Abstract: A deposit filtering apparatus and method for filtering turbid liquids. The apparatus is provided with an essentially cylindrical, vertical filter container, in which sieve-like plate-shaped filter elements are arranged vertically between the turbid liquid chamber and a filtrate chamber of the filter container. That side of the filter element facing the turbid liquid chamber is covered with a detachable filter membrane formed by depositing thereon a suspension agent aiding the filtering process. The turbid liquid chamber is connected to a turbid liquid conduit for supplying the turbid liquid, and the filtrate chamber is connected to a filtrate conduit for discharge of the filtered liquid. The bottom of the filter container has a closeable opening for removal of the filter cake, consisting of filtering aid agent and impurities, separated or detached from the filter elements. A filter element packet, which is closed on the four vertical sides thereof, is arranged as a removable unit in the filter container.

Abstract: Apparatus for protecting aquatic life carried by water passing through a vertical traveling band screen unit having inwardly opening screening baskets. Each basket carries a longitudinally extending, inwardly projecting baffle adjacent its trailing side with the portion thereof adjacent the basket being imperforate. The area along the length of each basket at the inner side of the baffle is imperforate and defines with the baffle a pocket for receiving water and aquatic life carried thereby upon upward movement through the water and is adapted to discharge the water and aquatic life carried thereby upon movement of the pocket to a predetermined elevation. A low pressure stream of water transfers the aquatic life from the pocket to a discharge trough located inwardly of the screening unit.

Abstract: Dialysis apparatus has dilution and concentration chambers arranged alternately, which chambers each are defined by ion exchange membranes and frames each disposed therebetween. Passages for introduction of air into the dilution and concentration chambers are provided at lower portions thereof. The air introduced through the passages into the dilution and concentration chambers rises upward between the ion exchange membranes and is exhausted from upper portions thereof out of the dialysis apparatus. By the introduction of the air, solutions in the dilution and concentration chambers are driven to flow upward. Condensed phosphates are added to liquid to be treated before dialysis of the liquid.

Abstract: A pressure filtration cell includes a reservoir for liquid to be filtered, a filter at the bottom of the reservoir, and a manually actuable pump for supplying compressed air. The pump is detachable from the reservoir. The air is introduced near the bottom of the reservoir closely adjacent the filter so as to create turbulence in the liquid and across the filter. The turbulence is of a pulsating nature due to the intermittent operation of the pump. Thus, the pump is easily portable for use anywhere and creates a "dynamic" filtration process even without a mechanical stirrer. If used in a laboratory, the cell can be provided with a rotary, magnetically operated stirrer mounted on a relatively short axle.

Abstract: A hydraulic filter is provided with means for effectively cleaning its mesh filtering element during a flushing or "blow-down" cycle, wherein unfiltered liquid is passed rapidly along the surface of the tubular mesh to be exhausted from the filter substantially without passing through the mesh. The filter assembly includes at its inlet end a flow-restricting orifice for imparting turbulence to the liquid as it enters the interior of the tubular filtering mesh. The turbulence helps clean the mesh directly, and also tends to induce a fluttering of the mesh during blow-down, which adds to the cleaning effect. In addition, the mesh sleeve is of a somewhat tapered or frustoconical configuration which helps induce it to break away from a rigid retaining screen and helps promote fluttering during blow-down to further the cleaning action, as well as tending to deposit filtrate toward the downstream end during filtration, thereby extending the filtering cycle.

Abstract: The cylindrical filter surface of a drum filter is increased in effective area by providing radial inward and outward undulations in the general cylindrical shape instead of the cylindrical surface of the prior art.

Abstract: A screening apparatus comprising a water receptacle, a screen frame mounted on the water receptacle with a screen covering the opening of the water receptacle, a sprinkler for sprinkling water into the screen frame and a vibrator for expanding and contracting air within the water receptacle to thereby vibrate the screen.