Abstract: A treatment system including a vibratory mixer is disclosed. The vibratory mixer comprises a vibrating element to facilitate the dissolution of a treating agent that facilitates separation of solids from liquids in water and wastewater streams. Vibratory mixing energy that effects mixing is generated by utilizing magnetostrictive or piezoelectric materials.

Abstract: Hydraulic cement compositions that include a carbonate compound composition, e.g., a salt-water derived carbonate compound composition containing crystalline and/or amorphous carbonate compounds, are provided. Also provided are methods of making and using the hydraulic cements, as well as settable compositions, such as concretes and mortars, prepared therefrom. The cements and compositions produced therefrom find use in a variety of applications, including use in a variety of building materials and building applications.

Abstract: A method and a plant to remove metals by biosorption from mining or industrial effluents comprising: (a) subject the effluent to at least one first stage of pre-treatment, selecting among: precipitation by pH rising, solvent extraction or solvent extraction on emulsified membranes in order to reduce its load of metals to a concentration level that allows it to be treated by the next stage of biosorption, and (b) subject the liquid that has been previously in the stage of pre-treatment to a second stage of continuous metals removal by biosorption.

Abstract: The process for treating an ammonium containing liquid by denitrification treatment of an ammonium containing liquid containing at least ammonium comprises carrying out nitrate reduction treatment of reducing nitrate contained in or added to the ammonium containing liquid to nitrite, and carrying out anaerobic ammonium oxidation treatment of simultaneously anaerobically denitrifying nitrite produced in the nitrate reduction treatment and ammonium contained in the ammonium containing liquid by anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria.

Abstract: The process for treating an ammonium containing liquid by denitrification treatment of an ammonium containing liquid containing at least ammonium comprises carrying out nitrate reduction treatment of reducing nitrate contained in or added to the ammonium containing liquid to nitrite, and carrying out anaerobic ammonium oxidation treatment of simultaneously anaerobically denitrifying nitrite produced in the nitrate reduction treatment and ammonium contained in the ammonium containing liquid by anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided that introduces rapidly spinning vortices in a fluid, including water. It incorporates a fluid system, or fluid source, with a vortex creation apparatus and a frequency generation device. The vortices prepare the fluid to have memorized electromagnetic frequency signatures of harmful materials erased, and a new, desirable signature introduced. The desirable frequency can be introduced though a number of means, such as electricity, sound waves, and magnetic fields, using such devices as power leads, speakers, transducers, and magnets. Frequencies from desirable materials can also be applied by contacting the fluid with the material, such as metallic strands of copper and silver. The desirable frequencies make the fluid an inhospitable environment for the biological contaminants, such as bacteria, algae, and fungi, reducing their numbers in the fluid.

Abstract: Desalination methods that include carbonate compound precipitation are provided. In certain embodiments, feed water is subjected to carbonate compound precipitation conditions prior to desalination. In certain embodiments, desalination waste brine is subjected to carbonate compound precipitation conditions. In yet other embodiments, both feed water and waste brine are subjected to carbonate compound precipitation conditions. Aspects of embodiments of the invention include carbone dioxide sequestration. Embodiments of the invention further employ a precipitate product of the carbonate compound precipitation conditions as a building material, e.g., a cement. Also provided are systems configured for use in methods of the invention.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system for sludge treatment which transfers sludge into a dewatering device while maintaining the sludge density at a predetermined level constant suitable for dewatering the sludge even when the density of the precipitated sludge varies, thus improving the sludge treating efficiency and sludge dewatering efficiency, and reducing the amount of a coagulant to be used. In the system for sludge treatment, a sludge concentration device is installed in a mixing flocculation tank. Thus, the sludge is mixed with the coagulant and flocculated in the mixing flocculation tank to produce flocs and a supernatant, while the supernatant is directly discharged from the mixing flocculation tank. Furthermore, the amount of the supernatant is controlled to maintain the desired density of the flocs to be transferred to the dewatering device. Thus, the dewatering device can be stably operated.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided that includes: a containment system 208 having at least one sidewall and bottom that are substantially impermeable to a passage of water; a distribution system 124 to introduce an aqueous stream comprising nitrates into the containment system; a de-nitrification system 128 comprising a de-nitrification media, the media being contained within the containment system; a pump to pressurize the stream and cause the stream to pass through the de-nitrification media, thereby converting at least most of the nitrates into nitrogen gas and forming a treated stream; and a collection system 132 to remove the treated stream from the containment system.

Abstract: The invention is a non-metallic, preferably, plastic container for delivering oxygen generating materials (OGMs) into wells. By constructing the canister of a plastic and sealing the ends, the canister can be disposable or reusable.

Abstract: Apparatus (10) for treating a waterway having low pH and containing metals such as aluminium in solution, as a result of runoff from acid sulphate soils, is capable of dosing the waterway with a variety of reagents, to bring the metals out of solution and to achieve a neutral pH. The apparatus (10) includes a rotating drum tumbler (14) having a cylindrical drum (52) which, as it rotates, causes limestone rock to abrade to produce particles of calcium carbonate with which the waterway may be dosed. The inner surface of the drum (52) is provided with an abrasive surface (68) which contacts rock pieces (74) and transports them within the drum (52) as the drum (52) rotates, and with guide vanes (72) which contact and deflect the rock pieces (74), causing the rock pieces (74) to abrade each other. Other reagents in liquid and/or powder form may also be dispensed.

Abstract: A container for releasing a microbiocide component into a liquid composition susceptible to unwanted microbial growth (LCMG) includes a LCMG-impermeable casing separate and apart from an internal combustion engine housing, and having a hollow interior and at least one opening. A microbiocide component, for example, at least one LCMG-soluble microbiocide, is located in the hollow interior. At least one LCMG-permeable element is provided at or near an opening in the casing and is effective to provide for release of microbiocide component into the LCMG. Methods of releasing microbiocide component into LCMGs are also provided.

Abstract: The liquid treatment apparatus includes a raw water tank 1 in which a first magnetic-force nanobubble generator 51 is provided, and a treatment water tank 62 in which a second magnetic-force nanobubble generator 52 is provided. The first magnetic-force nanobubble generator 51 has a magnetic water activator 12, a microbubble generation section 8, a first gas shearing section 6, and a second gas shearing section 4. The second magnetic-force nanobubble generator 52 has a magnetic water activator 48, a microbubble generation section 46, a first gas shearing section 43, and a second gas shearing section 41. In the raw water tank 1 and the treatment water tank 62, magnetic-force nanobubble flows 3, 40 which are nanobubbles generated in water subjected to action of magnetic force by the magnetic water activators 12, 48 are generated.

Abstract: An on-board ship water treatment system includes such features as drinking water purification and ballast water treatment. The on-board ship water treatment system includes an on-board ship water treatment vessel. A chlorine dioxide generator is fluidly connected to the on-board ship water treatment vessel. The chlorine dioxide generator includes a chlorine dioxide gas source and an absorption loop for effecting the dissolution of chlorine dioxide into a liquid stream. The absorption loop is fluidly connected to the chlorine dioxide gas source. A gas transfer assembly is interposed between the chlorine dioxide gas source and the absorption loop.

Abstract: A system and method is provided for removing organic matter from water. The method includes contacting the water with a powdered material with an anionic or cationic surface charge and having a particle size of between 0.1 mm and 2 mm. The powdered material is a modified product of natural origin. The system and method also provides for the regeneration of the powdered material in situ and reused.

Abstract: Ballast water treatment apparatus and methods for preventing foreign aquatic invasive species form entering marine ecological zones by translocation in ship's ballast water. The apparatus includes a housing, a filter member, and UV water treatment chambers. Methods include use of a ship's fire hydrant system or ballast water discharge port for moving ballast water from the ship's ballast tanks into the apparatus for filtration and treatment. In-port service vessels and barges as well as dock-side service vehicles are equipped with the various treatment and filtration apparatus to provided in-port or dock-side ballast water treatment services. Related methods are also provided.

Abstract: A system and method for treatment of water contaminated with organisms, in particular ballast water in ships, the system including a pump (5) pumping water from the sea trough a cavitation unit (7) and into one or more ballast tanks. The cavitation unit (7) will introduce a strong cavitation in the water, the cavitating action destroying any organic tissue and cell membranes of organisms present in the water. In the cavitation unit (7) hydrogen and steam are added to the water, while oxygen is removed. The oxygen-depleted water will exhibit a reduced corrosive effect on the ballast tanks.

Abstract: A filtration unit that includes a casing that has a closed bottom and is immersed in a water storage tank (or water storage pond) into which raw water is introduced, the casing being composed of a introduction port which introduces the raw water in the water storage tank into the casing, an active carbon supply device which adds active carbon to the introduced raw water, an agitator which agitates the raw water inside the casing to which active carbon has been added, a filtration module which filters the raw water, a back flow preventing device which prevents the raw water inside the casing from flowing back into the introduction port and being discharged into the water storage tank, and a discharging device which discharges the raw water from the casing.

Abstract: A self-contained dehydration toilet having an odor-capturing steam and water recovery system. The dehydration toilet comprises a toilet bowl, a dehydration engine connected to the toilet bowl, a steam, gas and vapor conduit from the dehydrating engine, a water supply infusion tank which receives steam, gases and vapor from the dehydration engine to the infusion water tank, an ozone generator which supplies ozone to the water supply, a vacuum pump connected to the infusion water tank, and a power source supplying power to the dehydrating engine, the ozone generator, a control circuit and the vacuum pump. The dehydrating engine has a heating device and helical paddles to aid in the dehydration process. The dehydrating toilet reuses steam and captures odors and vapors with diffusion chambers in the infusion water tank.

Abstract: An apparatus for improving the characteristics of wetting water in offset printing comprises, in an operatively and functionally intercoupled relationship, a device for supplying the wetting water, a device for filtering the supplied wetting water, designed to provide an actively filtered wetting water, a plurality of magnets adapted to subject the filtered wetting water to a continuous and strong magnetic processing, a pH controlling device, adapted to control the wetting water pH at a preset acid pH value, and a device adapted to control the wetting water electrical conductivity at a set conductivity value.

Abstract: Provided are a coagulation treatment apparatus capable of removing fine objects of removal from a fluid containing the objects of removal, and a coagulation treatment method using the apparatus. A coagulation treatment apparatus for a fluid according to the present invention includes a production device for introducing ions of metal belonging to Group 8 of the periodic table into a fluid containing objects of removal and for producing a coagulated substance in which the objects of removal and the metal ions are bonded to each other.

Abstract: A method and system of providing ultrapure water for semiconductor fabrication operations is provided. The ultrapure water is treated by utilizing a free radical scavenging system and a particulate removal system. The free radical scavenging system can utilize actinic radiation with a free radical precursor compound, such as ammonium persulfate. The particulate removal system can comprise one or more ultrafiltration apparatus. The ultrapure water may be further treated by utilizing ion exchange media and degasification apparatus. A control system can be utilized in feedforward or feedback mode to regulate addition of the precursor compound and the actinic radiation source, and to maintain a temperature of the ultrapure water product.

Abstract: A portable system for on-site monitoring and treatment of water comprising a protective enclosure adapted to be positioned proximate a site of collected water, an internal fluid flow system disposed within the enclosure comprising a first conduit extending from a dirty water inlet on the enclosure to a pair of dirty water outlets and a second conduit extending from a return water inlet on the enclosure to a filtered water outlet and a clean water outlet. Probes are provided in the conduits for monitoring fluid parameters therein and communicating those parameters to a controller within the enclosure. The controller compares the measured parameter levels with predetermined acceptable levels and actuates valve members in said conduits in response to the measured parameter levels to selectively communicate the respective conduits with respective outlets for the treatment of water passing through the system.

Abstract: A dispenser or dispensable material for external attachment to a mobile surface cleaning device, mobile surface cleaning device provides an aftermarket apparatus and method for both on-the-go cleaning and on-the-go delivery of dispensable materials into the body of water with the dispensable material mounted either on a downstream side of the mobile surface cleaning device or spaced from the flow path through the mobile surface cleaning device.

Abstract: A system (10) for extracting liquid from a mass comprising a portable platform (12) having an upper surface (14), a system mass input (16), a polymer feeding and blending system (18) on the upper surface (14), a liquid extraction assembly (40) on the upper surface (14), and piping (22) having a first section (24) between the system mass input (16) and the polymer feeding and blending system (18), and a second section (26) between the polymer feeding and blending system (18) and the liquid extraction assembly (40). The system is configured to have mass inputted into the system mass input (16), transport the mass to the polymer feeding and blending system (18) through the first section (24) of the piping, inject polymer into the mass in the polymer feeding and blending system (18), and transport the mass from the polymer feeding and blending system (18) to the liquid extraction assembly (40). Pressure from the mass forced into the liquid extraction assembly (18) forces liquid in the mass to exit the mass.

Abstract: A system for treating recovered fluids off-line, the system including an ozone assembly and a reactor vessel operatively coupled to the ozone generator and having a reaction compartment and a settling compartment, wherein the reaction compartment is fluidly connected to a recovered hydrocarbons storage vessel and the settling compartment is fluidly connected to a treated oil tank is disclosed. Also disclosed is a method of treating recovered hydrocarbons off-line, the method including flowing recovered hydrocarbons from a storage vessel into a reactor vessel having a reaction compartment and a settling compartment, and injecting ozone from an ozone generator into the recovered hydrocarbons in the reaction compartment.

Abstract: An on-board system and method for treating lakes and ponds with chemicals is disclosed. The system is contained on a watercraft and can operate continuously without interruption. Water is pumped on board from the pond or lake and strained. Treatment product is introduced into the flow stream by a controlled mixing means to form a prescribed treatment solution, which is then delivered into the pond or lake. The mixing means includes a Y fitting coupled upstream from the pump. In another application, an inductor is provided downstream from the pump for mixing solid product with the flow stream to form a treatment mixture. The solution or mixture, whichever the case may be, is discharged into the pond or lake via a boom and/or a hand line outfitted with a nozzle(s). A conduit system with pump(s), valves, and manifolds connects the intake and the discharge ends of the system.

Abstract: A water purification apparatus connected to a water system includes a hopper for holding chemical tablets on a perforated bed and an underlying basin. A spray head is detachably connected to the perforated bed and sprays water onto the tablets and parallel to the perforated bed. The basin receives the water through the perforated bed. Because the hopper allows for the use of different spray head designs, the rate at which water is introduced to the tablets, and thus the chemical output, may be modified by replacing one spray head for another having a different number of spray nozzles or having spray nozzles of a different size or shape. Consequently, the hopper of the present invention may be used for delivering the proper concentration of a variety of water treatment chemicals.

Abstract: A biofilm resistant fluid handling system is provided having at least one structural component adapted to retain or deliver fluid. The at least one structural component is formed from a biofilm resistant material comprising polymeric resin and an inorganic carrier conjugated with a biocidal metal ion. When a surface of the at least one structural component is exposed to a continuous or intermittent aqueous solution environment the formation of active biofilm on the surface is prevented and planktonic bacteria in proximity of said surface is killed. Additionally, methods for extending the biocidal properties of a biofilm resistant fluid handling system are provided.

Abstract: An ultraviolet irradiation water treatment apparatus includes a vessel having a cylindrical side portion, and plural rod-shaped ultraviolet lamps are disposed in parallel with a central axis of the side portion in the vessel. A water inlet pipe through which water flows into the vessel is provided in an outer wall of the side portion at a position in a tangential direction of an inner periphery of the side portion.

Abstract: A reverse osmosis system includes a plurality of feed pumps each having a feed pump input and a feed pump output, an input manifold in fluid communication with the feed pump inputs and a membrane feed manifold in fluid communication with the feed pump output. The system also includes a plurality of membrane chambers each in fluid communication with the membrane feed manifold and generating a permeate output and a brine output, each brine output in fluid communication with a brine manifold. The system further includes a plurality of booster devices each having a turbine portion with a turbine input in fluid communication with the brine manifold and a pump portion having a booster device pump input and a booster device pump output, each booster device pump output in fluid communication with the membrane feed manifold. The system includes a pump input manifold in fluid communication with the booster device pump input.

Abstract: The method for treating an ammonium-containing liquid which biologically denitrifies ammonium contained in the ammonium-containing liquid in an anaerobic atmosphere, the method comprises the steps of: bringing the ammonium-containing liquid into contact with anaerobic bacteria in a biological treatment tank, the anaerobic bacteria having an ability to biologically denitrify the ammonium in the anaerobic atmosphere; and adding nitrite to the biological treatment tank from a nitrite storage tank concurrently with the bringing step, the nitrite storage tank storing the nitrite with a certain concentration.

Abstract: A system for filtering organic molecules from an electrolyte solution, including a feed inlet line adapted to carry a solution with organic molecules, a filter vessel secured to the inlet line, and a pump adapted to introduce dissolved air into the solution in the feed inlet line. The filter vessel is a solvent extraction filter having coalescing media above a solution outlet at the bottom of the vessel and an organic vent outlet at the top of the vessel. The system operates by (a) dissolving air into the solution, (b) inputting the solution with dissolved air into the filter vessel, (c) outletting solution from the bottom vessel outlet to flow solution down through coalescing media, and (d) periodically venting floating organic molecules from the top of the vessel.

Abstract: A method and device for oxidization of materials in supercritical water. The method involves a) introducing a fluid containing water and an oxidizing agent in a ring-shaped area and through a first end of a substantially tube-shaped reactor comprising an external wall and an internal tube, b) heating the fluid in the ring-shaped area, c) introducing the heated fluid into the internal tube and simultaneously introducing material to be treated into said internal tube at a second end of the reactor, d) mixing the fluid and the material to be treated in a first portion of the internal tube, followed by cooling the obtained mixture in a second portion of the internal tube, and e) isobarically discharging the fluid/oxidized material from the internal tube of the reactor.

Abstract: The process for treating an ammonium containing liquid by denitrification treatment of an ammonium containing liquid containing at least ammonium comprises carrying out nitrate reduction treatment of reducing nitrate contained in or added to the ammonium containing liquid to nitrite, and carrying out anaerobic ammonium oxidation treatment of simultaneously anaerobically denitrifying nitrite produced in the nitrate reduction treatment and ammonium contained in the ammonium containing liquid by anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria.

Abstract: A UV disinfectant system for treatment of water resident in a vessel. One or more UV lamps are mounted within the interior of the vessel so as to expose the water stored therein. The vessel may be, for example, a water tank, water heater, water filter or other component which holds a volume of water. A layer of photoreactive material may be formed on an inside surface of a wall of the vessel so as to be exposed to the UV radiation from the lamp. The photoreactive material may be tin dioxide, titanium dioxide, or other material that produces hydroxyl ions in response to UV exposure. The hydroxyl ions flow from the vessel into the piping and other components of the system so as to inhibit microbial action therein. The UV lamps may be mounted in quartz sleeves that surround the lamps for immersion in water and that are supported to protect the sleeves and lamps from vibration damage. The system may also be used to prevent freeze damage to the vessel and water system.

Abstract: A wastewater treatment equipment of an embodiment of the present invention neutralizes a WTBT 12 by introducing the WTBT 12 containing fluorine components to a first treatment tank 11A and by introducing an NaOH solution from a second path P2 and so on. The fluorine components contained in the WTBT 12 is then fixed as calcium fluoride by adding calcium components to the WTBT 12 stored in a second treatment tank 11B. Furthermore, MTBR like calcium fluoride are separated from the WTBT in a third treatment tank 11C. The separated MTBR are rinsed and dewatered in a filter press 17.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for treating a body of water to kill microorganisms by enhancing the concentration metal ions therein.

Abstract: A recirculating wastewater evapotranspiration and disinfection system is disclosed which wastewater is collected, stored, aerated. and circulated through an unsaturated and optionally heated planter/filter bed containing soil microorganisms and living plants (a phytosphere) in which aerated wastewater is circulated and recirculated through the entire system until all of the wastewater and it's constituents are utilized by either evaporation, transpiration, gasification and the production of living plants and their by-products (phytomass) or disinfected for reuse. A phytosphere is comprised of the rhizoplane/rhizosphere (roots of plants and their associated soils and soil organisms) and the phytomass (stalks, shoots, vines, trunks, hold-fasts, leaves, fruits, seeds and flowers).

Abstract: A sludge reduction system that reduces the volume of solids contained in a fluid medium such as a wastewater stream. The system reduces the disposal burden and reduces odors by oxidizing organic material such as raw or activated sludge in an ozone oxidation zone and then separating the concentrated sludge for extraction in a concentrated sludge extraction zone. The sludge reduction system is particularly useful in applications such as cruise ships because (1) the reduction of sludge saves space and energy costs, and (2) the reduction of odors permits shipboard treatment rather than holding in tanks for later discharge.

Abstract: The present invention provides a dispensing apparatus and method for the delivery of remediation agents into waste systems wherein the apparatus is capable of generating and maintaining a controlled release of a concentrated remediation composition throughout the delivery cycle. The invention also provides a dispensing apparatus and methods wherein the remediation agent is a remediation agent that includes living organisms. Finally, the invention provides a waste water remediation dispensing apparatus and method useful in preventing dry trap in drain systems containing U-traps.

Abstract: The control systems and technique can regulate or control operations of a water treatment system in a primary control mode and, when appropriate, in a secondary or an alternate control mode. The primary control can represent a normal control mode during which the water treatment system is intended to operate. The alternate control mode can represent a second control or mode of operation. The systems can be operated to control or facilitate regulation, monitoring, and performance of one or more operating parameters of one or more water systems between, or to and from, a first mode, a second or alternate mode, and, in some cases, a third or even a fourth control mode. The change in control mode can be triggered by identifying one or more predetermined, pre-selected, and/or programmed conditions.

Abstract: A microbiological energy source for driving an electrical or mechanical consumer is disclosed, wherein at least one filling body having a piezoelectric or similar effect is received in a bioreactor. This bioreactor encloses waste water flowing through it, and contains a mixture of micro-organisms that form a positive pole and a negative pole of the energy source as a result of the microbiological decomposition of organic matter contained in the waste water.

Abstract: A system and method for the treatment and reduction of sludge via ozonation in a wastewater treatment process is disclosed. The sludge treatment system comprises: a sludge ozonation reactor coupled to an activated sludge treatment basin and adapted to receive a liquid stream of sludge containing biosolids from the activated sludge treatment basin. The sludge treatment system also includes an ozone-enriched gas injection system operatively coupled to the reactor and adapted to inject ozone-enriched gas into the liquid stream at or upstream of the sludge ozonation reactor. The sludge ozonation reactor is configured to allow effective gas-liquid contacting between the ozone-enriched gas and the liquid stream so as to oxidize the biosolids in the liquid stream and initiate bacterial cell lysis thereby reducing the biosolids. Upon reduction of the biosolids, the liquid stream is returned via a return line to the activated sludge basin or other discharge point.

Abstract: A fluid clarification system and method is described in which fluid is passed through one or more settling compartments, each having a solids outlet at the base of the compartment. The base of each compartment includes inclined surfaces for guiding settled solids to the outlet. Also described is a polymer reaction trough including baffles to promote gentle mixing of inflow fluid with flocculant. The system is designed to reduce costs of transportation, flocculent, and solids handling. The system is preferably arranged to facilitate transport on a skid or trailer, while maximizing fluid handling capabilities and minimizing costs.

Abstract: A process for improving a liquid carrying system comprising physically disrupting a biofilm on interior surfaces of the liquid carrying system and then providing molecular iodine onto the disrupted biofilm in a concentration in aqueous material onto the biofilm of at least 10 parts per million. The reactants may be provided before physical disruption also. The molecular iodine may be added in gaseous or liquid or solid state, and may be formed in situ in the interior of the liquid carrier system using available or added water in the reaction.

Abstract: A system and method is disclosed for pre-treating water to remove substantial amounts of particulates prior to filtration. A coagulant, such as chitosan is mixed with turbid water and adheres to particulate matter to form large clumps. The water/coagulant mixture is placed in a first reservoir elevated above a second reservoir having a strip of porous material, such as polyester felt, positioned with one end in the first reservoir and another end above the second reservoir and preferably below the waterline in the first reservoir. A middle portion of the porous material is elevated above the first and second ends, but at a height relative to the waterline of the first reservoir that is equal or less than the height water will rise in the porous material due to capillary action.

Abstract: Filtration of water to provide cleansed water, using an assembly that monitors the volume of water cleansed and back-flushes the filtration media based on that volume. The assembly includes a control valve that monitors the amount of water that has been processed, controls the addition of water and oxygen to the assembly, and thus affects the overall operation of the assembly.

Abstract: A system and method for mixing high viscous liquids with gas is provided. The disclosed embodiments include a reactor or mixing vessel having a draft tube disposed therein, a gas injection subsystem adapted to inject gas into the reactor or mixing vessel proximate the entrance of the draft tube. The embodiments also include an agitator disposed within the draft tube which makes the draft tube the primary site for the gas-liquid mixing. In particular, the agitator is adapted to create gas bubbles having an average diameter between about 0.3 mm and 3.0 mm which are then ejected into the reactor or mixing vessel. The mass transfer efficiency associated with the present system and method is enhanced from the combined effect of gas dissolution into the high viscous liquid within the draft tube and greater bubble residence time within the high viscous liquid.

Abstract: The invention relates to hydrocyclones for ballast water treatment. The invention further relates to ballast water treatment systems comprising such hydrocyclones and methods of operating such hydrocyclones and ballast water treatment systems.