dense medium between the two tubs to establish substantially equal volume therebetween and maintain equal volume therebetween.

Abstract: In a method of agglomerating carbonaceous coal comprising first agglomerating impurity liberated carbonaceous coal, from an impurity liberated coal slurry, with agglomerating oil to form open structured, chain-like, micro-agglomerates and then forming relatively larger, less open structured more robust agglomerates from a portion of the slurry to provide a mixture of micro-agglomerates, relatively larger, more robust agglomerates, water and any inorganic impurities that may be present. The relatively larger, more robust agglomerates are screened and then the micro-agglomerates are separated using an aerating, skimmer tank leaving an inorganic impurity laden waste water. The micro-agglomerates are rendered buoyant by the aeration and are thus rendered separable from the inorganic laden waste water which may be further treated to remove the inorganic waste to provide water for recirculation.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for separating cut potato strips such as french fries having varying solids content. By the process the cut potato strips are introduced into a starch suspension having a specific gravity intermediate that of the potatoes so that the strips of low solids content rise to the top of the suspension and the high solids strips settle to the lower region of the suspension. The apparatus comprises a tank containing the suspension which tank has a sloping bottom and an upper and lower conveyor. The upper conveyor removes the low solids strips and the lower conveyor removes the heavy solids strips and is equipped with flights that scrape the sloping bottom end wall of the tank to prevent starch accumulation therein.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the separation of a mixture of plastic particles and contaminant. According to the invention, a two-phase solution composed of a halogenated hydrocarbon and water are applied to the mixture of plastic and contaminant. The two-phase solution and mixture are placed in a separator. The two-phase solution and mixture are rotated in the separator. During rotation, the plastic contained in the mixture of plastic and contaminant, which has a density less than the halogenated hydrocarbon contained in the two-phase solution, is separated by gravitation from the contaminant and carried by the water of the two-phase solution. Also during rotation, the contaminant contained in the mixture of plastic and contaminant, which has a density greater than the halogenated hydrocarbon of the two-phase solution, is separated by gravitation from the plastic and carried by the halogenated hydrocarbon of the two-phase solution.

Abstract: This specification relates to a counter-flow sedimentation separator and process which is designed to separate mixed particulate materials on either side of a present cutoff density and to a method of separating such materials. The separator has been designed to highgrade gold, zinc, tin, lead, barite and gold tailings, but can be used to perform a similar function with other materials given an adequate density difference between the materials to be separated. It employs a series of counterflow separation units used in conjunction with screening operations in such a way as to effect density separations. This process is specially provided with new and inventive embodiments which increase systems efficiency and density selectivity, while decreasing water and energy requirements.

Abstract: An apparatus for improving the quality of paper manufactured from a contaminated fibrous stock having therein recycled paper pulp and contaminants smaller than a predetermined size and with a specific gravity approximately that of the specific gravity of whitewater used in the production of recycled paper stock comprises a hydrokinetic amplifier having a mixing chamber connected to each of a steam inlet, a stock inlet, a chemical feed inlet, an overflow discharge and a venturi. The venturi is connected to an outlet of the hydrokinetic amplifier. The apparatus also includes a pulper, a dump chest, a cyclone separator, a pressure screen, a vibratory screen, a holding tank, a pump, and various auxiliary pumps, valves, piping and sources of steam and whitewater.

Abstract: A method for classifying sand wherein a mixture of sand and water is introduced into a classification tank (7) partially filled with water. Depending on the weight of the sand grains, the grains of sand will precipitate at the bottom (8) of the tank (7) at graduated distances from an inlet pipe (6), the heavier particles nearest the inlet and the lighter particles farther away.To prevent large quantities of fines, i.e., sand grains between about 0.002 mm and 0.006 mm in size, from being lost by being washed out of the tank (7) together with the overflow water, the water from the tank (7) is recirculated by means of a pump (14) so that the water becomes progressively more saturated with fines, which means that larger amounts of fines will precipitate in the tank (7).Because the water is recirculated, water consumption can be reduced by 2/3, and at the same time the problem of the overflow water from the tank (7) is also reduced.

Abstract: A heavy metal separator for removing heavy metal particles and flakes from ore. It has a feed hopper which feeds a slurry of ore over an inclined screen in a separation chamber. The smaller particles pass through the screen into a second section of the separation chamber. The larger particles wave downwardly off the lower end of the screen into a first section of the separation chamber. A stream of water is directed by baffles upward through the second section counter current to the flow of materials. The water washes the less dense waste material out of the second section into the first section. The fine heavy metal particles and flakes, being more dense, settle downwardly to a collection point at the bottom of the second section. The larger concentrates and fine waste material move downwardly through the first section to an outlet, where they pass into a second separation chamber.

Abstract: In a static sieve assembly having a housing for mounting a sieve or screen, a feed box having a discharge spout for feeding material tangentially to and across the sieve, a side of the spout having flexibly connected fixed upper and movable lower parts, and an actuator on said feed box and acting on said lower part for controlling the rate of feed to the sieve by varying the area of a discharge opening of the spout.

Abstract: A cyclonic separator for separating solid particles from a fluid comprises a housing including a chamber, a first deflector between the chamber and its inlet for deflecting the fluid flowing from the inlet to a radially-extending passageway before reaching the chamber, and a second deflector between the radially-extending passageway and the chamber for deflecting the fluid in the circumferential direction before entering the chamber to produce a vortex therein for separation of solid particles from the fluid before the fluid reaches the chamber outlet. The housing further includes a dirt-purging outlet at the bottom of the chamber for purging the solid particles settling therein.

Abstract: A waste paper processing system in which a fibrous suspension of waste paper is cleaned and sorted. The fine cleaning of the suspension is carried out by means of one or more conical centrifuges in a subsidiary stream which branches off from the mainstream and is later recombined therewith. The portion containing the largest content of coarse substances is introduced from a vertical sorter located in the mainstream into the subsidiary stream in which it is sorted and cleaned. There is practically no need to process the waste from the conical centrifuges and the conical centrifuge unit can be designed to be substantially smaller and thus more economical in terms of energy because of the smaller flow of material therethrough.

Abstract: A sample-taking vessel 10 for pasty sample material, especially faeces, to be distributed in suspension fluid comprises a sample-taking cup 12 fitted on a vessel lid 14 and open towards the vessel bottom. The vessel bottom is formed with an elevation 28 which is shaped complementarily to the sample-taking cup 12. The cup wall 42 is provided at least in zones with sieve openings 44 out of which the sample material is forced and finely distributed in the suspension fluid 46 in the closing of the sample-taking vessel 10 with the aid of the vessel lid 14.

Abstract: A screen for fibre pulp is provided with means for removal of light reject. The screening apparatus comprises a vertical cylindrical screen (2); and a rotor (3) which is concentrically disposed inside the screen and the substantially closed outer surface (9) of which together with the inner surface (10) of the screen defines a screening zone (11) for the pulp. A pipe (19) is provided inside the rotor (3) the upper end of the pipe being disposed adjacent to the inner surface (21) of the closed upper end (12) of the rotor (3).

Abstract: A method of recovering a vinyl chloride resin, which comprises mixing an aqueous dispersion of a vinyl chloride resin with an organic liquid which is difficultly soluble in water and does not dissolve nor swell the vinyl chloride resin to form a granular aggregate of the vinyl chloride resin, dehydrating the aggregate and drying it, wherein the granular aggregate before dehydration is adjusted to such a particle size that it contains not more than 20% by weight of particles having a particle diameter of not more than 100 microns.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method and apparatus for separating coal from impurities, which comprises a first and second tank including drag conveyor means and agitation means for the combination of saturating a raw mass containing coal and impurities, dispersing the impurities in to water, separating the coal from the impurities and flowing the mass from the front of the tanks to the rear of the tanks. A crusher as arranged between the tanks through conveyor means for transferring the mass between from one tank to the crusher and from the crusher to the other tank. The mass from the second tank is conveyed in to a separator pan which includes a separator plate, the separator plate having a configuration and being located within the separator pan at a position, so that an upper flow portion of the mass having a lower specific gravity passes thereover, and so that a lower flow portion of the mass having a higher specific gravity passes thereunder and out a hole in the bottom of the separator.

Abstract: A method and system for reclaiming coal by separating useable coal from refuse includes a pre-conditioning stage wherein a raw feed stock of coal and refuse is mixed with a liquid medium, and a separation stage wherein the pre-conditioned feed stock is processed to separate useable coal from the refuse. In the pre-conditioning stage, the raw feed stock is used to prepare a slurried medium containing particulate material of a predetermined particulate size and of a pre-selected specific gravity. In the washing stage, the slurried medium is separated into two separated slurries, one being of lesser specific gravity than the slurried medium and the other being of greater specific gravity than the slurried medium. Usable coal is separated from the slurry of lesser specific gravity and refuse is separated from the slurry of greater specific gravity. The effluent from the slurries of lesser and greater specific gravities is collected for use in preparing the slurried medium in the pre-conditioning stage.

Abstract: This specification relates to a counter-flow sedimentation separator which is designed to separate mixed aggregate materials on either side of a preset cutoff density and to a method of separating such materials. The separator has been designed primarily to highgrade gold tailings but can be used to perform a similar function with other materials given an adequate difference in density between the materials to be separated. It employs a multi-column design which coupled with screening allows density separations to be completed throughout the usual spectrum of particle sizes found in tailings and can be modified according to the material to be processed in order to maximize efficiency.

Abstract: Mobile mineral processing apparatus comprising at least one module having a base, frame structure and a roof. The base is mounted on skids or the like whereby the module can be moved from place to place at will. Also, each module is demountable for convenient transport from one site to another and for convenient reassembly at the new site. In a basic form of the apparatus there is a preliminary separation module having an inclined screen for separating feed material into waste and treatment components, and a concentrator module having several banks of spiral concentrators which receive the treatment component and process that component to achieve a satisfactory level of recovery of the mineral of interest. Water and power distribution systems together with ancilliary equipment such as pumps and motors are provided as an integral part of the apparatus. The apparatus is therefore self contained and fully operational subject only to connection of external sources of water and power.

Abstract: Process and apparatus are provided for cleaning chemical pulp by screening, in which the rejects from a first screening stage are rescreened in a second screening stage; the accepts from the second screening stage are separated in a hydrocyclone, and the clean fraction recycled to the first screening stage; the rejects from the second screening stage are beaten in a refiner and screened before or after the refiner; the suspension from the refiner is taken to the screen before the refiner, and the rejects from the screen after the refiner are recycled to the refiner.

Abstract: Process for recovery of elemental phosphorus from waste ponds by dredging the waste pond to obtain an aqueous phosphorus slurry, separating particles larger than 2 mm from the slurry, treating the remaining slurry in an initial hydrocyclone and removing an overflow of solids larger than 500 micrometers, treating the underflow from the initial hydrocyclones in smaller diameter hydrocyclones, removing a second overflow enriched in slimes and diminished in phosphorus, removing a second underflow enriched in phosphorus and diminished in slimes and heating it sufficiently to melt the phosphorus therein, treating the heated second underflow in a centrifugal separator, and separating and recovering a stream of coalesced phosphorus from a heavy fraction of impurities.

Abstract: An elutriation apparatus which combines pressurized liquid jets and the low energy air bubble flotation for the separation is described. A manifolded set of multiple apparatus which increases operator efficiency is described. Quantitative separation of roots is achieved by the apparatus by a closed system of mechanical separations using water and air to isolate and deposit roots on a sieve submerged in the water. The method provides a rapid, quantitative and inexpensive method for measuring plant root responses to soil biological, chemical, and physical conditions.

Abstract: A process is provided for the removal from paper pulp of impurities, the pulp being contained in a pulping machine. Some of the pulp is periodically transferred into an enclosed chamber annexed to the pulping machine, the chamber having a volume which is small compared to the volume of the pulping machine. The pulp in the chamber is stirred and separated by a rotor, and fibre suspension is returned to the pulping machine, dilution water being introduced into this chamber. The chamber is emptied and impurities thereafter discharged.