Abstract: A filter for removing leucocytes comprising a filter medium, said filter medium being a fibrous material made of a polyester fiber which is treated on its surface with a copolymer containing 40 to 80% by weight of units derived from glucosyloxyethyl methacylate.When the filter of the present invention is used, leucocytes are removed from concentrated platelets or platelet-rich plasma without loss of platelets.

Abstract: Adsorption material, preferably substantially spherical, wherein support particles having cellulose capable of binding charged particles such as proteins, are distributed over the exterior surfaces thereof, and a method for generating substantially spherical adsorption material.

Abstract: Here is disclosed a water-insoluble pyrogen adsorbent composed of a polymer possessing amide groups optionally modified, said polymer being, e.g., a poly amino acid, a nylon, on a polyacrylamide.

Abstract: An additive for a blood collection tube has a wettable surface region and a nonwettable surface region. When a blood sample comes into contact with the wettable surface region, the clotting cascade is initiated. Clot material adheres to the nonwettable surface region. The additive thereby becomes part of the clot and, on centrifugation, becomes part of the pellet and is removed from the serum layer. The invention includes a blood collection tube having the additive therein. The tube may be evacuated and have an open end covered with a septum.

Abstract: A repair method for filter elements such as those used to filter polyester during the later stages of polyester manufacture in which the filter media is a particulate solid media arranged in a desired shape and maintained in that shape by a surrounding porous container that has filtration openings of a desired size. The method fills undesirably large openings in the surrounding porous container that result from damage to the container and through which enlarged openings the particulate solid media would otherwise escape with a polymeric resin. The polymeric resin is a resin with a glass transition temperature when cured that is at least greater than the melting point of polyester, and that has an absence of any chemical functional groups at temperatures at least as great as the melting point of polyester that would substantially react with polyester, the glycol precursors of polyester, the acid precursors of polyester, or the solvents useful in cleaning polyester from such filter elements.

Abstract: An oil filter for use in heavy duty internal combustion engines is disclosed herein. The oil filter includes an exterior tube with perforations, an interior tube with perforations, a spring located inside the interior tube, a lower and an upper end cap attached to first and second ends of the exterior and interior perforated tubes, respectively, and two pleated layers of filter media concentrically located between the interior and exterior perforated tubes without any stabilizing means located between the layers of filter media. The two layers of filter media are formed of a substantial portion of pulp of fibers that contain lignin to reduce softening and swelling of the filter media upon contact with water.

Abstract: A ceramic fiber-ceramic composite filter having a support composed of ceramic fibers, preferably texturized, a carbonaceous layer thereover, and a silicon carbide coating over the carbonaceous layer and coated on substantially all of the fibers. A strong, tough, light weight filter is achieved which is especially useful in high temperature gas environments.

Abstract: A molecular sieve material is combined with a porous carrier material. The pores of the molecular sieve material are impermeable to molecules or organisms having a size equal to or greater than that of the water molecule either because the molecular sieve material is selected so as to have pores which are smaller than such molecule or because the pores of the molecular sieve material are closed by a film. The pores of the molecular sieve material thus remain unoccupied and are able to exert an attractive force on molecules or organisms which are to be captured. The pores of the carrier material are designed to accept molecules or organisms having a size equal to or greater than that of the water molecule so that, when such molecules or organisms are attracted by the molecular sieve material, they can be trapped in the carrier material.

Abstract: In a filter bed (11) for the solid/fluid separation of media which contain substances that attack or dissolve cellulose, for example cellulase-containing enzymes, a matrix comprising a fibrous material structure of polyolefin fibrid particles (12) which are matted and anchored in one another and which can additionally contain up to 20% by weight of narrower fibrid polyolefin fibres and/or polyolefin fibres that have a fibre length of up to 5 mm. and have just started to fibrillate, in order to strengthen the sheet formation of the matrix. The actual filter-active particles, in particular kieselguhr particles and/or perlite particles having grain sizes of 5 to 100 um., are embedded in the cellulose-free fiber matrix.

Abstract: A filter and filtering process for coalescing droplets of atomized oil in a stream of gas includes an oil coalescing layer (14) of e.g. glass microfibres and a second layer (18) of felt or foam downstream of the coalescing layer (14). The drainage layer is impregnated with a fluorocarbon to reduce oil carry-over.

Abstract: Immobilized ferric hydroxide selectively removes phosphate from aquarium water. The material provides a healthier environment and retards growth of undesirable algae and bacteria.

Abstract: A filter aid material and a method for using same in a filtration system for reclaiming and maintaining coolant oil used in aluminum rolling or working processes are disclosed. The filter aid is a fibrous material which is permeated with an acid material and may be provided in either particulate form as a body feed or as a compressed filter pad. As contaminated oil flows through the filter aid, the acid acts chemically to remove aluminum fines and oxides as well as the aluminum portion of contaminating soap in the coolant oil. Use of the filter aid with acid greatly reduces the amount of conventional filter aid previously used and produces a relatively small amount of residual filter aid which can be disposed of by incineration.

Abstract: A ceramic filter having good permeability and a superior durability, and a process for manufacturing the same. This filter comprises a porous support made of a ceramic, a fine intermediate layer formed on one surface of said support and comprised of at least one kind of particles selected from particles of SnO.sub.2, TiO.sub.2, ZrO.sub.2 or CeO.sub.2 and having a particle diameter of not more than 500 .ANG., and a thin film formed on the surface of said fine intermediate layer and comprised of at least one particles selected from particles of SnO.sub.2, TiO.sub.2, ZrO.sub.2 or CeO.sub.2 and having a particle diameter of not more than 300 .ANG. and smaller than the particle diameter of the particles that constitute said fine intermediate layer.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing a ceramic filter having a given pore size required as a filter membrane and also having superior alkali resistance and acid resistance. The filter of the present invention is produced by preparing an aggregate comprising alumina coarse particles and a sintering aid comprising alumina-zirconia mixed particles containing not more than 90 wt. % of alumina, blending said alumina coarse particles and alumina-zirconia mixed particles so as for alumina to be in an amount of from 80 to 99 wt. % based on the total weight of the starting materials, forming the blended starting materials to have a desired shape, and firing the formed product.

Abstract: Semipermeable membrane-enclosed solid core adsorbent devices for the selective removal of volatile chemical species from an aqueous environment are disclosed.

Abstract: A sample applicator for use in performing immunoassays comprises a tube defining an internal lumen and having a filter matrix at one end thereof. Sample is drawn into the applicator tube, either using a vacuum bulb or an automated assay device. The sample is filtered as it enters the tube, and is again filtered as it discharged from the tube in the opposite flow direction. By removing particulates from the liquid sample, assay performance can be greatly improved. The applicator may also comprise a reagent dispersed within a permeable matrix, which is useful for introducing reagent to a sample or other liquid assay component. As a liquid assay component is drawn into the applicator tube, the reagent is reconstituted by and mixed with the liquid, thereby reducing the number of steps required for the assay.

Abstract: Decontaminating article comprising a preagglomerated, powdered polymer of bicyclo[2.2.1]-2-heptene or its methyl derivative in at least one fine-mesh textile bag. The bag is at least partially filled with the polymer. The decontaminating article can be used to absorb a liquid contaminating product, in particular petroleum hydrocarbon.

Abstract: An underdrain lateral for a liquid purification system is described. The lateral has three chambers, a primary chamber, a compensating chamber, and gas chamber. Turbulence is minimized during cleansing of the purification media by isolating the gas from the liquid and the backwash liquid. This is accomplished by feeding gas into the gas chamber so that the chamber is occupied by gas only during cleansing. Orifices in the wall between the primary and compensating chambers and in the baffle between the compensating and gas chambers provide compensation for even distribution of liquid in the lateral. The design also enables the use of cut out in the gas chambers to equalize gas pressures and flow among the laterals and throughout the system bed and cut outs in the primary chambers to equalize liquid pressure and flow along the laterals and throughout the system bed.

Abstract: A filter for the purification of tap water containing several layers of different filter materials. One of the layers is an adsorption filter element comprising a self-supporting sintered body of finely dispersed adsortion material, e.g., activated charcoal, a thermoplastic binder material and a finely dispersed, oligodynamic material, wherein these materials provide a fine-mesh, mechanical filter. The adsorption filter can also be used by itself for filtering purposes.

Abstract: Alcoholic beverages are filtered after being stabilized, e.g. with silica hydrogel. Silica hydrogel is usable as a filter aid when blended with 25% to 75% by weight of cellulose. The hydrogel cellulose and blend satisfy requirements for permeability.

Abstract: Glass microbeads bearing a coating which includes at least one binding agent fixed to the glass microbeads, and which binding agent is adapted releasably to bind to a material contained within a fluid medium by a biological affinity reaction, whereby the material can be removed from the fluid medium with the glass microbeads and then stripped from the glass microbeads while leaving the at least one binding agent attached to the glass microbeads. Inventive microbeads may bear a monomolecular layer of a silane as a fixing agent for a binding agent which is selected for its biological affinity for the material to be separated.

Abstract: The invention relates to compositions and methods for removing oil from water surfaces. The composition comprises a fine grained particulate material, such as expanded perlite or vermiculite, or sand, coated with an oleophilic/hydrophobic layer comprising sulfur, a metallic sulfate, an alkali metal nitrate, and burned hydrocarbon oil. The invention is particularly applicable to the treatment of oil spills on the surfaces of open bodies of water, such as lakes, rivers and oceans. The invention also relates to methods for preparing the oil removal composition, and for stripping and recycling the compositions after use.

Abstract: Preparation of binary membrane ultrafiltration (UF) toplayers (Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 -CeO.sub.2 and Alhd 2O.sub.3 -TiO.sub.2) to make chemically stable UF membranes and/or or catalytically active membranes. Two stable sols are prepared and mixed under controlled conditions and a top layer is prepared on a support under controlled conditions.

Abstract: Filter pads useful for filtering and removing contaminants from fluids comprise at least two pad layers of a permeable, nonwoven polymer material, where one pad layer is connected to another pad layer to form a pocket therebetween having an opening extending into the pocket and at least one of the pad layers has sufficient structural integrity or rigidity to maintain the shape of the filter pad in a filter apparatus during use. In addition, methods for removing contaminants from fluids comprise passing fluid through filter pads having a pocket having an opening extending therein.

Abstract: A water insoluble material useful for making biocidal barriers and biocidal filter for use in fluid systems, said material comprising a water insoluble thermoplastic copolymer consisting of an alpha olefin and an alpha, beta-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid, said copolymer having at least one biocidal agent ionically bonded to said copolymer.

Abstract: The invention relates to superabsorbent fibre flocks comprising a core of absorptive polymer wherein short polymer fibres have been embedded, such short polymer fibres protruding at least partially from the core. Such superabsorbent fibre flocks can be produced by binding absorbent polymer particles to each other and to the polymer fibres with the aid of a bonding agent and by grinding the fibre flocks thus obtained to the required particulate size. The superabsorbent fibre flocks according to the invention can be used to advantage in sanitary products, especially in baby diapers, menstrual pads and incontinence articles and have further application in separating water and aqueous components from hydrophobic liquids.

Abstract: A portable water filtering apparatus having a lid secureable to conventional plastic drinking cups, with a filtering element disposed with the lid. The apparatus includes inlet and outlet spouts, and may also include a drinking cup secured thereto, so that contaminated water is filtered once upon being poured through the inlet means into the cup, and filtered a second time upon being poured out of the cup through the outlet. The filtering element includes four layers of filtering material for removing particulate matter, bacteria, and unpleasant odor and taste from contaminated water.

Abstract: An improved filter comprising a porous sheet of substantially uniform thickness having the following composition: 15% to 35% activated carbon; 15% to 40% calcium silicate, magnesium silicate, or mixtures thereof; 25% to 40% cellulosic fiber; up to 2% resin binder; and, optionally, 0% to 30% diatomaceous earth.

Abstract: Filter pads, which are made inherently stable by binders and by removal of the binders can be converted in packings to be maintained under substantially constant surface pressure between rigid filter brackets, are produced first as molded bodies from a suspension of filter aids in liquid by depositing granular, fibrous, or fiber-containing filter aids or mixtures of those filter aids in a casting mold, there being used high rates of flow while avoiding turbulences, and adding binders to the suspension so that the molded body can be stabilized by activation of the binder while drying. It is possible in this process also to manufacture multi-layered filter pads, it having been surprisingly found in those multi-layered filter pads that the layer assembly is kept intact during the filtration even in the filter packing that no longer contains binders.

Abstract: The media comprises cellulosic fiber and silica based particulate or fiber filter elements and a charge modifying amount of a cationic charge modifying system bonded to the surfaces thereof.A component of the charge modifying system is a primary charge modifying agent characterized as a water soluble organic polymer capable of being adsorbed into the filter elements and having a molecular weight greater than about 1000. Each monomer of the polymer can have at least one epoxide group capable of bonding to the surface of the filter elements and at least one quaternary ammonium group. Preferably, the primary charge modifying agent is a polyamido-polyamine epichlorohydrin resin, a polyamine epichlorohydrin resin, or a resin based upon diallylnitrogen-containing materials reacted with epichlorohydrin. A portion of the epoxy groups on the organic polymer are bonded to the secondary charge modifying agent.

Abstract: The invention concerns a filter construction in particular for suction driers. The filter construction comprises a first filter material layer (1) of a ceramic material, which is the first layer in relation to the flowing liquid, and a second filter material layer (2) of a ceramic material, connected with said first layer. The first filter material layer (1) acts as the filtering layer proper, and the second filter material layer (2) acts as a layer that supports the construction. The invention also concerns a method for the formation of the filter construction.

Abstract: A nonwoven filtration fabric is composed of a plurality of fiber components of dissimilar denier and length which are evenly intermingled and bonded together in a sheet, including a first fiber component of staple polyester fibers of high denier and a textile length, a second fiber component of staple polyester fibers of low denier and shorter length than the first fiber component, a third fiber component of wood pulp fibers of shorter length than the first fiber components, and a suitable binder. The fabric is formed by a wet laid process in which the dissimilar fiber components are evenly mixed and distributed in a homogeneous slurry. A filter media made of the fabric has a high tensile strength, even pore size and distribution, low pressure drop, and is suitable for macrofiltration applications, such as filtering milk.

Abstract: A heat fumigation apparatus for transpiring a solution of a chemical agent dissolved in a solvent by heating which comprises a container having the solution therein, a wick a part of which is immersed in the solution and a heater for heating the upper portion of the wick thereby transpiring the solution drawn up the wick. The wick is composed of an inorganic powder and/or an organic powder, a binding agent and at least one antioxidant which is substantially non-evaporative at a heating temperature.

Abstract: A filter media (10) of the type supported across a fluid flow passage for collecting particulate out of the fluid and subsequently being moved out of the flow passage after becoming congested with particulate. The filter media (10) includes a top layer (12), a middle layer (14), and a bottom layer (16). The middle layer (14) comprises a support web (18) formed by entwined cotton fibers (20), and a mesh (22) supported by the web (18) formed by entwined glass microfibers (24). The middle layer (14) forms a plurality of minute pore passages between adjacent glass microfibers (24) and cotton fibers (20). The top layer (12) is a nonwoven wet laid polyester material for preventing adherence of the fiber media (10) to the edges of the fluid flow passage. The bottom layer (16) is a nonwoven spun bonded polyester material highly resistant to tear for supporting the filter media (10) while it is moved out of the flow passage.

Abstract: A process for surface modifying skinless hydrophilic microporous membrane having an internal microstructure throughout said membrane and a surface modifying amount of surface modifying agent bound thereto without substantial pore reduction of pore blockage involves the steps of providing a dope solution of a membrane forming polymer in a solvent system comprising a mixture of at least one solvent and one non-solvent for the polymer, and a membrane surface modifying agent, and combining said dope solution with sufficient additional non-solvent for the polymer to precipitate said membrane from said dope solution.

Abstract: A self-supporting composite filter for ultra filtration that can be backwashed has a central porous body which supports a thin diaphragm of fine porosity applied to the outer surface of the body. The body is porous, being formed by coarse grains and a binder. The diaphragm is thin in comparison to the filter body and is formed from a mix of fine grains, fibers and binder whose percentage composition, by volume, is in the ratio 60 to 40:40 to 20:30 to 10. The fibers are thin, 0.3 to 30 microns, and long, with a length at least 10 times their width to provide a microelasticity in the diaphragm. The absolute thickness of the diaphragm is 0.2 to 2 millimeters which is 5 to 75 times smaller than that of the support body. The ratio of the specific permeabilities of the support body to that of the diaphragm, for fluids in the laminar flow range, is between 2:1 and 100:1.

Abstract: A device for the depletion of the leucocyte content in a platelet concentrate, preferably comprising a modified porous, fibrous medium with a critical wetting surface tension of at least about 90 dynes/cm and a method for the depletion of the leucocyte content and platelet concentrate comprising passing the platelet concentrate through the porous medium.

Abstract: A filter for separating solid particles, whose diameters are generally smaller than 5 .mu.m, from flowing gases or liquids. A covering layer with columnar and/or platelet-shaped oxides is formed on a body consisting of porous steel foil at least in and around the pores.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method of making porous, vacuum formed filter tube having randomly oriented glass fibers and having at least one layer of a suitable sheet material wrapped around said porous filter tube and being in intimate contact therewith, said disclosed combination having an outer support structure of a predetermined inside diameter sufficient to compress the assembly of said porous filter tube and said sheet material when it is slipped thereover, thus providing compression from the outside to the inside and forcing the layer of sheet material into intimate contact at vertually all points with said porous filter tube.

Abstract: A flat annular disc filter paper has a plurality of randomly oriented fibers at its surface. The paper is impregnated with a phenolic resin so as to resist compression of the disc and swelling of the paper. The filter paper is made by soaking the paper in the resin, heating the paper and resin so as to burn and melt the resin into close contact with the paper and rolling the filter paper at a temperature above ambient temperature.

Abstract: A porous water-treating material comprising cut porous strads each comprising a resinous matrix material which consists essentially of a thermoplastic polymer material or a mixture thereof with an inorganic particulate material. Each strand having a number of pores connected to each other and an irregularly rugged peripheral surface which has a ratio in diameter of a circumscribed circle to an inscribed circle in any cross-sectional profile from 1.10:1 to 5.00:1 and a ratio of the distance between circumscribed lines to that between inscribed lines in any side projection profile of from 1.10:1 to 3.00:1. The cut porous strands are prepared by melt-extruding a resinous mixture of the resinous matrix material with a blowing agent at a temperature higher than the melting point of the thermoplastic polymer material and the thermally decomposing point of the blowing material so as to cause the strands to have a number of pores and an irregularly rugged peripheral surface thereof.

Abstract: A filter bed material for the removal of heavy metal ions from water and process for the manufacture thereof. The bed material includes a charcoal bed having a chelating agent adsorbed thereto utilizing a polymer to aid in the adsorption of the chelating compound.

Abstract: A packing for chromatography, comprising a granular adsorbent and a fibrous material which are substantially homogeneously mixed with each other.

Abstract: A superabsorbent filter medium which is suitable for manufacturing accordian pleated filter cartridges at high production rates and low cost by using a rotary pleater or scoring machine rather than slower blade-type pleaters. The filter medium is a thin laminate of filter paper, superabsorbent resin powder, and tissue papper, rolled together under pressure and bonded with water vapor. Unlike other commercially available superabsorbent filter media laminates, this construction is thin and flexible enough to be rotary pleated at low cost.

Abstract: An improved rigid filter plate for use in sludge dewatering or oil and water separation is characterized by a lower layer of relatively large material and an upper layer of relatively smaller material bonded thereto, with grains of sand interspersed within the upper layer and bonded to the material making up the upper layer. The device yields high efficacy in sludge dewatering and oil and water separation, while requiring a low level of cleaning and maintenance, yet is resistant to damage from mechanical cleaning when cleaning is necessary. An efficient and economical method of producing the device is also disclosed herein.

Abstract: Filter media comprised of charge modified, resin coated inorganic microfibers are prepared by mixing inorganic microfibers with an aqueous solution of a water soluble, noncolloidal cationic thermosetting binder resin to form a dispersion, following which a precipitating agent is added to precipitate the binder resin and coat the microfibers. The coated microfibers may be used in the dispersed or suspended form as a filter aid. Preferably they are formed into a filter sheet which is then dried and cured to form a filter sheet of narrowly distributed pore size, pore sizes as small as one-half micron, and having a positive zeta potential in alkaline media. Glass is the preferred microfiber and polyamine-epichlorohydrins the preferred resins. By providing the normally negative zeta potential microfibers with a positive zeta potential the binder resins used to coat the microfibers substantially enhance particulate removal capabilities of the microfiber filter sheet.

Abstract: In a denitrification process wherein denitrifying agents are supported on a carrier material, the invention comprises conducting denitrification in the presence of a carrier impregnated with an organic substance capable of serving as a reducing agent for the denitrifying agents. In another aspect the invention relates to a method of preparing such a carrier and to the carrier itself.

Abstract: A flat annular disc filter paper has a plurality of randomly oriented fibers at its surface. The paper is impregnated with a phenolic resin so as to resist compression of the disc and swelling of the paper. The filter paper is made by soaking the paper in the resin, heating the paper and resin so as to burn and melt the resin into close contact with the paper and rolling the filter paper at a temperature above ambient temperature.

Abstract: A composite is provided which has improved transverse structural integrity and flexibility and suitable for use in high temperature and high stress environments. The composite has randomly oriented high temperature resistant inorganic fibers interlocked together into a shape sustaining paper with a transverse thickness of from about 0.005 to 0.5 inch. A transverse strength providing high temperature resistant, flexible fabric, made of inorganic fibers is disposed upon at least one of the surfaces of said paper. An organic adhesive is disposed between the paper and the fabric and flexibly bonds the paper to the fabric to form a composite. The composite is sufficiently flexible that it may be folded or pleated without breaking and is capable of being used at high temperatures and at high transverse stresses without rupturing.

Abstract: Disclosed is a chemical resistant filter material made of a fibrous structure, the fiber surface of which is coated with at least one inorganic oxide selected from oxides of silicon, aluminum and lithium, and an optional fluoropolymer resin.