Abstract: A process for removing uranium/vanadium-based contaminants from groundwater using a primary in-ground treatment media and a pretreatment media that chemically adjusts the groundwater contaminant to provide for optimum treatment by the primary treatment media.

Abstract: A unitary water filter assembly and method for removing all microbiological and multiple types of chemical contaminants from water used in an appliance for human consumption are provided. The filter assembly includes a first filter stage fluidly coupled to receive influent water for filtering chemical contaminants therein. A second filter stage is fluidly coupled to the first filter stage for filtering microbiological organisms therein. The filter assembly allows removal of all microorganisms such as cysts, bacteria, bacterial spores and viruses, from the drinking water. The filter assembly may also be configured to remove chemicals, such as chlorine, including associated taste and odor with such chemicals, particulates, and metal contaminants from drinking water. The filter assembly may be further configured to remove volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and other organic and inorganic contaminants from drinking water.

Abstract: The invention pertains generally to dental units (e.g., a high-speed dental handpiece (11), an ultrasonic scaler(13) and an air/water syringe(12)) connected to a water supply that provides coolant and rinse water to the dental units. More particularly the invention pertains to a dental unit using water that is continuously treated with a water treatment agent, such as microbiocidal silver ions. The treated dental unit water is supplied to the dental units via dental unit waterlines (6, 7, 8, 9, 10).

Abstract: A new method is described to produce large volumes of low cost sterile, Water-for-Injection (WFI) grade water on-line, on-demand from potable water in order to meet the needs of dialysis therapies and other biological applications for sterile, injectable grade water. The source water is processed by a combination of membrane and column chromatographic methods including reverse osmosis, chemical sterilization, reduction of iodine sterilant to iodide, deionization, endotoxin-specific adsorption and polishing filtration in order to reduce contaminant levels below those specified by the US Pharmacopoeia.

Abstract: A method of disposing of photographic silver halide processing solutions including developer, bleach and at least one silver bearing solution comprising a) combining the developer and bleach solutions to oxidize the developing agent in the developer and form a developer/bleach waste solution, b) treating the silver bearing solution(s) to reduce the silver ion level and form a low silver waste solution; and c) contacting the developer/bleach waste solution and the low silver waste solution with an absorbent material to form an apparently dry waste material having a leachable silver ion level below 5 ppm.

Abstract: A method of treating produced water from heavy oil production to provide feedwater for the production of high quality steam. A produced water from heavy oil recovery operations is initially treated by first removing oil and grease to a desired level, preferably to about twenty parts per million, or less. The pH is then adjusted, normally downward and by acid addition, to release at least some carbonate alkalinity as free carbon dioxide. Preferably, all non-hydroxide alkalinity is removed, or substantially so, by introducing the feedwater into a decarbonator. In some cases, the pH may be raised (without, or subsequent to decarbonation, depending upon water chemistry) preferably by caustic addition, to maintain silica solubility in the feedwater.

Abstract: A method for treating metal-working fluid comprises the steps of: a) transferring the metal-working fluid into a heating vessel; b) heating the metal-working fluid in the heating vessel to maintain the fluid at an elevated temperature during a heating period; c) agitating and aerating the fluid during the heating period; d) transferring the fluid out of the heating vessel into a holding vessel after the heating period; and e) transferring the fluid out of the holding vessel. The fluid may pass through a particle filter before entering the heating vessel, where it may be heated to between about 145° F. and about 210° F. for at least about 30 minutes. During heating, heated ambient air may be drawn through air inlets and through the fluid to agitate and aerate the fluid, thereby ensuring uniform heating and extracting gaseous contaminants. Mist and gaseous contaminants are removed from the airflow prior to its release into the environment.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method and an installation for setting in adsorbed state, on a porous support, compounds contained in a product comprising a first step which consists in extracting the compounds by contacting the product with at least a solvent at supercritical pressure to obtain a mixture of extracts and solvent. The method is characterized in that it comprises a second step which consists in eliminating the water contained in the mixture of extracts and solvent, adjusting the temperature and pressure conditions so as to obtain, a first phase consisting of solvent in gaseous state and a second phase consisting of a mixture of liquids formed of solvent and extracts of the products; causing said two phases to trickle through a porous support adapted to adsorb the extracts; vaporizing the solvent contained in the second phase.

Abstract: Method for desalting an aqueous liquid containing a charged substance comprising the steps of: (i) contacting liquid (I) with an ion-exchanger (1) under conditions permitting binding between ion-exchanger and substance, said ion-exchanger comprising a base matrix carrying an ion-exchange ligand (Ligand 1) with the opposite charge compared to the substance, (ii) desorbing said substance from said ion-exchanger by the use of a liquid (liquid (II)). Wherein: (&Lgr;) ion-exchanger (1) is an ion-exchanger::(a) that can bind the substance in an aqueous reference liquid at an ionic strength corresponding to 0.1 M NaCl, preferably 0.25 M NaCl; and (b) permits a breakthrough capacity at the pH provided by liquid (I) which is more than 2 mg/ml of gel, at a breakthrough of 10% and linear flow velocity of 300 cm/h; and (B) in step (ii) the pH of liquid (II) is adjusted to a pH value where the charge difference between the substance, the ligand and/or the ion-exchanger is lowered.

Abstract: Fluorinated emulsifiers can be recovered from an aqueous phase containing small amounts of fluoropolymer particles by treating the aqueous phase with a small amount of a nonionic surface-active agent, bringing the aqueous phase adjusted in this way into contact with an anionic exchanger resin, and liberating the adsorbed emulsifier from the exchanger resin. The finely divided fluoropolymer can be precipitated quantitatively in the untreated aqueous phase or the eluate using flocculating agents.

Abstract: The present invention concerns methods of obtaining stable lutein and its derivatives. Additionally, the invention concerns various compositions comprising lutein, lutein esters, tetrahydrocurcuminoids, and carnosic acid.

Abstract: In the field of biomass extraction, there is a need for effective removal of solvent from spent biomass material. An apparatus for removing solvent residues includes a vessel (11) for containing biomass; a steam source (19) for supplying steam to contact the biomass; and a separator (24) for separating solvent from steam that has contacted the biomass. The disclosure includes a method of use of the apparatus.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for purifying an aqueous feed stream comprising a product organic acid, such as lactic acid, and a strong contaminant, such as pyruvic acid or oxalic acid. The molar concentration of the product organic acid in the feed stream typically is at least 20 times greater than the molar concentration of the strong contaminant. The aqueous feed stream is contacted with a first immiscible basic extractant that has at least a 3-fold greater affinity for the strong contaminant than for the product organic acid. The majority of the strong contaminant and some product organic acid become complexed with the first immiscible basic extractant. The complexed first immiscible basic extractant is separated from the aqueous stream, thereby producing a first effluent stream that comprises product organic acid and that has a greater ratio of molar product organic acid to molar strong contaminant than the aqueous feed stream did.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for processing a watery substance, such as sludge or manure, wherein in a mixer-drier (33) the watery substance to be processed, which may or may not be mechanically partly dewatered (in 31) and/or preheated (in 32), is mixed with zeolites of type A, which adsorb water from the watery substance while releasing adsorption heat which causes an amount of moisture to evaporate, while from the mixer-drier vapor and a mixture of zeolites and dried matter are discharged, whereafter the zeolites are regenerated in an oven (35) through heating, and are returned to the mixer-drier after being separated from dry matter residue formed by the heating, such as ash, and released moisture. Prior to the supply to the oven, at least a part of the dried matter can be extracted by a separation device (34) the mixture formed in the mixer-drier.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for manufacturing the activated carbon from the coffee waste. The method includes steps of immersing the coffee waste in an activator solution so that the activator adsorbs on a surface of the coffee waste, and transferring the immersed coffee waste into a high temperature-rotary reactor for proceeding a reaction of carbonization and activation to result in the activated carbon product having a high specific surface area. Therefore, the present invention can efficiently transform the coffee waste into the activated carbon product used in industries of environment engineering and foodstuff, so as to achieve the object of recycling the waste.

Abstract: A process for removing soluble and insoluble inorganic, organic, and microbiological contaminants from a fluid stream employing a pretreatment module, a post-treatment module, a recharge stream module or any combination thereof, and an ion exchange module, is provided. The process provided reduces the problems associated with ion exchange material fouling and increases contaminant removal capacity.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a water purification system capable of treating for-treatment water containing a nitrogen compound such as polluted ground water efficiently and achieving a reduction in size of the system. The water purification system comprises an electrodialyser for concentrating a nitrogen compound in polluted ground water as for-treatment water containing a nitrogen compound, a nitrogen treatment device for treating the nitrogen compound in the for-treatment water treated in the electrodialyser by electrolysis as an electrochemical process, the for-treatment water containing at least chloride ions, and a pump for returning the for-treatment water treated in the nitrogen treatment device to the electrodialyser.

Abstract: A process is provided for selectively removing protein aggregates from a protein solution in a normal flow (NFF) filtration process. Preferably, it relates to a process for selectively removing protein aggregates from a protein solution in a normal flow (NFF) filtration process and virus particles from a protein solution in a two-step filtration process. In a first step, a protein solution is filtered through one or more layers of adsorptive depth filters, charged or surface modified microporous membranes or a small bed of chromatography media in a normal flow filtration mode of operation, to produce a protein aggregate free stream. The aggregate free protein stream can then be filtered through one or more ultrafiltration membranes to retain virus particles at a retention level of at least 3 LRV and to allow passage therethrough of an aggregate free and virus free protein solution.

Abstract: The invention provides processes for treating commercial grade preservatives to remove the off-flavor and/or off-odor from the preservatives. The processes involve preparing a solution by dissolving the preservative in a suitable solvent, such as water or methanol or mixtures thereof. The preservative solution is then passed through a filter to separate and remove organic acid impurities from the preservative. The undesirable tastes and odors, principally caused by the organic acid impurities, are retained in the filter while the preservative passes through the filter. In one embodiment, the filter is a bed of anion exchange resin that reacts with and removes the organic acid impurities. In another embodiment, the filter contains a metal cation that converts the organic acid impurities into insoluble salts which remain in the filter. The solvent can be removed by evaporation after the preservative solution is passed through the filter.

Abstract: An improved filter device for the removal of contaminants from water and method of using same. The present invention comprises an outer housing having an inlet at one end for water to be purified and an outlet for purified water at an opposing end thereof. An inner filter is situated within and in fluid communication with the outer housing to remove contaminants from the water. Within the inner filter is an inner filter housing. Within the inner filter housing is at least one uniform region of dispersed granular copper media. A filter pad is positioned within the inner filter housing. Further, a region of granular activated carbon is positioned opposite the uniform region by the filter pad.

Abstract: An electrolytic method is provided for purifying an aqueous stream, including at least one contaminant ion. In one embodiment, the eluent stream flows through a purifying flow channel, including ion exchange bed, an electric field is applied through the flowing eluent stream in the purifying flow channel, and the contaminant ion is removed from the eluent stream. In another embodiment, no electric field is applied and the ion exchange bed is periodically regenerated. Two beds may be used with one bed on line while the other bed is regenerated followed by a reversal of flow.

Abstract: Discrete non-clumping mechanically stable geometric alloyed material shapes having about 55-95% by weight thermoplastic elastomer and about 5-45% thermoplastic polymer and about 0-12% by weight filler are used for removing organic contaminates from contaminated fluids. The shapes are typically spheres having a maximum dimension of 0.125 inches, or circular discs having a thickness of less than 6 millimeters. The shapes are put in a loose form or packing, and a fluid containing organic contaminants (such as water, air, or a soil slurry) is brought into contact with the shapes so that the shapes absorb organic contaminants from the fluid, typically absorbing more than 90% of the contaminants in the first pass through. The contaminated fluid is typically passed through an ozone generator before being brought into contact with the shapes. The shapes may be foamed, e.g. utilizing about 0.1-10% by weight foaming agent.

Abstract: A method for the recovery and purification of water from the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine is disclosed. An apparatus for carrying out that method is also disclosed. In this method, the water is condensed out from the vehicle's exhaust (for example, by using a countercurrent flow heat exchanger in combination with a chiller), and the condensed water is then purified. The purification typically includes passing the water through one or more particulate filters; passing the water through one or more activated carbon filter beds, and passing the water through one or more ion exchange resin filter beds.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the reprocessing respectively purification of aqueous solutions of a tertiary amine oxide, particularly of process waters, e.g. used precipitation baths, which occur during the production of cellulosic moulded bodies, comprising the separation of turbidifying agents and solid impurities from the solution. The process in accordance with the invention is characterised in that the turbidifying agents and impurities are at least partly separated by means of a flotation process.

Abstract: A process and a composite for removing toxic cations and anions from blood or dialysate is disclosed. The process involves contacting blood or dialysate with a shaped ion exchange composite to remove ammonium and phosphate ions. The composite is a mixture of an anion exchange composition such as zirconia and a microporous cation exchange composition formed into a shaped article and optionally containing a binder such as hydrous zirconium oxide. The microporous cation exchangers are represented by the following empirical formula.

Abstract: In the purification of deicing fluid for recovery of glycol, initially solid particles are separated, then dissolved organic compounds and positive and negative ions are separated by an ion exchange in an ion exchanger, and finally water is separated by distillation.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of small particle precipitation, retention and dispersion of a solid or semi-solid material onto or into a carrier material. In this method, solute particles are precipitated from a pressurized gaseous fluid solution or a liquid solution and effectively retained and dispersed within a carrier material. This technique can be advantageously used in pharmaceutical processing to produce a blend of solid or semi-solid material particles and carrier material, a granulation of the solid or semi-solid material particles with carrier material, carrier material partially or fully coated with the solid or semi-solid material particles, or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A system for remediating groundwater contaminated with radionuclides, consisting of an underground bed of crushed zeolites. Distribution pipes convey contaminated groundwater to the zeolite bed by means of a pump, which draws the contaminated water through wells from an underground plume of released waste mixed with groundwater. The radionuclides in the water undergo capture with the zeolite minerals and lock into the zeolite crystal lattice. After the contaminated water passes through the zeolite bed, it is collected by a series of collection pipes and conveyed to a sampling station, where it can be determined whether the water has been decontaminated sufficiently to discharge it by piping to a river outfall or back to the ground. When functioning, the system contains the released contaminants on the waste site and prevents further spread and migration of the contaminated water by means of the cone of depression created by the pumping well.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are chemical methods for reducing concentrations of perchlorate ion in sources of water to be used for potable purposes. The disclosed methods include contacting water containing perchlorate ion with iron metal to chemically reduce the perchlorate ion to a more innocuous ion species. The metal can then be removed. The instant methods also relate to contacting perchlorate contaminated water with iron metal or a metal oxide in the presence of phosphoric acid to form a complex with perchlorate ion and adsorb the complex onto the iron, which is then removed from the water. These methods provide an environmentally safe and economically efficient means to effectively remove perchlorate ion from potable water sources, resulting in water that is safe for human use and consumption.

Abstract: A point-of-use apparatus and methods for producing medical grade drinking water. Preferred embodiments encompass the use of one or more beneficial reagent delivery devices with which the medical grade drinking water can be fortified with various vitamins, minerals, and various pharmaceutical products.

Abstract: A preparative method of isolating a preselected whey protein or group of whey proteins from a solution is provided. The method comprises the following steps: (a) contacting a whey protein solution with the preselected ion exchanger for a time and at a temperature sufficient to enable the preselected whey protein to be adsorbed; wherein the whey protein solution has (1) a protein content in the range of about 5% to about 20% by weight, (2) a pH of a preselected level, which is the level at which the preselected whey protein or group of whey proteins selectively binds to the preselected ion exchanger, and (3) a reduced ionic strength; and (b) recovering either or both of the following: (1) the whey protein component adsorbed in step (a), and (2) the breakthrough whey protein component not adsorbed in step (a).

Abstract: The disclosed invention relates to a method of disposing of mercury-containing wastewater containing mercury-complexing materials, comprising the steps of treating wastewater containing mercury ions with a strong oxidizing agent in a reaction chamber to produce pretreated wastewater by removing an effluent stream of pretreated wastewater from the reaction chamber; and passing the effluent stream of pretreated wastewater through a column packed with a mercury-selective adsorbent material to produce an effluent stream of wastewater having a reduced mercury content. The adsorbent material is a porous resin having immobilized mercury-selective chelating groups bound thereto. A particularly preferred adsorbent material is a crosslinked styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer having immobilized dithiocarbamate groups bound thereto.

Abstract: The apparatus and methods of the present invention enable efficient and appropriate treatment of Urban Water Runoff, so that the treated Urban water Runoff can be can be introduced into public waterways without contaminating such waterways. The system apparatus utilizes adsorptive Organoclay media, mechanical filtration and ultraviolet sterilization. The methods and apparatus of the present invention remove contaminants from Urban Water Runoff to a level which enable the resulting effluent to meet appropriate standards for introducing the treated Urban water Runoff in to public waterways. The method and apparatus of water treatment of the present invention does not utilize chlorine containing compounds which, when combined with organic compounds can produce THM's that can become problematic when re-introduced to the downstream environment. The systems of the present invention can be made sufficiently compact so as to enable their use in remote locations.

Abstract: The liquid effluent from solvent extraction contains radioactive thorium Th-231 and Th-234. This invention uses an ion exchange process to remove and concentrate the thorium. The process is designed so that the thorium remains on the ion exchange column until it decays to uranium and protactinium. These decay products are subsequently replaced by additional thorium. Therefore, the thorium never reaches break-through and the column can be used continuously without regeneration.

Abstract: A method of removing metal or metalloids, arsenic in particular, from groundwater or another source of contaminated water. The method comprises providing a water source, contacting the water source with CO2, whereby the pH of the water source is lowered to produce pretreated water, contacting the pretreated water with a metal or metalloid complex-adsorbing substance whereby contaminants are separated from the remainder of the pretreated water to produce metal or metalloid-depleted water, and stripping the CO2 from the metal or metalloid-depleted water, whereby the pH of metal or metalloid-depleted water is increased. A system for metal removal utilizing the CO2 process is also provided.

Abstract: A method for resolving sludge/emulsion formed as a result of adding introduced fluids to oil and gas wells. The method comprises adding a water-dispersible emulsion breaker and/or adjunct additives that may include iron-control chemicals, scale-control chemicals, or paraffin-control chemicals or combinations thereof in amounts sufficient to separate the sludge/emulsion into an oil phase and a water phase and to control iron, scale, or paraffin in the oil phase. Further treatment of water phase includes treatment with water clarifiers, allowing the water phase to remain in settling vessels, and passing the water phase through a macroreticular resin resulting in water that is environmentally acceptable for disposal.

Abstract: A process and an apparatus are described for separating at least 50% by weight of oleaginous preparation media from elastane fibers which contain preparations, with respect to 100% by weight of the initial content of preparation media in the elastane starting material, wherein a mixture of elastane fibers of different titres is used as chopped fiber, wherein fibers with a titre of 11 to 10,000 dtex or more are used as a starting material, which chopped elastane fibers are mixed with water in a mixing vessel in a bath ratio of water to chopped elastane fibers of at least 5/1, wherein mixing is effected using mixing devices (3) with a speed of rotation of at least 1500 rpm, treatment is carried out at room temperature or at an elevated temperature, particularly up to 90° C., a treatment duration of 10 to 60 minutes is maintained, and the aqueous bat which contains preparation media is subsequently separated from the fiber material.

Abstract: A process for treatment of water via membrane separation equipment. A feedwater is maintained or adjusted to a pH of 4.3 or lower, and fed to a membrane separation system. In this manner, species such as TOC become more ionized, and (a) their rejection by the membrane separation process is significantly increased, and (b) their solubility in the reject stream from the membrane process is significantly increased. Passage TOC through the membrane is significantly reduced. A recovery ratio of eighty percent (80%) or higher is achievable with most feedwaters, while simultaneously achieving a substantial reduction in cleaning frequency of the membrane separation equipment. The method is particularly useful for the preparation of high purity water.

Abstract: The liquid effluent from solvent extraction contains radioactive thorium Th-231 and Th-234. This invention uses an ion exchange process to remove and concentrate the thorium. The process is designed so that the thorium remains on the ion exchange column until it decays to uranium and protactinium. These decay products are subsequently replaced by additional thorium. Therefore, the thorium never reaches break-through and the column can be used continuously without regeneration.

Abstract: A separation process is described for separation of a nutrient from divalent ions of an aqueous solution. The aqueous solution is contacted with an ion exchange resin that includes monovalent ions until the concentration of divalent ions in the aqueous solution has been depleted and an eluate is collected. The eluate is then subjected to a process, preferably a nanofiltration membrane process, capable of separating monovalent ions to obtain a permeate fraction including monovalent ions and a retentate fraction including the nutrient. The retentate fraction is then separated into fractions with at least one fraction including a major portion of the nutrient. The ion exchange resin is then regenerated by contacting it with a solution including the permeate fraction until a major portion of the divalent ions have been replaced by monovalent ions.

Abstract: An electro-regenerating type apparatus for producing deionized water, which comprises an electrodialyzer having cation exchange membranes and anion exchange membranes alternately arranged between an anode compartment provided with an anode and a cathode compartment provided with a cathode, demineralizing compartments compartmentalized with the anion exchange membranes on the anode side and compartmentalized with the cation exchange membranes on the cathode side, and concentrating compartments compartmentalized with the cation exchange membranes on the anode side and compartmentalized with the anion exchange membranes on the cathode side, the electrodialyzer having ion exchangers accommodated in the demineralizing compartments, wherein a porous anion exchanger layer having a porosity of from 20 to 95%, a maximum pore size of from 0.01 to 500 &mgr;m and a thickness of at least five times the maximum pore size and from 10 &mgr;m to 10 mm, is provided on the anode side of each anion exchange membrane.

Abstract: A process for depleting monovalent cations from water comprising subjecting the water to reverse osmosis, so that the retentate from this reverse osmosis has a higher ionic concentration, and subjecting said retentate to electrodialysis, so as to recover a water depleted in monovalent cations. The water may, for example, be intended for nutritional purposes. The may also, for example, contain monovalent and divalent cations, In one embodiment, the permeate from the reverse osmosis is added to the water depleted in monovalent cations, so as to obtain a water with a controlled mineral content.

Abstract: In a method for treating a contaminated fluid stream, a characteristic of a flow of the composition to a carbon adsorption zone is sensed. The sensing is remotely monitored to determine a treatment for the contaminated fluid stream. The contaminated fluid stream is then treated according to the monitoring. A system for treating a contaminated fluid stream comprises a sensor that senses a characteristic of a flow of a contaminated fluid stream prior to treatment and a monitor to receive information concerning the characteristic from the sensor and to consequently control the carbon adsorption zone to treat the contaminated fluid stream. The monitor is situated at a location remote from the carbon adsorption zone.

Abstract: The object of the present invention relates to a simple, rapid and inexpensive process for effecting solid-liquid separations in the case of zeolites, also having small crystals. This process, which is particularly useful for the recovery of zeolite crystals in suspension in the crystallization water, comprises treating this suspension of crystals with an acid or one of its precursors and subjecting the resulting mixture to filtration or decanting. According to a particular aspect of the invention, the crystalline phase is separated in a mixture with oxides which can be used as ligands. Said oxides can be generated by the reagents of the zeolite preparation reagent mixture, not transformed into crystalline phase during the synthesis hydrothermal treatment, or they can be added to the suspension of crystals before the separation treatment, or again they can be generated by precursors suitably added to the crystallization slurry.

Abstract: The present invention provides improvements for indoor closed systems used to raise aquatic life, along with methods to overcome the current problems associated with such indoor closed systems. The present invention provides an aquatic life rearing system which reuses water in the rearing process and does not pollute lakes or streams due to waste water discharge. The improvements include a method of preventing performance degradation of equipment which removes ammonia from the rearing water.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for removing impurities from a brine solution, the brine solution comprising a water soluble chelating agent, the method comprising the steps of: a) adjusting the pH of the brine solution to a pH of from about 2 to about 4; b) passing the brine solution through a first functionalized resin; the first functionalized resin having functional groups capable of removing multivalent metal cations from the brine solution; c) adjusting the pH of the brine solution to a pH of from about 9 to about 11.5; and d) passing the brine solution through a second functionalized resin; the second functionalized resin having functional groups capable of removing alkaline earth metal cations from the brine solution.

Abstract: Ozone is generated and combined with water. The combined water and ozone are then mixed to provide a substantially homogeneous mixture which subsequently is transported along a confined flow path having a length sufficient to provide substantially complete decomposition of the ozone.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for treating various kinds of drain water and waste liquid which treatment now becomes a problem, for example, drain water and waste liquid containing hardly removable phosphorus and nitrogen, waste liquid containing organochlorine compounds such as tetrachloroethylene, etc., excretive drain water from a piggery containing organonitrogen compounds at a high level, waste liquid containing heavy metals such as lead, hexavalent chromium, cadmium and the like, drain water from dairy product plants, fishery processing plants, slaughterhouses, etc. which contains water soluble protein at a high level, drain water from pulp plants, photo developing waste liquid, car wash drain water containing a mixture of car polishing wax and detergent and the like by the use of porous ceramics provided with amorphous pore surfaces.

Abstract: Invention relates to methods for water removal from oil, oil products, gas condensate, and liquid hydrocarbons. The suggested invention aims at a more efficient water removal from the flows of hydrocarbons of different origin. Technical task of water removal is implemented via the selective filtration of hydrocarbons through a filtering element consisting of three tilted beds, wherein the first and the third beds are made of a porous-cellular metal or alloy with hydrophobic surface, while intermediate one is made of hydrophilic materials such as the porous-cellular metal or alloy with modified surface, celluloid foam or the cartridges filled with glass balls or glass fiber. The suggested method allows a high degree of water removal from the hydrocarbon medium under continuous regime without water phase settling. Apparatus for the implementation of this method is also described.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system for extracting toxins from biological tissues. The system comprises a lixiviator, an ion-exchange column, a diatomaceous silica-active carbon column, and a vacuum concentrator. Twenty to one hundred kilograms of raw material can be processed at one time when puffer fish ovaries are used as the starting material.