Abstract: A water purifier has a deodorization tank for removing ions and odorants by adsorption from running water and a mesh filter for removing dust. The mesh filter is arranged at a water entrance of the deodorization tank. The deodorization tank contains an anti-bacterial membrane having a function of imparting an antibacterial activity to the water by supplying mineral ions to the running water and thereby alkalifying the water. The deodorization tank also has a water exit which is associated with a mineral supply filter for supplying a mineral component to the running water. The mineral supply filter is prepared by molding a powder obtained by adhering a material such as soda glass to the surface of heat-decomposed calcium carbonate.

Abstract: A filter sheet which is free of asbestos, and which contains cellulose, filtering aids such as diatomite, perlite, etc., and cationically modified material in the form of cellulose on which are chemically bound cationic chemical groups having a degree of substitution between 0.01 and 0.05. The rate of flow and the clarity effect are correlated to the degree of substitution of the utilized cationically modified cellulose, and the pigment adsorption, i.e. the adsorptive properties of the filter sheet, are correlated to the percent by weight of the cationically modified cellulose to the total amount of cellulose contained in the filter sheet. By utilization of these correlations, modified asbestos-free filter sheets can be produced which are adapted to given applications.

Abstract: Process for production of anionically charged filter media sheet including pretreatment of filter elements with cationic charge modifier, preferably, employing inorganic colloidal silica charge modifiers. The resulting filters are used for the removal of haze or haze formers from beverages.

Abstract: Particulate filter aid coated with a sufficient amount of melamine formaldehyde cationic colloid to render the anionic surface of the filter aid electropositive. Preferred filter aids are diatomaceous earth, perlite and defibered cellulose. The filter aid is used in a filter bed for filtering submicronic contaminants.

Abstract: Conventional filter aid materials are treated with anion exchange resin materials having particle diameters smaller than 1 micrometer to produce an improved filter aid material bearing a fixed monolayer of the anion exchange resins.

Abstract: A ferromagnetic material is integrally incorporated with each of the ionic beads of one component of a mixed ionic resin bed containing more than one ionic bead component, such that the one ionic bead component can be separated from the other component by attraction to a magnetic field. Ionic beads containing a ferromagnetic material are attracted to an inhomogeneous magnetic field while other ionic beads devoid of the ferromagnetic material are not so attracted. In another embodiment, a ferromagnetic material having a specific Curie temperature may be incorporated with one ionic bead component while the other bead component contains a different ferromagnetic material having a different Curie temperature.

Abstract: Filter media comprised of charge modified, resin coated inorganic microfibers are prepared by mixing inorganic microfibers with an aqueous solution of a water soluble, noncolloidal cationic thermosetting binder resin to form a dispersion, following which a precipitating agent is added to precipitate the binder resin and coat the microfibers. The coated microfibers may be used in the dispersed or suspended form as a filter aid. Preferably they are formed into a filter sheet which is then dried and cured to form a filter sheet of narrowly distributed pore size, pore sizes as small as one-half micron, and having a positive zeta potential in alkaline media. Glass is the preferred microfiber and polyamine-epichlorohydrins the preferred resins. By providing the normally negative zeta potential microfibers with a positive zeta potential the binder resins used to coat the microfibers substantially enhance particulate removal capabilities of the microfiber filter sheet.

Abstract: An improved filter construction for odor adsorption adapted to fit into a frame provided with front and rear support faces. The filter media consists of one or more sheets of non-woven material impregnated with activated carbon particles. Each sheet is provided with a plurality of slit and expanded openings to permit gaseous flow through said sheet. The sheet material comprises a combination of cellulose and synthetic fibers in a weight percentage range of between at least 30 to 50 percent of cellulose fibers and 1 to 10 percent of synthetic fibers wherin the combination of the two fibers represent at least 40 percent of the total composition of the sheet. The activated carbon content is between 35 to 50 percent of the total composition by weight. A latex binder material and a wet strength resin are included for fabrication of the sheet and to reduce dusting of the charcoal.

Abstract: A multi-layer filter combination having a macrofilter layer with a predetermined thickness and two major sides including porous material impregnable with bacteria-destroying medication and having pore sizes in the range from about 1 micron to about 120 microns. There is also a microfilter layer having a prearranged thickness smaller than the thickness of the macrofilter and including a porous membrane having pore sizes from about 0.1 micron to about 10 microns. The microfilter layer is mechanically bonded to at least a major side of the macrofilter layer, whereby inhibiting transfer of any remaining live bacteria which may have survived exposure to the bacteria-destroying medication, and which may attempt to pass outwardly beyond the microfilter layer. The medication is either an antibiotic and an iodophore.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a novel and highly superior filter media formed of random-laid, lignin-containing fibers, and to a process for manufacture of the filter media. The process involves selection of lignin-containing fiber source, having a lignin content of at least about 10% and thermomechanically pulping the fiber source under temperature/pressure conditions of 300.degree. F.-350.degree. F./50 psig-120 psig and a refiner energy utilization of about 8-35 HPD/ADT. The thermomechanically produced fibers are characterized by a high degree of stiffness, and an extremely smooth surface free of fine fibril formation and thus substantially non-self-bonding. An improved filter media is formed by a random lay-up of the lignin-containing fibers, typically with selected other pulp fibers having technical characteristics suitable for filter media utilization.

Abstract: The disclosure related in part to a novel and highly superior high bulk pulp formed of lignin-containing fibers, and to process conditions for manufacture of the pulp. The process involves selection of a lignin-containing fiber source, having a lignin content of at least about 10%, and thermomechanically pulping the fiber source under temperature/pressure conditions of 300.degree. F.-350.degree. F./50 psig-120 psig and a refiner energy utilization of about 8-35 HPT/ADT, using a double disc, counter rotating disc refiner. The thermomechanically produced fibers are characterized by a high degree of stiffness, and an extremely smooth surface, free of fine fibril formation and thus substantially non-self-bonding. The new pulp has a wide variety of specialty uses which are attractive in terms of both economics and technical performance, because of the exceptionally high bulk and other distinctive characteristics of the fiber.

Abstract: Leukocytes are separated from a leukocyte-containing suspension by bringing the leukocyte-containing suspension into contact with a leukocyte-separating material, whereby a substantial part of the leukocytes are entrapped in the leukocyte-separating material, and then, collecting the entrapped leukocytes. The leukocyte-separating material used comprises a fibrous material having a surface layer composed of a substance which is capable of being dissolved in water by degrees. Lymphocytes can also be separated in a manner similar to that mentioned above, from a lymphocyte-containing suspension having reduced contents of granulocytes and monocytes.

Abstract: For forming a perforated pipe a method is employed which includes winding on a mandrel having multiple spaced protrusions thereon angularly related strips arranged between the protrusions. These strips cooperatively define openings through which the protrusions extend. The strips are formed of fibres which are impregnated with a settable resin or plastic which combine with the fibres to form a tube adequate to resist a pressure of about 600 p.s.i. Because the protrusions are employed the fibres can be so impregnated as to be resin-rich. The openings may be screened with resin-poor granules arranged in vaulted configuration. A further strip may be wound around the foregoing arrangement to hold the granules against the resulting pipe.

Abstract: Uranium is extracted from phosphoric acid with organophosphorus extractants supported or impregnated on polymeric resins, and especially macroreticular resins. Suitable extractants include mono and dialkylphenyl esters of phosphoric acid. Uranium may be stripped from the supported or impregnated resins with hotter or more concentrated phosphoric acid, optionally with oxidation to hexavalent form, or with aqueous fluoride solutions.

Abstract: In the fluid circulation system of a transmission having a prespecified minimum operating temperature and a minimum fluid flow requirement for operation at the minimum operating temperature, a transmission fluid filter comprising a housing having a fluid inlet and outlet, and a filter element supported in the housing. The filter element is a composite assembly of a fine filtering medium such as a phenolic resin-impregnated felt having an opening therein, and a coarse filtering media such as polyester mesh secured over the opening so as to provide through the respective media parallel continuous fluid flow paths. The surface area ratio of coarse to fine filter media is the minimum ratio sufficient to permit minimum flow through the coarse filtering media at the prespecified minimum operating temperature.

Abstract: A filter media is provided which comprises an amount of particulate immobilized in a substantially inert porous matrix. A least a portion of the particulate surface has thereon a divalent metal peroxide. The metal peroxide is magnesium peroxide or calcium peroxide, preferably magnesium peroxide.The filter media is preferably used for oxidizing and removing soluble iron and manganese from an aqueous fluid. The filter may also be used for removing and inactivating microorganisms from fluids, e.g. aqueous fluids. Particulate filter aid having coated or adsorbed on the surface the aforementioned metal peroxide may be used as the particulate in the filter media, as well as the metal peroxide in particulate form.

Abstract: A self-supporting tubular fibrous filter element consists of elongated fibers compacted in a direction parallel to the central axis of said tubular element to have a substantially constant density throughout the length and thickness of the tube with a majority of the fibers in parallel to one another in a circumferential direction about the said axis. When required, a perforated cylindrical support sheet is molded into at least one cylindrical face of the element.

Abstract: Undesired substances are removed from a gas or vapor stream containing same by a gas-vapor treating mat composed of glass fibers intermixed with micro-bits of any of an expanded thermoplastic styrene-polymer or expanded thermoplastic lower polyolefin or flexible foam polyurethane and a compatible organic bonding agent, which mat may contain one or more additives from the group of fibers of a fiber-forming terephthalate polyester, activated carbon particles, gas-vapor adsorbent zeolite particles or crystalline molecular sieve particles.

Abstract: A cartridge housing (12) having a liquid inlet (14) at one end and an outlet (16) at the opposite end carries in an intermediate volume a spiral rolled exchange mass (18) of flexible, resilient, fibrous material forming a matrix that is self-supporting and non-reactive with the type of solutions with which the cartridge is intended to be used. Within the exchange mass is carried a dispersed array of finely divided particles of replacement metal (19), adhesively attached to the fibers. At each end of the cartridge adjacent to the inlet and outlet is a cavity (20) communicating with a spiral end (38) of the exchange mass, and the inlet cavity (20) houses an inlet nipple (26) that has a discharge opening (30) facing generally away from the spiral end face (38) of the mass. As flow through the mass produces precipitated precious metal, the mass is able to flex and thereby avoid clogging. Fiberglass is the preferred material for the exchange matrix.

Abstract: A glass fiber filter mat possessing excellent wet strength which is in the form of a non-woven matrix of glass micro-fibers including polymer micro-bits derived, for example, from a non-brittle expanded, thermoplastic styrene polymer or a flexible foamed polyurethane, the micro-bits being substantially free of intact cells. Also included in the filter mat is a cobeat or intimate blend of cellulose fibers and the polymer micro-bits, which may additionally contain polyester fibers, as well as a combination of binders, viz., polyvinyl alcohol and a melamineformaldehyde resin.

Abstract: Colloidal particles are fractionated by size and dissolved polymers are fractionated by molecular weight by passing a polar solvent dispersion containing one or both through a bed of surface-bonded particles wherein the particles consist of a nonswellable inert core with a polar solvent-swellable surface coating of bonded organic polymer. The core can be either an insoluble cross-linked organic polymer gel or an inorganic solid such as silica or alumina.

Abstract: A method and filter bed for removing impurities from liquids wherein the filter bed comprises a mixture of treated filter aid material and an active particulate material having opposite surface charges in aqueous suspension. The filter aid material has been treated to produce the desired surface charge. The identity of the active particulate material depends on the application. Examples are organic polymeric absorbents, zeolites, bentonite, zirconium oxide, zirconium phosphate, activated alumina, ferrous sulfide, activated carbon and diatomaceous earth.

Abstract: A glass-fiber filter tube and process of preparing the filter tube, which filter tube comprises a plurality of randomly disposed, fine glass fibers bonded, at the junction of the fibers, with a fused thermoplastic fluorocarbon resin, which filter tube may also include a reinforcing support scrim sheet incorporated integrally therein.

Abstract: A method for preparing an improved filter material, together with the improved material prepared thereby and an improved method for removing impurities from a liquid. The filter material comprises a mixture of ion exchange resin particles and treated filter aid material. In the preferred embodiment, the ion exchange resin particles comprise a mixture of anion and cation exchange resin particles, and the filter aid material is treated with a chemical compound to produce a positive surface charge thereon. The filter aid material may be further treated with a second compound to produce an enhanced negative surface charge.

Abstract: A dimensionally stable filter structure for high temperature applications and method of making it. The filter structure comprises at least one batt of relatively brittle fibers, known to possess outstanding degredation resistance at elevated temperatures, stitch-knitted with high temperature and corrosion resistant yarns.

Abstract: Impurities are removed from a liquid by passing the liquid through an improved filter bed. The filter bed comprises a mixture of oppositely charged particles of filter aid material, the particles normally having a surface charge in aqueous solution. A portion of these particles are treated with a chemical compound to produce a surface charge that is opposite from the normal surface charge. These oppositely charged particles clump in aqueous suspension, and produce a filter bed which is capable of removing suspended particles with very high efficiency, while maintaining a relatively low pressure drop across the filter bed.

Abstract: A novel adsorptive nonwoven fabric having good strength as well as good permeability and softness and a method of making the same is disclosed. This product consists essentially of supporting fibers containing a heat-fusible fiber and an adsorptive material, said supporting fibers being disintegrated in air before they are admixed with an adsorptive material, and a web is formed from the final mixture followed by being subjected to a heat treatment at a temperature above the melting point of said heat-fusible fiber to firmly fix said adsorptive material in the web by heat-fusion of the heat-fusible fiber.

Abstract: A filter-drier block for use in refrigeration systems to filter and remove moisture from the refrigerant fluid, and the method of making the block. The block is comprised of granular adsorbent material bound together to form a rigid block by the use of phenolic resin and polyisocyanate binders and characterized by a low pressure drop for fluid passing through the block. The method of making the block includes the steps of mixing dry adsorbent granules with solutions of the two binders, blow molding the mixture into a block, curing the resins with an alkaline gas, purging the block of the gas by passing air through the block, and heating the block to drive off the solvents for the binders. The invention also includes a refrigeration system utilizing the block.

Abstract: A method and device for immunological determinations wherein the device comprises a container housing a volume of dry, insoluble, yet highly hydrophilic, gel particles, containing binding protein or combinations of binding protein and radio-active tag material and in which the dry gel particles are characterized by pores of a size that permit entry of low molecular weight components into the intra gel volume but insufficient to permit entry of large molecular weight components which remain in the extra gel volume.

Abstract: A filter medium particularly adapted for use in an oil filter for an internal combustion engine having a water-laid web of fibers, at least 70% of which are cellulose, impregnated with resin in a pattern at its wire side to a depth of 15 to 45% of its total thickness, the pattern having zones free from resin amounting to 35 to 60% of the total area of the wire side, each zone having at least one dimension no greater than 4 mm.

Abstract: An oil filter cartridge comprising filter discs and separator discs stacked alternately, the separator discs having inlet and outlet chambers walled in by the contiguous filter discs. The filter discs have inlet ports in registration with the inlet chambers for introducing unfiltered oil therein. The separator discs are provided with slots registering with the inlet ports of the filter discs. These slots, in combination with the adjacent inlet ports, provide enlarged inlet orifices which are not readily blocked by swelling of the material of the separator discs due to water-contaminated oil.

Abstract: An improved inside-to-outside flow filter tube and method of manufacturing the tube, which filter tube comprises: a plurality of nonwoven fibers having interstices therebetween to define the porosity of the filter tube, the tube containing a binding agent at the junction of the fiber crossovers to provide a self-supporting structure of a defined wall thickness and filter porosity; and an open scrim reinforcing sheet material within the wall of the filter tube extending generally the length of the tube and at least one overlapping revolution about the tube diameter, the fibers of the filter tube bonded integrally through the open scrim material, thereby permitting the use of the filter tube in applications requiring inside-to-outside fluid flow without the necessity for an external peripheral support.

Abstract: A reinforced sheet product for selective sorption of an immiscible liquid from a liquid mixture is disclosed. The reinforced sheet product comprises a flexible net-like reinforcing structure secured between at least two sheets or layers of non-woven material predominately composed of cotton which are preferentially sorptive of one liquid over another liquid in the mixture. The product according to the invention finds particular application as a lightweight reinforced wiping cloth or towel especially useful for removing oil from an aqueous mixture.

Abstract: A filter for the filtration of blood characterized by a high flow rate with low pressure drop, which filter comprises: a filter housing; an inlet in the housing for the introduction of the blood to be filtered; an outlet in the housing for the removal of filtered blood; and a filter element disposed within the housing, which element comprises a helically coiled strip of sheet material containing a surface layer of fibrous flocked material on at least one side thereof, the sheet material wound into a helical coil of desired tightness, and the flocked material selected to remove particles from the blood to be filtered.

Abstract: A coating modification process is provided for use in ultrafiltration systems to improve the adherence of porous coatings of preformed, aggregated, inorganic metal oxide particles, to substrates, particularly those comprised of hollow tubular porous carbon members. The process involves exposure of the coated members, during the initial treatment to water vapor at specific humidity, temperature and times. The ultrafiltration systems so treated are particularly well-suited for prolonged use in the concentration and separation of oil from mixtures of oil, water and detergents, the recovery of polyvinylalcohol from textile wastes, and other useful applications.

Abstract: Particulate porous absorptive material such as carbon is coated with a biocompatible polymer to give a thin (e.g. 1-10 micron) smooth permeable coating without plugging the pores. The resulting material is free from fines and surface debris and useful for haemoperfusion. Coating is best effected by spraying hot washed carbon granules, free from fines and in rapid movement with a solution of polymer (e.g. polyHEMA) so as to bring about rapid evaporation and a coating weight preferably of up to 20% usually 0.25% to 5%.

Abstract: Improved filter media comprised of negatively charged high surface area particulate filter material the surface of which is modified with a melamine-formaldehyde cationic colloid; processes for the preparation thereof; and use in liquid filtration to remove submicron contaminants including negatively charged particles.

Abstract: Improved filter media comprised of negatively charged high surface area fibrous filter material the surface of which is modified by treatment with a melamine-formaldehyde cationic colloid, processes for the production thereof, and use in liquid filtration to remove submicron contaminants including negatively charged particles. Glass microfiber treated with Parez 607 colloid is preferred.

Abstract: A filter tube, which filter tube comprises a mass of interrelated nonwoven glass fibers, the fibers having a diameter of from about 0.001 to about 10 microns, the fibers bonded at the junctions of the fiber crossovers with a hardened silicone resin bonding agent, the fibers interrelated to form a semirigid mass of desired porosity suitable for use as a filter for gases or liquids.

Abstract: A filter medium which permits an increased amount of filtration. The filter medium can be prepared by blending 100 parts by weight of aggregate particles, 5-18 parts by weight of an inorganic bonding material having a chemical composition of about 10-50% by weight of SiO.sub.2 and about 5-20% by weight of B.sub.2 O.sub.3 and containing at least 70% by weight of a non-vitreous substance such as talc or boric acid, and about 3-15 parts by weight of a combustible substance such as wheat flour, kneading the mixture with a caking material and water, molding the kneaded mixture, drying it, and then calcining the dried mixture at a temperature not lower than about 1100.degree.C. The size and number of the air-permeable pores in the filter medium can be controlled by adjusting the amounts of the bonding material and combustible substance.

Abstract: Conductive filter elements are made by treating nonconductive fibrous materials such as inorganic or organic fibers with resins containing finely divided carbon. The treated fibers are then fabricated into filter elements which are electrically conductive throughout. Strands of roving or yarn which are nonconductive may be joined by twisting together with strands of conductive roving or yarn to give conductivity to the finished multiple strand. Conductive filter elements are also made from extruded fibers which are filled with carbonaceous material during extrusion. These elements permit grounding of static electrical potential which would otherwise accumulate in a nonconductive element. If desired, a controlled low potential direct or alternating electrical charge can be maintained on the filter element to enhance the separation of particles of opposite charge. Particulate filter media, such as that used in filter beds, may also be treated with carbon to form an electrically conductive filter mass.