Abstract: A filtration appliance for wastewater purification, preferably for a sewage treatment plant, in particular for a small sewage treatment plant, including at least one ceramic-based membrane for separating off microorganisms, to a sewage treatment plant having such a filtration appliance, a method of purifying wastewater, in particular in a sewage treatment plant, wherein microorganisms present in the wastewater are separated off by means of at least one ceramic-based membrane, and also to the use of a ceramic-based membrane as filter for separating off microorganisms and, if appropriate, fine solids, from wastewaters.

Abstract: A filter for extracting one's favorite drink constituted of a polyester based monofilament and having a woven fabric construction or a knitted fabric construction, with the polyester based monofilament comprising a polyester based monofilament having a flat sectional shape, and a bag for extracting one's favorite drink using the filter for extracting one's favorite drink.

Abstract: Devices and use thereof, the device comprising a filter and a means for region specific compression of the filter. Alteratively, the device comprises a filter; a region containing the filter; a fluid access port to the region containing the filter; a fluid egress port from the region containing the filter; and a lateral fluid flow path through the filter connecting the fluid access port to the fluid egress port.

Abstract: A highly porous substrate is provided using an extrusion system. More particularly, the present invention enables the production of a highly porous substrate. Depending on the particular mixture, the present invention enables substrate porosities of about 60% to about 90%, and enables advantages at other porosities, as well. The extrusion system enables the use of a wide variety of fibers and additives, and is adaptable to a wide variety of operating environments and applications. Fibers, which have an aspect ratio greater than 1, are selected according to substrate requirements, and are typically mixed with binders, pore-formers, extrusion aids, and fluid to form a homogeneous extrudable mass. The homogeneous mass is extruded into a green substrate. The more volatile material is preferentially removed from the green substrate, which allows the fibers to form interconnected networks.

Abstract: This invention provides a fiber filter and a sewage purifier capable of realizing effective use of the capacity of a treatment tank and being easily manufactured. A fiber filter is formed in a manner that ends of a plurality of fibrous materials made of carbon fibers bundled into a fiber bundle are connected to each other at a fixation part. The fiber filter is used as a filter of an anaerobic filter-bed tank of a sewage purifier. A part, which is not fixed at the fixation part, of the fibrous materials of the fiber filter spreads and develops in a tuft shape in sewage. Thus, the surface area of the fiber filter can be increased. Capacity necessary for treatment of the sewage W can be reduced and effectively used. The fiber filter can be easily manufactured due to its simple constitution.

Abstract: The present invention provides a blood cell separation membrane for separating blood into serum or plasma and blood cells while preventing hemolysis of the blood cells. Such a blood cell separation membrane can be obtained by impregnating a porous membrane for separating blood cells from blood supplied thereto with a solution containing a hydrophobic aminocarboxylic acid, a protein derived from silk, Tris, TES, ?-aminohexanoic acid, tranexanmic acid, or heparin and then drying the membrane.

Abstract: A membrane assembly is provided that includes a support comprising a micro-porous material; and an insoluble layer secured to a surface of the support. The insoluble layer is a reaction product of a reactant solution comprising a chain-capping reagent. A system and associated method are provided also.

Abstract: A porous grog with a body composition of water, clay and combustible material. Further, an earthenware water purification filter utilizing the porous grog in the body composition of the filter. Further, an earthenware filter utilizing silver chloride treatment for water disinfection is disclosed. A water purification system incorporating said filter, said water purification system capable of removing about 99% of all particles not less than 1.0 micron is size, and removing virtually 100% of fecal coliform indicators. In other embodiments, methods of disinfecting pottery toilet liners including various open surfaces using silver chloride treatment are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a through-one-end water collection type hollow fiber membrane and a method for manufacturing the same. According to the present invention, an internal sealing part is formed in the hollow part of the membrane at its free end. The internal sealing part supports an external sealing part surrounding the external surface of the free end such that the durability of the whole sealing part might be improved.

Abstract: Embodiments of a filtration device, kit and method related to filtration in storm water systems are disclosed. A filtering device generally includes a mat adapted to filter water flowing through an inlet. The mat may have a top with a mesh cover, a main filtering portion and a bottom. The main filtering portion is formed of randomly-aligned fibers and a binding agent which impart a porosity that allows water to flow through generally unimpeded while sediment is filtered by the mat. A filtration kit is provided which could include the mat or other filtering device, a plurality of attachment members and a plurality of disks which allow for securing of the attachment members. Filtration device and kit are generally easy to install and clean, durable, less expensive than competing systems, and reusable.

Abstract: A porous ceramic body comprises a plurality of fibers and a bonding system bonding a portion of at least two fibers of the plurality of fibers. The plurality of fibers has a first coefficient of thermal expansion. The bonding system has a second coefficient of thermal expansion lower than the first coefficient of thermal expansion. In some embodiments, when the plurality of fibers and the bonding system are combined the resulting porous ceramic body has a third coefficient of thermal expansion which is at least about 10% less than the first coefficient of thermal expansion.

Abstract: Corrugated fluid treatment packs and methods of making corrugated fluid treatment packs are disclosed. The fluid treatment packs may comprise a non-woven fibrous structure and/or porous membrane having a tubular configuration and a longitudinal axis, the fibrous structure and/or porous membrane being corrugated to define at least one crest, at least one trough, and at least one corrugation, each corrugation including first and second webs, the first and second webs extending into one another along a crest or a trough. The crests, troughs, and corrugations may include webs may which extend circumferentially or helically.

Abstract: Multi-core solid profile filter media blocks include multiple sub-blocks, which may be formed by providing a block with multiple interior cavities extending deep into the block, to allow water to flow deep inside the filter block to access the media of the sub-block (in the case wherein the cavities are at the inlet to the block) or that allows water to be collected from each filtration sub-block (in the case wherein the cavities are at the outlet from the block). One or more indentations/spaces/gaps in the exterior surface of the block also may be provided to separate and extend between portions of the sub-blocks, so that substantially all of the filter media of a sub-block is accessible to fluid for filtration. This way, a filter block may include a large amount of media in a small cartridge or package volume, and the filter block may exhibit good flow distribution and low pressure drop.

Abstract: Nozzle device and nozzle for atomization and/or filtration as well as methods for using the same. The nozzle and nozzle device for atomization, in particular a micro-machined reinforced nozzle plate, may produce small liquid droplets in air (spray) or into a liquid (emulsion) with a narrow droplet size distribution and make small air bubbles into a liquid (foam). A nozzle part for filtration as well as elements and methods to facilitate atomization and filtration are also disclosed.

Abstract: A membrane module (3) comprising a plurality of porous hollow membranes (8). The membranes (8) extend between and are fixed at each end in a header (5, 6). One header (6) has one or more of openings (12) formed therein. The openings (12) are in fluid communication with a source of gas and/or liquid (13, 14, 15). The other of the headers (5) is sealingly connected to and in fluid communication with a head-piece (9). The head-piece (9) is adapted to couple to an associated head-piece of a further module to form a rack of modules (17). A potting head (6) for use in mounting porous hollow membranes (8) is also disclosed comprising a preformed potting element (29). The potting element (29) includes one or more cavities (30) for receiving curate potting material which, in use, supports said membranes (8).

Abstract: A filter media product and method of making the same wherein at least two independent filter media thicknesses of differing coarse and fine pore sizes are held in face-to-face relationship with the pore sizes being so calculated that the overall average pore size of successive thicknesses is smaller than the pore size of the finest fiber thickness.

Abstract: A filter medium includes a ceramic mass having a void formed by burning a contained carbon to be eliminated. The ceramic mass has an inflow side for a fluid to flow thereinto and an outflow side for the fluid to flow out therefrom. The inflow side and the outflow side separate from each other with a distance. The inflow side and the outflow side have holes depressed inward from the sides, respectively.

Abstract: Methods of making unique water treatment compositions are provided. In one embodiment, a method of making a doped metal oxide or hydroxide for treating water comprises: disposing a metal precursor solution and a dopant precursor solution in a reaction vessel comprising water to form a slurry; and precipitating the doped metal oxide or hydroxide from the slurry.

Abstract: A high rate, upflow filtration system is described in which a compressible, fibrous lump filtration media is compressed to adjust the porosity and collector size of the media in the bed and to provide a porosity gradient within the bed proceeding from more porous to less porous in a direction opposite to the flow of fluid so that filtration proceeds in a direction from a more porous to a less porous filter bed. Larger particles are removed by the more porous media and successively smaller particles are removed as the filter bed becomes less porous. The system is capable of reducing the turbidity of influent municipal wastewater from about 8 NTU to about 2 NTU at a wastewater flow rate of from about 820 to 1230 L/m2·min (20 to 30 gal/ft2·min), at a bed compression ration of from about 15 to 40 percent, and at a backwash rate of from about 1 to 6 percent based on the total wastewater passing through the filter.

Abstract: There are disclosed a water filter, a method and a system for producing potable water. In an embodiment, the water filter includes a pervious concrete section having an input portion and an output portion. Input portion provides unfiltered water to the section. Output portion receives filtered water from the section and provides the filtered water to a location for collection. In one embodiment, the method includes providing unfiltered water to an input portion of a pervious concrete section of the filter, receiving filtered water from an output portion of the filter, and providing the filtered water to a location for collection. In another embodiment, the system includes a water filter having a pervious concrete section with an input portion and an output portion, a storage portion for providing unfiltered water to the input portion, and a collector portion for receiving filtered water. Other embodiments are also disclosed.

Abstract: A filter medium includes at least a first and a second layer. Both first and second layers have a layer volume VLq and a layer filtering surface SLq, where SLq is the accumulation of all mantle surfaces of the fibers present in this layer q. The first layer has a SL1/VL1-ratio of less than 32500 m2/m3, and the second layer has a SL2/VL2-ratio being more than 1.1×SL1/VL1.

Abstract: An insert apparatus for placement in a rain gutter includes a porous insert body including a plurality of randomly arranged filaments attached to one another to form a mat. The insert apparatus is shaped to fit within an inside channel of a rain gutter. Optionally, the apparatus may include a cover panel, comprising a screen, attached to the top of the insert body. Additionally, the apparatus may include a panel provided with holes therethrough, covering the screen panel. In use, the insert apparatus is placed inside of the gutter channel so as to substantially fill part of the channel, blocking entry of debris into the gutter. When placed in the gutter channel, the insert apparatus substantially prevents foreign matter such as leaves, twigs, pine needles, etc, from collecting in the channel. The insert apparatus may be configured to leave an open flow path therebelow when installed in the gutter.

Abstract: A filter comprises first and second adjacent filter material layers. The first filter material layer is joined to the second material layer along only a partial circumferential section of the second filter material layer to form an essentially disk shaped receptacle for holding coffee or tea. The second filter material layer includes a pocket. A section of the first filter material layer not joined to the second filter material layer presents a foldable tongue that is insertable into the pocket.

Abstract: A ceramic filter is provided including a substrate, a separation layer comprising titania and having an average pore size in a range of 0.08 to 1 ?m and a thickness in a range of 5 to 20 ?m, and an intermediate layer formed between the substrate and the separation layer. The intermediate layer includes aggregate particles that are bonded together with glass frits, and aggregate particles of the intermediate layer are smaller than aggregate particles of the substrate and larger than aggregate particles of the separation layer.

Abstract: The invention concerns a filtering medium based on a photocatalytic agent and activated carbon, characterized in that it comprises a permeable support covered with a first layer based on activated carbon, then a separate second layer based on a photocatalytic agent, or vice versa. The invention also concerns a method for making such a filtering medium.

Abstract: A filtration portion 11 constituting a filter element 3 is composed of a first filtration material 9 wound around the outer periphery of an inner tube 8 and a second filtration material 10 wound tightly around the outer peripheral surface of the first filtration material 9, and gas comprising oil mist is passed inside the filtration portion 11 from the inner peripheral surface to the outer peripheral surface thereof. As a result, a filter with good oil mist separation efficiency can be provided in which oil mist can be trapped and caused to condensate into oil drops with the first filtration material 9 and the oil drops can be grown with the second filtration material 10 and separated from the gas.

Abstract: A porous composite block is provided that contains at least two groups of binding agent particles. The first binding agent particles have an average particle size between about 5 ?m and 200 ?m. The second binding agent particles have an average particle size no larger than half the average particle size of the first binding agent particles and also between about 10 nm and 30 ?m. The porous composite block can also contain active grains and active granules such that the granules are smaller than the grains. The grains and the granules can be capable of treating water. A method of forming a porous composite block and a water treatment system are also provided.

Abstract: A filter element in which several layers (2, 3, 5, 7, 8) made of a filtering medium are joined contiguously in the direction of flow with at least one layer (2, 7) made of a filtering medium with a high storage capacity and a low degree of separation being arranged on the in-flow side and at least one layer (3, 8) made of a filtering medium with a low storage capacity and a high degree of separation being arranged on the out-flow side. Preferably the in-flow filtering medium is made of a filter paper containing cellulose or of a melt-blown material, and the out-flow side filtering medium is produced from a filter paper containing cellulose.

Abstract: A composite porous media for either gas or liquid flow is strong and efficient, and can readily be formed in or into a wide range of different shapes and configurations. In particular, the porous media is a composite of a metal, aerogel or ceramic foam (i.e., a reticulated inter-cellular structure in which the interior cells are interconnected to provide a multiplicity of pores passing through the volume of the structure, the walls of the cells themselves being substantially continuous and non-porous, and the volume of the cells relative to that of the material forming the cell walls being such that the overall density of the intercellular structure is less than about 30 percent theoretical density) the through pores of which are impregnated with a sintered powder or aerogel. The thickness, density, porosity and porous characteristics of the final composite porous media can be varied to conform with what is demanded by the intended use.

Abstract: One of the exemplary filter systems described includes a bracket and a filter module that can be suspended from the bracket by a plurality of flexible supports. The bracket can support the filter system beneath the grate of a storm drain without the need for the filter system to be attached to the grate. The grate can be lifted out of the storm drain separately from the filter unit, which allows the filter system to be lifted without the added weight of the grate. When the grate has been lifted out of the way, a suitable fastener structure can be attached to the bracket of the filter system to make the use of mechanical lifting devices more convenient. The bracket can be manufactured to known dimensions, or it can be offered from among a set of brackets that are pre-configured for known storm drain dimensions or as a standard bracket that can be modified to fit the dimensions of a particular storm drain.

Abstract: A plasma- or serum-collecting device with simple structure and easy to handle is provided. The device comprises a vacuum blood drawing tube accommodating a blood-filtering unit, wherein the vacuum tube contains a space above the blood-filtering unit to preserve blood to be filtered and a partition wall under the blood-filtering unit to keep a backspace at reduced pressure, and the blood-filtering unit contains a communicating needle to break the partition wall at the bottom.

Abstract: A filter cartridge comprising a strip, long fiber non-woven fabric which comprises a thermoplastic fiber and in which at least a part of fiber intersections is adhered, which is wound around a perforated cylinder in a twill form, has made it possible to obtain a cylindrical filter cartridge which is excellent in a liquid-passing property, a filter life and a stability in a filtering accuracy. The thermoplastic fiber constituting the above long fiber non-woven fabric is particularly preferably a thermally adhesive composite fiber comprising a low melting point resin and a high melting point resin and having a melting point difference of 10° C. or more between those of both resins.

Abstract: A filtering method including the steps of preparing a water purifying apparatus 1 with a cell structure 2 having units for constituting cell structure 4, and a cap portion 3, and making raw water flow into cells 10 from one end, and filtered by a partition walls 9 to take out filtrate water from the side of an outer peripheral surface 8. The cell structure 2 is so constructed that the ratio of maximum value to minimum value in water permeability among the partition walls 9 provided therein is within a range from of 110 to 300% in terms of percentage, and the cells 10 located on the side of an outer periphery 7 of the cell structure 2 have a greater water permeability.

Abstract: An industrial, e.g. power plant cooling, water extraction framed cartridge filter system is disclosed with a holed fabric type medium to filter debris from the power plant cooling water. The fabric type filter medium is comprised a one or more strength meshes of nylon or another strong fiber and an inner polypropylene or polyester medium with small holes. The size of the frame and the number and arrangement of the holes are arranged to supply a volume of filtered water consistent with the needs of the application at the typical pressures found therein. For a power plant, a system of many cartridges may be used to provide the total cooling/replacement water needs. Compressed air is introduced into the bottom interior of the cartridges and released via a valve at the top. The compressed air mechanically disturbs the filter medium to knock off any debris that may have attached to the filter medium surface and air escaping via the small holed in the filter may attach to and float small pieces of debris away.

Abstract: A method and device for the filtration and/or purification of fluids water or other solutions containing microbiological contaminants, such as fluids containing including bacteria and/or viruses, where the fluid water is passed through a purification material composed of apatite and absorption media in a fixed binder matrix.

Abstract: A non-woven depth filter cartridge includes a cylindrical mass of essentially continuous melt-blown polymer filaments and an essentially continuous traversing melt-blown polymer filament extending through the mass. The mass has a depth dimension, a longitudinal dimension, and a circumferential dimension. The mass includes a plurality of layers, each of the plurality of layers being generally oriented in the longitudinal and circumferential dimensions. The traversing filament is generally oriented in the depth dimension and extends through one or more layers of the mass. In one embodiment, the layers of the mass comprise concentric zones. The traversing filament is intentionally deposited and positioned to improve the physical properties of the filter cartridge.

Abstract: A chamber having an inlet for receiving polluted storm-water runoff and an outlet for the storm water to flow out. Within the chamber is a pivotal filter that catches clay during typical storm flows and pivots out of the way during higher flows. In alternative embodiments, there are included a screen, one or more baffles, and/or a collection reservoir for further dispersing, detaining, and/or filtering the storm water.

Abstract: An insert apparatus for placement in a rain gutter includes a porous insert body including a plurality of randomly arranged filaments attached to one another to form a mat. The insert apparatus is shaped to fit within an inside channel of a rain gutter. Optionally, the apparatus may include a cover panel, comprising a screen, attached to the top of the insert body. In use, the insert apparatus is placed inside of the gutter channel so as to substantially fill part of the channel, and to block entry of debris into the gutter. When placed in the gutter channel, the insert apparatus substantially prevents foreign matter such as leaves, twigs, pine needles, etc, from collecting in the channel. The insert apparatus may be configured to leave an open flow path therebelow when installed in the gutter.

Abstract: A fluid filter is provided with a case body defining therein a holder and having pressing portions formed on the internal wall surface of the case body. The pressing portions can compress a filter medium housed in the holder. The pressing portions are pressed against the filter medium housed in the holder to compress it and form a compressed region at a desired position of the filter medium, where the rate of capturing extraneous substances is increased. Thus, even if various sizes of the extraneous substances are contained in a fluid introduced through the inlet into the holder, the filter medium can capture the extraneous substances in its entirety. The degree of compression of the compressed region in the filter medium changes depending on the height of each pressing portion.

Abstract: A sample collection substrate of aerogel and/or xerogel materials bound to a support structure is used as a solid phase microextraction (SPME) device. The xerogels and aerogels may be organic or inorganic and doped with metals or other compounds to target specific chemical analytes. The support structure is typically formed of a glass fiber or a metal wire (stainless steel or kovar). The devices are made by applying gel solution to the support structures and drying the solution to form aerogel or xerogel. Aerogel particles may be attached to the wet layer before drying to increase sample collection surface area. These devices are robust, stable in fields of high radiation, and highly effective at collecting gas and liquid samples while maintaining superior mechanical and thermal stability during routine use. Aerogel SPME devices are advantageous for use in GC/MS analyses due to their lack of interfering background and tolerance of GC thermal cycling.

Abstract: A porous grog with a body composition of water, clay and combustible material. Further, an earthenware water purification filter utilizing the porous grog in the body composition of the filter. A water purification system incorporating said filter, said water purification system capable of removing about 99% of all particles not less than 1.0 micron is size.

Abstract: A dual flow filter unit for the filtration of a pressurized liquid such as oil, comprising a closed housing (10) having an inlet (31), and main and secondary outlets (32, 13) for that liquid. The unit further comprises a main filter element (21) arranged in the housing (10) and having an unfiltered fluid surface exposed to the majority of the liquid flow, the flow through the main filter (21) being directed to the main outlet (32) from the housing (10); and a secondary filter element (17) exposed to a portion of the liquid flow supplied to the housing inlet (31), any flow through the secondary filter being directed to the secondary outlet (13) from the housing. The main filter element (21) offers a low resistance to the flow of fluid therethrough relative to the secondary filter element (17) so that the majority of the flow through the inlet (31) is filtered by the main filter element (21) and the remainder by the secondary filter element (17).

Abstract: A layered filtering structure (10) comprises at least a first layer (12) and a second layer (13). Each layer comprises a web of metal fibers which has been sintered. The two layers (12, 13) are in contact with each other. The first layer, most close to the filter inlet side has a porosity below 55%, and the second layer, closer to the filter outlet side has a porosity which is at least 20% greater than the porosity of the first layer. The first layer is compacted in a separate manufacturing step. The layered filtering structure combines the advantage of a small filter rating with a low pressure drop.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for concentrating and measuring low levels of cells in biological samples. The apparatus, or concentration device, consists of two chambers with an optically level collection membrane intermediating between the chambers. The collection membrane filters the biological sample, trapping cellular elements of interest. A vacuum may be attached to the device to assist in filtration. The surface area of the collection membrane matches the view field of a standard imaging system and the device can be mounted on a standard microscope stage. All the cells in the sample volume are collected onto the membrane. The view field provides a fixed volumetric area for cell counting. Since the volume of sample tested is known, the total number of cells in the original sample may be calculated. The sample reservoir of the concentration device may also be used for sample preparation.

Abstract: This filter-drier for removing moisture from a refrigerant includes a casing having an inlet for receiving refrigerant, an outlet for discharging and a molded core disposed in the casing between inlet and outlet. In one embodiment, the core includes an outer surface in part engaging the inner surface of the casing. Axial movement of the core is prevent by bonding with the casing or by an indentation protruding into the core or both. Another embodiment includes a filter media pad bonded to the core sufficiently to hold the pad in place eliminating the need for outlet support screens. In another embodiment suitable for reversible operation in a heat pump system, the filter-drier includes a hollow cylindrical core having a filter media bonded to the core and defining a filter media lined passage, the core being held in place by end plates having opposed axial check valves and offset check valves.

Abstract: This filter-drier for removing moisture from a refrigerant includes a casing having an inlet for receiving refrigerant, an outlet for discharging and a molded core disposed in the casing between inlet and outlet. In one embodiment, the core includes an outer surface in part engaging the inner surface of the casing. Axial movement of the core is prevented by bonding with the casing or by an indentation protruding into the core or both. Another embodiment-includes a filter media pad bonded to the core sufficiently to hold the pad in place eliminating the need for outlet support screens. In another embodiment suitable for reversible operation in a heat pump system, the filter-drier includes a hollow cylindrical core having a filter media bonded to the core and defining a filter media lined passage, the core being held in place by end plates having opposed axial check valves and offset check valves.

Abstract: A method and system for separating a particulate contaminate from a contaminated liquid medium involves filtering the contaminated liquid medium with a filter element having an afflux surface made of plastic particles that are sintered together. The contaminated liquid medium is introduced into a vessel, brought into contact with the filter element, where the liquid medium is separated from the particulate contaminant, and the separated liquid medium withdrawn from the filter element.

Abstract: This is provided a water purification method using a filter capable of being molded into free shapes in which RB ceramics and/or CRB ceramics of 10 to 2,000 angstroms in pore diameter and 0.1 to 1.1 cm3/g in pore volume are used as an absorption and filtration material.

Abstract: A filter for use in a waste water discharge system including a first channel defining a receptacle for a filter and a second channel connected generally orthogonally to the first channel providing an outlet from the filter receptacle. The filter has an axial support of a pre-selected length, a plurality of bristles fixed to the axial support extending radially outward to define an outer margin. The outer margin of the bristles, at some portions along the pre-selected length, are at least equal to an inside dimension of the channel defining the receptacle. A handle is fixed to the axial support facilitating the placement and withdrawal of the filter element in the filter receptacle. A shield member is provided that is generally conformable to the inside surface of the filter receptacle. The shield member has a length dimension sufficient to cover the outlet leading to the second channel for blocking any flow of waste water into the second channel during replacement of the filter element.

Abstract: In order to develop a filter material composed of stacked grid members, the invention proposes a filter material consisting of two stacked grid members that have a weld joint between them.