Abstract: A method of performing a chromatographic separation includes modulating a portion of a flowstream to a trap column to retain at least one analyte from the flowstream on the trap column. A flow of a modifier is provided through the trap column to generate an elution comprising the at least one analyte. A flow of a compressible fluid-based chromatography (CFC) mobile phase or CFC solvent is merged with the elution from the trap column to generate a diluted elution. Carbon dioxide may be used as the CFC solvent or as a component of the CFC mobile phase. The diluted elution is provided to a CFC column where at least one analyte is focused at a head of the CFC column. Examples of a flowstream that may be used include an eluent from a chromatography column or a fluid flow from an extraction system.

Abstract: A monitoring device is provided for analytical measurement of reaction fluid produced in a reaction vessel in a spectrometer with a monitoring cell. The distribution apparatus includes at least four supply and return lines that open into the distribution apparatus, wherein the distribution apparatus comprises a distribution device for distributing reaction fluid to the supply and return lines. The distribution apparatus comprises a distribution vessel in which the distribution device and an electrically controllable pump device for pumping of the reaction fluid are provided, wherein the distribution device comprises an electrically controllable valve device for distributing the reaction fluid to the lines that open into the distribution vessel.

Abstract: Methods for detecting and quantifying one or more microcystin compounds in a sample are described. The methods may include a preconcentration step, and generally utilize an LC-MS or LC-MS/MS analysis with an Orbitrap Fusion mass spectrometer or a QqQ mass spectrometer. The methods provide excellent recoveries and limits of quantification of microcystins.

Abstract: A method of calibrating, a chromatography system is described. The method includes injecting a standard into a chromatographic separator. The standard including a first analyte having a first calibrant concentration and a second analyte having a second calibrant concentration. The standard can be separated in the chromatographic separator and measured with a detector. The method automatically identifies whether the first peak corresponds to the first analyte or the second analyte and whether the second peak corresponds to the first analyte or the second analyte, based on either an area or a peak height of the first peak and the second peak, and a ratio based on the first calibrant concentration and the second calibrant concentration.

Abstract: A column-sealing tool is provided for use during decoupling of a capillary column from a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) system. The column-sealing tool includes an engagement structure for removably securing the column-sealing tool within a high vacuum enclosure of the GC-MS system, at a location between a high vacuum end of a transfer line and a mass analyzer of the GC-MS system. Additionally, the column-sealing tool includes a sealing element that is actuatable between a non-sealing position and a sealing position. During use the sealing element forms a secondary vacuum seal with the first end of the transfer line when the column-sealing tool is inserted into the GC-MS system and when the sealing element is in the sealing position.

Abstract: A chromatography system includes a first chromatography column for receiving and separating a flow stream, a plurality of traps configured to trap a plurality of distinct flow segments exiting the first chromatography column during separation of the flow stream, and a second chromatography column operatively associated with the plurality of traps for receiving and separating the distinct flow segments. The system can include at-column dilution at trapping and separating stages thereof. A chromatography method for operating the chromatographic system includes measuring a plurality of time segments corresponding to a plurality of peaks of a fluid sample flowing through the first chromatographic column, and sequentially fluidly coupling the plurality of distinct flow segments with the corresponding plurality of traps during time segments corresponding to the plurality of peaks.

Abstract: A fluid sample collection system for directly collecting a fluid sample from a fluid source without exposing the fluid sample to an ambient environment that surrounds the fluid sample collection system includes a fluid collector including (i) a sample vial that is configured to retain fluid from the fluid source, the sample vial including a sample vial body and a vial cap that is selectively coupled and sealed to the sample vial body; (ii) a collector body that defines a passenger vial chamber, the sample vial being positioned at least partially within the passenger vial chamber during collection of the fluid; and (iii) a cap access facilitator that is configured to engage a portion of the sample vial to enable a user to selectively couple the vial cap to the sample vial body to seal the sample vial so that the fluid is retained within the sample vial.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the purification of target molecules like recombinant and/or biotherapeutic proteins. Activated carbon can be used to remove leachables and/or extractables resulting from disposable equipment employed in the process.

Abstract: Systems and methods for inline and automatic dilution of chemicals of interest for speciation and subsequent analysis by ICP spectrometry are described. A system embodiment includes a first valve to receive a sample into a holding loop; a plurality of syringe pumps coupled to the first valve to deliver an inline diluted sample from the first valve; and a second valve coupled to the first valve to receive the inline diluted sample from the first valve into a sample holding loop coupled to the second valve, the second valve configured to couple to at least one of an eluent source or a carrier fluid source to receive at least one of an eluent fluid or a carrier fluid to transfer the inline diluted sample from the sample holding loop to a speciation column to separate one or more species from the inline diluted sample.

Abstract: A clamp for chromatography columns has a first seal with a first opening a movable seal with a second opening and a movable coupler. The movable coupler has first and second coupler seals with communicating third and fourth openings. The clamp is arranged for pressing a first chromatography column between the first seal and the first coupler seal and for pressing a second chromatography column between the movable seal and the second coupler seal, such that the first opening fluidly communicates with the second opening through the first chromatography column, the third and fourth openings and the second chromatography column.

Abstract: A method for solid-phase extraction is disclosed. The method includes fabricating a solid-phase extraction medium by incorporating a plurality of modified mesoporous silica particles within pores of a cotton fabric matrix, putting the solid-phase extraction medium in contact with a fluid containing metal ions including one of immersing the solid-phase extraction medium in the fluid containing metal ions or passing the fluid containing metal ions through the solid-phase extraction medium by continuously circulating the fluid through the solid-phase extraction medium, and extracting the metal ions from the fluid by adsorbing the metal ions onto the solid-phase extraction medium responsive to a contact between the solid-phase extraction medium and the fluid containing metal ions.

Abstract: To diminish complication and difficulty in attachment and detachment of analytical columns to and from a column oven. The column oven includes, in a column housing part that includes a space for housing the plurality of analytical columns, a column rack that holds the plurality of analytical columns, an inlet switching valve, and an outlet connection portion. At least either the inlet switching valve or the outlet connection portion is formed integrally with the column rack and capable of being attached to and detached from the column housing part together with the column rack.

Abstract: Described is a mobile phase fitting having reduced corrosion and erosion. The fitting includes a coupling body, compression screw, compression member and gasket. The coupling body has a threaded bore at one end, a tapered cavity, a narrow bore and a fluid channel. The compression screw has an axial bore to receive a tube and a threaded outer surface in engagement with the threaded bore of the coupling body. The compression member is disposed in the tapered cavity and has an axial opening to pass the tube and a tapered surface to engage a surface of the tapered cavity. The gasket is disposed in the narrow bore and has one surface in contact with the first internal surface and has a parallel surface to receive an end face of the tube. Mobile phase flows along a path that includes the tube, an opening in the gasket and the fluid channel.

Abstract: A clinical diagnostic system is presented and comprises a sample preparation station for automatically preparing samples comprising analytes of interest, a liquid chromatography (LC) separation station comprising a plurality of LC channels and a sample preparation/LC interface for inputting prepared samples into the LC channels. The system further comprises a controller to assign samples to pre-defined sample preparation workflows each comprising a pre-defined sequence of sample preparation steps and requiring a pre-defined time for completion depending on the analytes. The controller further assigns an LC channel for each prepared sample depending on the analytes and plans an LC channel input sequence for inputting the prepared samples that allows analytes from different LC channels to elute in a non-overlapping LC eluate output sequence based on expected elution times.

Abstract: A first Fab region-binding peptide includes an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 5 with substitution of one or more amino acid residues at the 17th position and the 36th position, wherein an acid dissociation pH thereof is shifted to a neutral side. A second Fab region-binding peptide further includes deletion, substitution and/or addition of one or more amino acid residues at positions other than the 17th position and the 36th position. A third Fab region-binding peptide includes an amino acid sequence with a sequence identity of 80% or more to the amino acid sequence of the first Fab region-binding peptide.

Abstract: Liquid chromatography and gas chromatography components with a conformal protective coating on internal surfaces thereof and methods for producing the same are provided. The conformal protective coating is formed via an atomic layer deposition (ALD) process. The components and methods of the present disclosure find use in providing protective coatings for liquid chromatography and gas chromatography components that are compatible with bioanalytical separations and sensitive trace analyses.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a particle including at least one atomic-scale channel formed on a surface of the particle or on a surface and inside of the particle; a catalyst including the particle, particularly a catalyst for efficient and selective electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide into high value-added C2+ fuel; and a method of preparing the particle.

Abstract: A flexible, foldable light-weight gas chromatography transfer line suitable for connecting a gas chromatograph (GC) to a spectrometer, such as a mass spectrometer or optical spectrometer, in particular to the ion source of the spectrometer, such as an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) ion source. The transfer line has a heating arrangement that allows maintaining an even temperature profile, which improves quality of spectra. The transfer line has low thermal mass and the heating can be controlled with the control unit of the GC.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a chromatography ligand defined by the following formula R1—R2—N(R3)—R4—R5 wherein R1 is a substituted or non-substituted phenyl group; R2 is a hydrocarbon chain comprising 0-4 carbon atoms; R3 is a hydrocarbon chain comprising 1-3 carbon atoms; R4 is a hydrocarbon chain comprising 1-5 carbon atoms; and R5 is OH or H. The invention also comprises a separation matrix, comprising the described ligands coupled to a porous support, such as particles or a membrane. The ligand and matrix according to the invention is useful for purification of biomolecules or organic compounds, such as proteins, polypeptides, DNA etc. An advantageous use according to the invention is the purification of antibodies.

Abstract: A multi-walled tube that is useful as an analytical column in which chemical mixtures can be separated into their individual components is described. In order to be acceptable as an analytical column, the inner surface of the multi-walled tube must support effective separation, but not react chemically with or contaminate the solvent or the analyte (sample to be separated). Grade 316 stainless steel is typically preferred for this purpose. Moreover, the inner diameter (ID) surface of the multi-walled column is preferably very smooth (less than 10 micro inch Ra) with no interruptions in the surface such as scratches, pits, or asperities. However, since the column is designed to be attached to chromatographic equipment using standard size connection features, the size of standard fittings define the outer diameter (OD) of the column.

Abstract: A liquid chromatography system includes a pumping system with a selector valve in fluidic communication with a pump inlet. The selector valve switches between a first position, in which the selector valve fluidically couples a solvent reservoir to the pump inlet, and a second position, in which the selector valve fluidically couples a pressurized source of liquefied carbon dioxide (for example) to the pump inlet. The liquid chromatography system can perform as a HPLC system (or as an UPLC system) when the selector valve is in the first position and as a CO2-based chromatography system when the selector valve is in the second position. The selector valve can have a third position in which both the fluidic pathway between the solvent reservoir and the pump inlet and the fluidic pathway between the pressurized source and the pump inlet are blocked. This shut-off position advantageously facilitates system maintenance.

Abstract: The present invention provides titania particles which are formed by providing a titania sol and spray drying the titania sol. A morphology of the dried titania particles is controlled by producing the titania sol from a TiO2 containing slurry and controlling the pH of the slurry to be 3 pH units or more from the iso-electric point of the titania by adding a peptizing agent to reduce an extent to which the titania sol is flocculated, or by producing the titania sol from a TiO2 containing slurry and adjusting the iso-electric point to be 3 pH units or more from the pH of the slurry by adding a dispersant to reduce an extent to which the titania sol is flocculated. The titania particles have a continuous exterior convex surface, a diameter of 30 ?m or less, a BET specific surface area of 50 m2/g or more, and are porous.

Abstract: Provided herein in some embodiments is a column including a housing assembly and a cartridge assembly. The housing assembly can include a housing top, a housing bottom, and a housing siding. The housing siding can be fixedly coupled to the housing top and the housing bottom forming hermetic seals therebetween. The cartridge assembly can include a cartridge top, an outer frit, and an inner frit disposed within the outer frit. A toroidal space can defined by the cartridge top, the outer frit, the inner frit, and the housing bottom. The toroidal space can be configured to hold a stationary phase for radial flow column chromatography. Also provided herein in some embodiments is a process including assembling the cartridge assembly, assembling the housing assembly about the cartridge assembly, and pressure testing the column. In some embodiments, the process can further include charging the toroidal space with a stationary phase.

Abstract: A dispersed mobile-phase countercurrent chromatography system is described in which solutes are carried by a stream of dispersed mobile phase solvent through a column, or array of serially-connected columns, of stationary phase solvent with which the mobile phase solvent is immiscible. Solutes carried along by the stream of dispersed mobile-phase solvent will be equilibrated between the mobile-phase solvent and the stationary-phase solvent. Because the mobile-phase is dispersed into mini-droplets much smaller in diameter than the column of stationary phase, the enhanced surface/volume ratio of the droplets expedites countercurrent equilibration of different solutes between the mobile-phase solvent and the stationary-phase solvent in accordance with the distribution-coefficients of the solutes between the two solvents.

Abstract: A method for providing a lateral flow of liquid across a plurality of microwells of a microfabricated device. The microwells of the microfabricated device are covered by a membrane which includes a first portion disposed on one side of at least one microwell and a second portion on the other side of the at least one microwell. The first portion of the membrane is contacted with a liquid absorbable by the membrane such that the liquid is wicked by the membrane and laterally flows from the first portion to the second portion and across the at least one microwell. At least a portion of the liquid enters the at least one microwell.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an enhanced multi-dimensional chromatography system and method using selectable At-Column Dilution to improve compatibility of the interface and transfer between the multiple dimensions. The use of At-Column Dilution (“ACD”) with multi-dimensional chromatography can provide greater retention of the diverted components on subsequent stationary phases, and increase the sensitivity and peak shape of the component(s) separated on subsequent dimensions.

Abstract: A water purification device is provided in the form of a hydrogel matrix containing immobilized nanoparticles that are directly synthesized in-situ in the hydrogel matrix. The hydrogel matrix is temperature sensitive, such that swelling draws in pollutants that are captured by the nanoparticles, while deswelling releases purified water. A related method of decontaminating the water supply contaminated with a target pollutant is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for separating N2 from a hydrocarbon gas mixture containing N2 comprising the steps of: i) providing a bed of adsorbent selective for N2; (ii) passing the hydrocarbon gas mixture through the bed of adsorbent to at least partially remove N2 from the gas mixture to produce: (a) N2-loaded adsorbent and (b) N2-depleted hydrocarbon gas mixture; iii) recovering the N2-depleted hydrocarbon gas mixture; iv) regenerating the N2-loaded adsorbent by at least partially removing N2 from the adsorbent; and v) sequentially repeating steps (ii) and (iii) using regenerated adsorbent from step (iv); wherein the adsorbent comprises a pyrolized sulfonated macroporous ion exchange resin.

Abstract: Gypsum board having a core, said core having at least one side covered with a non-woven fabric; characterized in that the inner side of the non-woven fabric, which is in contact with the core of the gypsum board, has a surface roughness Ra of from 25 to 60 micrometers, preferably from 25 to 50 micrometers, advantageously from 25 to 40 micrometers.

Abstract: The core-shell type amine-based carbon dioxide adsorbent including a chelating agent resistant to oxygen and sulfur dioxide according to the present invention is an adsorbent which includes a chelating agent to inhibit oxidative decomposition of amine and has, as a core, a porous support on which an amine compound is immobilized and has, as a shell, an amine layer resistant to inactivity by sulfur dioxide, and a method of preparing the same. The amine-based carbon dioxide adsorbent including a chelating agent exhibits considerably high oxidation resistance because an added chelate compound functions to directly remove a variety of transition metal impurities catalytically acting on amine oxidation. In addition, the sulfur dioxide-resistant amine layer of the shell selectively adsorbs sulfur dioxide to protect the amine compound of the core and, at the same time, the amine compound of the core selectively adsorbs only carbon dioxide.

Abstract: A sample introduction unit 2 regularly collects a sample from a sample passage 1. A measurement unit 3 performs an LC/MS analysis for the collected sample. A spectrum matching judgment section 42 performs image recognition referring to mass spectra in a normal condition accumulated in a normal spectrum database 44, to determine whether a measured mass spectrum is in a normal condition. If the mass spectrum is non-normal, an abnormal peak locator 45 locates a peak which should not be detected in the normal condition, and an MSn analysis with the located peak selected as the target is performed in the measurement unit 3 under an MSn analysis execution commander 46. An identification processor 47 performs substance identification by a library search based on an acquired MSn spectrum. Upon successful identification, an alert commander 49 issues an alert. Thus, the system can automatically monitor hazardous substances with high accuracy.

Abstract: The subject technology is directed to a CO2-based chromatography system and method for rapid determination of the levels and/or the presence or absence of polymer additives (PAs) leachable or extractable from packing materials or implantable medical devices.

Abstract: Systems, apparatuses, kits, and methods for purification and analysis of analytes having a broad range of hydrophobicities by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Using one set of liquid chromatography columns, one set of mobile phase buffers, and, optionally, a single ionization method (e.g., electrospray ionization), a wide range of analytes can be purified and analyzed on a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) system. LC-MS purification and analysis of analytes having a broad range of partition coefficients is accomplished by selecting LC run parameters and MS system parameters that are particular to different classes of analytes without having to make column or buffer changes or any other hardware configuration changes to the LC-MS system.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a method for accurately and quantitatively discriminating and detecting a wide variety of gene mutations, or particularly, single base substitutions or point mutations. In an ASP for analyzing gene mutations, or particularly, single base substitutions or point mutations, when a non-nucleotide component is added to the 5? end of at least one of the ASP and a primer paired therewith before amplification by PCR and amplification products thereof are separated by ion-exchange chromatography, even the amplification products having the same length can be separated and detected.

Abstract: The object of the invention relates to an extraction cell (100) used in a centrifugal partition chromatograph, which has a cell wall (120) determining a closed extraction chamber (150), as well as an inlet (115) and an outlet (140) ensuring the fluid connection between the extraction chamber (150) and the space outside of the extraction cell (100) formed on essentially opposite parts of the cell wall (120). The extraction cell (100) according to the invention is constructed asymmetrically from the point of view of the reversibility of the direction of flow used when the centrifugal partition chromatograph is in operation.

Abstract: In a chromatography system, including within the system an extraction vessel which receives a mixture of mobile phase and co-solvent and provides a mixture of mobile phase and co-solvent with sample to a chromatography column to increase sample concentration within the mixture. In addition, adding a reservoir to the chromatography system to form an extraction-pressurization system, wherein the mixture with sample may be collected in the reservoir and may diffuse and equilibrate to an approximately uniform sample concentration before being provided to the chromatography column. Also in addition, providing a plurality of extraction-pressurization systems to allow near-simultaneous extraction of sample and loading of the column, or concurrent extraction and loading by the plurality of extraction-pressurization systems.

Abstract: A fraction collection system includes one or more chromatography columns. The system also includes one or more fraction collectors for collecting effluent from the columns. The fraction collectors include several racks, each holding a set of collection receptacles. A control system interfaces with the fraction collectors to implement experiments. The control system provides a user interface with which users can schedule runs. The user interface includes a graphical representation of the racks and tubes of the fraction collectors. Users can schedule runs to groups of tubes, and a visual attribute of the representation of the tube in the user interface is updated to indicate that the tubes are assigned to a run.

Abstract: A slurry chamber is fastened to and held in coaxial alignment with a chromatography column by a V-band. One end of the column has an end cap and frit. A slurry of fluid and chromatographic media is placed in the column and chamber. A piston is forced through the chamber and into the column by a hydraulic ram to expel the fluid and form a media bed in the column. The slurry chamber is removed, and a split end cap is fastened to the column. A threaded recess in the split end cap receives a split, threaded collet. The collet is tightened until it pushes against the piston with the same force as the ram, at which point the ram is released and the column removed for use.

Abstract: Provided is a system for helping an operator determine the target ion, collision energy and other analysis conditions. A chromatogram selected by an operator is displayed in a chromatogram display area of an MRM measurement parameter determination window. When the operator selects a point on this chromatogram, the name of a target compound which is registered in an event linked with a range of time including the selected point in time is displayed on a compound name display area. A plurality of mass spectra collected at that point in time are also displayed in a mass spectra display area in a vertically arranged form, using the same scale on the mass axis and the same scale on the intensity axis, with the scales of their mass axes aligned with each other in the vertical direction. The operator can then check whether the selected peak corresponds to the target compound.

Abstract: Provided are a method of and an apparatus for formulating a multicomponent drug capable of surely making a multicomponent drug meeting criteria for productization with high accuracy into a product. The method and apparatus obtain a chromatogram from an extract or a base of a multicomponent drug, evaluate whether the base meets the criteria for productization based on the obtained chromatogram with high accuracy, and subject the base determined in the high-accuracy evaluating as an accepted one meeting the criteria to dosage form processing, to produce a formulated drug having a given dosage-form. The high quality evaluation is realized by using fingerprint area segmentation feature values obtained from a fingerprint formed from a chromatogram and segmented into a plurality of areas.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments are directed to a diffuser assembly configured to be disposed in an extraction path of an extracting solvent in an extraction vessel. The diffuser assembly includes a housing configured to be disposed within the extraction vessel, the housing including an inner surface and an outer surface. The diffuser assembly includes an inlet structure disposed within the housing. The diffuser assembly includes an outlet structure disposed within the housing and spaced from the inlet structure to form a mixing chamber between the inlet structure and the outlet structure. The inlet structure and the outlet structure each have a porosity configured for passage of the extracting solvent therethrough. Passage of the extracting solvent through the inlet structure, the mixing chamber, and the outlet structure redistributes flow of the extracting solvent along the extraction path.

Abstract: A chromatography lab system comprising a cooling compartment arranged to hold both fraction collector devices and sample containers, whereby the cooling compartment comprises an identifying device which is arranged to identify the fraction collector devices such that fractions from the chromatography are collected only in the fraction collector devices.

Abstract: The invention discloses a method for correcting a baseline in a chromatogram obtained using a buffer with at least one UV-absorbing component which is a weak acid or a weak base.

Abstract: Methods are described for determining the amount of metabolites of leflunomide in a sample. More specifically, mass spectrometric methods are described for detecting and quantifying teriflunomide in a sample.

Abstract: The current landscape for preparative chromatographic RNA purification uses reversed phase HPLC, but this technique presents many issues with process scale up and ion exchange for preparative purification has only been used for short RNAs. The invention provides preparative purification of RNA (e.g., mRNA) using ion (e.g., anion) exchange chromatography that allows for separation of longer RNAs up to 10,000 nucleotides in length via a scalable method. This method avoids problems with current techniques by using low pressure chromatography that is agreeable with existing equipment in cGMP commercial facilities, that uses aqueous-bases solutions as the mobile phase (rather than flammable of greater than 10 mg RNA/mL resin (e.g., using larger pore sorbents, >500 Angstroms, that display greater mRNA binding capacities), and that yields desired RNA salt forms for downstream formulation with no additional manipulation necessary (unlike ion pair reverse phase techniques).

Abstract: The present invention relates to an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) material comprising microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), microfib-rillated cellulose (MFC) or a mixture thereof, and at least one polymer forming an IPN together with the MCC, MFC or mixture thereof. The present invention further relates to a process for producing the IPN material, and to use of the IPN material in paper industry.

Abstract: A gas chromatograph is provided which is capable of effectively reducing the amount consumed of a carrier gas, reducing the time and effort required for an operator to manually set parameters, and preventing damages to a column and a detector due to a setting mistake. In a case where a stop operation for the power supply of the gas chromatograph is performed (Yes in step S101), the flow rate of a carrier gas to be supplied to a sample vaporization chamber is decreased and the temperatures of the column and the detector are sufficiently lowered (steps S102 to S104), and then the power supply of the gas chromatograph is switched over from an ON state to an OFF state (step S106).

Abstract: A multidimensional chromatographic assembly includes a pump module, an injector, a path selector device, an array of chromatographic media, a loop selector device and a detector assembly for receiving at least a portion of an analyte stream and flowing the injected stream into the detector assembly via a chromatographic medium (the first dimension). At least a portion of the analyte of interest is then channeled into a chromatographic medium of interest (the second dimension) and re-circulated through the detector assembly. The iteration (multidimension) is continued until all aspects of the chromatogram and the peaks are judged to be analyzed. The entire process is controlled from a computer and the results are collected to make decisions on the analytical and the process controls.

Abstract: A sampling module of a fluid processing apparatus includes at least one multi-configuration device connected to a filtration module. The invention relates to an area of non-disruptive sampling from any flow stream including the ones containing solids. The fluid processing apparatus remains in fluid communication with a sample processing module in all configurations of the sampling module and the parameters deemed critical for a chemical process remain unaffected during the sampling event. The entire event is controlled from a computer and the results are collected to make decisions on analytical and process controls.

Abstract: A cerium (IV) oxide composition having unexpectedly greater arsenic loading capacities than oxides of cerium (IV) of the prior art are disclosed. The arsenic loading capacities are greater at low level equilibrium levels of arsenic. The cerium (IV) oxide composition is more effective at removing arsenite and arsenate. Moreover, the cerium (IV) oxide composition has a greater capacity for the previously more difficult to remove arsenite.