Abstract: A manually operated water purifying device which includes a manually moveable operating member that pumps unpurified water into a conduit where it is exposed to purification by an electrically operated UV-C lamp and then dispensed from a portable container, and the UV-C lamp is energized by an electric generator that is also driven by a manually moveable operating member.

Abstract: A water treatment apparatus dissolving an oxidizer in wastewater at a fast speed and at a high efficiency to decompose substances at a high decomposition rate. The apparatus includes an ultraviolet radiation part having an elongated tubular configuration, and receiving an axially extending ultraviolet radiation unit with a space between an inner peripheral surface of the ultraviolet radiation unit and the ultraviolet radiation unit to pass wastewater; and an oxidizer mixing part disposed adjacent to and upstream of the ultraviolet radiation part for mixing an oxidizer with the wastewater. The ultraviolet radiation unit irradiates the wastewater with ultraviolet light to decompose the substances to be treated in the wastewater.

Abstract: Retrofit apparatus for retrofitting an ozone generator to a spa, hot tub or similar facility is disclosed. Here, a fitting is threaded into an air inlet of a spa or hot tub, and covers provided for the water outlets to generally prevent outgassing. In another embodiment, an ozone-providing plug is provided to one water outlet of a spa or hot tub, with the air and other outlets being blocked. In addition, different configurations of ozone generator are disclosed. Particularly, one type ozone generator includes an inverted U-shaped apparatus so that heat from the ozone generator induces a chimney effect so as to cause the ozonated air to rise through a chimney and then settle into a selected area. Another ozone generator creates a low rate of airflow by “ion wind” in order to propel ozonated air into a system of piping in the absence of water flowing therethrough.

Abstract: The inventive method and apparatus for treating water and water systems. The apparatus and method also assures the retention of calcium in drinking water provided to an animal by suppling water to a water feed line which is connected to a drinking device, oxidizing the water to retain calcium in the water in solution, ionizing the water using copper/zinc electrodes, the ionization sanitizing the water and providing residual copper and zinc ions which act as an algicide and a biocide, and providing the ionized oxidized drinking water which retains calcium in solution to the animal for drinking.

Abstract: An electrolytic cell combined into a unitary structure with a liquid circulation fitting, which purifies water by electrode plates inside the cell when an aqueous solution is present. The unitary structure replaces the existing water return fitting. This integrated structure is well suited for use in pools, tubs, spas, fountains or similar large liquid containers. The production of halogen inside the structure is not required to coincide with the cycle of the existing pool filtration system. Rather, the electrodes receive a continuous supply of low level power and the halogen produced inside the structure is disbursed back into the body of water through the fitting using an integrated, dedicated circulation pump, special channels in the surface and a check valve to insure one directional flow from the pool pump and natural convection. Using fresh water drawn from the vessel, halogen is then disbursed back into the vessel with the water at a location different from where the fresh water was drawn.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a water treatment device in which temperature does not affect performance in nitrogen removal. Water circulates in a first anaerobic filter bed chamber 5, a second anaerobic filter bed chamber 10, a contact aeration chamber 14, a sedimentation chamber 19, and an electrolytic chamber 59 for phosphorus removal. The supernatant in sedimentation chamber 19 flows into a disinfection chamber 21 and is then sent to an electrolytic chamber 100 for nitrogen removal. An electrode pair is provided inside electrolytic chamber 100. Halogen ions present in the water are oxidized on the anode side. After halogen gas is generated, this gas reacts with water and generates hypohalous acid. On the cathode side, the nitrogen components in the water are converted to nitrate ions, and these nitrate ions are further converted to ammonium ions. The hypohalous acid and ammonium ions react, and the nitrogen components are converted to nitrogen gas by way of chloramine.

Abstract: A water treating device includes a water container for containing water; an electrolyzing chamber for sterilizing water; a water treatment line which couples the electrolyzing chamber with the water container; a sensor for measuring residual chlorine concentration; and a device for controlling the amount of the water to be electrochemically decomposed in the electrolyzing chamber on the basis of the residual chlorine concentration measured by the sensor to keep the residual chlorine concentration of the water to be fed back into the water container within a predetermined range. A bypass line is provided which is branched from the water treatment line upstream of the electrolyzing chamber for sampling the water, introducing the sampled water into the sensor for the measurement of the residual chlorine concentration thereof, and discharging the sampled water into the electrolyzing chamber after the measurement.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an electrolytic cell that is completely sealed during the electrolysis operation during production of oxidant. Gasses generated within the electrolysis operation, primarily hydrogen that is liberated at the cathode surface, increase the pressure within the cell, and the gas pressure is ultimately utilized to expel the oxidant from the cell chamber.

Abstract: The use of an aqueous polymer dispersion comprising dispersed particles of at least one polymer A1 obtainable by free-radical emulsion polymerization in the presence of a polymer A2 synthesized from from 50 to 99.5% by weight of at least one ethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic and/or dicarboxylic acid, from 0.5 to 50% by weight of at least one ethylenically unsaturated compound selected from the esters of ethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acids and the monoesters and diesters of ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids with an amine containing at least one hydroxyl group, up to 20% by weight of at least one further monomer as a binder for producing filter materials.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for removing phosphorus from a wastewater effluent stream from a hog waste lagoon. The wastewater effluent is introduced to the bottom of an inverted cone-shaped continuous crystallizer including a fluidized bed of struvite therein. An effective amount of ammonia is introduced to the wastewater effluent at the bottom of the crystallizer to elevate the pH of wastewater effluent a predetermined amount. An effective amount of magnesium is also introduced to the wastewater effluent at the bottom of the crystallizer. The composition adjusted wastewater effluent is then continuously passed upwardly through the fluidized bed of struvite to reduce the total phosphorus content of the wastewater effluent a predetermined amount of up to about 80% or more. The treated wastewater effluent stream is removed from the top of the crystallizer, and struvite crystals that grow large enough to sink from the bottom of the crystallizer are periodically removed from a collection chamber therebeneath.

Abstract: There are provided a nitrogen treating method and system for a nitrogen compound, which can treat the nitrogen compound efficiently and which can reduce the size and cost of an apparatus. The gist is that, in a nitrogen treating method wherein a nitrogen compound in for-treatment water is treated according to an electrochemical technique, a cathode reaction region and an anode reaction region are defined by a cation exchange membrane interposed between a cathode and an anode, and the for-treatment water treated in the cathode reaction region according to the electrochemical technique is treated with hypohalogenous acid, or, ozone or active oxygen according to a chemical technique.

Abstract: A desalination system for removing at least a substantial amount of salt from a saltwater. In at least one embodiment, the desalination system may inject the saltwater with one or more ionized gases for removing contaminants from the saltwater. The desalination system may include one or more ionized gas generators for generating one or more ionized gases to be mixed with the saltwater. The desalination system may inject a disinfectant into the saltwater to disinfect the saltwater. The desalination system may generate one or more disinfectants from saltwater using a disinfectant generator. In at least one embodiment, the disinfectant generator may separate disinfectants from saltwater using electrolysis.

Abstract: The present invention is a device and method for ozonating water and applying the ozonated water to surfaces for cleaning purposes. The instant invention allows a user to transform water into a liquid with more robust cleaning properties conveniently and in a short time. The present invention includes a cleaning apparatus having a reservoir containing water, the reservoir able to be easily manipulated by a user to dispense the water, a device for increasing the level of oxidative properties in the water, and a circulation flow path communicating with the reservoir and the device to allow at least some of the water in the reservoir to flow from the reservoir to the device and back to the reservoir.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for supplying dissolved gases (such as oxygen, ozone, chlorine etc.) for chemical and biological processes is described. The methods and apparatus described are particularly suitable for use in the biodegradation of organic matter (such as in municipal and industrial wastewater treatment), and other uses. The apparatus may comprise a dissolved gas supply system.

Abstract: Anaerobic digestion system and process in which a liquor containing a digestible biomass is processed a retort vessel at a thermophilic temperature and with a vacuum pressure at the surface of the liquor. A pressurized feedstock is introduced into the vessel so that the feedstock impacts upon the surface of the liquor in a manner which serves to break up any scum on the surface and produce a mixing of the liquor.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing super-oxygenated water for human consumption including forcing atmospheric air through a filter to remove impurities, exposing the filtered air to ultra violet light to cleanse the air, and to form ozone and oxygen in the air, forcing the filtered air, ozone, and oxygen into a stream of flowing water to dissolve said air, ozone, and oxygen in said water, and spraying the stream of water having air, ozone, and oxygen dissolved therein into a vessel under superatmospheric pressure.

Abstract: An ultraviolet-and-ozone disinfection apparatus 200 providing an improvement on disinfection, includes a disinfection tank 202, a mercury UV lamp 210 enclosed by a quartz tube 208 for generating UV light with air trapped between them undergoing UV irradiation to generate ozone, an ozone transmitting tube 216, a spiral water transmitting tube 215 wrapping around the quartz tube in a spiral manner to achieve sufficient disinfection by mixing ozone in water, a sleeve barrel enclosing the spiral tube. Along the entire flow path, water is exposed to UV radiation to achieve sufficient disinfection and reduce excessive ozone that is harmful to human health.

Abstract: A UV-assisted advanced-ozonation water treatment system comprises a water treating tank 1, an ozonic water tank 2, an ozonized gas generator 3, and a UV light source 4 disposed in the water treating tank 1 and having a UV-radiating surface 4a, and an ozonic water jetting device including jetting nozzles 5 for jetting the ozonic water onto the UV-radiating surface of the UV light source. An ozonized gas diffusing device 12 is placed in the ozonic water tank 2. An ozonized gas generated by the ozonized gas generator 3 and compressed by a compressor 13 at a pressure in the range of about 2 to about 3 kg/cm2 is diffused into the ozonic water tank 2 by the ozonized gas diffusing device 12. A high-pressure, a high-ozone-concentration ozonic water produced in the ozonized water tank 2 is jetted through the jetting nozzles 5 onto the UV-radiating surface 4a.

Abstract: This invention is capable of providing a water purifying apparatus with a comparatively simple configuration that can be used easily. First, a usage state is adopted by operating the knob of the faucet. In doing so, the detection means detects the flow of the water. As a result, the control unit supplies electricity to the ultraviolet light generator based on the detection signal form the detection means, and ultraviolet light is emitted. The emitted ultraviolet light then irradiates water within the passage. Water sterilization can then be carried out as a result of doing this. The ultraviolet light generator only generates light when the faucet is in use. It is therefore possible to utilize the ultraviolet light generator for long periods of time and savings are made with respect to power consumption. Further, a curving part is formed in the passage, and the ultraviolet light generator is arranged in the vicinity of the curving part.

Abstract: A process is provided to produce water that will meet the specifications of the United States Pharmacopeia Inc. for Purified Water and Water for Injection, and water for dialysis as circumscribed by the American Association for Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI). The system has no storage tanks where stagnant water will be fouled by biofilm colonizing the tank surface. Water is circulated throughout the purification system and drawn as required, on demand. The water is purified and used immediately or recycled and repurified to ensure quality. Sanitation of the purification system, maintaining microbiological purity and cleaning is done by controlling the pH so that it is normally acidic by maintaining a high carbon dioxide concentration in solution, the carbon dioxide being allowed to pass into the permeate from a reverse osmosis membrane assembly used to purify the water.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling the resistivity of ultra pure water, including a housing to house a gas permeable membrane, an inlet for untreated ultra pure water which communicates with an ultra pure water path, and an outlet for resistivity-controlled ultra pure water which communicates with the ultra pure water path. The gas permeable membrane divides the interior of the housing into the ultra pure water path and a mixed gas path. A mixed gas is selected from the group consisting of a mixed gas including carbon dioxide and a gas having a lower resistivity controlling ability than carbon dioxide and a mixed gas including ammonia and a gas having a lower resistivity controlling ability than ammonia. The gas permeable membrane is capable of supplying carbon dioxide or ammonia to the untreated ultra pure water at a concentration equal to or more than 90% of the equilibrium concentration.

Abstract: An ozone-based water purification system is disclosed. In this system, a mixing venturi injects ozone and a liquid sanitizer into a stream of water to be treated. Following ozone and sanitizer injection, the stream of water is passed to a contact region where the ozone and sanitizer are allowed to react with contaminants and biota. The stream is then mixed by several mixing devices to allow residual ozone and sanitizer to further react with contaminants and biota. Particularly a counterflow system is employed wherein the stream is directed downward at several points so that bubbles containing ozone are forced to flow upward against the flow, lengthening ozone contact time. Also, the ultraviolet lamp used to generate ozone is mounted so that ultraviolet light therefrom is exposed to the flow water, providing additional sterilizing effects. In addition, a novel mixing venturi is disclosed that mixes a gas containing ozone and a liquid sanitizer into a motive flow of water.

Abstract: A photocatalyst module comprising a substrate, for example, a metallic substrate, a layer of a photocatalyst such as titanium oxide, and a protective layer containing lithium silicate provided between the substrate and the layer of a photocatalyst wherein the protective layer can sufficiently withstand the heat in a step for forming the layer of a photocatalyst by a flame spray coating method and can prevents oxidation and/or decomposition of the substrate is disclosed.

Abstract: Periphyton filtration is a known method for performing bioremediation of polluted water, removing nutrients from the influent on which the attached algae thrive. The present system improves upon this method by adding a strong oxidizer to the influent, and, in some cases, to the effluent, to make organically bound nutrients available to a target culture of periphyton or aquatic plants to reduce the population of undesirable microinvertebrates, to make organically bound nutrients available to the periphyton, and to reduce the level of toxic compounds. A particular embodiment comprises ozonating the water. A pesticide may be added to control insect populations.

Abstract: There is disclosed a device adapted to provide water purified to human consumption level, and arranged for connection to a water supply. The device comprises a water purifier, a container for purified water and connections between the water purifier and the purified water container, The water purifier includes a filtering system that removes particles present in water to be purified as well as any undesirable adsorbable material, The filtering system is in fluid communication with the water supply on the one hand, and the container, on the other hand. The device also includes an ozone generator and a venturi for injecting ozone into filtered water downstream of the filtering system, but before introduction of the purified water into the container. A pump is arranged to draw water from the water supply, to feed same to the filtering system, and thereafter to the container.

Abstract: The present invention relates to gaseous discharge and applied biotechnology. In particularly, the present invention relates to a method for killing organisms in the course of conveying ballast water in ship, comprising applying a voltage with frequency of 400-40000 Hz between the anode electrode and the cathode electrode of the free radical generator, thereby forming strong ionization discharge of electric field strength of 250-600 Td between the anode electrode and the cathode electrode, ionizing, dissociating, and exciting O2 and H2O, or O2, processing into active particles comprising O3, OH+and HO2, dissolving excitately to obtain free radical solution mainly consisted of OH+, adding the free radical solution to conveying pipeline of ballast water, conveying for 2-20 s in the pipeline, thereby obtaining killing organisms of ballast water selected from the group consisted of bacteria, single cell alga, and protozoan.

Abstract: By providing a fluid flow chamber which is preferably constructed in an elongated, cylindrical shape and incorporates an elongated cylindrical sleeve in which an ultraviolet radiation producing lamp is positioned along the central axis thereof, with the outer surface of the sleeve covered with a unique coating layer, a highly efficient and low cost fluid purification system has been achieved which employs ultraviolet radiation. The unique coating material of the present invention allows the ultraviolet radiation to pass therethrough substantially unimpeded, while also virtually eliminating any buildup of light blocking deposits from the fluid on the surface thereof. As a result, the purification system of the present invention is capable of providing the desired high radiation level exposures for substantially extended periods of time without requiring repeated maintenance.

Abstract: A system and assembly for treating swimming pool water including an electrolytic chlorine generator assembly and a pass of ionization filter collectively mounted in a common cartridge replaceable disposed in the circulating system of the swimming pool and collectively disposed and structured in fluid communication with a path of water flow passing through the housing such that the water is sanitized prior to being returned to the swimming pool. The chlorine generator is structured to release chlorine from the pool water passing through the housing which has a predetermined concentration of salt added directly to the main body of water within the swimming pool.

Abstract: Sanitary foot warm bath equipment is provided which prevents or suppresses proliferation of saprophytic bacteria in a foot bath. The foot warm bath equipment is foot warm bath equipment which reserves hot water for foot bathing in a foot bath, the equipment comprising heating means for heating water in the foot bath to produce hot water of setting temperature, electrolytic water producing means for producing electrolytic water containing hypochlorous acid by electrolyzing the water, and control means for controlling the heating means and the electrolytic water producing means, wherein the electrolytic water produced by the electrolytic water producing means is supplied into the foot bath.

Abstract: A container for releasing a chemical additive into a fuel composition comprises a fuel-impermeable casing having a hollow interior and an additive composition comprising at least one fuel soluble additive. The additive is held within the container by at least one fuel-permeable element provided at or near an opening in the casing and is effective to provide for release of additive(s) into the fuel composition. Methods of releasing additives into fuel compositions are also provided.

Abstract: An ultraviolet lamp used for creating ozone. An ultraviolet lamp is enclosed by a container having an inlet at one end and an outlet at the other end. An air flow containing molecular oxygen is created between the container and the ultraviolet lamp. A portion of the wavelength of the ultraviolet lamp is used for generating ozone. Another portion of the wavelength of the ultraviolet lamp is used to kill microorganisms or disinfect a fluid. The ozone generated may be released in the fluid, further purifying and deodorizing the fluid. The present invention combines the germicidal properties of a ultraviolet lamp with the deodorizing properties of ozone in a single device which may be used to purify water or other fluid.

Abstract: The disclosure below relates to apparatus and methods for producing medicament using sub-optimal water sources. One embodiment of the disclosure is directed to an apparatus comprising a preliminary purification component, a disinfection component, a pharmaceutical grade water preparation (PGW) component, and a drug pack. Another disclosed embodiment relates to a method for producing a peritoneal dialysis solution, comprising, passing diluent through a preliminary purification component, passing diluent through a disinfection component, passing diluent through a PGW preparation component, passing diluent through a drug pack, and collecting solute produced by the drug pack.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an electrolytic cell that is completely sealed during the electrolysis operation during production of oxidant. Gasses generated within the electrolysis operation, primarily hydrogen that is liberated at the cathode surface, increase the pressure within the cell, and the gas pressure is ultimately utilized to expel the oxidant from the cell chamber.

Abstract: A water treatment apparatus dissolving an oxidizer in wastewater at a fast speed and at a high efficiency to decompose substances at a high decomposition rate. The apparatus includes an ultraviolet radiation part having an elongated tubular configuration, and receiving an axially extending ultraviolet radiation unit with a space between an inner peripheral surface of the ultraviolet radiation unit and the ultraviolet radiation unit to pass wastewater; and an oxidizer mixing part disposed adjacent to and upstream of the ultraviolet radiation part for mixing an oxidizer with the wastewater. The ultraviolet radiation unit irradiates the wastewater with ultraviolet light to decompose the substances to be treated in the wastewater.

Abstract: Water may be purified and treated to kill and/or remove various harmful contaminants and microorganisms with a method and system including ozone treatment and oxygenation. In the present system and method, the ozone treatment and oxygenation process is carried out in the chamber of one canister and includes one or two further canisters, either a pre-filtration canister that contains a filter for removing large particulates that might interfere with the ozone treatment and oxygenation process, or a post-filtration canister that contains a filter for removing smaller particulates downstream, or both. The system is versatile in that one or the other of the filtration canisters can be eliminated. To limit the expense of manufacturing the system, the exterior of the canisters are identically molded and the bottom caps of the canisters are integrally molded to the body of the canisters, also eliminating one possible leakage point.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a water treatment system for sterilizing water retained in a water container. The system includes a circulation process line for pumping the to-be-sterilized water out of the water container, sterilizing the water through electrolysis, and feeding the sterilized water back into the water container; an arrangement for producing a sterilizing solution having a sterilizing function by electrolyzing an electrolytic solution containing chlorine ions and having a function of promoting an electrochemical reaction; and an arrangement for supplying the produced sterilizing solution into the circulation process line as required. The system can constantly sterilize the water in the circulation process line and, as required, additionally supply the sterilizing solution produced by the sterilizing solution producing arrangement into the circulation process line according to a variation in the quality of the water.

Abstract: Contaminated water is disinfected by admixture of a highly reactive gas stream containing ions of oxygen and nitrogen, formed by exposure of air to short-wavelength ultraviolet radiation, and of chlorine, formed by electrolysis of a brine solution. Solids removal can be accomplished by electrophoresis in the same unit employed for electrolysis of brine to release chlorine, or in a separate unit.

Abstract: The invention features an apparatus and a method for supplying ozonated water to more than one process tool. Ozonated water of a first concentration received from an ozonated water generator and water received from a source are mixed to produce ozonated water of a second concentration. The ozonated water of a second concentration is supplied to a first process tool. Ozonated water from the ozonated water generator is supplied to a second process tool while supplying the ozonated water of the second concentration to the first process tool.

Abstract: A process for preparing trichloroacetic acid comprises the step of bringing functional water capable of partial oxidizing tetrachloroethylene under irradiation with light or aerated functional water gas which is produced by aerating the above functional water and has a capability similar to that of the above functional water into contact with tetrachloroethylene under irradiation with light. And an apparatus for preparing trichloroacetic acid comprises a closable container as a means for bringing functional water capable of partial oxidizing tetrachloroethylene under irradiation with light or aerated functional water gas which is produced by aerating the above functional water and has a capability similar to that of the above functional water into contact with tetrachloroethylene, and means for irradiating the above contact mixture with light.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a point-of-use water treatment system (WTS) unit (20) for filtering and treating contaminants in water. WTS unit (20) may include a first primary coil (74) located in a base unit (22) which inductively power a secondary treatment device such as a UV lamp assembly (24). A filter assembly (26) is used which has a filter block (90) and an inner sleeve (92) which extends inside filter block (90). Inner sleeve (92) defines a chamber in which the secondary treatment device (24) may be disposed. First and second valves and seals may be interposed between the filter assembly (26), secondary treatment device (24) and base unit (22) to allow the filter assembly (26) and secondary treatment device (24) to be independently replaceable. Secondary treatment device (24) may be a lamp assembly (24) which includes a condensing element (84) to condense mercury in a bulb in the arc path between filaments (444).

Abstract: The ultrapure water producing system produces ultrapure water with high purity and remarkably low content of metals even just after restart of operation thereof. Water sent through the pump 3 or 4 into a line 8 flows through a heat exchanger 10, a line 12, a UV oxidation apparatus 20, a line 22, an ion exchange device 30, a line 32 and a membrane filtering device 40 and is treated in each device in this order to be ultrapure water. The devices 10, 20, 30, 40 have bypass lines 11, 21, 31, 41, respectively. In the sterilizing process, bactericide water is fed only to the membrane filtering device 40 via the bypass lines 11, 21 and 31. In the following sterilizing process of the heat exchanger 10 and the UV oxidation apparatus 20, the bactericide water flows the line 41 bypassing around the membrane filtering device 40.

Abstract: A cleaning method for removing solid deposits of the oxides of nitrogen, especially dinitrogen pentoxide, from ozone generator tubes and dielectrics is described. The method circulates warm dry gas in the tube section of the generator, warm water in the shell section or both to clean the ozone generator. The oxides are evaporated and evacuated from the system. The method substantially reduces or eliminates the formation of nitric acid on the tubes and dielectrics when the generator is exposed to humidity upon being opened to the atmosphere.

Abstract: A portable battery-powered ozone generator, or ozonator, contained in a waterproof housing with an air intake and an ozone discharge conduit diffuses ozone directly into a body of water in a pool, pond or tank. The ozone generator and housing can be part of (1) a buoyant floating platform that is also equipped with solar power collector panels to provide a recharging current for the battery; (2) a robotic, self-propelled pool cleaner; or (3) a skimmer filter assembly that can include a solar panel under a solar transmissive cover that is flush mounted in the walk area alongside the pool.

Abstract: A method of purifying waste water biologically by using three particularly suitable bacteria: Bacillus sp. DT-1, Pseudomonas azelaica, DT-2, and/or Rhizobus sp. DT-5, or mixed populations thereof. The invention further relates to the bacteria and the mixed populations and use thereof in purifying waste water. The invention further relates to a bioreactor including the bacteria.

Abstract: A desalination system for removing at least a substantial amount of salt from a saltwater. In at least one embodiment, the desalination system may inject the saltwater with one or more ionized gases for removing contaminants from the saltwater. The desalination system may include one or more ionized gas generators for generating one or more ionized gases to be mixed with the saltwater. The desalination system may inject a disinfectant into the saltwater to disinfect the saltwater. The desalination system may generate one or more disinfectants from saltwater using a disinfectant generator. In at least one embodiment, the disinfectant generator may separate disinfectants from saltwater using electrolysis.

Abstract: An improved method for water treatment which comprises subjecting a water to be containing a hazardous material such as a dioxin or PCB to an ozone treatment contacting the water with fine bubbles of ozone having an average diameter of 0.5 to 3 microns; and a combination of the ozone treatment with one or more of a hydrogen peroxide treatment, a UV radiation treatment, an electrolysis treatment and a treatment with a carbonaceous filter material. The above ozone treatment or combination of treatments can be used for surer realization on of an intended effect of a water treatment, which is difficult to achieve by the use of a conventional method wherein ozone or hydrogen peroxide is simply mixed with a water to be treated. In particular, the combination of treatments leads to a more improved effect of water treatment.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods of a ballast water treatment system are disclosed. The ballast water treatment system includes a control system and a ballast tank system. The control system controls the concentration of a biocide in the ballast tank system. In addition, the ballast water treatment system can be implemented in a vessel. The ballast water treatment system includes a control system, a biocide generation system, and a ballast tank system. The control system is capable of controlling the concentration of a biocide in the ballast tank system by controlling the amount of the biocide feed into the ballast tank system from the biocide generation system. Further, the ballast water treatment system involves methods for controlling organisms in ballast water of a vessel. A representative method includes providing the ballast water, and treating the ballast water with chlorine dioxide.

Abstract: A treatment system for use in a water delivery system for eradicating bacteria such as the Legionella bacteria. The treatment system includes an ultraviolet light source for killing bacteria entering the water delivery system, an electrochemical precipitation unit and a blending valve in communication with water discharged from the precipitation unit and a source of hot water.

Abstract: A new and useful approach to cleaning raw water or other raw liquid is provided. A metered amount of stabilized hydrogen peroxide is added to the raw water or other liquid, to clean the raw water or other liquid. In one particularly useful embodiment of the present invention, a portable drinking device is designed so that a metered amount of stabilized hydrogen peroxide can be added to a portable container of liquid, to clean raw water or other liquid in the portable container. Thus, a hiker, military person, or other person who may have to depend on his/her environment for sustenance, and who may not have an available water source other than raw water, has a simple and efficient way of using virtually any available body of raw water as a source, and cleaning the raw water, to provide the person with a portable source of clean water.

Abstract: A portable container is disclosed, provided a means for the purification of a fluid by ultraviolet radiation. The container houses the liquid and mates with the ultraviolet light source, which is powered by a battery attached thereto. Additionally, an ultraviolet light sensor is provided to shut off the ultraviolet light and notify the user when the water has received an adequate dose of ultraviolet radiation.