Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for the treatment of water and, in particular, an apparatus and method which may be applied to fluids such as grey water to be treated prior to discharge. The invention is intended for particular use on marine vessels such as house boats to treat grey water which at present is discharged untreated.

Abstract: The apparatus for producing a pulsing flow of fluids to a fluid line including a housing having first, second and third passages. The first passage communicates with a source of compressed gas and a first conduit, communicating with a solvent liquid source, and passes through the housing. A narrowed transverse dimension between the conduit and the inner chamber of the housing creates a pulsing delivery of fluids from the gas and liquid sources.

Abstract: Methods and systems for reducing a redox active contaminant in a waste stream in a waste treatment system involve performing a unit process of the waste treatment system by contacting redox active contaminant in the waste stream with oxyhydrogen-rich gas generated on-site by an oxyhydrogen gas generator that implements water dissociation technology. The oxyhydrogen gas generator involves applying a pulsed electrical signal to a series of closely spaced electrodes that are submerged in the waste stream to produce oxyhydrogen-rich gas from a water component of the waste stream. Operation of the oxyhydrogen gas generator in the waste stream may accomplish one or more unit processes for waste treatment, such as oxidation, stripping, floatation, disinfection, conditioning, stabilization, thickening, and dewatering, among others.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an assembly and a method of treating rainwater to produce potable water. A compact and easy-to-install apparatus is achievable as a result of a simple, yet highly effective sanitization method. Rainwater is entrained with a gas, and the entrained rainwater is irradiated with an ultraviolet (UV) light to fully sanitize the rainwater. The UV light is used during the irradiation of the entrained water and is also used to form a gaseous bactericide which is used to entrain the rainwater. None of the disadvantages of the prior art systems apply to any rainwater treatment systems which use this method. All of the connections between the component parts may be already provided for in this rainwater treatment unit, and consequently both installation and maintenance costs will be significantly reduced in comparison to the rainwater treatment systems which are known from the prior art.

Abstract: Fluid purification or treatment apparatus (10) for treating or purifying contaminated liquids such as water which includes at least one upright elongated primary treatment chamber (11) having an inlet (14) for fluid to be treated at an upper end of the chamber (11) such that fluid flows downwardly through the chamber (11) and means (20 or 24) for introducing a sterilizing agent such as ozone or ozone enriched air into a lower end of the chamber (11) for bubbling upwardly through liquid flowing downwardly through the chamber (11), means (16) at the upper end of the chamber (11) for removing waste and an ultraviolet lamp (29) for UV treatment of the liquid, the ultraviolet lamp (29) being located in a separate chamber (12) connected to the primary treatment chamber (11) or within the primary treatment chamber (11). A plurality of chambers (11) and (12) may be provided for multiple treatment of the liquid.

Abstract: A system includes an ion exchange softener fluidly coupled to a wastewater treatment system. The first ion exchange softener may receive a first brine stream from the wastewater treatment system and to remove a plurality of minerals from the first brine stream to generate a second brine stream including the plurality of minerals and a third brine stream. The system also includes a mineral removal system disposed downstream from the ion exchange softener and that may receive the second brine stream and to generate a sodium chloride (NaCl) brine stream and an acid and caustic production system disposed downstream from and fluidly coupled to the mineral removal system. The acid and caustic production system includes a first electrodialysis (ED) system that may receive the NaCl brine stream from the mineral removal system and to generate hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) from the NaCl brine stream.

Abstract: A liquid treatment unit includes: a treatment tank provided with an inlet and an outlet, the treatment tank having a shape that allows a portion of liquid to be retained; a controller that controls supply of liquid into the treatment tank and ejection of liquid from the treatment tank; and a plasma generator generates plasma in the liquid inside the treatment tank. The plasma generator generates plasma while the controller stops supply of liquid and ejection of liquid. After the liquid has been treated, the controller resumes the supply of liquid, and causes the liquid to be ejected from the treatment tank while allowing a portion of the treated liquid to be retained inside the treatment tank.

Abstract: An enclosure 12) supports a water carrying tube (16) through which a flow of water to be sanitized passes. Water carrying tube (16) may be supported at each end by Venturis (24, 26) mounted in ends of a housing (12). One or more ultraviolet lamps (14) extend along tube (16). Air tubes (62a, 62b, 72) are connected to Venturi suction ports (30) or an external use (FIG. 7) and have openings (64) therealong are oriented very close to the ultraviolet lamps (14), with openings (64) facing the ultraviolet tubes (14) in order to draw ozonated air directly from near the surface of the ultraviolet lamps (14). Ultraviolet lamps (14) may be pulsed with high power pulses of a frequency and duration determined by an air flow rate through the air tubes (62a, 62b, 72) in order to maximize ozone production. An external Venturi suction port may also be provided.

Abstract: Disclosed are apparatuses and methods for purifying water. In some embodiments, the apparatuses include a chamber into which liquid to be purified can be delivered, and an ozone generator that generates ozone for mixture with the liquid in the 5 chamber, the ozone generator comprising a surface discharge device that creates ozone from air. In further embodiments, the liquid is atomized into a fine mist and mixed with the ozone to increase the rate of purification.

Abstract: A liquid treatment unit includes: an inlet for supplying liquid; a flow passage tube connected to the inlet, the flow passage tube defining a circulation flow passage along which the liquid supplied from the inlet circulates; a plasma generator generates plasma in the liquid in at least a partial area of the flow passage tube; a distributor, provided midway in the flow passage tube, for distributing a portion of liquid from the liquid flowing through the flow passage tube; and an outlet, connected to the distributor, for ejecting the portion of liquid from the flow passage tube.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of sanitizing drinking water to be dispensed from a water dispenser having a reservoir includes the steps of providing the ozone gas generator that generates an ozone gas stream, transmitting the ozone gas stream from the generator to the water dispenser reservoir, mechanically breaking up the ozone gas stream inside the reservoir to produce ozone gas bubbles, and using the ozone gas bubbles to disinfect water in the reservoir. The ozone gas stream can be mechanically broken up using a pump such as, for example, an impeller type pump.

Abstract: This is a scalable water cleansing system intended for very low technology primitive communities buildable for between $600 and $1,000 of parts. A gravity feed system is contemplated with one or more of an initial filtering stage(s), a settling stage, a UV treatment stage, and an ozonator stage. A stand-alone power system with solar power needing no infrastructure is contemplated to enhance purification. The system can improve the worst of water quality, including for small groups; and under some conditions to end up with clean water of a quality found in developed countries with mature water systems. For water to the site in communities with low precipitation, the water brought in would be emptied into the initial stage of the water cleansing system, and the person who brought the water would draw from the last stage most or all of the amount of water carried in.

Abstract: A low energy water treatment system and method is provided. The system has at least one electrodialysis device that produces partially treated water and a brine byproduct, a softener, and at least one electrodeionization device. The partially treated water stream can be softened by the softener to reduce the likelihood of scale formation and to reduce energy consumption in the electrodeionization device, which produces water having target properties. At least a portion of the energy used by the electrodeionization device can be generated by concentration differences between the brine and seawater streams introduced into compartments thereof. The brine stream can also be used to regenerate the softener.

Abstract: A liquid treatment apparatus for treating water to be treated, according to the present disclosure, includes a treatment tank, a dielectric partition wall dividing inside of the treatment tank into a first space in which the water to be treated is injected, and a second space in which an electrolytic solution is filled, a first electrode at least part of which is arranged in the first space of the treatment tank, a second electrode at least part of which is arranged in the second space of the treatment tank, and a power supply that applies a high-frequency AC voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode.

Abstract: A apparatus for treating ballast water with acrolein which is to be connected to a main ballast water line of a ballast water unit, comprises a reactor device to which acrolein derivate and water is to be fed for generating an aqueous acrolein solution, a branch line which is connected to the main ballast water line for branching off a partial ballast water stream, and a mixing device which is connected to the branch line and an acrolein solution supply line from the reactor device and is designed for diluting the aqueous acrolein solution from the reactor device, and a feed device for supplying the aqueous acrolein solution from the mixing unit to the main ballast water line.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a liquid treatment device and a liquid treatment method each capable of efficiently generating plasma and treating a liquid in a short time period. A liquid treatment device according to the present disclosure includes a first electrode, a second electrode disposed in a liquid, an insulator disposed surrounding the first electrode through a space, the insulator having an opening portion at a position in contact with the liquid, and a power supply that applies an AC voltage or a pulse voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode.

Abstract: A system for treating wastewater is disclosed that includes a series of interconnected reactor tubes. Each reactor tube comprises an outer cathode and an inner anode. The inner anode is positioned within the outer cathode. A voltage differential is applied across the inner anodes and the outer cathodes as wastewater flows between the inner anodes and outer cathodes. As the wastewater flows through the reactor tubes, chlorine based elements are generated to treat the wastewater. The system can include an injector to add chloride salts into the wastewater to generate chlorine based elements. The system can also include a feedback path to divert a portion of the wastewater with chlorine based elements back to the influent wastewater so that the chlorine based elements are mixed with the influent wastewater. The inner anode and the outer cathode can comprise non-donating conductive materials.

Abstract: A water recycling unit for use with a reservoir of water, comprising: a water tank; a water inlet on said tank; and a water outlet on said tank for connection to said reservoir of water, the water inlet being adapted to receive water from the reservoir of water into said water tank, and the water outlet being adapted to supply water to said reservoir, wherein the water outlet is located at a top of said water tank and the water inlet is located below said water outlet, wherein the water tank comprises a settling arrangement and the unit comprises a coagulant delivery means either at or before said water inlet.

Abstract: A water filter-pitcher includes a water pitcher with at least two chambers separated by at least one filter, and an ozone generator to generate ozone for sanitizing at least internal surfaces of said two chambers.

Abstract: A chemical injector includes a body forming a fluid passage extending from an inlet through an outlet, an injection port connected to the fluid passage, an anodic portion of the fluid passage having a first electrical charge and a cathode having a second electrical charge in communication with the fluid passage. The fluid passage may include a constriction such as in an orifice or venturi device.

Abstract: An apparatus and method isolating ion generation from target metal precipitation and flocculation rely on an ion generator and a precipitation reactor distinct, separated, optimized, and otherwise independent from each other as to flow regime and contained fluid at all times. No co-habitation of ion generation and precipitation nor their flow regimes is permitted in a single unit. Plug flow at hyper turbulence in the ion generator contrasts with quiescent to laminar flows in the precipitation reactor. Coating sacrificial anodes is avoided by avoiding over driving currents for ionization at the anode. A precipitation reactor is optimized by a dwell time effective to precipitate and flocculate heavy target metal precipitants and sacrificial ions relying on weak forces not tolerated by inertial forces in the ion generator.

Abstract: A system for removal of suspended solids and disinfection of an aqueous medium by electrolysis is disclosed. The system comprises a plurality of electrode assemblies configured to generate hydrogen gas and halides. Each electrode assembly comprises an inner electrode made of a non-donating conductive material and an outer electrode configured to sheath the inner anode. The outer electrode comprises a conductive material and a plurality of apertures. Power is supplied to the electrode assemblies and electrolysis occurs to generate hydrogen gas and halides. The halides disinfect the aqueous medium and the hydrogen gas entrains suspended solids to the surface of the aqueous medium. The suspended solids are removed from the surface of the aqueous medium.

Abstract: An ozone dissolution chamber utilizes the principle of laminar stratification of gas in a turbulent dissolution chamber. The dissolution chamber is much shorter in height than the conventional tower dissolution chamber, and ensures a high degree of dissolution of ozone in water and, consequently, a high degree of oxidation of organic and metal impurities to a final oxidation state.

Abstract: Integrated membrane treatment systems for treatment of an aqueous solution. In embodiments, components, such as an MBR, are integrated with means to recover energy from the system, for example from an RO concentrate, to operate the other components. In embodiments including biological treatment, RO is integrated with other components, such as an MBR with the ROs ability to remove inorganic nitrogen enabling biological treatment to be performed with only partial nitrification and the MBR operated without active pH control. In embodiments, RO is integrated with a chlorine generator to convert chlorides present in the RO concentrate for an in-situ source of oxidizing biocides for disinfection purposes. Chloramines may be generated in-situ from residual ammonia and chlorides in the RO reject. In embodiments, carrier media is employed in a membrane tank to enhance removal of residual organics by the MBR and to also improve effectiveness of membrane scouring.

Abstract: Provided is a forced evaporative humidifier using nano-vapor, which includes: a housing having an exhaust port formed in an upper surface thereof and a suction port formed at one side of a front surface thereof; a water tank located below the suction port to store water; an injection unit having an injection nozzle located above the suction port, a pump for pulling up the water in the water tank to the injection nozzle, and a transfer tube for transferring the water pulled by the pump; a blowing fan located above the injection nozzle to carry air toward the exhaust port of the housing; a humidifying unit located below the injection nozzle so that films, each having a body surface formed to allow the water injected from the injection nozzle to flow and a plurality of tube-type spacers protruding on the body surface, are stacked in a lateral direction therein; and an eliminator located between the blowing fan and the injection nozzle to prevent water drops included in a humid air humidified by the humidifying u

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a process for treating and regenerating a spent caustic solution at ambient temperatures and pressure which includes oxidizing spent caustic wastewater with a hydrogen-peroxide/ozone mixture, supported by a board rang irradiation of the spent caustic wastewater by ultrasound. A range of wastewater treatment techniques may also be included to reach a desired effluent quality level.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus and method for the safe and efficient generation of chlorine dioxide. Chlorine dioxide is produced safely and efficiently by diluting a source of chlorite in water to produce less than or equal to 5000 ppm measured as ClO2 while achieving at least 80 wt%, more preferably 90 wt %, and most preferred at least 95 wt % conversion of chlorite anion to chlorine dioxide.

Abstract: Ballast and/or cooling water biocidal treatment and disinfection systems and techniques are provided. The systems utilize oxidation reduction potential control to regulate addition, or concentration of an electrocatalytically generated biocidal agent to disinfection levels in ship buoyancy and to biofouling levels in ship cooling water systems. The disinfection and biofouling control systems provide suitable treatment while reducing the potential for corrosion of ship components and, in some cases, undesirable disinfection byproducts.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are systems and methods for desalination of salt water based on an engineered acoustic field that causes constructive and destructive interference at pre-computed spatial positions. The engineered acoustic field can cause high-pressure and low-pressure regions where desalination membranes are located. The induced pressure from the acoustic field can force pure water through the membranes leaving ionic and dissolved molecular species behind.

Abstract: A point of use electrolysis system can be used to generate oxidizing species within liquid retained by a point of use discharge nozzle, helping to prevent pathogens from growing and multiplying in the nozzle. In one example, a system includes a point of use discharge nozzle having an inlet and an outlet and electrodes. The electrodes are configured to electrochemically generate an oxidizing species within the point of use discharge nozzle. According to the example, the point of use discharge nozzle is configured to trap liquid from a liquid source, when liquid ceases flowing through the point of use discharge nozzle, thereby providing a trapped liquid. Further, the electrodes are configured to generate the oxidizing species within the trapped liquid.

Abstract: A water treatment composition capable of effectively adsorbing pollutants from water is described. The composition includes magnetic extractants, which comprise magnetite nanoparticles containing functional groups. The composition is used to remove from water and aqueous streams oils and other contaminants. A process for removing contaminants from water and apparatus used in the process are also described.

Abstract: A water treatment composition capable of effectively adsorbing pollutants from water is described. The composition includes magnetic extractants, which comprise magnetite nanoparticles containing functional groups. The composition is used to remove from water and aqueous streams oils and other contaminants. A process for removing contaminants from water and apparatus used in the process are also described.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a portable sterilization apparatus. The portable sterilization apparatus includes: a case; a power supply disposed inside the case; a power supply disposed inside the case; a hydroxyl radical generator electrically connected to the power supply and exposed outside from the case; and a switch unit disposed inside the case and selectively supplying electric power from the power supply to the hydroxyl radical generator.

Abstract: A system and method is disclosed for chlorine generation and distribution for the treatment of a pool, spa, body of water, or other water system.

Abstract: An electrolytic device and method for generating a disinfecting solution that utilizes a brine generator, an electrical circuit with an on-board solar panel and rechargeable storage battery. The electrical circuit preferably conditions the power received from a variety of power sources to charge the storage battery and conditions the power stored in the storage battery to provide the appropriate power to maximize the disinfection efficacy of the disinfecting solution. The on-board solar panel and/or rechargeable battery can be utilized as the power source to recharge or operate other devices such as cell phones, PDAs, flashlights, GPS systems, or other such devices. The device can incorporate a touch screen display and electronics that is an electronic “water finder” application for locating sources of water that can be made potable. The device can incorporate a biocidal agent and foul resistant water filter that can be folded up to provide a compact configuration for storage.

Abstract: The disclosed invention relates to a liquid treatment system comprising a fluid input channel and a plasmatron coupled to the fluid input channel, the plasmatron operative to affix nitrogen to liquid received from the fluid input channel resulting in treated liquid. The system further comprises a liquid chamber connected to the plasmatron for storing treated liquid and a treated fluid output channel connected to the liquid chamber.

Abstract: A mobile liquid treatment station and operation methods are disclosed, the station having a mobile treatment unit and separate mobile treatment management unit. A plurality of serial containment compartments at the treatment unit for performance of chemical dosing and solids separation are provided and are monitored with sensors. The management unit includes a plurality of chemical dosing platforms, and a power and processing assembly. A bus links the units for data and control signal transfer and chemical feed lines are connected between the units for transfer of dosing chemicals.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method and apparatus (10) for purifying water, wherein oxygen is introduced into the water by electrolysis of the water; and the water is treated with at least one ionized transition metal. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the electrolysis of the water takes place by passing an electric current through paired electrodes (22) made from stainless steel; and the water is treated with ionized silver, copper and zinc produced at silver (16), copper (18) and zinc (20) electrodes that are supplied with electric current. The invention prevents and combats growth of bacteria fungal and viral pathogens in water, and provides a non-toxic and environmentally friendly method of ensuring the public health in both public and private applications.

Abstract: A system for and method of sanitizing water and waterway surfaces using ozone gas is disclosed wherein water is circulated from a water reservoir in a water ozonation loop means. Ozone is generated by an ozone generator and dispensed into the circulating water by an ozone feed means. In some embodiments the ozone is generated from gas in the water reservoir and dispensed into the water ozonation loop means at a venturi tube. A controller is provided for activating an ozonation cycle. In some embodiments, the ozonation cycle includes the actuation of a circulating water pump for a cycle interval, and the actuation of an ozone generator during an ozone generation interval, which is less than the cycle interval.

Abstract: Disclosed is a new form of reactive ozone and techniques for producing nanobubble suspensions of the reactive ozone. The bubbles entrap a high concentration of ozone, with the ozone orienting a net negative charge outwards and a net positive charge inwards.

Abstract: The present invention provides a purifying device capable of effectively purifying liquid. The purifying device includes: a storage tank configured to store liquid; a power supply; a pair of electrodes connected to the power supply and configured to cause electric discharge to produce hydroxyl radicals in the liquid in the storage tank; and an ultrasound generating section configured to apply ultrasonic waves to the liquid in the storage tank to convert hydrogen peroxide in the liquid, which is produced from the produced hydroxyl radicals, into hydroxyl radicals.

Abstract: A system and method for treating flowing water systems with a plasma discharge to remove or control growth of microbiological species. The system and method protect other components of the water system from being damaged by excess energy from the electrohydraulic treatment. The system and method also recycle ozone gas generated by a high voltage generator that powers the plasma discharge to further treat the water. A gas infusion system upstream of or inside a plasma reaction chamber may be used to create fine bubbles of ozone, air, or other gases in the water being treated to aid in plasma generation.

Abstract: Disclosed is a cross-linked molecularly imprinted polymer including cross-linked chitosan having selective binding sites for phosphate ions, phosphate containing molecules, or a combination of both.

Abstract: A system includes an ion separation unit that may receive dilute hydrochloric acid and may generate a concentrated hydrochloric acid and a chamber fluidly coupled to the ion separation unit. The chamber may receive the concentrated hydrochloric acid and may separate the concentrated hydrochloric acid into a liquid concentrated hydrochloric acid and a vapor containing vaporized hydrochloric acid. The system also includes a scrubber fluidly coupled to the chamber. The scrubber may receive the vapor from the chamber, and the scrubber is may remove at least a portion of the vaporized hydrochloric acid from the vapor via a purified condensate to generate a purified vapor and the dilute hydrochloric acid. The system also includes a condenser fluidly coupled to the scrubber The condenser may receive the purified vapor from the scrubber to condense the purified vapor into the purified condensate, and to output the purified condensate to the scrubber.

Abstract: An apparatus for a programmable self sanitizing water dispenser apparatus with a digital controller as well as a programmable method for generating ozone for cleaning the reservoir and the water contained within it. The apparatus includes an anti-spill receiver that houses the controller and that can contain a ozone generator.

Abstract: Process and apparatus to remove colloids and nitrogen compounds from contaminated water by coagulating the colloids and separating them from the water. The water is then continuously oxidized with chlorine electrolytically to destroy the nitrogen compounds.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for purifying water contaminated with organic substances, which is drained or collected from filters, especially fuel filters or elements of a fuel system. Hydroxyl radicals are formed from the water by means of a separating device where the hydroxyl radicals oxidize the impurities, especially organic substances, as much as possible, and convert them into compounds such as CO2.

Abstract: Utilizing mobile walls, a transportable (or stationary) low cost, low carbon footprint process and apparatus with a granular filter media dry cell (for filter or bed) for dewatering particulate solids from liquid. The mobile wall structures can be made of a rigid structure constructed of new or preferred salvaged materials, assembled, with watertight joints, used, disassembled and stored for redeployment. The walls are set in a keyway utilizing whatever soil composition is available. The walls can be used in the previous Deskins filters as old wall replacement or new wall construction. The invention utilizes a generator that is not dependent upon site or local electricity thus can be operated in any location. All parts can be engineered, fabricated according to the design of the Quick-Dry Filter Dewatering Mobile Process and Apparatus, packed in shipping containers and be readily available for any immediate need.

Abstract: A process for disinfecting a treatment fluid is disclosed, including the step of admixing an aqueous solution comprising two or more oxidants generated via electrolysis of a salt solution with a treatment fluid. The mixed oxidants may be generated on site, using a containerized system.

Abstract: The disclosure provides apparatuses and methods for the reduction of the concentration of contaminants in residential drinking water. The apparatuses and methods described herein are capable of lowering the concentration of 1,4 dioxane found in well water to well below the state mandated maximum concentrations.