Abstract: A method and process for the treatment of liquids, comprising moving at least one injection wand into a tank containing the liquid to be treated, wherein the angle between the injection wand and the tank bottom or the angle between the injection wand and the wall of the tank can be altered, and injecting a treating solution through the injection wand to increase the reaction mixing between the injected treating solution and the liquid being treated.

Abstract: Apparatus for breaking or separating a liquid mixture or emulsion having two or more components. The apparatus includes a closed vessel having one or more sequentially connected filtering compartments holding a filtering element such as a membrane assembly capable of achieving a multi-stage pervaporation to separate out a vaporous component of the solution. The apparatus further includes a bypass facility which interconnects adjacent filtering compartments. To compensate for the loss of heat energy during the vaporization segments, the residual liquid solution is bypassed into a second vaporization phase, the bypass facility including heating means for maintaining the residual solution of a predetermined liquid temperature prior to its entering the second or subsequent filtering phase.

Abstract: Apparatus and process for pathogen reduction in waste where dewatered sludge having a solids content in the range of 10-60% is mixed with a selected alkaline additive selected from the group consisting of calcium oxide or calcium carbonate group. Hydration to calcium hydroxide occurs with an attendant release of heat. The pH of the sludge is then elevated and the heat of the hydration reaction is retained. Supplemental heat is added to the sludge, either to preheat the sludge prior to mixing it, or while mixing it, or both, such that effective neutralization of pathogens results. The supplemental heat is added by indirectly heating the sludge by heat generated by electric elements carried either in the mixing member, or by the chamber, or both, with electric power being supplied from outside the chamber.

Abstract: A marine vessel waste treatment system includes a tank for receiving successive charges of liquid and solid waste material. A water conduit conducts heated water from the vessel's engine through the tank to heat the contents thereof above the level at which coliform bacteria can survive, thereby reducing the count of such bacteria to a level at which it is safe and acceptable to discharge the material into a waterway. A macerator pump is mounted in the tank for operation only after the temperature within the tank is sufficiently high. An electrically operated heating element is also mounted in the tank to accelerate the treatment of waste and can be used alone when desired. A thermal switch at the waste material input inhibits discharge if a fresh charge of material is received when the system is ready to discharge, thereby preventing discharge into the environment of untreated material.

Abstract: An automatic grease interceptor for separating grease, fats and oils from wastewater is disclosed. The interceptor includes an interceptor chamber having an inlet, an outlet chamber with an outlet and a removable baffle positioned within the interceptor chamber. A grease removal device is attached to the interceptor chamber for removing accumulated grease from the interceptor chamber. A grease level sensor is positioned within the interceptor chamber at a first threshold level, wherein an indication of grease at the first threshold level by the first grease level sensor will activate the grease removal mechanism to thereby automatically remove grease from the interceptor chamber.

Abstract: An automatic system to precisely maintain bactericidal action in a reservoir of water equipped with a recirculation system, such as a swimming pool, decorative fountain, spa, cooling water reservoir or the like. The automatic system includes: a service loop which bypasses a portion of the recirculating water past sensors which measure the pH and oxygen reduction potential (ORP) of the water and in which acid and halogen are injected by a chemical feed unit; an electronics unit for determining the injection quantity of the acid and/or halogen needed to restore pH and ORP to stored set-points, and for controlling the chemical feed unit in response to the injection time determination; and an optional telecommunication unit for reporting process control status to a remote location and allowing modification of the process parameters, selection of operating modes, and performance of diagnostic tests from the remote location.

Abstract: The apparatus (1) for wet oxidation is pre-assembled with its individual units, namely a high-pressure pump (2), a heat exchanger (3), a reactor (4) for the actual wet oxidation and a compressor (5) for feeding an oxygen/gas mixture, in one or two supporting flames and is accommodated in such a manner that its dimensions and its overall weight allow it to be transported on a road and/or rail vehicle, there advantageously being provided two such supporting flames in the form of standard containers (8 and 9), of which one may contain the reactor (4), divided into individual tube sections (6), and the heat exchanger (3), and the other may contain the remaining units, so that the entire apparatus can be pre-assembled into virtually operational condition and the two containers simply have to be set up, joined together and connected on site. Wet oxidation can thus be carried out even where relatively small quantities of medium are to be purified.

Abstract: Apparatus is disclosed for maintaining the temperature of waste water entering a grease trap below a preset temperature. The apparatus is useful to prevent grease which has collected in the grease trap from being washed into the sewer system by persons attempting to flush the grease from the trap with hot water. A temperature sensor monitors the temperature of waste water flowing into the grease trap. Cold water is introduced directly into the waste water conduit, upstream of the trap, through a valve controllably coupled to the temperature sensor whenever the temperature of waste water in the waste water conduit exceeds a threshold temperature.

Abstract: An energy efficient water purification system which maintains critical operating temperatures for effective reverse osmosis. The system includes hot and cold water inlets providing a flow of heated feed water, a regeneratable pre-treatment system for treating the heated feed water, a reverse osmosis machine for receiving the flow of pre-treated feed water heated to a given temperature to purify the feed water and discharge impurities in a discharge stream and feed the purified feed water to an outlet for end use, and a valve to control the temperature of the heated feed water entering the pre-treatment system, and an energy conserving apparatus comprising a valve arrangement which interrupts the heated water flow into the pre-treatment system and substitutes fresh unheated feed water during regeneration.

Abstract: An improved apparatus and process for oxidizing industrial spent caustic streams, whereby oxidation of spent caustic occurs in a unitary processing tower with three chambers that cooperate simultaneously to oxidize the caustic in the first chamber; to separate the caustic from the oxidizing gas in the second chamber; and, in the third chamber, to pass gas and cooled caustic through a mass transfer apparatus that cools and cleans the gas and releases the caustic and gas into a gas-liquid separation zone of the upper chamber. An alternative embodiment of the invention involves spatially separating the upper chamber from the other two chambers.

Abstract: Filter devices are useful in hydraulic systems for removing contaminants or foreign particles from the oil in the hydraulic system. One of the problems encountered with such filters is that they are subjected to high pressure drops thereacross when the oil is cold. The subject filter device of one embodiment includes a pump driven by a two-speed electric motor. When the oil temperature is below a predetermined temperature, the pump is driven at a normal speed for increased efficiency and the pressure drop across the filter is within an optimal range. When the temperature of the oil is below a predetermined temperature, the pump is driven at a low speed so that the pressure drop across the filter remains within the optimal range. In another embodiment, an electric motor driving the pump is stopped when the oil temperature is below the predetermined temperature.

Abstract: A portable ultrafiltration device is disclosed comprising a centrifugal pump, membrane filter and an eductor means, arranged at or before the inlet of the centrifugal pump in a recycle loop from the ultrafiltration system and functioning to replenish filterable fluids and increase the efficiency of the centrifugal pump, coupled with means for controlling the device. Provision is also made for an improved feed mixture pick-up assembly comprising a screening means and a reverse fluid flow arrangement which continuously cleans the screen means to prevent fouling of the pick-up assembly, and the combination thereof with an ultrafiltration device.

Abstract: The apparatus for regulating liquid specimen temperature is used to maintain the liquid temperature of a sample constant in order to maintain a specific reaction state of the sample in an apparatus for analyzing samples, such as a blood analyzing apparatus. In this apparatus, a main body is included which is made of ceramics comprised mainly of silicon carbide high in thermal efficiency and excellent in chemical resistance. A liquid inlet is disposed at one end of a passage passing through the main body, which is used for heating. Preferably, the liquid inlet is opened toward the passage inner wall, and a liquid separating member for moving the liquid as it flows into the passage is disposed in the passage. When the liquid separating member is installed in the passage, the incoming liquid, not controlled in temperature, and the liquid leaving the passage already controlled in temperature may be separated, so that liquid control precision may be enhanced.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved apparatus and method for initiating and sustaining an oxidation reaction. A fuel, such as natural gas or hazardous waste, is introduced into a reaction zone within a pressurized containment vessel. A permeable liner is placed within the containment vessel and around the reaction zone. An oxidizer, preferably oxygen, is mixed with a carrier fluid, such as water, and the mixture is heated and pressurized to supercritical conditions of temperature and pressure. The supercritical oxidizer-carrier mix is introduced to the reaction zone gradually and uniformly, over a comparatively large area, by forcing it radially inward through the permeable liner and toward the reaction zone. A means and method for cooling the exhausted by-products and using them as a cleansing rinse are disclosed.

Abstract: The feature of the present invention resides in that when a polyelectrolyte coagulant is added to sludge to dewater the sludge in a sewage treatment plant, the dosage level of the polyelectrolyte coagulant to be to the sludge is controlled most properly, whereby moisture content of dewatered cake can be minimized.

Abstract: A method of and a system for monitoring circulating water systems for conditions susceptible to deposition of a variety of scaling deposits. The invention includes presenting upset conditions at a surface area in the circulating water stream, or in a sidestream in a conduit connected to the main circulating water system, and closely monitoring either heat transfer rate or heat transfer resistance at the water contact surface adjacent the area of upset. When conditions for scaling are present, the upset conditions tend to cause formation of scale deposits at the upset area before the scaling occurs in the main circulating water stream, permitting countermeasures to be taken which inhibit scaling. In the specific case of boilers, heat exchangers or cooling towers, CaCO.sub.3 scaling is monitored at an area where the upset conditions are present, the upset conditions are an increase in the heat transfer rate. The solubility of CaCO.sub.

Abstract: The water remediation and purification apparatus includes a cavitation nozzle which is operated with a throat size and pressure drop to incur cavitation in the water. The explosive and implosive bubble growth and collapse produces free radicals which interact with contaminants in the water to oxidize the contaminants. The cavitation process is enhanced by (1) a variable throat nozzle, (2) recycling the product back through the nozzle for further oxidation, and (3) programmable control feedback. Subsequent ultraviolet radiation from high energy lamps, ion exchange and/or degassifying treatment can be employed to produce water quality within acceptable levels.

Abstract: A filter assembly for fluids such as air and water employs a cleanable filter. The filter is located within a housing having a reservoir, and a steam generator which can be selectively operated to clean the filter.

Abstract: A system and process are provided for treatment of cyanide-containing waste to form a substantially detoxified reaction product. The system comprises a reaction vessel, a heat exchange conduit extending through the reaction vessel to provide a flow path for heat exchange fluid, a heating loop for circulating heat exchange fluid through the heat exchange conduit at a temperature sufficient to initiate hydrolysis of cyanides in cyanide-containing waste to form the substantially detoxified reaction product, a cooling loop for circulating heat exchange fluid through the heat exchange conduit at a temperature sufficient to cool the substantially detoxified reaction product to a discharge temperature, and an apparatus for diverting flow of heat exchange fluid from the heating loop to the cooling loop.

Abstract: The concentration of amorphous silica in an aqueous solution is monitored to determine a concentration above which silica will precipitate. The precipitation concentration is data processed with a means for data processing by solving the Setchnow equation for aqueous solutions containing silica. The means for data processing generates a signal that, if need be, can be used to automatically adjust the parameters of the system to prevent silica precipitation or to carefully control the precipitation rate. An alternative embodiment provides a method for determining amorphous silica concentration, then data processing the solution to the Setchnow equation, generating a signal, and adjusting the parameters of the system. The apparatus and method of this invention are particularly useful in geothermal power plants.

Abstract: A waste water treatment equipment adapted to treat, with high removal performance at all times, waste water drained from various sources such as sewage containing solid wastes left after crushing garbage sent out from cooking room, home kitchen, etc. The equipment is provided with a pretreatment device in which chemical is supplied to a treatment tank so as to accellerate decomposition of the solid waste left after crushing garbage by fermentation and putrefaction, and digestion of the solid wastes and water pollution materials by anaerobic bacteria. The sewage pretreated in the pretreatment device is introduced in a sewage treatment device in which sewage is caused to flow in a plurality of sewage treament tanks sequentially in order, and the pollution materials such as BOD, COD, etc. in the sewage are subject to oxidation decomposition and removal by activated sludge process beds of specific configuration in which arrangement of activated sludge varies for each tank.

Abstract: A device and a related method are provided for reclaiming or recovering dry cleaning solvent from otherwise disposable fluid contained within a separator or other suitable receptacle of a dry cleaning machine. The device includes an evaporator and a fluid transfer mechanism for transporting fluid evaporated by the evaporator through a filter that removes substantially all of the solvent present within the evaporated fluid. Alternatively, a filter can be interposed between the separator or other suitable receptacle and the evaporator so that solvent is filtered before reaching the evaporator. Consequently, the device substantially reclaims or recovers dry cleaning solvent that may still be present within the fluid that is to be otherwise disposed of from the separator or other suitable receptacle.

Abstract: A pretreating plastic waste device including a tank containing a liquid to which the plastic waste is introduced, a washing pump, a dripping drum, and a dewatering device comprising a press-screw adapted for separating the washed waste from the washing liquid and a drying drum fed by a hot air blower, and a filtration vat. A programmable controller receiving signals from various level and temperature sensors and various working parameters allows total control, at all stages, of the waste pretreatment cycle. The programmable controller is associated with a screen for displaying error messages and a control desk for allowing direct selective intervention at the level of the concerned elements.

Abstract: A water generating device for obtaining portable water from ambient air inside or outside a structure or dwelling. There is an air filter for filtering the air prior to processing of the air. The air filter may include a one-time sensing element which renders it unusable when removed from the generator. A condenser is provided for extracting water vapor in the air. Between the condenser and the collection point, there is an immediate temporary holding reservoir, or plumbing to this reservoir, which contains an ultraviolet light to kill existing microorganisms, as well as a pump to transport the water through a subsequent water filter, a second exposure to ultraviolet light, and ultimately, at the final discharge point to the internal or external water storage unit there may be another ultraviolet light that creates a sterile outlet from the primary system. The water filter may also include a one-time sensing element which renders it unusable when removed.

Abstract: A device that reclaims industrial fluids. Solid contaminants are removed from the liquid being reclaimed by a series of increasingly fine filter elements positioned within a filter housing. The substantially solid contaminant-free fluid then enters an evaporation chamber having a design that constrains the fluid to form a thin film atop an evaporation plate at the bottom of the chamber to facilitate evaporation of volatile contaminants. Insert members are positioned within the evaporation chamber to increase the surface area of the thin film to further enhance the removal of the volatile contaminants. The temperature and pressure of the evaporation chamber is controlled by a heating element that is under the control of a temperature sensor. Evaporated volatile contaminants escape the evaporation chamber through a port formed in the head that closes the device. Latches are used to secure the head in the absence of conventional nuts and bolts, and the head screw threadedly engages the evaporation plate.

Abstract: An apparatus for coagulating treatment which is capable of controlling the amount of addition of a coagulant to the optimum level thereby minimizing the water content of the dehydrated cake comprises coagulant adding devices (6), (7), and (8) for causing the coagulant to be added in a variable amount to a liquid subjected to the coagulating treatment, a heat transfer detecting meter (12) disposed so as to contact the liquid to which the coagulant is to be added, the liquid to which the coagulant has been added, or the filtrate from the liquid to which the coagulant has been added and adapted to detect a feeble change in the physical property of the liquid in the form of a change in voltage, and a control device (16) for controlling the amount of addition of the coagulant in the coagulant adding device (8) so that the value of detection of the heat transfer detecting meter (12) is minimized or kept within a desired range.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved continuous countercurrent chromatography apparatus. The invention further relates to an improved method of countercurrent chromatography comprises filling a separation column with a first solvent, introducing into the column a sample solute to be separated, continuously pumping a second solvent into the column, the second solvent being substantially immiscible with the first solvent, maintaining the solvent flowing out of the column at a temperature effective to avoid clouding thereof, spectrophotometrically monitoring the temperature-maintained separating fractions flowing out of the column, and applying back-pressure to the solvent flowing into and out of the monitor.

Abstract: A water purifying cartridge including a double structure container having an outer container and an inner cylinder disposed within the outer container, an inlet port for flowing water into an external space defined by the outer container and the inner cylinder, and an outlet port for discharging water from the internal space formed within the inner cylinder, the external space and the internal space communicating with each other through a water channel formed in the inner cylinder and separated by a filter, the external space being filled with activated carbon and the internal space being loaded with separation- and filtration membranes, whereby water flowed into the external space from the raw water supplying portion via the inlet port being arranged to pass through the activated carbon, then introduced into the internal space via the water channel, then purified during the passage through the separation- and filtration membranes, and then discharged from the purified water outlet portion via the outlet port

Abstract: The invention discloses an apparatus and process for destroying pathogens and dehydrating streams of waste in one, continous process. More particularly, the invention contains an auger with specially modified, variably angled blades which agitates a stream of waste. Also, contained in tandem with the auger, a series of variably angled infrared radiate elements are positioned above the augar exposing the moving stream of waste to radiation. Thus, as the waste stream is transported along, the auger blades continually expose the waste stream to the radiation, thereby killing the entrapped pathogens and evaporating the insitu water. Further, the auger and infrared radiation heater elements are encased in a sealed trough, thus sealing in the heat being generated by this process. By sealing the trough, the heat provides excess energy to aid in destroying pathogens and evaporating the insitu water contained in the waste stream, until the water content is less than or equal to five per cent (5%) by unit volume.

Abstract: A mobile purification apparatus for purifying oil contaminated with grit, metal particles, water and the like. The apparatus includes a strainer with a filter cartridge for removal of large contaminant particle and a filter apparatus. The filter apparatus including a heater and an upper filter element section with a plurality of filter media layers therein. The filter media layers are supported by a screen and compressed by a biasing spring. A lever is provided for off-loading compression on the filter media layers so a top of the filter apparatus can be removed to allow for cleaning and replacement of the filter media layers.

Abstract: A separator of the present invention includes a lid (12) constituting an inlet duct (4) for conveying diesel fuel to a deflector (6) which imparts a centrifugal velocity thereto inside a centrifuging bowl (8). The centrifuged liquid rises, passes through a filter (18), and leaves via an outlet duct (10). These two ducts are heated by an electrical resistance (16) incorporated in the solid metal of the lid by casting. The lid is provided with fins (24) for heating the diesel oil in the vicinity of the filter. The invention is particularly applicable to feeding fuel to diesel engines in goods vehicles.

Abstract: A method for more selectively removing macromolecules from a plasma solution, whereby plasma containing the macromolecules to be removed is provided and heated to a temperature near or above normal body temperature but below the boiling point of the plasma solution. The heated plasma solution is filtered while at a temperature near or above normal body temperature but below its boiling point with a membrane filter to remove selectively macromolecules from the plasma solution. An apparatus for accomplishing the foregoing is also provided.

Abstract: A water filtering, sterilizing and heating apparatus is provided. The apparatus includes filter tank provided with activated carbon therein, to filter bacteria, miscellaneous impurities and odor in water. The output of the filter is coupled to a microwave oscillator to vibrate and churn the water coming from the filter tank. The water from the microwave oscillator is coupled to an ultraviolet light sterilizing tank having an ultraviolet lamp disposed vertically in the center thereof. A storage tank is provided to receive and store the water coming from the ultraviolet light sterilzing tank. The fluid level in the storage tank is maintained by automatically controlling the passage of water thereto by means of an electromagnetic valve actuated by a micro switch responsive to displacement of a float. The temperature of the stored water being kept at a preset temperature by means of a heater and a temperature sensor.

Abstract: A filter cartridge for treating drinking water to remove a broad range of microorganisms includes a microbiocidal resin layer, a porous activated carbon filter element and a flow controller to assure a minimum effective residence time of water in the filter under varying pressure conditions. The microbiocidal resin preferably comprises a halogenated resin bed which is effective to kill a broad range of bacteria, viruses and protozoan cysts. The five micron carbon filter element removes any particularly resistant cysts which may have survived passage through the resin bed. The filter may also be provided with a scavenger resin downstream of the haogenated resin bed to remove any free halogens from the final effluent. A buffering resin may also be included upstream of the halogenated resin bed to precondition high pH supply water.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a closed-loop filter system for continuously removing a metal hydroxide precipitate from an alkali metal hydroxide solution. The filter system comprises a filter having a filter surface and a plurality of small diameter openings in said surface. The alkali metal hydroxide solution is impacted onto said filter surface, metal hydroxide precipitate agglomerating on said surface. The filter surface openings have an average diameter effective for said agglomerating. Means are provided to remove the agglomerated precipitate from said filter surface, and to separate the agglomerated precipitate from the alkali metal hydroxide solution, the agglomerated precipitate having a particle weight to surface area ratio effective for said separation.

Abstract: To supply a programmed gradient to a high pressure pump for introduction into a column, a mixer, degasser and accumulator communicates with the high pressure pump to supply fluid thereto, having a volume no more than 150 times the chamber volume of the high pressure pump. The mixer, degasser and accumulator includes temperature sensors which sense when the mixer, degasser and accumulator has been emptied to a level where it cannot respond to a demand for fluid from said high pressure pump and provides a signal to a low pressure pump which responds by cycling to again fill the mixer, degasser and accumulator. Upon receiving a demand signal, the low pressure pump fills by drawing fluid from a plurality of fluid sources to compose the gradient being used at that time, with the pump slowing during valve opening and closing so as to avoid cavitation.

Abstract: An apparatus for combining a liquid chromatograph and a mass spectrometer is described. The liquid chromatograph elution solvent is removed and sample particles are carried to the mass spectrometer relatively free of solvent.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for dewatering material, the material having a certain degree of conductivity, the material being introduced into a pressure chamber and simultaneously being compressed as electrical energy is introduced into the material elevating the temperature and driving off the fluid or water in the form of steam through apertures in the pressure chamber, the residence time being a function of the conductivity of the material, the dimensions of the pressure chamber and the electrical energy and pressure directed on the material.

Abstract: A method for more selectively removing macromolecules from a plasma solution, whereby plasma containing the macromolecules to be removed is provided and heated to a temperature near or above normal body temperature but below the boiling point of the plasma solution. The heated plasma solution is filtered while at a temperature near or above normal body temperature but below its boiling point with a membrane filter to remove selectively macromolecules from the plasma solution. An apparatus for accomplishing the foregoing is also provided.

Abstract: An apparatus for heating fuel, especially Diesel fuel and heating oil, that is to be supplied, for example, to a motor or oil burner. Disposed upstream of a fuel filter is a heat exchanger that heats the fuel line. To continuously heat fuel without supplemental energy consumption, the heat exchanger has warm coolant or liquid, for example from the engine, flow through it to heat it up. Disposed on the fuel filter is an electrical heating element that can directly heat the filter space or fuel contained in the filter housing. The heating element can be activated and deactivated in a controlled manner, for example manually, only when needed.

Abstract: A grease trap construction comprising a housing having an inlet to receive waste water containing grease and foreign material and having an outlet. An air conduit having a plurality of outlet ports spaced along its length is located in the lower end of the housing and is connected to a source of air under pressure, so that air will be discharged through the ports into contact with the waste water. The waste water within the housing is heated by an electric heating element which is immersed in the waste water and the heating element is controlled by a thermostat to maintain the temperature of the waste water within a given range. An aqueous composition containing a mixture of enzymes and bacterial spores is introduced into the housing into contact with the waste water.

Abstract: A sludge processing apparatus is provided that includes a processing tank, in which sludge flowing in through a sluge inflow pipe is deposited and processed, a submersible pump disposed in the center of bottom of the processing tank to take in the sludge laid on the bottom of the tank and spout it upward to a liquid surface, a circulation guide plate for circulating the sludge spouted by the submersible pump through the whole tank, a chemical feeder for feeding to the processing tank a selected chemical for promoting activity of anaerobic bacteria carrying out anaerobic digestion, a hot water pipe disposed in the vicinity of the bottom of the processing tank, a heating-and-circulating device for heating a heating medium and circulating it through the hot water pipe, temperature control means for controlling a temperature of sludge in the processing tank to be required value, and a drain pump for pumping supernatant water left after processing of the sludge out of the tank through a drain pipe.

Abstract: A filter centrifuge has a feeler arm which contacts the free surface of the centrifuge contents to signify by the angular displacement of the arm, the thickness of the layer of contents in the filter drum. On the contact surface of the filter arm, at least one sensor is provided which is responsive to a characteristic of the material constructed by the arm for signalling the nature of the material.

Abstract: Gaseous ozone is admixed and stored with water under such conditions that the density of ozone in the water is increased above the normally obtained and held stabily at such levels so that it may be efficiently transported through the processing plant being cleaned. Specifically, the present invention provides for the chilling of the ozone and water carrier to increase density and permit the subsequent increase in temperature to cause propulsion of the water and ozone through the plant to be cleaned in-place.

Abstract: An apparatus for treating blood in an extracorporeal circuit for hemodialysis of hemofiltration and a method for withdrawing heat from blood in an extracorporeal circuit wherein blood is brought into contact along a membrane with a treatment solution which has been heated to a temperature in a source making the treatment of fluid available such that the energy balance of the patient is maintained, the temperature of the source being controlled in that the temperature of the blood emerging from the patient is measured, the temperature value obtained is compared with a predetermined temperature value and on determination of a difference between the two values the source temperature is changed.

Abstract: An aspirator aerator for inducing the flow of atmospheric air at high velocity below the surface of a substance so as to allow oxygen to freely and quickly transfer into the substance. The aerator includes an outer tubular housing having an inner tube disposed therein, one end of the housing being associated with an aspiration mechanism for inducing fluid flow through the aerator, the other end of the housing being associated with a drive for driving the aspiration mechanism. The aerator further including a deicing mechanism disposed between the inner tube and the outer tubular housing for deicing the aerator.The aerator may further be provided with a control circuit for controlling the operation of the drive and deicing mechanism in response to a signal denoting the presence or absence of icing conditions.

Abstract: A waste water treatment system for high temperature hydrolysis of cyanides has a reactor operating at a sufficiently high temperature and pressure to effect hydrolysis of cyanide in the waste waters. A heat exchanger system is provided through which reactor effluent and reactor influent streams flow. The improved waste water treatment system includes a first tube in tube heat exchanger for an influent stream and a second tube in tube heat exchanger for an effluent stream. A heat exchange medium is circulated between the effluent heat exchanger and the influent heat exchanger to cool down the effluent and in turn use the heat to heat up the influent to the reactor. The heat exchangers are arranged such that the influent and effluent streams pass through the tube side of each heat exchanger to minimize clogging of the first and second heat exchangers, while at the same time providing for effective heat exchange in cooling the effluent and heating up the waste waters to be treated.

Abstract: Apparatus for the intensive, controlled production of microorganisms by photosynthesis.This apparatus comprises at least one photobioreactor (6) to be placed on an expanse of water (8), which has first group of flexible tubes (38), which are transparent to light and in which circulates the culture medium and a second group of inflatable tubes (62), disposed and maintained beneath the first group by means of detachable Y-shaped interpolated members (70), which are regularly spaced. At least one two-column carbonator (12) connected to the photobioreactor intake (43) for charging the liquid medium with the CO.sub.2 necessary for photosynthesis is provided. Two degassing means (36) connected to the two ends of the photobioreactor are provided for eliminating the oxygen produced by the microorganisms from the liquid medium. There is at least one expansion tank (2) connected to the photobioreactor (6) for reducing possible volume variations in the photobioreactor (6).

Abstract: Air holding spaces are incorporated into a ring attached by arms to a driveshaft supported on sealed bearings in a vessel containing saline water. Air compressed by a blower or air compressor, powered by external power (i.e. prime mover), is injected into the air holding spaces by injectors. The spaces ascend due to their buoyancy, imparting a rotary motion to the driveshaft. Energy developed is transmitted through the driveshaft to an electric generator powering the system control computer, sensors and valves. Energy is also used to rotate a water pump which draws in saline water and pumps it to a saline water tank at the top of the vessel, where it circulates through an array of water holding tubes of thermally conductive material. Heat generated by the compression of the injected air is conducted to the saline water. This heat and the molecular agitation of the water by the ascending air causes the water molecules at the surface to evaporate into the vapor state.

Abstract: A method and apparatus according to the invention provide for the use of ultraviolet radiation in combination with a magnetic field, whereby improved purification of the aqueous medium is achieved.