Serially Connected Distinct Treating With Or Without Storage Units Patents (Class 210/252)
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Patent number: 6123841Abstract: A waste-water filtration device for fish cultivation comprises a thin rotatable filter material through which waste water flows from the inside surface to the outside surface, a removing means which comprises a brush on either of the inside or outside surfaces for relatively scraping the inside and outside surfaces of said rotatable filter material, and a drive assembly which comprises a power supply means and a bearing means to drive the rotatable filter material whereby the rotatable filter is cleaned by removing the waste matter which adheres to said filter material.Type: GrantFiled: November 26, 1997Date of Patent: September 26, 2000Assignee: Ryubi Company Ltd.Inventor: Fumihiro Gotoh
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Patent number: 6110361Abstract: A method for decontaminating both soil and mixed waste water polluted by hydrocarbons in a single integrated process is disclosed. Contaminated mixed waste fluid is separated into water and hydrocarbons which are then used in the thermal decontamination of polluted soil through the volatilization of hydrocarbon contaminants. Flue gases containing the volatilized hydrocarbons from the thermal soil decontamination undergo oxidation. Thermal energy from the soil decontamination process and the thermal oxidization of the flue gases can be recovered and used to facilitate the separation of hydrocarbons and water. In this integrated system, every by-product of each step is either decontaminated or consumed in another operation of the system. Energy conservation within this system is also realized by the use of heat exchangers to transfer energy from where it is created by the process to where it is used elsewhere to enhance efficiency within the process.Type: GrantFiled: September 29, 1998Date of Patent: August 29, 2000Assignee: C. George BowerInventors: C. George Bower, Allan W. Bernat
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Patent number: 6106727Abstract: An automated system for processing biological fluid includes a pressure differential generator, a biological fluid processing assembly, and an automated control arrangement coupled to at least one of the pressure differential generator and the biological fluid processing assembly. The automated system may include a porous medium, such as a red cell barrier medium, a leukocyte depletion medium, or a combination red cell barrier/leukocyte depletion medium. The automated system may also include a sensor producing a signal reflecting a parameter of fluid flow.Type: GrantFiled: October 14, 1997Date of Patent: August 22, 2000Assignee: Pall CorporationInventors: Eric J. Krasnoff, Thomas J. Bormann, Thomas C. Gsell, Frank R. Pascale, Vlado I. Matkovich
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Patent number: 6077432Abstract: A method and system for carrying out the bio-degradation of perchlorates, nitrates, hydrolysates and other energetic materials from wastewater, including process groundwater, ion exchange effluent brines, hydrolyzed energetics, drinking water and soil wash waters, which utilizes at least one microaerobic reactor having a controlled microaerobic environment and containing a mixed bacterial culture. By the method of the present invention, perchlorates, nitrates, hydrolysates and other energetics can be reduced to non-detectable concentrations, in a safe and cost effective manner, using readily available non-toxic low cost nutrients. The treatment of significantly higher concentrations of perchlorate, nitrate, etc. (<1.5 wt %) than was previously contemplated is made possible.Type: GrantFiled: March 15, 1999Date of Patent: June 20, 2000Assignee: Applied Research Associates, Inc.Inventors: Edward N. Coppola, Glen R. McDonald
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Patent number: 6059968Abstract: Assemblies and methods process cord blood in a sterile fashion to avoid exposure to bacterial contamination. A transfer tube couples a cord blood processing container to an other container, which, in use, holds a cryopreservative solution. The transfer tube has an interior diameter that is restricted substantially along its entire length, to meter the introduction of cryopreservation solution into cord blood at a desired rate, thereby avoiding damage or trauma to the cord blood cells.Type: GrantFiled: January 20, 1998Date of Patent: May 9, 2000Assignee: Baxter International Inc.Inventor: Ludwig Wolf, Jr.
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Patent number: 6051136Abstract: A disposable sterile apparatus (1) for blood filtration with a system for the optimization of blood recovery in the passage from one pouch to the next, having a main tube (4, 8, 13, 18, 19) containing sterile air, one end of which is designed for the connection to a first container (pouch) (2) containing the liquid to be filtered and the other end of which is connected to a second empty container (pouch) (20): The foregoing tube (4, 8, 13, 18, 19) includes at least one filter (12) being arranged in the flow of the liquid. The apparatus (1) contains a tube (7) for the return of air from the second container (20) to the first container (2) acting to equalize pressure of the liquid at the two extremities of the main tube (4, 8, 13, 18, 19) after the liquid has been filtered. The filter (12) features two interior semi-chambers with filtration material separating them. The first semi-chamber has an inlet port while the second semi-chamber has an outlet port and a venting port.Type: GrantFiled: May 14, 1998Date of Patent: April 18, 2000Inventor: Giorgio Mari
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Patent number: 6030528Abstract: A waste water treatment plant for removing nitrogen and phosphorus is provided. The plant is operable by flow path change and intermittent aeration by the combination of at least two sets if intra-clarifier type oxidation ditches, external-clarifier type oxidation ditches or activated sludge processes.Type: GrantFiled: June 22, 1998Date of Patent: February 29, 2000Inventor: Sang-Bae Han
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Patent number: 6024883Abstract: A disk for holding, centrifuging and microscopically viewing fluid samples is provided. The disk includes a plurality of reaction wells radiating outwardly and includes a barrier to restrain particles during centrifugation. This disk is used in the disclosed apparatus and method for blood typing and related procedures. The apparatus comprises sample loading, mixing, centrifuging, incubating, viewing and sterilizing stations. Additionally, a photomicrograph of the sample is taken, digitized, displayed, stored and printed along with corresponding test results and interpretation.Type: GrantFiled: May 17, 1996Date of Patent: February 15, 2000Assignee: ImmuTech, Inc.Inventor: Charles R. Jewell
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Patent number: 6015493Abstract: A remote filtration unit for liquid distribution systems (LDS) used for delivering ultra-pure liquids for semiconductor manufacturing processes is provided. The filtration unit includes a plurality of filtration systems enclosed in separate compartments, wherein each compartment is served by an input and an output lead line. Using quick connect/disconnect fittings, the liquid distribution system (LDS) channel is tapped at desired locations and bypass loops are inserted in the channel. A bypass loop includes an input lead line, an associated filtration unit compartment including a filtration system, and an output lead line. Using bypass loops, LDS liquid is routed into the remote filtration system, cleaned, and then channeled back into the liquid distribution system or target product or process area.Type: GrantFiled: July 14, 1997Date of Patent: January 18, 2000Assignee: Teleparts International, Inc.Inventors: Kenneth Smith, Brent Krick, Alejandro Garcia
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Patent number: 6007725Abstract: Systems and methods convey anticoagulated blood suspension from a donor into a separation device for component separation. One or more components are retained for therapeutic use, while one or more are returned to the donor. The systems and methods monitor the rate at which anticoagulant carried in the returned components is being returned. The rate, expressed in terms of milligram (mg) of anticoagulant per kilogram (kg) of donor body weight per unit of time of blood processing, is compared to a nominal rate that is correlated with donor comfort.Type: GrantFiled: November 21, 1997Date of Patent: December 28, 1999Assignee: Baxter International Inc.Inventor: Richard I. Brown
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Patent number: 6001242Abstract: A method and apparatus for filtering particulates from a turbid liquid is provided. The apparatus is preferably used to filter particulates from water used to flush a pipeline after a cleaning operation, after hydrostatic testing or during product displacement at a high flow rate. The apparatus includes an inlet valve for receiving the turbid liquid from a liquid source connected to a gas buster for discharging the turbid liquid and air into a break tank located beneath the gas buster. A self-cleaning portable liquid filter having an inlet is connected to an outlet of the break tank and includes a screen filter for receiving the turbid liquid from the break tank. Particulates from the turbid water are accumulated on an internal surface of the screen filter and clean water is discharged from the filter through a discharge port. A flush mechanism is provided to rinse the accumulated particulate cake from the surface of the screen filter upon actuation of an automatic rinse cycle.Type: GrantFiled: September 22, 1998Date of Patent: December 14, 1999Assignee: Pipetronix, Inc.Inventors: Dale England, Harvey Futrell, Gunnar Kopp
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Patent number: 5993753Abstract: A dual chemical feeder device treats a fluid simultaneously with two different chemical compositions which may not be wholly compatible. In an exemplary embodiment for application in swimming pools, hot tubs, spas and the like, a chlorinator is combined with a sanitizing canister in a chlorinator/sanitizer to chemically treat the full flow of water through the apparatus with a chlorine-based chemical composition and another chemical composition. In alternate embodiments, the chlorinator/sanitizer is configured as a parallel treatment unit and as a series treatment unit. In the series treatment unit, the full flow through the chlorinator also flows through the sanitizing media in the santizing canister, so that all the water is both chlorinated and sanitized by the chlorinator/sanitizer. In the parallel treatment unit, the flow within the unit is divided into two streams which are separately treated.Type: GrantFiled: February 11, 1998Date of Patent: November 30, 1999Assignee: H-Tech, Inc.Inventor: Donald R. Davidson
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Patent number: 5993370Abstract: A separation zone for separating platelets from a platelet-rich suspension establishes a relationship between its radial thickness (h) and axial height (Z) that, taking into account the given angular velocity of rotation and the given kinematic viscosity of the platelet-rich suspension introduced through the inlet, represents a (.lambda.) value that is less than 700,where ##EQU1## where: .OMEGA. is the angular velocity (in rad/sec);h is the radial depth (or thickness) of the chamber (in cm);.upsilon. is the kinematic viscosity of the fluid being separated (in cm.sup.2 /sec); andZ is the axial height of the chamber (in cm).Type: GrantFiled: November 25, 1997Date of Patent: November 30, 1999Assignee: Baxter International Inc.Inventors: Richard I. Brown, Dale R. Ellis
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Patent number: 5976388Abstract: An improved autologous blood salvage system is provided in which blood is removed from a patient and may be processed in a manner wherein an anticoagulant solution is for cycled for reuse. Further, the system may be employed for contemporaneous blood filtering and red blood separation. In one embodiment, anticoagulated blood is contemporaneously filtered and defoamed within a rotating processing bowl, while red blood cells are separated, washed and collected within the bowl and an anticoagulant solution is cycled from the bowl for re-use. During a red blood cell removal mode, the flow of anticoagulated blood into the bowl may be suspended/terminated and the bowl pressurized to remove the red blood cells. The improved system provides for the recovery of a high quality red blood cell product, with reduced processing time requirements/user training, and reduced disposable componentry and related costs.Type: GrantFiled: May 20, 1997Date of Patent: November 2, 1999Assignee: Cobe Cardiovascular Operating Co., Inc.Inventor: Gary Allen Carson
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Patent number: 5954971Abstract: Automated filtration of whole blood or blood components is accomplished in a manner that ensures consistent flow or pressure characteristics through the filter. A feedback circuit monitors pressure in the vicinity of the filter inlet and controls operation of a fluid pump that sends one or more unfiltered blood components into the filter. Using this arrangement, a variety of parameters relating to filtration efficacy can be precisely controlled, including flow rate, flow pressure, and average pressure over a predetermined volume. The system may provide an alarm or automatic cut-off in the event a maximum value of one of the parameters is reached or exceeded. The system is also capable of serially filtering multiple blood products through the single filter and accommodating different flow or pressure characteristics associated with each such product.Type: GrantFiled: January 7, 1997Date of Patent: September 21, 1999Assignee: Haemonetics CorporationInventors: Etienne Pages, Alain Dransart, Yair Egozy, Yves Baratelli
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Patent number: 5951870Abstract: A blood processing system such as a dialysis system may be primed by passing priming solution in a first direction of flow through at least one of the sets, to cause the priming solution to enter an in-line chamber carried by the one set in a flow direction that is retrograde to the normal direction of blood flow through the chamber. Preferably, the in-line chamber carries a filter. Simultaneously, one removes air from the one set through a port. In another, preferably simultaneous step of the process, one passes priming solution in the second, reverse direction of flow to the first direction, through the blood processing unit and connected sets for continuing to remove air from the system through the port, to complete priming of the system.Type: GrantFiled: October 21, 1997Date of Patent: September 14, 1999Assignee: DSU Medical CorporationInventor: David S. Utterberg
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Patent number: 5951863Abstract: Medical drug formulation and delivery system includes a reverse osmosis device for purifying water from a source comprising a housing having an inlet for passage of water from the source, a first outlet for passage of purified water from the housing and a second outlet for passage of waste water remaining after purification. A first reverse osmosis multilayer assembly is disposed within the housing in fluid communication with the inlet for purification of at least a first portion of the water from the source. Water treatment chemicals can be positioned in a core about which the first reserve osmosis multilayer assembly is wound. The treatment chemicals are in fluid communication with the first reverse osmosis multilayer assembly to receive the first purified portion of water and for removal of at least chemical contaminants therefrom.Type: GrantFiled: June 20, 1994Date of Patent: September 14, 1999Assignee: Abbott LaboratoriesInventors: Robert J. Kruger, Warren P Frederick, R. Hayes Helgren, Mark E. Larkin, Joaquin Mayoral, Brad A. Schmolesky, Roman W Siczek, Kenneth J. Timmons
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Patent number: 5948251Abstract: A method of disinfecting a blood tubing set on a dialysis machine after the blood tubing set has been used in a dialysis treatment. One end of the blood tubing set is connected to a disinfection port on the dialysis machine and an opposite end of the blood tubing set is connected to a waste drain. The dialysis machine provides a supply of a disinfectant solution to the disinfection port. A blood pump on the dialysis machine pumps the disinfectant solution from the disinfection port to the waste drain through the blood tubing set to expel contaminants from the blood tubing set. The blood tubing set is preferably connected to a dialyzer which is disinfected when the disinfectant solution is pumped through the blood tubing set. A supply of cleaning solution or water may be pumped through the blood tubing set and dialyzer to expel the disinfectant solution. A supply of air may be pumped through the blood tubing set and dialyzer to expel substantially all fluid from the blood tubing set and dialyzer.Type: GrantFiled: November 7, 1997Date of Patent: September 7, 1999Assignee: COBE Laboratories, Inc.Inventor: James Brugger
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Patent number: 5935436Abstract: Filter devices for simultaneously removing leukocytes and viral inactivating agents from whole blood or blood fractions are disclosed. One type of device comprises (1) a housing surrounding (2) activated carbon and (3) a mechanically stable polymeric material which may optionally be modified to attach a ligand for leukocytes. General methods for removing leukocytes and viral inactivating agents from blood and plasma are also disclosed.Type: GrantFiled: May 23, 1997Date of Patent: August 10, 1999Assignee: Hemasure Inc.Inventors: Eric Kin-Lam Lee, Yves Fouron, Franco Castino, Charles Melvyn Zepp
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Patent number: 5902476Abstract: A hemodialyzer apparatus comprises a reusable dialyzer membrane as well as reusable blood flow path and dialysis flow path units. The apparatus automatically primes itself and makes dialysis solution from dry chemicals, concentrates, and fresh water which is provided to the apparatus. Also, after use, the apparatus automatically prepares cleaning and rinsing solution for the cleaning and rinsing of the dialyzer membrane as well as the dialyzate and blood flow path means, to provide a system which is so simplified in terms of automatic operation that it may be usable for daily dialysis at home.Type: GrantFiled: March 28, 1997Date of Patent: May 11, 1999Inventor: Zbylut J. Twardowski
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Patent number: 5895571Abstract: A hemodialysis system includes the following: a dialysate handling unit for providing dialysate to the patient. This unit includes a hemodialysis solution pump and apparatus for monitoring hemodialysis solution safety such as a conductivity tester. Additionally a solution heater and appropriate conventional controls can be provided, as well as a proportioning system, an ultrafiltration measuring unit, and other known apparatus for handling dialysis solution. A blood handling unit is also provided, which includes a membrane dialyzer and holder, a blood pump, blood flow tubing and safety equipment for monitoring blood flow as it is pumped through the arterial/venous blood conduit set tubing from the patient, through the membrane dialyzer, and back to the patient. A first conduit is present for conveying fresh dialysate from the dialysate handling unit to the blood handling unit (or directly to the membrane dialyzer).Type: GrantFiled: October 1, 1997Date of Patent: April 20, 1999Assignee: Medisystems Technology CorporationInventor: David S. Utterberg
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Patent number: 5868927Abstract: Disclosed is a system for processing relatively small volumes of waste water such as that found in residential home use. The system first comprises a chamber adapted to hold the waste water. The system further comprises a first filter adapted to remove course material from the waste water and a second filter adapted to remove fine materials from the waste water. The system further comprises a disinfectant chamber adapted to disinfect the waste water. The system comprises a pump adapted to pump the waste water from the chamber through the first and second filters, and the disinfectant chamber.Type: GrantFiled: February 19, 1997Date of Patent: February 9, 1999Assignee: Smith & Mercer, Inc.Inventors: Carole M. Smith, Philip W. Mercer
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Patent number: 5858238Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for salvaging blood from a patient are disclosed. A blood salvaging and/or blood processing circuit coupled to a cardiopulmonary bypass circuit, cardiotomy circuit, or directly to the patient comprises a hemocentrator for removing water, fluids, and low molecular weight solutes by ultrafiltration and a sorbent-containing plasma separator for removing a selected solute, such as heparin. A combination device for salvaging blood comprises a closed plasma chamber containing a plasma chamber solution, a hollow fiber plasma-separating membrane for receiving blood and permitting plasma to be transported therethrough into the plasma chamber solution and for refiltering the treated plasma back into the blood circuit, a selective sorbent for contacting the selected solute in the plasma and binding the selected solute, and an ultrafiltration membrane for removing water, fluids, and low molecular weight components from the plasma.Type: GrantFiled: March 7, 1997Date of Patent: January 12, 1999Assignee: Baxter Research Medical, Inc.Inventors: James C. McRea, Stephanie Poulsen, Yong Nian Xia, Kirk Fowers
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Patent number: 5855782Abstract: The present invention is directed to an arrangement for the elimination of substances by means of a membrane filter wherein the use is foreseen both in the blood cleaning procedures as well as in chemical and biotechnological separation techniques. The fluid containing the substances is run through the primary side of the membrane filter and the secondary side is flowed through by a adsorptive suspension which contains the substance binding particles. A pump drives the adsorptive suspension through the secondary side of membrane filter and causes in this way locally differentiable positive and negative transmembrane pressure differences whereby a local fluid exchange occurs and by means of which the active substances come into contact with the particles. Since the volume of the adsorptive suspension in the secondary circuit is held constant, the mean transmembrane pressure does not alter.Type: GrantFiled: February 9, 1996Date of Patent: January 5, 1999Inventors: Dieter Falkenhagen, Heinrich Schima, Fritz Loth
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Patent number: 5846419Abstract: A hemo(dia)filtration apparatus (10) is described comprising a dialyzer (12) and two sterile filters (38) and (60). The first chambers (42) and (64) of both sterile filters (38) and (60) may be switched at least intermittently during flow through, thereby flushing out membranes (40) and (62) of both sterile filters (38) and (60) and effectively preventing an accumulation of germs and pyrogens. This prevents an increase in the transmembrane pressure (TMP), which reduces the likelihood of a rupture, thereby ensuring sterility of the dialyzer fluid and improving the operating safety of the hemodiafiltration apparatus (10).Type: GrantFiled: July 10, 1997Date of Patent: December 8, 1998Assignee: Fresenius AGInventor: Bernd Nederlof
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Patent number: 5824216Abstract: A container for housing body fluids, preferably blood in its component form. The container comprises a body defined by flexible walls having an interior for housing the body fluid. Additionally, a means for allowing selective fluid flow allows the blood components to be expressed from one chamber of the container into another to separate and separately house the blood components. The present invention also provides a method for separating blood into its components and individually storing same.Type: GrantFiled: May 17, 1996Date of Patent: October 20, 1998Assignee: Baxter International Inc.Inventors: Michel Joie, Jack Debrauwere, Jean-Claude Bernes, Richard Goldhaber
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Patent number: 5811005Abstract: An apparatus for intravenous administration of solutions of cell-free hemoglobin is disclosed. The apparatus includes a solution of cell-free hemoglobin in fluid connection with a housing having an inlet and an outlet through which the solution of cell-free hemoglobin flows and a nitroxide bound to a matrix is contained within the housing to alleviate oxygen toxicity to the cell-free hemoglobins.Type: GrantFiled: October 12, 1995Date of Patent: September 22, 1998Inventor: Jen-Chang Hsia
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Patent number: 5804079Abstract: Systems and methods separate whole blood containing leukocytes in a first separation chamber into a first layer comprising red blood cells, a second layer comprising a suspension of platelets, and an interface between the first and second layers. The systems and methods convey the suspension of platelets into a second separation chamber while simultaneously filtering the suspension of platelets to reduce the number of leukocytes. The systems and methods separate the filtered suspension of platelets in the second separation chamber into a platelet-rich concentrate and platelet-poor component.Type: GrantFiled: September 24, 1996Date of Patent: September 8, 1998Assignee: Baxter International Inc.Inventor: Richard I. Brown
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Patent number: 5804067Abstract: A method and apparatus for magnetic treatment of liquids. The method involves a single step of flowing the liquids through a plurality of magnetic fields, the magnetic fields alternating in field direction and progressively decreasing in field strength.Type: GrantFiled: July 9, 1996Date of Patent: September 8, 1998Assignee: Hydroworld International (Canada), Ltd.Inventors: Wallace John McDonald, Kevin James Humphreys, Reginald Duncan Humphreys, Karl Rudolph Kopecky, Gary Wayne Adams
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Patent number: 5798040Abstract: The present invention provides a water purification cartridge with unidirectional fluid flow through the filter media. Preferably, the fluid flow is down through the media to prevent fluidization of the media which can have a negative effect on the capacity of the filter cartridge to filter fluid. A cartridge assembly includes a plurality of cartridge units. Each cartridge unit has a bottom cap and a top cap. Preferably, the top cap includes the inlet and outlet ports for each cartridge unit. The fluid flows into the cartridge, down the filter media to the lower end and a bottom cap collects the filtered fluid and directs the fluid to a tube which extends from the lower end of the cartridge to the upper end. The tube is rigidly mounted at the top of the cartridge and slidingly mounted on the bottom of the cartridge. Additionally, a novel method of making a filter cartridge is disclosed.Type: GrantFiled: February 9, 1996Date of Patent: August 25, 1998Assignee: United States Filter CorporationInventor: Li-Shiang Liang
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Patent number: 5779902Abstract: A liquid filtration device useable for removing leukocytes from blood is disclosed. Located in-line on the upstream side of the filtration device is a vent device which is configured to allow liquid being filtered to flow therethrough and creates a pressure head sufficient to prevent air from entering the vent until the fluid flow therethrough stops and thereby allows air to automatically enter the vent to allow the air to drain liquid through the filtration device. The vent minimizes air entering the filtration system during the flow of liquid flow therethrough while automatically allowing air to enter the system and thereby drain the system when the flow of fluid stops.Type: GrantFiled: July 25, 1997Date of Patent: July 14, 1998Assignee: HemaSure, Inc.Inventor: Peter Zuk, Jr.
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Patent number: 5776338Abstract: A disposable sterile apparatus (1) for blood filtration with a system for the optimization of blood recovery in the passage from one pouch to the next, having a main tube (4, 8, 13, 18, 19) containing sterile air, one end of which is designed for the connection to a first container (pouch) (2) containing the liquid to be filtered and the other end of which is connected to a second empty container (pouch) (20). The foregoing tube (4, 8, 13, 18, 19) includes at least one filter (12) being arranged in the flow of the liquid. The apparatus (1) contains a tube (7) for the return of air from the second (20) to the first container (2) acting to equalize pressure of the liquid at the two extremities of the main tube (4, 8, 13, 18, 19) after the liquid has been filtered. The filter (12) features two interior semi-chambers with filtration material separating them. The first semi-chamber has an inlet port while the second semi-chamber has an outlet port and a venting port.Type: GrantFiled: November 22, 1996Date of Patent: July 7, 1998Assignee: Biofil s.r.l.Inventor: Giorgio Mari
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Patent number: 5772900Abstract: A working fluid containing dispersed abrasive grains is used in abrasive machining, and a used working fluid contaminated with cutting chips or swarf produced during the abrasive machining is processed by first filter device, so that the abrasive grains in the used working fluid is recovered in the form of a suspension to provide a reclaimed working fluid in which the amount of the cutting chips is reduced. The used working fluid is reclaimed by the device, and the useful abrasive grains included in the used working fluid can be efficiently utilized without being discarded, whereby the abrasive grains in the working fluid is effectively utilized and the working cost is reduced. The device employs a so-called cross flow filtration system, wherein filtration films have mesh openings which are sufficiently smaller than an average grain size of the abrasive grains.Type: GrantFiled: March 15, 1996Date of Patent: June 30, 1998Assignee: Noritake Co., LimitedInventors: Hiroshi Yorita, Takashi Yoshikawa
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Patent number: 5762782Abstract: Water treatment and pretreatment methods and processes for use in a dialysate preparation machine are described. In one aspect, water is passed through a first filter having chlorine removal properties and then passed into a line. Water is removed from the line at a sample location. The removed water is periodically sampled for the presence of chlorine or chloramines. The presence of chlorine or chloramines indicates that the filtration capacity for chlorine of the first filter is substantially exhausted. The method further includes the step of filtering the water downstream from the sample location in a second filter having chlorine removal properties, and replacing the first filter if chlorine or chlorine is detected during the sampling step. Water pretreatment may be provided by mixing hot and cold water from a source with a temperature-controlled mixing valve and passing the water through the first filter, so as to provide warm, filtered water to the dialysate preparation machine.Type: GrantFiled: July 16, 1997Date of Patent: June 9, 1998Assignee: Aksys, Ltd.Inventors: Rodney S. Kenley, Dawn Matthews, Dennis M. Treu
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Patent number: 5753106Abstract: An annular throughflow photoreactor for oxidative photopurification includes an elongate radiation source surrounded by a transparent wall in the form of a spacer tube at a radial spacing of more than 3 cm, preferably in the range of more than 3 cm to 13 cm. The irradiance, i.e. the radiant flux per irradiated area is thereby reduced in comparison to a classic annular photoreactor. At unchanged irradiation power, this results in considerably increased quantum yields or extent of photoconversion in cases in which such conversion is dependent upon the square root of the irradiance, and thus enables enormous savings in radiation energy. Under such conditions, the photoconversion may be additionally increased by using low absorber concentrations and infeeding further absorber on the inside of the outer wall of the photoreactor as well as by working in the presence of gaseous oxygen at an oxygen pressure up to 3 bar and, preferentially, at pH 3.Type: GrantFiled: August 3, 1995Date of Patent: May 19, 1998Inventor: Guenther Otto Schenck
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Patent number: 5733456Abstract: Control of a water/wastewater treatment system is effected by sensing the oxidation reduction potential (ORP) at various parts of the system and using neuro-adaptive process control techniques to make adjustments when necessary based on the ORP values. Internal nitrate recycling, sludge return, organic substrate addition and/or aeration can be adjusted to achieve the desired environmental conditions. In the event that phosphorus removal is necessary, the system can be used to assure proper detention time needed for biological phosphorus uptake.Type: GrantFiled: March 31, 1997Date of Patent: March 31, 1998Inventors: Robert W. Okey, Mary C. Martis
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Patent number: 5695653Abstract: A system for processing a biological fluid by spirally passing the biological fluid along at least one first flow path along the first surface of a separation medium in a separation device is disclosed. Also disclosed is a system for processing a biological fluid utilizing a plurality of pressure differential generators including enclosed chambers.Type: GrantFiled: December 23, 1994Date of Patent: December 9, 1997Assignee: Pall CorporationInventors: Thomas C. Gsell, Thomas J. Bormann, Vlado I. Matkovich
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Patent number: 5695644Abstract: A fluid treatment device, especially for reducing or removing the effects of hard water, has a fluid inlet, a fluid outlet, and a cavity extending between the inlet and the outlet. A dielectric channel separator (preferably of plastics material, more preferably PTFE) is located in the cavity between the inlet and the outlet and extends at least part way along the cavity. The dielectric channel separator divides thecavity into a plurality of elongate channels which are mutually coextensive for at least part of their length in the direction of fluid flow from the inlet to the outlet and are at least partially bounded by dielectric material. A metallic channel separator, preferably of zinc, can also be provided to provide a degree of protection against corrosion. The channel separators are preferably configured to encourage turbulence in the fluid flowing through the device.Type: GrantFiled: July 24, 1995Date of Patent: December 9, 1997Assignee: Ion Enterprises LimitedInventors: John Christopher Sutherland Buchanan, Christopher Michael David Joslin
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Patent number: 5690835Abstract: Systems and methods convey anticoagulated blood suspension from a donor into a separation device for component separation. One or more components are retained for therapeutic use, while one or more are returned to the donor. The systems and methods monitor the rate at which anticoagulant carried in the returned components is being returned. The rate, expressed in terms of milligram (mg) of anticoagulant per kilogram (kg) of donor body weight per unit of time of blood processing, is compared to a nominal rate that is correlated with donor comfort.Type: GrantFiled: September 24, 1996Date of Patent: November 25, 1997Assignee: Baxter International Inc.Inventor: Richard I. Brown
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Patent number: 5690817Abstract: It is known to treat the effluent resulting from photographic processing apparatus. Such treatment takes the form of either neutralization where the effluent is mixed with a neutralizing solution prior to disposal, or evaporation where the effluent is heated to form a precipitate and a concentrated liquid portion prior to disposal. However, both these techniques have disadvantages they do not account for toxic particles which may be suspended in the solutions. Described herein is apparatus in which photographic effluent can be treated to provide harmless end products which can be disposed of directly. The apparatus comprises a mixing unit (10) in which the effluent (S1) is mixed with treatment chemicals (S2, S3, S4, P1, P2, P3) and is then passed to a separation unit (20) in which the treated effluent is separated into non-toxic liquid and solid phases. A computer (100) is used to control all stages of the treatment of the effluent.Type: GrantFiled: November 30, 1995Date of Patent: November 25, 1997Assignee: Eastman Kodak CompanyInventors: Edward Charles Timothy Samuel Glover, Martyn Stuart Glover
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Patent number: 5690815Abstract: An automated system for processing biological fluid includes a pressure differential generator, a biological fluid processing assembly including a first container operatively associated with the pressure differential generator, at least one satellite container in fluid communication with the first container and a porous medium including a leukocyte depletion medium interposed between the first container and the satellite container and a sensor downstream of the porous medium for sensing and providing a signal reflecting the presence of red blood cells downstream of the porous medium. An automated control arrangement is coupled to the sensor to receive the signal from the sensor and coupled to at least one of the pressure differential generator and the biological fluid processing assembly to control flow between the first container and the satellite container.Type: GrantFiled: April 6, 1995Date of Patent: November 25, 1997Assignee: Pall CorporationInventors: Eric J. Krasnoff, Thomas J. Bormann, Thomas C. Gsell, Frank R. Pascale, Vlado I. Matkovich
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Patent number: 5690821Abstract: A loading platform and chemical addition system are described for a machine that prepares a batch of dialysate. The loading platform is in fluid communication with a dialysate preparation tank, and receives chemical vessels that contain a batch quantity of dialysate chemicals. The chemicals are released from the vessels automatically and fall onto a shelf in the loading platform. Nozzles and spray equipment are provided for insuring the complete release of the chemicals from the vessels and their dispersion into the tank. Novel mixing techniques are implemented in the tank to insure complete mixing of the dialysate solution and prevention of settling of dialysate solution at the bottom of the tank.Type: GrantFiled: November 17, 1995Date of Patent: November 25, 1997Assignee: AKSYS, Ltd.Inventors: Rodney S. Kenley, Dennis M. Treu, Frederick H. Peter, Jr., Thomas M. Feldsein, Kenneth E. Pawlak
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Patent number: 5674390Abstract: A dialysis machine is described which provides for the detection of leakage anywhere in the machine. The machine includes integral water treatment, dialysate preparation and extracorporeal circuit modules. The floor of the machine is constructed in a non-horizontal manner so as to provide a fluid catchment chamber with a fluid sensor. The extracorporeal circuit is mounted above the dialysate preparation module and the water treatment module. In one embodiment, a drain and drain tube allows fluid that leaks from the extracorporeal circuit module to be conducted to the floor of the machine, where the leak can be detected, along with a fluid leak in the water treatment or dialysate preparation modules. In another embodiment, a separate fluid leakage detector is placed at the base of the extracorporeal circuit module for detection of leakage in situ in the extracorporeal circuit, while the catchment chamber and sensor in the base of the machine detect leaks from the other modules.Type: GrantFiled: March 1, 1996Date of Patent: October 7, 1997Assignee: AKSYS, Ltd.Inventors: Dawn Matthews, Dennis M. Treu
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Patent number: 5674389Abstract: A system for removing tetrachloroethylene impurity from water includes two or more adsorption columns in series flow relation. Each column has a upper layer of clay granules and a lower layer of activated charcoal granules. The liquid moves in a downflow direction through each adsorption column.Type: GrantFiled: January 29, 1996Date of Patent: October 7, 1997Inventor: Choong H. Rhee
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Patent number: 5670057Abstract: There is disclosed a method and apparatus for automatically conducting peritoneal equilibration testing. The method involves removing a sample of overnight dwell fluid from a patient in an amount sufficient to determine the concentration of a metabolite in the drain fluid. The concentration of the metabolite in the sample is then detected and the overnight dwell fluid is drained and weighed. A known weight of dialysate fluid is instilled into a patient and thereafter there are periodically withdrawn samples of the dialysate fluid and the concentration of metabolite in each sample is determined. The ratio of metabolite concentration of each of the periodically drawn samples to metabolite concentration for the overnight dwell fluid is determined. The patient is then drained after a predetermined dwell time and the volume of drained dialysate is determined. The mass transfer area coefficient of the patient's peritoneal membrane is then obtained as a function of the measured variables.Type: GrantFiled: April 28, 1995Date of Patent: September 23, 1997Assignee: Baxter International Inc.Inventors: Chi Chen, Paul Emerson, Prakash Keshaviah
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Patent number: 5658456Abstract: A vessel storing a batch of chemicals for delivery into a dialysate preparation tank includes a machine readable indicator, permitting automatic identification of the contents of the vessel prior to operating the vessel and introduction of chemicals into a tank where the dialysate solution is mixed. Various types of machine-readable indicators may be used, such as, for example, "touch" memory buttons, bar codes, or magnetic strips. Suitable reading devices for the machine-readable indicators are provided for reading the contents of the bottle.Type: GrantFiled: November 17, 1995Date of Patent: August 19, 1997Assignee: Aksys, Ltd.Inventors: Rodney S. Kenley, Dawn Matthews, Douglas L. Wilkerson, Dennis M. Treu, Donald C. Walker
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Patent number: 5653884Abstract: A method of separating a solute from a supercritical fluid which includes reducing the pressure of the supercritical fluid and is characterized in that the supercritical fluid and solute are mixed with another fluid, eg an inorganic or organic solvent under pressure, to cause a partial reduction in the pressure of the supercritical fluid followed by reduction of the pressure of the fluid mixture comprising the supercritical fluid and said other fluid. The fluid mixture pressure reduction may occur in a collection device. Such a device may have a collection solvent already present therein. The said other fluid used partially to depressurise the supercritical fluid may act as a collection solvent in a collection device. The collection device may include one or more collection vessels or alternatively a solid phase trap or a packed column for the purpose of trapping and collecting the solute.Type: GrantFiled: June 20, 1995Date of Patent: August 5, 1997Assignee: British Nuclear Fuels PLCInventors: Neil Graham Smart, Mark D. Burford, Anthony A. Clifford, Keith D. Bartle, Catherine M. Cowey
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Patent number: 5653872Abstract: Process for producing free-flowing solid material from an aqueous sludge waste composition that includes mixing the sludge with previously dried solids, pelletizing the composition to form strand-like material, drying the outside layer of the strand-like material, and drying the partially dried material by contacting with heated gas.Type: GrantFiled: May 18, 1995Date of Patent: August 5, 1997Inventor: Allan N. Cohan
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Patent number: 5653888Abstract: A filter assembly (10) includes a housing (12) defining a chamber (14). A filter substrate (16) is disposed within the chamber (14) for filtering fluids passing therethrough. The housing 12 includes an inlet (22) disposed in fluid communication with the chamber (14) for allowing flow of fluid into the chamber (14). The chamber (14) defines a flow path between the inlet (22) and filter substrate (16) for perfecting fluid flow therebetween. An outlet (24) is disposed in fluid communication with the chamber (14) for allowing the flow of fluid to exit the chamber (14). A snagging element (26) is disposed within the housing (14) between the inlet (22) and the filter substrate (16) on the flow path for snagging and retaining gelatinous particulate material from the fluid prior to being filtered. A method of filtering gelatinous material from a flow of fluid includes the steps of snagging gelatinous material from the flowing fluid and then passing the fluid through a filter.Type: GrantFiled: November 2, 1995Date of Patent: August 5, 1997Assignee: Arbor Technologies, Inc.Inventors: Thomas F. Haddock, Monty E. Vincent
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Patent number: RE35871Abstract: A system for reclaiming water which has been previously used for such purposes as washing vehicles includes both a diatomaceous earth filter for removing particulates and a carbon filter for removing organic contaminants. Reclaimed water which is in the system and not immediately required for use is continuously recycled by a pump so as to increase the removal of contaminants. A second pump moves the cleaned water into a pressure tank for use in washing. A substantial portion of the system is disposed below ground level with a lockable cover above.Type: GrantFiled: November 29, 1994Date of Patent: August 18, 1998Assignee: Americleer CorporationInventors: Dennis Bundy, Ralph M. Hansen, Jr.