Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for purifying water using at least one unit for trapping one or more ions and at least one membrane filtration unit, wherein an aqueous stream is withdrawn from a source and is fed to the aforementioned unit for trapping one or more ions, wherein the aqueous stream leaving the aforementioned unit is fed to the aforementioned membrane filtration unit, and at least one concentrate stream and one permeate stream are obtained in said membrane filtration unit, wherein at least part of the aforementioned one or more ions that are trapped is added to the aforementioned permeate stream to obtain a permeate stream enriched with one or more ions.

Abstract: The present invention provides a filter which, even when raw water is subjected to high-speed treatment, enables achieving a high solute rejection ratio and a long solute filtration life and which exhibits a low water flow resistance. The present invention pertains to a filter obtained by laminating woven fabrics or knitted fabrics, the filter being characterized in that: said woven fabrics or knitted fabrics comprise a fiber capable of adsorbing components dissolved in liquid: said fiber has a diameter of 100-600 ?m; the woven fabrics or knitted fabrics have a porosity of 15-70%; and variation in area porosity in the thickness direction of the laminate is 15% or less.

Abstract: A dialysis system (e.g., a hemodialysis (HD) system) can be designed to operate in alternative environments, such as disaster relief settings or underdeveloped regions. The dialysis system can include a solar panel for generating electricity to power the dialysis machine and an atmospheric water generator for extracting water from ambient air. The extracted water can be used to generate dialysate and saline on-site. One or more of the components of the dialysis machine can be discrete components that are configured to facilitate fast shipping and simple on-site assembly (e.g., at a remote location). In some implementations, the discrete components may be configured to be attached to an existing dialysis system (e.g., a dialysis system designed for operation in a traditional environment) to permit the dialysis system to operate in an alternative environment.

Abstract: A method for treating sulfide in an aqueous fluid comprises contacting the fluid with an oxidizer in the presence of a sulfur dye or sulfurized vat dye. In one embodiment, the method comprises treating sulfide contaminated water by contacting the contaminated water with air in the presence of a sulfur dye or a sulfurized vat dye. The method is useful for remediating industrial, agricultural, and municipal waste water.

Abstract: Ligand functionalized substrates, methods of making ligand functionalized substrates, and methods of using functionalized substrates are disclosed.

Abstract: Processes and system for producing biofuels and coproducts are described herein. The system includes a heterogeneous acid catalyst and reactors for reacting a) an alcohol and b) a mixture of a fatty acid glyceride and a fatty acid. The system may further include a pretreatment system and a purification system.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus and method for producing ultrapure water of extremely high purity that sufficiently meets the requirement for its quality at low production cost with reduced footprint. The apparatus for producing ultrapure water includes a pretreatment system, a primary water purification system, and a subsystem, wherein the primary water purification system includes a high-pressure reverse osmotic membrane separation unit, a degassing unit, an ultraviolet oxidation unit, and an ion-exchange unit in this order.

Abstract: A process for ion-exchanging an exchangeable-ion containing solid material, characterized in that said process include a bipolar membrane electrodialysis step, which comprises subjecting an aqueous ion-containing solution to a bipolar membrane electrodialysis to produce an acid liquid; an ion-exchange step, which comprises contacting the exchangeable-ion containing solid material with the acid liquid and conducting the ion-exchange to produce a slurry containing the ion-exchanged solid material; a solid-liquid separation step, which comprises subjecting the slurry containing the ion-exchanged solid material to a solid-liquid separation to produce a solid phase and a liquid phase, adjusting the liquid phase to a pH of 4-6.5, and subjecting the pH-adjusted liquid phase to a solid-liquid separation to produce a treatment liquid. Oxalic acid is used in at least one of the bipolar membrane electrodialysis step, the ion-exchange step, and the solid-liquid separation step.

Abstract: A method for mitigating fouling in a once-through steam generator train is described. The method involves obtaining foulant samples from the once-through steam generator train. Obtaining water samples from one or more locations along the once-through steam generator train. Recovering filtered solids from the water samples from the one or more locations. Characterizing at least one physical property of the foulant samples and the filtered solids. Determining locations along the once-through steam generator train that include foulant precursor based on a matching of the at least one physical property between the foulant samples and the filtered solids. Installing an absorbent at locations that include the foulant precursor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the serial surface treatment of metal components that have zinc surfaces, wherein the method comprises an alkaline pretreatment, and a method for the selective removal of zinc ions from an alkaline bath solution for the serial surface treatment of metal surfaces that have zinc surfaces. According to the invention, in order to perform each method, part of the alkaline aqueous bath solution is brought in contact with an ion exchange resin that bears functional groups selected from —OPO3X2/n and/or —PO3X2/n, wherein X is either a hydrogen atom or an alkali metal and/or alkaline-earth metal atom to be exchanged having the particular valency n.

Abstract: The water treatment system includes: an aluminate ion addition part for adding an aluminate ion additive to water to be treated containing at least salt content and silica; a first precipitation part provided on the downstream side of the aluminate ion addition part; a first pH adjustment part provided on the downstream side of the first precipitation part; a first solid/liquid separation part for separating the solid content in the water to be treated; a second pH adjustment part for adjusting the pH of the water to be treated from the first solid/liquid separation part to a second pH level; and a first separation membrane (desalination treatment) apparatus provided on the downstream side of the second pH adjustment part so as to separate the water to be treated into first permeated water and first non-permeated water by removing the salt content in the water to be treated.

Abstract: A method for removing hydrogen sulfide from a liquid stream is described. The method includes contacting the liquid stream including a first amount of hydrogen sulfide with a first side of a porous gas-liquid separation membrane. The hydrogen sulfide moves through the pores of the membrane from the first side to a second, opposite side of the membrane. The method further includes contacting a receiving fluid with the second, opposite side of the porous membrane to receive the hydrogen sulfide. The liquid stream is thus converted to a reduced-sulfide liquid stream having a second amount of hydrogen sulfide that is less than the first amount of hydrogen sulfide. A method for removing ammonia from a liquid stream is also described.

Abstract: In a method for purifying an oil (8)/water (42) mixture (40), the mixture (40) is fed to a container (48) having an ultrafiltration unit (52) with a membrane (30), and a protective material (50) is added to the mixture (40), which protective material, directly or after chemical reaction with the water from the mixture (40), as a film (62) on the membrane (30), keeps free oil (8) away from said membrane. Purified process water for extracting and/or refining of petroleum (8) is thus produced from process water (42) which is contaminated with petroleum (8). A purification device (64) substantially comprises a container (48) having an ultrafiltration unit (52) with a membrane (30), a feed line (28) to the container (48) and an addition device (27) for protective material (50) in the flow path (56) to the membrane (30).

Abstract: An ink jet textile printing ink composition according to the invention contains Li+, Na+, and a compound represented by the following formula (1):

Abstract: A water treatment system includes a first demineralizing section that separates water to be treated including Ca ions, SO4 ions, and carbonate ions into concentrated water and treated water; a crystallizing section including a first crystallizing tank 21 that crystallizes gypsum from the concentrated water and a first seed crystal supplying section 22 that supplies seed crystals of gypsum to the first crystallizing tank 21; a first pH measuring section 543 that measures the pH of the first concentrated water in the first crystallizing tank 21; and a first controlling section that reduces the amount of the seed crystals of the gypsum to be supplied when the measured pH falls within a pH range in which a scale inhibition function of the calcium scale inhibitor is reduced, and increases the amount of the seed crystals of the gypsum to be supplied when the measured pH is beyond the pH range.

Abstract: This desalinization system, which obtains industrial-use water and drinking water from seawater and wastewater, is provided with: a purification device that purifies wastewater by removing activated sludge therefrom; a first RO membrane that removes salt from the output of the purification device by transferring said salt to first concentrated water, thereby producing industrial-use water; a UF membrane that seawater passes through and that removes particulates from said seawater; a second RO membrane that removes salt from the treated output of the UF membrane by transferring said salt to second concentrated water, producing drinking water; an agitation device to which the second concentrated water from the second RO membrane and the first concentrated water from the first RO membrane are sent to be agitated; and a third RO membrane removing salt from the liquid mixture agitated by the agitation device by transferring said salt to third concentrated water, producing industrial-use water.

Abstract: A method of removing at least one cationic dye from an aqueous solution. The method includes contacting the aqueous solution with an adsorbent comprising a water-insoluble membrane disposed on a substrate. The water-insoluble membrane comprises cross-linked humic acid, at least one alginate, and hydroxyethyl cellulose. The contacting forms a treated aqueous solution having a lower concentration of the at least one cationic dye relative to the aqueous solution.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for using lectins that bind to pathogens having high mannose surface glycoproteins or fragments thereof which contain high mannose glycoproteins, to remove them from infected blood or plasma in an extracorporeal setting. Accordingly, the present invention provides a method for reducing viral load in an individual comprising the steps of obtaining blood or plasma from the individual, passing the blood or plasma through a porous hollow fiber membrane wherein lectin molecules are immobilized within the porous exterior portion of the membrane, collecting pass-through blood or plasma and reinfusing the pass-through blood or plasma into the individual.

Abstract: Selectively amino- or phosphino-functionalized block copolymers, and their preparation, for use as anion exchange membrane materials. The selectively functionalized block copolymers have at least two end blocks A each of which are substantially free of amino- or phosphino-functional groups, and have at least one interior block D which comprises on average at least one amino- or phosphino-functionalized polymer unit of formula (I) wherein Z is nitrogen or phosphorous; R1 is hydrogen or alkyl; R2 is hydrogen or is tertiary alkyl; R each independently, is hydrogen or is alkyl optionally substituted by a moiety -(A1-NRa)xRb; or two R groups, together with the Z to which they are bonded, form an optionally substituted ring; x is 1, 2 or 3; A1 is straight chain alkylene optionally substituted by one or more methyl and/or ethyl groups; and Ra and Rb, each independently, is hydrogen or alkyl; or a corresponding onium salt.

Abstract: Processes, systems, and techniques for multivalent ion desalination of a feed water use an apparatus that has a cathode, an anode, and an electrodialysis cell located between the cathode and anode. The cell has a product chamber through which the feed water flows, a multivalent cation concentrating chamber on a cathodic side of the product chamber through which the concentrated multivalent cation solution flows, and a multivalent anion concentrating chamber on an anodic side of the product chamber through which the concentrated multivalent anion solution flows. The product chamber and the multivalent cation concentrating chamber are each bounded by and share a cation exchange membrane, and the product chamber and the multivalent anion concentrating chamber are each bounded by and share an anion exchange membrane. A monovalent ion species is added to at least one of the concentrated multivalent cation solution and the concentrated multivalent anion solution.

Abstract: Ligand functionalized substrates, methods of making ligand functionalized substrates, and methods of using functionalized substrates are disclosed.

Abstract: A high-magnesium concentrated liquid is disclosed. In a first embodiment, the high-magnesium concentrated liquid comprises magnesium ranged from 60000-70000 ppm, sodium ranged from 1000-3200 ppm, potassium ranged from 300-3000 ppm, calcium ranged from 100-300 ppm, and the balance of water. In a second embodiment, the high-magnesium concentrated liquid comprises magnesium ranged from 40000-50000 ppm, sodium ranged from 8000-18000 ppm, potassium ranged from 8000-17000 ppm, calcium ranged from 15-250 ppm, and the balance of water.

Abstract: An atomizing nozzle of an electronic atomizing inhaler, includes a casing body, provided with a cap at the opening of the front end, with a gas-outlet aperture on the cap, and provided with a rear closure at the opening of the rear end, with a gas-inlet aperture on the rear closure; a liquid-container and a heater provided in the cavity formed by the casing body, the cap and the rear closure, an airflow-passage being provided between the casing body and the liquid-container; a liquid-guiding device closing the mouth part of the liquid-container, with no liquid-storage medium provided in the liquid-container; and a heater provided on the top of the rear closure, contacting the lower surface of the liquid-guiding device. An electronic atomizing inhaler is also provided.

Abstract: Provided are a water treatment system and a water treatment process, which are capable of reproducing water containing salts with high water recovery. A water treatment system 100 comprises a second demineralizing section 210a, 210b that separates water to be treated containing Ca ions, SO4 ions and carbonate ions into concentrated water in which the Ca ions and the SO4 ions are concentrated and treated water; a crystallizing section which is positioned on a downstream side of the second demineralizing section 210a, 210b and which includes a second crystallizing tank 221a, 221b that crystallizes gypsum from the concentrated water and a seed crystal supplying section that supplies seed crystals of gypsum to the second crystallizing tank 221a, 221b; and a separating section that is positioned on a downstream side of the crystallizing section and separates the gypsum from the concentrated water.

Abstract: A method for removing the fluorine component from waste water which is produced during the manufacturing process of highly reactive polybutene and contains high concentration of fluorine component, is disclosed. The method comprises a step of adding to the waste water a treating agent selected from a group of Al compound, Ca compound and mixture thereof at temperature of 50 to 300° C. for reaction, whereby boron trifluoride neutralized salt is decomposed to form Al salt or Ca salt of fluorine component so that the fluorine component is removed in the form of the Al salt or the Ca salt of fluorine component.

Abstract: The GURU-BRAHMA filter for purifying drinking water is a passive multi-stage multi-media filter for use in water purification. The GURU-BRAHMA filter for purifying drinking water removes harmful contaminants from a water stream including, but not limited to, toxic heavy metals and metalloids, pharmaceutical residues, microtoxins, endocrine disrupters, chlorinated and other halogenated solvents, fluoride, nitrate, and naturally occurring radioactive contaminants. The GURU-BRAHMA filter for purifying drinking water maintains concentrations of beneficial phyto-chemicals including, but not limited to flavonoids, phytosterols, tannins, polysaccharides, saponins, polyacetylenes, that provide many health benefits including natural cleansing of the blood and the liver and protection against the accumulation of bacteria, fungus, and viruses. Water processed through the GURU-BRAHMA filter for purifying drinking water meets United States, European Union and World Health Organization standards for safe drinking water.

Abstract: In a water treatment system and a water treatment process, a scale inhibitor is supplied to water to be treated containing Ca ions, SO4 ions, carbonate ions, and silica, and the water to be treated is adjusted to a pH at which silica is soluble. The pH-adjusted water containing the calcium scale inhibitor is separated in a first demineralizing section into concentrated and treated water. In a first crystallizing section, seed crystals of gypsum are supplied to the first concentrated water, whereby gypsum is crystallized and removed from the first concentrated water. Silica in the water to be treated is removed from the first concentrated water on the downstream side of the first crystallizing section. Calcium carbonate in the water to be treated is removed from the first concentrated water on the upstream side of the first demineralizing section or the downstream side of the first crystallizing section.

Abstract: Provided are a water treatment system and a water treatment process, which are capable of reproducing water containing salts with high water recovery. In the water treatment system (400) and the water treatment process of the present invention, after a calcium scale inhibitor and a silica scale inhibitor are supplied to water to be treated containing Ca ions, SO4 ions, carbonate ions, and silica, and the water to be treated is separated in a second demineralizing section (210) into second concentrated water in which the Ca ions, the SO4 ions, the carbonate ions, and the silica are concentrated and treated water. In a second crystallizing section (220), seed crystals of gypsum are supplied to the second concentrated water, whereby gypsum is crystallized and removed from the second concentrated water.

Abstract: A polar liquid mixture containing suspended or dissolved particles or solute is exposed to air or a hydrophilic surface. An exclusion zone having a reduced concentration of particles or solute is formed in the polar liquid adjacent to the interface with air or the hydrophilic surface. One or more fractions of purified polar liquid and/or concentrated particles or solute are collected. A sensor can provide feedback to the collector.

Abstract: A photosensitive resin material of the invention is a photosensitive resin material used to form a permanent film including one or more selected from a novolac-type phenol resin, a phenol aralkyl resin, and a hydroxystyrene resin as an alkali-soluble resin (A) and a photosensitive diazoquinone compound as a photosensitizing agent (B), in which a content of iron with respect to all non-volatile components, which is measured through flameless atomic absorption spectroscopy, is equal to or more than 0.005 ppm and equal to or less than 80 ppm, and non-ionic iron is included as the iron.

Abstract: A pressurized rod anode having a hollow core that is monitored by a sensor. The hollow core is pressurized at all times, or in the alternative, is of a pressure less than the pressure within a reactor tank. A rod anode that fails to maintain pressure indicates material removal sufficient to breach the integrity of the rod anode. A relay can be used to cause removal of the rod anode power source when a breach of integrity occurs. Indicator lights provide instant monitoring of the rod anode condition, a bypass switch allow temporary operation of a rod anode pending a timed shutdown for repair.

Abstract: A dialysis authentication system comprising at least one dialysis component having at least one authentication component affixed thereon. The dialysis component can be any one of a dialyzer, sorbent cartridge, or recharger. The authentication component can be selected from the group comprising a radio-frequency identification marker, a bar code, a one-wire security component, and a wireless authentication component.

Abstract: Provided are methods for identifying or monitoring a subject having, or at risk of developing, impaired glucose homeostasis. Carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoic acid (CMPF) is shown to be a biomarker for impaired glucose homeostasis and/or conditions characterized by ?-cell dysfunction. Comparing a test level of CMPF in a subject to a control level identifies subjects having, or at risk of developing, impaired glucose homeostasis. Also provided are methods of causing impaired glucose homeostasis or ?-cell dysfunction and methods of screening for compounds that affect the activity of ?-cells. Also provided are methods for the treatment of ?-cell dysfunction by reducing the physiological levels of CMPF in a subject as well as the use of a OAT modulator for the treatment of ?-cell dysfunction.

Abstract: A sorbent based monitoring system for measuring the solute concentration of at least one component of a fluid. The system has a sorbent regeneration system for regeneration of the fluid and has a sorbent cartridge that has at least one material layer. The fluid is conveyed through the sorbent cartridge and contacts at least one sensor after having contacted at least one material layer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a contact protection apparatus for covering a connection point of a medical fluid-conducting cassette for a medical fluid treatment, having at least one covering device for covering the connection point before the use of the cassette, and having at least one connection section for detachably connecting or holding the contact protection apparatus on the cassette. The present invention further relates to a medical fluid-conducting cassette having at least one contact protection apparatus according to the present invention.

Abstract: A process for desalinating water is disclosed. The process comprises the steps of passing a feed stream of saline solution 2? in a first desalination step through a reverse osmosis membrane desalination plant 3? comprising at least one reverse osmosis desalination unit 4? to form a first product water stream 5? having a reduced salt concentration relative to that of the feed stream of saline solution 2? and a first byproduct stream 6? having an increased salt concentration relative to that of the feed stream of saline solution 2? characterized in that the first byproduct stream 6? is passed in a second desalination step through a suspension crystallization unit 7 to form a second product water stream 8 having a reduced salt concentration relative to that of the first byproduct stream 6? and a second byproduct stream 9 having an increased salt concentration relative to that of the first byproduct stream 6?. The invention further relates to an apparatus 1 for carrying out said process.

Abstract: The present invention, in some embodiments thereof, relates to methods and devices for determining a disease state in a patient. In some embodiments, human serum albumin may be analyzed for associated molecules, wherein the associated molecules are related to a disease such as cancer. Certain aspects of the invention are generally directed to devices and methods for determining a disease state as a function of the three-dimensional structure of a blood protein, human serum albumin (HSA) or its complex with other ligands, e.g., due to binding to disease-specific ligands. HSA interacts with biomolecules associated with a disease presence, and liganded HSA may differentially partition between aqueous phases of a predetermined partitioning system, wherein the partitioning behavior differs between HSA from healthy individuals and HSA from people harboring the predetermined disease, such as breast cancer.

Abstract: A carbon to liquids system comprising: a source of syngas; a first reactor coupled in flow communication with said syngas source and configured to receive a flow of syngas therein, said first reactor comprising a polymeric material, wherein said first reactor reacts the syngas and a catalyst in a Fischer-Tropsch reaction that produces a product comprising steam, wherein the polymeric material is configured to permit the permeation of the steam therethrough; and a recycle path coupled in flow communication with said first reactor, wherein said recycle path is configured to channel the permeated steam to a vessel positioned upstream from said first reactor. A method of operating a carbon to liquids system includes receiving a flow of syngas and reacting the syngas and a catalyst to produce a product including steam. The method also includes recycling the permeated steam to a vessel positioned upstream from the reactor.

Abstract: The use of stillage in a saccharification/fermentation process of lignocellulosic biomasses, regardless of the form of the biomasses and regardless of the use of the obtained final hydrolyzed broth. The beneficial effect conferred by the stillage to the saccharification process of lignocellulosic biomasses presents among other characteristics the ability to buffer the reaction medium, especially when such process takes place in an enzymatic route, but not limited to it, regardless of the type of biomass being used and the type of pretreatment to which the biomass is subjected. Fermentation processes, such as the ethanol production, using stillage as source of nutrients such as, for example, nitrogen, for growing microorganisms, but not limited to it.

Abstract: A method of supplementing a diet and ameliorating oxidative stress in a mammal includes administering a pharmaceutically effective amount of an active compound having the chemical structure: where n=1-4 and X is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, lithium sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium and francium.

Abstract: A method for making an absorbable microtube comprising the steps of a) extruding an absorbable polymer melt through a die to produce a molten extrudate; b) passing the molten extrudate vertically through an air gap ranging from about 0.1 to 0.5 inch as measured-from-the tip of the die to the surface of a liquid quenching medium to produce a quenched extrudate; and c) drawing the quenched extrudate to produce a drawn tube having an outer diameter of about 4 to about 12 mil; and an absorbable microtube that is made according to this method.

Abstract: A system and method treat oilfield produced water by two-stages of hazardous sulfide treatments. In an embodiment, a two-stage oil and gas field produced water treatment system includes an oil removal vessel. The oilfield produced water is introduced to the oil removal vessel. The oil removal vessel removes a portion of the hydrocarbons from the oilfield produced water to provide a reduced oil produced water. In addition, the system includes an iron sponge. The reduced oil produced water is introduced to the iron sponge, and the iron sponge removes a portion of the hazardous sulfides from the reduced oil produced water to provide a reduced sulfide produced water. The system also includes a stabilized sodium percarbonate solution. The stabilized sodium percarbonate solution is mixed with the reduced sulfide produced water to remove a portion of the hazardous sulfides from the reduced sulfide produced water to provide a treated produced water.

Abstract: The present invention may be used in systems and methods for brine treatment scaling control in a water treatment system. A concentrated brine stream influent may be treated in an electrodialysis-reversal process to produce a concentrated brine stream effluent and a lower salinity diluent water, which may be potable water effluent. The concentrated brine stream effluent may be processed in a brine treatment scaling control system that may have a mixing vessel and a membrane filter with the mixing vessel seeded with calcium sulfate. A lowered salinity brine stream effluent may be produced for return to the electrodialysis-reversal process to allow operation at greater overall recovery and an elevated concentrated brine stream may be produced.

Abstract: A device and method for separating boron from carbonate are provided. The device in some embodiments, includes a first half having a heating section, a second half having a cooling section and a plurality of vials disposed therebetween. The second half is opposite the first half. The plurality of vials are adapted to receive boron and an alkaline matrix such that, during heating of the first half and cooling of the second half, boron is sublimated and condensed on a closed end of each of the plurality of vials.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a thermo-responsive draw solute that can be applied to water desalination and purification based on forward osmosis. The thermo-responsive draw solute has a molar mass of 50 to 3000 g/mol and undergoes a phase transition at a temperature of 0° C. to 70° C. The thermo-responsive draw solute creates optimum conditions for the desalination of seawater and the purification of contaminated water based on forward osmosis. The present invention also relates to a method for water desalination and purification using the thermo-responsive draw solute. The method consumes little energy for water desalination or purification, is simple to apply to water desalination or purification, and enables separation of the draw solute in a very easy manner.

Abstract: A method for producing a copolymer for semiconductor lithography containing less metal impurities, and a method for purifying a polymerization initiator for production of the copolymer, are provided. The method for purifying a polymerization initiator to be used for production of a polymer includes a filtering step wherein a solution of a polymerization initiator dissolved in an organic solvent is allowed to pass through a filter having a nominal pore size of not more than 1.0 ?m, to reduce the sodium content of the polymerization initiator solution to not more than 300 ppb with respect to the weight of the polymerization initiator. Further, the method for producing a copolymer for semiconductor lithography includes a polymerization step wherein the polymer for semiconductor lithography is synthesized by a radical polymerization reaction in the presence of a polymerization initiator purified by the above purification method.

Abstract: Various aspects of the present invention pertain to methods of sorption of various materials from an environment, including radioactive elements, chlorates, perchlorates, organohalogens, and combinations thereof. Such methods generally include associating graphene oxides with the environment. This in turn leads to the sorption of the materials to the graphene oxides. In some embodiments, the methods of the present invention also include a step of separating the graphene oxides from the environment after the sorption of the materials to the graphene oxides. More specific aspects of the present invention pertain to methods of sorption of radionuclides (such as actinides) from a solution by associating graphene oxides with the solution and optionally separating the graphene oxides from the solution after the sorption.

Abstract: Processes are provided which utilize fiber conduit reactors/contactors to effect extraction of metal element/s, metal compound/s, metalloid element/s, and/or metalloid compound/s from a fluid stream. In particular, methods are provided which include introducing a first stream comprising an extractant and a second stream comprising a metal element, a metal compound, a metalloid element, and/or a metalloid compound into a conduit reactor proximate a plurality of fibers. The second stream is substantially immiscible with the first stream. The streams are introduced into the conduit reactor such that they are in contact and the extractant of the first stream interacts with the second stream to extract the metal element, a metal compound, a metalloid element, and/or a metalloid compound from the second stream into the first stream. The method further includes receiving the first and second streams in collection vessel/s and withdrawing separately the first and second streams from collection vessel/s.

Abstract: Forward osmosis membranes include an active layer and a thin support layer. A bilayer substrate including a removable backing layer may allow forward osmosis membranes with reduced supporting layer thickness to be processed on existing manufacturing lines.

Abstract: Media and devices, such as anion exchangers including such media, wherein the media is a membrane having a surface coated with a polymer such as a polyallylamine. The resulting membrane offers stronger binding of protein impurities and superior removal of host cell proteins from biological samples than conventional ligands based on quaternary ammonium salts, including trimethylammonium ligands. Also described is a chromatography scheme and method for purifying monoclonal antibodies, wherein the anion exchange sorber is placed downstream of an affinity column (such as Protein A or Protein G affinity column) and optionally one or more polishing devices such as cationic exchange columns. Little or no dilution of the cation exchanger pool (or affinity column exchange pool where no cation exchanger is used) is necessary to lower the conductivity of the sample. The sorber functions well to strongly bind host cell proteins and other impurities in biological samples even at high conductivities and pH.