Abstract: A system and method for manipulating magnetic particles in a solution to separate nucleic acid molecules from cell components in a cell solution. The system and method employ a device capable of receiving a plurality of tubes, each of which contain respective sample and paramagnetic particles. The device includes heating and cooling devices to facilitate a lysing step to release the nucleic acid molecules from the cells in the cell solution. The device further includes moveable magnets which can be moved proximate to and away from the tube to hold the paramagnetic particles to which the nucleic acid molecules become bound, so that the molecule-bound particles can be separated from the remainder of the solution, and washed as appropriate. The system also employs an electromagnet which is capable of demagnetizing the particles to allow the particles to freely mix with solution, such as elution solutions which are used to unbind the molecules from the particles.

Abstract: A multi-mass filter for separating particles according to their mass-charge ratio includes a chamber for receiving a multi-species plasma that includes particles therein having different mass-charge ratios (with M1<M2<M3). Inside the chamber, which defines an axis, a radial electric field is crossed with a magnetic field (E≦B) to move the particles (M1, M2 and M3) on respective trajectories into respective first, second and third regions. For one embodiment, the filter is configured so that az2Bz is held constant in the expression for cut-off mass, Mcz=eaz2Bz2/(8Vctr). For this embodiment, only the heavier particles M3 are ejected into the third region (M3>Mc3) and only the intermediate particles M2 are ejected into the second region (M2>Mc2). In another embodiment, the radial electrical field is increased outwardly from the axis to a radial distance a2 (r2) at a first rate.

Abstract: To separate light organic fractions from waste which has undergone pretreatment consisting of precomminution, ferrous-metal separation, postcomminution, further ferrous-metal separation, drying and nonferrous-metal separation, multiple, preferably so-called zigzag air classifiers are arranged in cascading stages and are passed through sequentially by the material stream to be separated. The upward-stream speed of the air is adjusted in stages in the individual air classifiers such that the first air classifier receives the smallest and the last air-classifier the highest air speed. As a result, first the fine, then the medium and lastly the large organic light fractions are discharged to the top in sequence from each air-classifier stage. The separated organic light fractions represent fuel components of high calorific value. The remaining bottom-discharge from the air classifier group consists of a mixture of heavy organic fractions and minerals.

Abstract: A improved process for beneficiating kaolin clays to remove discoloring impurities is disclosed. The beneficiation of kaolin clay is improved by fractionating a kaolin clay starting material into a lower brightness first fraction having a majority of the discoloring impurities and a higher brightness second fraction with less impurities. The first fraction is then beneficiated (such as by flotation, selection flocculation, high intensity magnetic separation and/or leaching) to produce a kaolin clay product with improved optical properties. The first and second fractions may be combined to produce a product with improved optical properties.

Abstract: A placer gold separating method includes subjecting placer gold-and gold ore-containing sand and gravel layers accumulated on the bottom of the water of a river and placer gold- and gold ore-containing sand and gravel layers formed deep in the ground to excavation or suction excavation by utilizing a water pressure difference. This causes a mixture of the excavated or suction excavation placer gold- and gold ore-containing sand, gravel and water to flow horizontally by the action of a pressure fluid. The placer gold and gold ores are separated by utilizing a specific gravity difference while the mixture is flowing. A placer gold mining boat used to practice this method is provided thereon with a combination of a suction excavation component, a mixture transfer component, a component for separating placer gold by utilizing a specific gravity difference, and a component for discarding the remaining mixture from which the placer gold has been separated.

Abstract: A process is provided for recovering a saline mineral from an ore containing the saline mineral and impurities. In one aspect, the process generally includes the steps of separating a first portion of impurities from the ore by density separation, electrostatically separating a second portion of impurities from the ore, and magnetically separating a third portion of impurities from the ore. The process can further include the steps of crushing the ore and dividing the crushed ore into a plurality of size fractions before the above-referenced separating steps. In another aspect, the process includes the steps of calcining the ore and subsequently separating a first portion of impurities by density separation. Indirect heating may be utilized for the calcining process and, preferably, calcining gases are recycled and utilized for heating fluidizing another portion of ore. Water vapor may be condensed from the calcining gas and utilized for other purposes.

Abstract: A method and system for recycling construction waste articles is disclosed. In the method and system of this invention, construction waste articles are crushed into primary pieces of not larger than 200 mm in size. The primary pieces are screened into aggregate of not smaller than 40 mm in size and earth and sand. The aggregate is washed in a water tank using a water jetting and aeration effect with any floating materials floating on water. The washed aggregate is separated from water using a screen prior to being crushed into final pieces having sizes of 45-75 mm. The final pieces are divided into standard aggregate of not larger than 25 mm in size and substandard aggregate of larger than 25 mm in size. The substandard aggregate is returned to a cone crusher so as to be recrushed.

Abstract: The invention describes a process and an appliance for separating non-magnetic materials and objects with the use of magnetic fluids. With this invention a restoration of the magnetic fluid adhering to the separated material is made possible, by removing the magnetic liquid still adhering to the separated product both through magnets as well as through water. The magnetic fluid in the separating chambers is constantly monitored as regards volume and concentration via a monitoring installation. An appropriate area of use for the invention is the separation of fragmented materials, the separation of capacitors in capacitators containing polychlorinated biphenylenes (PCB) and PCB-free capacitors. The invention described, moreover, the composition, manufacture and use of environment-friendly diluted magneto-fluids, which can be especially suitable in employment in the separation of non-magnetic materials using the sink-float process in the magnetic field gradient.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for treating drilling mud discharged from a well wherein the mud contains drill cuttings and paramagnetic materials such as hematite. The drilling mud is first passed through a high-gradient magnetic separator to separate the paramagnetic materials from the drilling mud. The drilling mud is then passed through a centrifuge separator to remove the drill cuttings from the drilling mud.

Abstract: A machine for sorting recyclable matter includes a trommel for conducting and screening an input flow of recyclable matter and a magnetic mechanism coupled to the trommel for extracting magnetic material from the input flow while the trommel rotates. The input flow is dropped vertically from the trommel into a positive-pressure air separator which separates the flow into a first material stream including lightweight articles and a second material stream including relatively heavy articles. The heavy articles of the second material stream drop downwardly in the air separator. Padded baffles are provided in the air separator for reducing the downward velocity of the second material stream, which substantially lowers breakage of glass articles.

Abstract: A magnetic ore purification system for enriching magnetic ore concentration in a feed material. The system includes an elutriator, an alternating current magnet, and an ultrasonic separator. The elutriator has a feed port for introducing the feed material into the elutriator and an enriched material port for collecting an enriched material having a magnetic ore concentration that is greater than the feed material. The alternating current magnet generates a uniform low strength magnetic field within the elutriator. The ultrasonic transducer introduces ultrasonic energy into the elutriator.

Abstract: Fine-grained kaolin clays having improved brightness can be produced by (a) using centrifugation to fractionate the clay starting material into finer and coarser fractions, (b) subjecting the coarser fraction to flotation to remove discoloring impurities and (c) combining the finer and floated coarser fractions to produce fine-grained kaolin clays having improved brightness.

Abstract: Fine particle coal is beneficiated in specially designed dense medium cyclones to improve particle acceleration and enhance separation efficiency. Raw coal feed is first sized to remove fine coal particles. The coarse fraction is then separated into clean coal, middlings, and refuse. Middlings are comminuted for beneficiation with the fine fraction. The fine fraction is deslimed in a countercurrent cyclone circuit and then separated as multiple fractions of different size specifications in dense medium cyclones. The dense medium contains ultra-fine magnetite particles of a narrow size distribution which aid separation and improves magnetite recovery. Magnetite is recovered from each separated fraction independently, with non-magnetic effluent water from one fraction diluting feed to a smaller-size fraction, and improving both overall coal and magnetite recovery.

Abstract: A machine for sorting recyclable matter includes a trommel for conducting and screening an input flow of recyclable matter and a magnetic mechanism coupled to the trommel for extracting magnetic material from the input flow while the trommel rotates. The input flow is dropped vertically from the trommel into a positive-pressure air separator which separates the flow into a first material stream including lightweight articles and a second material stream including relatively heavy articles. The heavy articles of the second material stream drop downwardly in the air separator. Padded baffles are provided in the air separator for reducing the downward velocity of the second material stream, which substantially lowers breakage of glass articles.

Abstract: A method for beneficiating a low brightness fine particle size discolored kaolin crude to produce a high brightness coating clay. By combining the two beneficiating techniques of selective flocculation and ozonation, a synergistic phenomena occurs and a clay product of superior brightness and whiteness can be obtained from fine discolored clays that cannot be achieved by beneficiation with either process singularly. By passing the flocced clay through ozonation, the flocculant polymer left in the clay can be completely destroyed.

Abstract: A low brightness pigment and method is provided from a heretofore rejected waste kaolin stream. Kaolin processing rejects are high in iron-stained TiO.sub.2. After separating the stained TiO.sub.2 from the high brightness kaolin and concentrating the resulting fraction, the material can be processed to produce a low brightness pigment suitable of many applications where lower brightness is desirable, such as coating paper board without mottling.

Abstract: A machine for sorting recyclable matter includes a trommel for conducting and screening an input flow of recyclable matter and a magnetic mechanism coupled to the trommel for extracting magnetic material from the input flow while the trommel rotates. The input flow is dropped vertically from the trommel into a positive-pressure air separator which separates the flow into a first material stream including lightweight articles and a second material stream including relatively heavy articles. The heavy articles of the second material stream drop downwardly in the air separator. Padded baffles are provided in the air separator for reducing the downward velocity of the second material stream, which substantially lowers breakage of glass articles.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for processing scraps by separating and recovering various nonferrous metals from a mixture of scraps comprising nonferrous metals and nonmetals, wherein scraps which have been crushed and cleared of magnetic substance parted from long-size material and washed out of the adhering fine dust and oily substance, and separated into light and heavy materials based on the difference in the specific gravity thereof by use of a heavy liquid made up of water and magnetic powder body and by the effect of an upward flow of the heavy liquid which increases its own apparent specific gravity; the separated light material is further sorted into nonferrous metals and nonmetals based on the difference in the electric conductivity thereof by the application of a moving magnetic field thereto, being recovered as resources.

Abstract: A process for preparing a high brightness, low abrasion calcined kaolin. A cretaceous crude is wet beneficiated by subjecting same as an aqueous slurry to degritting, classification, magnetic separation, and scrub grinding. The slurry from the foregoing is diluted to less than 15% solids and subjected while well dispersed to a separation in a centrifuge to yield an underflow and an overflow fine fraction having less than 5% solids and a P.S.D. such that at least 85% by weight are of <0.5 .mu.m E.S.D. and at least 30% by weight are of <0.25 .mu.m E.S.D. The overflow fine fraction slurry of dispersed kaolin is subjected to a partial filtration by passing same in cross flow relation to a microporous membrane through which substantially none of the suspended kaolin particles pass, to raise the solids content of the said slurry to at least 20%.

Abstract: A process for producing intermediate grade manganese concentrate from low grade manganiferous ores is disclosed. A low grade manganiferous ore containing silicon, iron, between 1 and 20 per cent manganese and oxides of silicon, iron and manganese is first crushed to reduce the size of the manganiferous ore to a fraction of its original size. The crushed manganiferous ore is then heated to a temperature sufficient to chemically transform the manganese and iron in the manganiferous ore to an artificial magnetic, manganese-iron spinel. The heat treated manganiferous ore is cooled, preferably by air, and then beneficiated by further crushing and grinding to liberate the artificial manganese iron spinel from the silicon and other oxides within the ore. Finally, the artificial manganese-iron spinel is magnetically separated from the silicon and other oxides within the ore to increase the concentration of the manganese and thereby provide an intermediate grade manganese concentrate.

Abstract: A sorting apparatus for a solid waste sorting system has a first set of three belt conveyors, for conveying solid waste at a first speed, and a second set of three belt conveyors, each of the latter disposed with one end connected to the downstream end of a corresponding one of the first three belt conveyors, for conveying solid waste at a second speed which is greater than the first speed. The first three belt conveyors extend transversely into a feed-out path of a storage section in such a way that the conveyor lying successively furthest away from the storage section along the feed-out path is of successively longest upstream-end extension. The solid waste is sorted manually on the second set of three belt conveyors and is then supplied to a draft-sorting machine.

Abstract: A magnetic separator made up of a drum bearing a plurality of stacked spaced rings each having a U-shaped cross section in the form of an arc outwardly facing channels. An upper set of magnets and a lower set of magnets supported on the separator frame and extending into the channels and matrix module are supported on the rings in spaces between the rings. A mixture of magnetic and non-magnetic material is fed onto the matrix modules and first upper nozzles spray water on the matrix modules as the matrix modules pass between the upper magnets thereby flushing non-magnetic material. The second upper nozzles spray water on the matrix modules as the modules move away from the upper magnets so that magnetic material is flushed from the matrix modules and falls into the non-magnetic hopper.

Abstract: A method which enables economical and highly effective preparation of refined kaolin clay products having preselected particle size distributions and brightnesses, by means of separate, efficient and economical processing of at least two crude components. A fine particle size kaolin crude having a PSD such that at least 85% by weight of the particles are of less than 2 micrometers ESD is wet beneficiated to provide a first product component having a PSD of at least 95% by weight less than 2 micrometers and a brightness of at least 89 on the G.E. scale. This wet beneficiation is conducted without use of a froth flotation step. A coarse particle size kaolin crude having a PSD such that less than 85% by weight of particles are of less than 2 micrometers ESD, is separately wet beneficiated to produce a second product component having a PSD of no more than 85% by weight less than 2 micrometers and a brightness of at least 89 on the G.E. scale.

Abstract: An ASR separation and recycling system which permits the separation of ASR into many constituent components for recycling or reuse. Among the products recovered are steel, stainless steel, copper, aluminum, other non-ferrous metals, fine magnetic fraction (iron oxide product), clean grit, polyurethane foam, various plastics, fibers and rubber. The ASR separation and recycling system comprises four major components. The first is initial size and separation of ASR into three separate fractions. The second component comprises a grit processing subsystem. The third component is a rubber and plastics recovery subsystem and the fourth component is a polyurethane foam separation and cleaning subsystem.

Abstract: Optimized utilization of combinations of fluid catalyst magnetic separator, classifier, and/or attriter can be used to achieve lower catalyst cost, and better catalyst activity and selectivity through control of metal-on-catalyst, particle size and particle size distribution. This process is especially useful when processing high metal-containing feedstocks. This provides a catalyst recovery unit (RCU.TM.) ancillary to an FCC or similar unit.

Abstract: A low brightness pigment and method is provided from a heretofore rejected waste kaolin stream. Kaolin processing rejects are high in iron-stained TiO.sub.2. After separating the stained TiO.sub.2 from the high brightness kaolin and concentrating the resulting fraction, the material can be processed to produce a low brightness pigment suitable of many applications where lower brightness is desirable, such as coating paper board without mottling.

Abstract: Fine particle coal is beneficiated in specially designed dense medium cyclones to improve particle acceleration and enhance separation efficiency. Raw coal feed is first sized to remove fine coal particles. The coarse fraction is then separated into clean coal, middlings, and refuse. Middlings are comminuted for beneficiation with the fine fraction. The fine fraction is deslimed in a countercurrent cyclone circuit and then separated as multiple fractions of different size specifications in dense medium cyclones. The dense medium contains ultra-fine magnetite particles of a narrow size distribution which aid separation and improves magnetite recovery. Magnetite is recovered from each separated fraction independently, with non-magnetic effluent water from one fraction diluting feed to a smaller-size fraction, and improving both overall coal and magnetite recovery.

Abstract: A method for processing wastes from the machining of ferromagnetic materials in which the wastes are mixed with a washing solution in a first tank and oil or oil-and-water emulsion adhering to the wastes is dissolved. Ferromagnetic components of the wastes are then separated from the washing solution in the first tank by means of a magnetic field, and non-magnetic components are then subjected to a washing in a following second tank. The ferromagnetic components are fed to an additional tank where they are washed again. The separated and degreased components are then filtered out of the washing liquids using suitable filtering apparatus.

Abstract: Method for processing vegetable, fruit and garden waste, indicated as VFG-waste, in which, after a pre-sorting has taken place, the waste (3) is brought into a washing-separating device (4), in which, with the help of water, the waste is separated into a coarse organic fraction (6) which is composted and into a residual fraction (7). The coarse fraction contains particles larger than 2 up to 4 mm. The residual fraction (7) is separated into an inert fraction (11) for recovering sand (13) therefrom, and into a fraction (15) consisting of liquid containing a fine organic fraction (17) and substances dissolved and colloidally divided in the liquid. The fraction (15), obtained from the residual fraction (7) after removing the inert fraction (11) therefrom, is subjected to an anaerobic stabilization.

Abstract: The invention provides an apparatus and method for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition comprising a complex of an antigen component and the corresponding antibody component in a pharmacologically acceptable carrier. The apparatus comprises a housing chamber for containing paramagnetic particles and a platform against which the housing chamber is releasably retained. The platform contains one or more magnets located adjacent to the housing chamber when the housing chamber is positioned on the platform. The platform is secured to a support which allows the platform, and thus the housing chamber, to be rotated between a vertical and a horizontal position.

Abstract: A method for beneficiating a kaolin clay which includes quantities of smectite contaminants to reduce the low and high shear viscosities of high solids aqueous slurries of the kaolin. The smectite is converted into a pillared clay by intercalating it with a polymeric cationic hydroxy metal complex wherein the metal is ferromagnetic or diamagnetic. The kaolin and pillared smectite is then subjected as an aqueous slurry to high intensity magnetic separation, to separate the pillared smectite, and the beneficiated kaolin is recovered as product.

Abstract: A machine for sorting recyclable matter includes a trommel for conducting and screening an input flow of recyclable matter and a magnetic mechanism coupled to the trommel for extracting magnetic material from the input flow while the trommel rotates. The input flow is dropped vertically from the trommel into a positive-pressure air separator which separates the flow into a first material stream including lightweight articles and a second material stream including relatively heavy articles. The heavy articles of the second material stream drop downwardly in the air separator. Padded baffles are provided in the air separator for reducing the downward velocity of the second material stream, which substantially lowers breakage of glass articles.

Abstract: Fine particle coal is beneficiated in specially designed dense medium cyclones to improve particle acceleration and enhance separation efficiency. Raw coal feed is first sized to remove fine coal particles. The coarse fraction is then separated into clean coal, middlings, and refuse. Middlings are comminuted for beneficiation with the fine fraction. The fine fraction is deslimed in a countercurrent cyclone circuit and then separated as multiple fractions of different size specifications in dense medium cyclones. The dense medium contains ultra-fine magnetite particles of a narrow size distribution which aid separation and improves magnetite recovery. Magnetite is recovered from each separated fraction independently, with non-magnetic effluent water from one fraction diluting feed to a smaller-size fraction, and improving both overall coal and magnetite recovery.

Abstract: Fine particle coal is beneficiated in specially designed dense medium cyclones to improve particle acceleration and enhance separation efficiency. Raw coal feed is first sized to remove fine coal particles. The coarse fraction is then separated into clean coal, middlings, and refuse. Middlings are comminuted for beneficiation with the fine fraction. The fine fraction is deslimed in a countercurrent cyclone circuit and then separated as multiple fractions of different size specifications in dense medium cyclones. The dense medium contains ultra-fine magnetite particles of a narrow size distribution which aid separation and improves magnetite recovery. Magnetite is recovered from each separated fraction independently, with non-magnetic effluent water from one fraction diluting feed to a smaller-size fraction, and improving both overall coal and magnetite recovery.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for separation and recovery of used abrasive blasting material having intrained contaminate recovered from a work site. The intrained contaminates are removed by a self-contained multi-step separation process using magnetic vibratory and airwash separating apparatus including static neutralization interconnected by transfer apparatus and storage bins.

Abstract: A material transfer system for loading lightweight granular plastic material into injection molding machines and the like includes a reservoir sight glass assembly connected to the associated machine and a lightweight pressure relief chamber attached to the reservoir sight glass assembly, both connections being by quick disconnect devices. The reservoir sight glass assembly includes, a sensor which responds to the level of material in the sight glass and a magnet assembly which traps ferrous contaminates and prevents their entering the machine. The flow of material to the pressure relief chamber is controlled by the sensor which turns a regulated source of compressed air on or off depending upon the level of material in the sight glass. The air source is connected to an accelerator and vortex unit which is, in turn, connected to a source of the material.

Abstract: A wet process for the beneficiation of a fly ash by-product has the following steps: a) forming a slurry mixture of a fly ash material and a liquid; b) gravitationally separating and collecting a first material fraction of the fly ash having a density less than the liquid by skimming off floating slurry material; c) separating a first magnetic fraction from the slurry by subjecting the slurry to a magnetic field of from about 300 gauss to about 10 kilogauss; d) separating the unburned carbon from the remaining slurry components by adding an effective amount of an oil having a carbon chain greater than octane, and a frothing agent whereby the oil coats the unburned carbon forming hydrophobic carbon materials and inducing air into the system for frothing the slurry mixture wherein the hydrophobic unburned carbon froths to the surface and is removed by skimming off the frothing layer; and e) collecting the remaining fraction of silicate spheres and silicates.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for the separation of particles in either a liquid or gas stream is provided. The fluid stream is directed in a swirl-flow pattern to develop thereby centrifugal forces on the stream. Optionally, magnetic and/or electrical fields may be applied to the system to enhance separation of the particles. Air sparging may also be employed to further enhance the separation of hydrophilic particles from hydrophobic particles in a liquid system. Optionally, the swirl-flow pattern may exit the downstream end of the separator where a stream splitter is employed to split the swirl-flow pattern stream which splays outwardly at the outlet in two or more streams which carry desired particles to be recovered.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for separating bark from gravel including first and second conveyors disposed within a trough having a first zone and a second zone maintained preferably at different liquid levels by virtue of a partition dam to provide cleansing of the bark and the gravel so that these substances have commercial vitality apart from each other.

Abstract: A process for improving the concentration of non-magnetic heavy minerals using a gravity-magnetic type separator, by the addition of a magnetic mineral or phase, such as magnetite, ilmenite, or iron filings, to the feed slurry. The addition of the magnetic material prior to feeding the gravity-magnetic separator results in an increase in the recovery of the non-magnetic heavy minerals in the feed, such as rutile, zircon, gold, tin, tungsten, etc.

Abstract: A material separator that magnetically separates the desired material from a slurry as the slurry travels along one or more passageways between a hopper and a discharge chute. Riffle lines can also be incorporated in such passageways to increase the separation capabilities of the material separator. Additionally, as the need arises, more or fewer passageways can be added or removed to adjust the collection efficiency of the material separator.

Abstract: An apparatus and a process for separating particles in a slurry based on different physical, magnetic and/or chemical properties of the particles, the slurry including a mixture of solid particles and/or liqid particles which are immiscible in the slurry.

Abstract: A purification apparatus for superconductor fine particles is provided which comprises a device for forming a flow of powder containing the superconductor fine particles, and device for applying a magnetic field to the flow of the powder.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing high brightness kaolin from ore containing silica, other types of clays, minerals such as ilmenite micas, feldspars and various metal silicates as well as organic matter. The process consists of sizing, a double floatation step, magnetic separation, leaching and oxidative brightening steps. This is a novel combination of conventional unit operations and in particular the use of a double floatation step to remove quartz and various trace minerals that interfere with achieving high optical brightness for kaolin.

Abstract: A wet process for the beneficiation of a fly ash by-product has the following steps: a) forming a slurry mixture of a fly ash material and a liquid; b) gravitationally separating and collecting a first material fraction of the fly ash having a density less than the liquid by skimming off floating slurry material; c) separating a first magnetic fraction from the slurry by subjecting the slurry to a magnetic field of from about 300 gauss to about 10 kilogauss; d) separating the unburned carbon from the remaining slurry components by adding an effective amount of an oil having a carbon chain greater than octane, and a frothing agent whereby the oil coats the unburned carbon forming hydrophobic carbon materials and inducing air into the system for frothing the slurry mixture wherein the hydrophobic unburned carbon froths to the surface and is removed by skimming off the frothing layer; and e) collecting the remaining fraction of silicate spheres and silicates.

Abstract: The impurity laden particulate material to be cleaned by a gravity feed deduster is passed through a magnetic field of varying intensity to neutralize the static charge causing the impurities to adhere to the primary product. The material is then subjected to air flows to separate the neutralized debris from the primary product. The air flows can be of high velocity and can be either pressurized air or vacuum induced. The cleaned product is collected and the contaminated air is treated to recover the debris therefrom.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method of effecting the separation of paramagnetic particles from non-paramagnetic particles in the fine and finest particle size ranges of approximately below 1 mm suspended in a fluid medium by the passage of the fluid medium through an apparatus having a separation channel suitable for containing a flow of the fluid medium flowing therethrough and which includes at least two exits suitable for separating the paramagnetic particle enriched fluid medium from the paramagnetic particles depleted fluid medium into two product streams, the separation channel defining the direction of the fluid medium flow being at least partially paralleledly oriented with respect to a magnetic induction member such that the magnetic flux exerted upon the paramagnetic particles within the fluid medium flow are repulsed from the induction member and entrained within the fluid medium to countereffect the effect of inertial forces or gravitational forces on the fluid flow, and separated from the non-paramagnetic

Abstract: A mineral separator system providing for the removal of conductor and semiconductor materials from a pulp fluid containing nonconducting materials. Pairs of spaced magnet assemblies provide alternate or successive magnetic fields obliquely across a separation chamber through which the pulp fluid flows. Eddy currents set up in the conductors cause the conductor particles to migrate to a wall in accordance with the orientation of the magnetic field. Electrical stimulation of the semiconductors through the pulp fluid causes the semiconductors to have eddy currents induced therein.

Abstract: An apparatus for sorting recyclable materials including an inlet conveyor with a magnetic pulleys that directs magnetic objects out of the flow of recyclable materials. A vacuum inlet is positioned adjacent a stepped region of the conveyor so as to pull lighter weight materials out of the material flow. A size sorting conveyor separates larger objects from the smaller lighter weight objects, and heavier objects such as glass are conveyed to still another collecting region.

Abstract: A magnetic separator to separate fine particles or ferrosilicon of magnetite from water. A drum is provided which rotates counter to flow of water past the drum. Magnets are provided within the drum to attract magnetite or ferrosilicon in the water to the drum.