Abstract: Purification of aqueous hydrogen peroxide solutions using conventional ion-exchange techniques can result in the hydrogen peroxide decomposing explosively. Much safer processes are obtained by restricting the contact between the resin bed and the hydrogen peroxide solution to a very short contact time, by employing a treatment chamber that is vented to the atmosphere and also by slurrying the resin bed. The bed is conveniently retained on a mesh that acts as a filter (13) preferably conical having an aperture (17) at its apex through which is introduced a small fraction of the solution countercurrent (10) to the main solution flow (9) in order to slurry the bed (19). The solution can be recycled through the same bed or a plurality of beds. Very high purification can be achieved and combined with improved safety of operation.

Abstract: A process is disclosed wherein arsenic dissolved in wastewater or groundwater is removed from solution by precipitation thereof as calcium arsenate formed by the reaction of the arsenic with lime or hydrated lime in a heated solution at a pH of about 11 to about 13. It is preferred that the arsenic is first converted by oxidation to its pentavalent form.

Abstract: Hydrogen chloride is stripped from spent basic ion exchange resin by treatment with a solution of a tertiary amine in an amide solvent. The eluent solution is treated with anhydrous ammonia to precipitate ammonium chloride. The solution of tertiary amine in amide solvent is separated from the precipitate and may be used to regenerate spent resin.

Abstract: Regeneration of a granular media is produced by mechanically forming a slurry of the media in a liquid and separation of the liquid from the granular media by rapidly rotating a separator element having small openings through the slurry, as flow of a liquid granule slurry is drawn out through the openings, the movement producing a scrubbing action keeping the openings clear of the granules.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for treating ion exchange resin which includes the steps of firstly introducing a liquor for treating the resin in substantially vertical upflow into a treatment zone in order to produce a fluidised bed comprising the resin and insoluble particulate matter interspersed with each other, and secondly separating the resin from the particulate matter through entrainment of the latter by the liquor being withdrawn from the fluidised bed in a substantially horizontal flow direction. An apparatus for performing the process outlined above is also disclosed.

Abstract: A water softening device is provided with a waste storage tank for receiving waste liquid, such as hard water used to draw out brine from a brine storage tank, as well as the used brine itself during a regeneration cycle. The tank outlet communicates with a sprinkler system, and when the sprinkler system is on, an injector valve sucks waste liquid from the waste tank to mix it in with the sprinkler system water and thereby further dilute the liquid. A method of processing the waste water accordingly includes collecting this waste liquid and preferably mixing it in with the sprinkler fluid. The brine waste and brine supply tanks in one embodiment are preferably formed as one unit with two separate compartments. The inlet pipe to the brine waste compartment has an overflow safety valve which senses, through a float mechanism, when the tank is substantially full. The valve has a normally closed port connected to a leach line or the like.

Abstract: A treatment system for removing metal ions from water and a method for cleaning the system. Contaminated water is passed through a plurality of columns having ion-extracting agents therein. When saturated with ions, each column is successively cleaned with primary and secondary acid solutions from separate vessels. When the primary acid is saturated with ions, it is membrane-filtered to remove ions therefrom. The secondary acid is then directed into the primary acid vessel, with the purified primary acid being routed back into the system (preferably into the second vessel) for reuse. The column is then rinsed with water, washed with an alkali solution (periodically concentrated using a water-permeable membrane), and rinsed again with water. The system preferably uses three columns, all of which are successively cleaned in the manner described above.

Abstract: A new thermal swing adsorption process for the separation of a bulk liquid mixture into its respective components wherein a novel rinse step is employed to achieve high product recovery with a low energy of separation. The invention is particularly useful for separating liquid mixtures containing azeotropes or close-boiling components which are difficult to separate using conventional techniques such as distillation or routine termal swing adsorption. A given example is the separation and recovery of methyl acetate from a bulk liquid mixture containing methyl acetate and water.

Abstract: The invention involves a process as well as apparatus for the separation of arsenic from waste material. The process includes precipitation of arsenic in the form of low solubility calcium magnesium arsenates by adding calcium and magnesium compounds to the waste, separation of calcium magnesium arsenates, putting the waste in contact with an ion exchanger, regenerating the ion exchanger after reaching the charge limit, adsorptively separating the arsenic by putting the waste in contact with active carbon, and separating the charged active carbon by itself or along with precipitation products. The process allows for a separation of arsenic from waste which is hard to be treated or contains heavy metals such as lead or contains sulfates to residual amounts as low as <0.3 mg As/l.

Abstract: In carrying out an organic chemical reaction, such as the synthesis of a polypetide, it is known to attach a substance to particles of pervious support material and to immerse the particles in a sequence of liquids which serve as reagents, solvents etc. The invention provides a method in which, during at least one stage in a reaction of that kind, a liquid is introduced into a vessel containing particles of support material in such a manner that the immediately preceding liquid is progressively displaced by the incoming liquid. Apparatus for carrying out that method comprises a vessel (1) with upper and lower sintered restraining plates (5 and 6) between which the support material is located. Valves (8 and 11) can be set at will to enable a pump (13) to pump liquid into the vessel from above or below and to recirculate or discharge the liquid.

Abstract: A continuous cyclic thermal swing adsorption process for the regeneration of a fixed adsorption bed and the purification of an incoming feed liquid stream, with the utilization of at least one product recycle stream, the feed stream comprising a solvent containing at least one dissolved solute, the process comprising contacting a first feed liquid stream maintained at a first temperature, the first feed stream comprising a mixture of a recycled pure, product liquid stream and optionally, at least some of the incoming feed liquid stream, with an at least partially saturated fixed adsorption bed to thereby regenerate the fixed adsorption bed while removing an enriched product liquid stream from the fixed adsorption bed; recycling an effective amount of the enriched product liquid stream having a desired solute concentration to a first storage means; contacting a second feed liquid stream, the second feed stream comprising a mixture of the incoming feed liquid stream and the recycled enriched product liquid stre

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of reducing the concentration of contaminant ions, preferably nitrates ions, in impure water. The method comprises steps of: a) passing the impure water through an ion exchange resin to substitute regenerant ions from the resin for dissolved contaminant ions; b) passing a relatively dilute aqueous solution of wash-out ions through said resin to substitute wash-out ions for contaminant ions bound to the resin and; c) passing a relatively concentrated aqueous solution of regenerant ions through said resin to substitute regenerant ions for wash-out ions bound to the resin. The affinity of the resin to wash-out ions diminishes from being greater than that for contaminant and regenerant ions when exposed to a relatively dilute ionic solution to being less than that for said contaminant and regenerant ions when exposed to a relatively concentrated ionic solution.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method of removing amines from aqueous solutions thereof, in particular from waste waters obtained in cellulose processing. The aqueous amine solutions are contacted with a cation exchanger whose anchor groups consist of carboxyl groups, in order to charge the cation exchanger with the amines. The charged cation exchanger is treated with an aqueous solution of a weak acid having a pK.sub.a larger than 3.0 in order to elute the amines. The eluate is processed by way of distillation, wherein a portion of the weak acid is separated from the amines and reclaimed, if desired.The method according to the invention offers a simple and cheap way of disposing amine-containing waste waters.

Abstract: A method for treating an amine-containing waste water, which comprises conducting the waste water to active carbon.

Abstract: An improved method is provided for regenerating cation exchange resin loaded with metal ion impurities from wet process phosphoric acid. A regenerant solution is used composed of a mixture of ammonium sulfate and sulfuric acid in predetermined proportions which are maintained during recycle of the regenerant. This solution is preferably formed from anhydrous ammonia and sulfuric acid. Calcium and magnesium sulfates are selectively crystallized from the regenerant solution in the form of readily filterable crystals.

Abstract: The process of the invention is an adsorptive solute recovery from a dilute solution that, during elution of the adsorbent bed, stores for recycling donor and receiver portions of effluent from the bed that range in concentration from barren to just less than product concentration and just less than product concentration to barren, respectively. The donor and receiver liquids are stored such that their solute concentration profiles as they leave the bed are maintained. The donor liquid is recycled through the adsorbent bed just prior to elution while the bed is treated with the receiver liquid after elution. Steady state operation is established after a number of loading and elution cycles, resulting in improved recovery of solute, reduced recycle rates and lower adsorbent inventory requirements.

Abstract: Spent aqueous alkanolamine solution containing free alkanolamine, alkali metal salts of anions which form heat stable salts with such alkanolamine and heat stable alkanolamine salts is reactivated by contacting the solution with an acidic cation ion exchange resin to remove alkali metal cations and alkanolamine cations resulting from (1) protonation of free alkanolamine with hydrogen on the resin and (2) the alkanolamine salts, followed by eluting the resin with aqueous ammonia to preferentially displace alkanolamine from the resin and thereafter eluting the resin with a dilute mineral acid to displace the ammonia, metal cations and any remaining alkanolamine. The displaced alkanolamine is recovered for reuse. The aqueous ammonia may also be recovered for reuse.

Abstract: A steam flood recovery process for recovering heavy oil from a producing formation wherein the production stream is processed to separate the produced water from the heavy oil and then the hardness of the water is first reduced to from 10-60 ppm by treatment with caustic and then reduced to less than 1 ppm by flowing it through a weak acid cation resin whereby the water can be used to generate the steam used in the recovery operation.

Abstract: A method of removing a constituent of a biological fluid including a blood component, said method including flowing the biological fluid past one side of a first semipermeable membrane; flowing solution containing a first precipitation agent past a second side of the membrane so as to cause transfer of the precipitation agent through the membrane to the biological fluid so as to improve precipitation characteristics of the fluid; and precipitating the constituent from the biological fluid. Also disclosed are maintaining a lower pressure in a biological fluid in a dialyzer than in dialysate at all portions of a membrane in the dialyzer and adding a continuously flowing stream of concentrated precipitation agent to a continuously flowing stream of a biological fluid.

Abstract: A process for the removal of cationic impurities from inorganic solutions and especially wet process phosphoric acid solutions wherein the solutions are passed through an ammonium ion or hydrogen ion charged cation exchange resin to remove various metal cations and thereafter the ion exchange resin is regenerated using an excess volume of ammonium sulfate solution which is subsequently treated to precipitate and filter out the cationic impurities so that the ammonium sulfate solution may be recycled for further ion exchange regeneration.

Abstract: A novel catalytic process is provided for the controlled degradation of organic materials into environmentally compatible products comprising at least carbon dioxide. The process employs a solid catalyst comprising at least one transition element and a peroxide to form a reaction mixture with the organic material which is degraded in the presence of photoenergy absorbable by the catalyst. The catalytic process has multiple applications including the purification of organic solvents; the regeneration of granular activated carbon; the purification of potable water and industrial waste water; and the elimination of organic hazardous and/or toxic substances from collected wastes.

Abstract: The improved method and apparatus treats the stack gases from a commercial bakery oven to remove and recover pollutants, specifically ethyl alcohol. The method includes the steps of cooling the stack gases and passing the cooled gases through a packed column to condense the water and ethyl alcohol and if the ethyl alcohol is to be recovered drying the ethyl alcohol by distillation and by absorption of the water therefrom by a molecular sieve. The apparatus includes blowers and controls to maintain the normal flow of gases from the oven so that the removal and recovery of the ethyl alcohol from the stack gases does not interfere or change the baking conditions of the oven. This may be accomplished by a system of dampers or by controlling the discharge rate of the blowers used.

Abstract: A process is described involving the detoxification of waste water containing heavy metals which includes recovering the metals in salable form. The metals are removed from the waste water by contacting the water with an ion exchange resin bed contained in a portable canister until it is determined that the resin is saturated with metal. This determination is made by measuring the appearance of heavy metal salts in the effluent from the canister.

Abstract: A process for treating a waste water containing uranium and fluorine comprises a neutralizing precipitation step wherein slaked lime is added to the waste water containing uranium and fluorine and precipitate thus formed in separated and removed, and an adsorption step wherein supernatant from the neutralizing precipitation step is contacted with a chelating resin which can selectively adsorb fluorine ions and another chelating resin which can selectively adsorb uranyl ions to thereby adsorb and remove the fluorine and uranyl ions remaining in the supernatant. Eluates of the ions adsorbed by the chelating resins and waste liquors for washing and regeneration of these resins are returned to the neutralizing precipitation step. Prior to the neutralizing precipitation step, a decarbonation step may be provided for decomposing carbonate ions, if they are contained in the waste water to be treated.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the decationization of by-products of milk, particularly whey for cheesemaking, by ion exchange, comprising passing the by-product in liquid form successively through a weak cationic resin and then through a strong cationic resin and then regenerating the resins by passing an acid successively through the strong cationic resin and then through the weak cationic resin.This process enables the strong cationic resin to be utilized to 90% of its capacity and from 30 to 40% of regeneration reactant to be saved. The product obtained serves as an intermediate in the production of lacto-proteins and demineralized lactoserum products suitable for human and animal nutrition.

Abstract: A continuous and valveless sorber device is described which utilizes a novel rotating sorption bed which operates through at least three zones (sorption, desorption and cooling). The rotating sorption bed is contained within a plurality of manifolds and the sorption bed and the manifolds are sealed to one another via sealing means. Contaminated fluid is directed through the sorption zone of the rotating sorption bed where the contaminants are removed by sorbents. The bulk of the fluid which is then cleaned is available for use. A portion of the clean fluid (regeneration fluid) is used to cool the sorbent in the cooling zone of the rotating sorption bed. The warmed regeneration fluid is then heated by a regeneration heater and is subsequently directed into the desorption zone of the rotating sorption bed where the hot clean regeneration fluid is used to desorb and carry away the contaminants from the sorbent.

Abstract: A process for the removal of hydrocarbonaceous compounds from an aqueous feed stream comprising less than about 1 volume percent of the hydrocarbonaceous compounds which comprises the steps of: (a) contacting the aqueous stream with an adsorbent to remove the hydrocarbonaceous compounds from the aqueous stream to provide an aqueous stream having a reduced concentration of hydrocarbonaceous compounds; (b) contacting spent adsorbent which has accumulated the hydrocarbonaceous compounds from the aqueous stream with an elution solvent to remove the hydrocarbonaceous compounds from the spent adsorbent thereby regenerating the adsorbent; (c) contacting the elution solvent in admixture with the hydrocarbonaceous compounds which were removed from the spent adsorbent in step (b) in the presence of hydrogen with a hydrogenation catalyst in a hydrotreating reaction zone; (d) contacting the hydrotreating reaction zone effluent with an aqueous scrubbing solution; and (e) introducing a resulting admixture of the reaction z

Abstract: A continuous industrial separation process for biopolymer extracts each individual single component from a stream of cell extract. The process can be set up as a mixed flow reactor or fluidized bed in a continuous operation under normal pressure to treat a volume of cell extract in a short period of time. The separated single biopolymer is continuously withdrawn from the process and be easily condensed into the desired concentration. A resin, which can be an ion exchanger or affinity adsorbent or dye ligand adsorbent or hydrophobic adsorbent or immunoadsorbent, is evenly suspended in a well mixed reactor to equilibrate with the biopolymers in the liquid phase. The fundamental separation scheme is successive adsorption and desorption of biopolymer from liquid. Biopolymers are isolated into a single stream or multistreams for one component or many individual components. Each stream contains only one high purity biopolymer.

Abstract: An initial aqueous pertechnetate solution which has a low electrolyte concentration compared with physiological saline is treated by passage through a bed of insoluble ion exchange material for adsorbing the pertechnetate. In a second step an ionic eluant having a smaller volume than the pertechnetate solution is passed through the bed to remove the pertechnetate to provide a relatively concentrated and pure eluate solution, the ion exchange material in the bed and the ionic eluant having respective properties for providing the eluate with a pH suitable for radiopharmaceutical purposes. The bed retains thereon radionuclidic impurities which may have been in the initial solution. The method can be valuable for treating the eluate from a portable technetium generator which is eluted with water and advantageously the insoluble material in the bed is zirconium oxide.

Abstract: An improved liquid phase adsorption process is provided using a fixed bed system wherein the conventional post-regeneration bed-filling step and the post-adsorption bed-draining step are replaced by a displacement step. The bed volume of regeneration medium in a first bed of the system undergoing the final stage of regeneration cool-down is passed directly into a second bed of the system in the final stage of the adsorption step whereby the bed volume of void-space feedstock in said second bed is removed therefrom by displacement, thus effectively accomplishing in a single operation the filling step in the first bed and the draining step in the second bed.

Abstract: A process for treating acidic process waste water containing SiF.sub.6.sup.2- is disclosed. The process is carried out by contacting the waste water with a strong base ion exchange resin and loading SiF.sub.6.sup.2- onto the resin. Phosphate ions are then removed from the waste water by raising the pH of the waste water to between about 5.0 and 7.0 and contacting the waste water with a strong base ion exchange resin and loading phosphate ions onto the resin.

Abstract: A process is provided for removing cyanide from a dilute cyanide solution. The solution is passed through a weak base anion exchange resin to absorb cyanide complexes. The resin is eluted with a weakly basic Ca(OH).sub.2 solution, to produce a cyanide-rich eluate. Elution is accomplished by recycling the eluting fluid past a bed of solid Ca(OH).sub.2, to maintain the eluting fluid in Ca(OH).sub.2 saturation. Recycling in this manner produces an eluate with relatively high cyanide concentration using economical reagents. The eluate is subjected to an acidification/volatilization process including acidification, preferably with H.sub.2 SO.sub.4, heating by introduction of steam and removal of volatilized HCN by an air sparge. The HCN-rich off-gas and slats produced therefrom may be recycled in the process. The cyanide-depleted waste streams may be disposed of in, for example, tailings ponds.

Abstract: The invention relate to a process for reducing the wash water required by weakly basic anion exchangers containing primary and/or secondary amino groups when fed with water containing carbon dioxide; in accordance with the process the exhausted, weakly basic anion exchangers are treated with dilute aqueous mineral acids before being regenerated.

Abstract: Process for operating and regenerating a fixed bed ion exchanger on a continuous basis without the need for moving the bed or closing down the operation during the regeneration step which comprises forming a fluid wall of the feed solution containing the ions to be removed and continuously flowing the feed solution as a fluid wall through a fixed ion exchange bed at a high rate until the ion exchange bed becomes exhausted and in need of regeneration, then terminating the flow of feed solution and forming a fluid wall of a stripping solution which will remove the ions from the ion exchange resin and flowing the stripping solution as a fluid wall through the fixed ion exchange bed at a high rate until the activity of the bed has been restored, then terminating the flow of stripping solution and again forming a fluid wall of the feed solution and continuously flowing the feed solution as a fluid wall through the fixed ion exchange bed at a high rate.

Abstract: Waste water streams from the steam-extraction of heavy oils are treated to remove organic contaminants, suspended solids and mineral contaminants, so as to produce a purified water stream of a quality suitable for reuse in steam production. Suspended solids are removed by coagulation, flocculation and flotation, organic contaminants are removed by activated carbon adsorption, and mineral contaminants are removed by electrodialysis or reverse osmosis and ion-exchange. Thermal economy also is effected by passing the purified water stream in heat exchange relation with the waste water stream after suspended solids removal.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for reducing the nitrate content in water, wherein water containing nitrate is contacted with an anion exchanger containing chloride and/or bicarbonate ions to remove the nitrate, whereafter the exhausted anion exchanger is regenerated, the spent eluate either (a) being divided into two or more portions at least one of which is rich in sulphate and at least one of which is rich in nitrate, the sulphate-rich portion being dumped to drain or being passed to a reaction vessel or vessels in which sulphate ions present therein are precipitated out as calcium salt by the addition of a water-soluble calcium salt or by adding an aqueous slurry of calcium hydroxide and in which denitrification is carried out on the nitrate-rich portion by means of appropriate anaerobic bacteria, a carbon source for the bacteria also being introduced into the reaction vessel and pH correction being carried out, if necessary, or (b) in which reductions of the sulphate and nitrate ion concentratio

Abstract: A process for the removal of trace quantities of hydrocarbonaceous compounds from an aqueous stream which comprise the steps of: (a) contacting the aqueous stream with an adsorbent to remove trace quantities of hydrocarbonaceous compounds from the aqueous stream to provide an aqueous stream having a reduced concentration of hydrocarbonaceous compounds; (b) contacting spent adsorbent which has accumulated the hydrocarbonaceous compounds from the aqueous stream with an elution solvent to remove the hydrocarbonaceous compounds from the spent adsorbent thereby regenerating the adsorbent; (c) contacting the elution solvent in admixture with the hydrocarbonaceous compounds which were removed from the spent adsorbent in step (b) in the presence of hydrogen with a hydrogenation catalyst in a hydrotreating reaction zone; (d) contacting the hydrotreating reaction zone effluent with an aqueous scrubbing solution; and (e) introducing a resulting admixture of the reaction zone effluent and the aqueous scrubbing solution i

Abstract: In a process for processing a waste solution containing ammonium ions and fluoride ions to recover ammoniacal water and anhydrous hydrogen fluoride, the waste solution is treated with a strong acid type ion exchange resin to separate ammonium ions; the resin is eluted with hydrochloric acid to recover ammonia as ammonium chloride; the effluent is distilled with addition of concentrated sulfuric acid to recover hydrogen fluoride; the remaining diluted sulfuric acid is concentrated and recycled to the hydrogen fluoride recovery step; the ammonium chloride solution is distilled with addition of magnesium hydroxide to recover ammonia water; the remaining formed magnesium chloride is thermally decomposed into hydrochloric acid and magnesium hydroxide, which are recycled to the regeneration of the ion exchange resin and the treatment of the ammonium chloride solution respectively.

Abstract: A process and apparatus are provided for recovering metals from dilute solution utilizing ion exchange and, optionally, electrolytic recovery. Ammonium salt regeneration solutions for use in the process and apparatus are also provided. In one aspect, the invention provides a closed loop process and apparatus whereby metals may be recovered from spent electroplating rinse solutions for reuse in the electroplating bath with essentially no generation of waste.

Abstract: A method of regenerating strong-base anion exchange resins which have been used in the extraction of complex anions followed by elution with a thiocyanate strip solution is provided. The method involves the use of ferric ions in a regenerating solution together with a substitute anion for attachment of the resin, the regeneration taking place under conditions in which ferric-thiocyanate complex cations are formed and washed from the resin by the regenerating solution. The thiocyanate can be recovered by neutralizing the regenerating solution to precipitate ferric hydroxide and leave thiocyanate in solution.

Abstract: A process for purifying lysine in a lysine production process, which involves passing a solution containing lysine over a cation exchange resin such that lysine adsorbs onto the resin, eluting adsorbed lysine from the resin with an aqueous solution of ammonia to produce a lysine-containing elution liquid, passing the elution liquid directly to a reverse osmosis membrane system, and concentrating the lysine-containing elution liquid with the reverse osmosis membrane system such that ammonia is selectively removed from the lysine containing elution; the aqueous ammonia which is separated from the lysine may be recycled through the cation exchange resin to regenerate the resin or to elute more lysine from the resin.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon liquid, such as propylene, is charged (dry) from manufacture by way of a bed of desiccant into a salt (brine-containing) cavern for wet storage, thusly regenerating the wet desiccant having been used to dry wet hydrocarbon yielded from the cavern as product.

Abstract: Process for the long-duration removal of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) from transformer-insulating liquids when substituting insulating liquids, particularly silicon oils, for PCB oils. The PCB contaminants can be removed continuously or substantially continuously from the transformer-insulating liquids using an adsorption resin, thus preventing PCB from accumulating in the transformer-insulating liquid. The insulating liquid is passed substantially continuously through the adsorption resin; adsorption resin, after enrichment with PCB oil, is washed with a solvent for PCB oils; and the washed resin is freed from residual solvent by rinsing it with a gas prior to reusing the thus regenerated resin to adsorb additional PCB oil.

Abstract: A process for treating wash water from the manufacture of terephthalic acid, wherein the wash water includes terephthalic acid, metal catalyst, and organic acid byproducts. The process includes the steps of passing the wash water through a filter medium to remove undissolved terephthalic acid solids, passing the filtered water through a cation exchange resin in hydrogen ion form to remove the metal catalysts, and passing the water through an anion exchange resin to remove dissolved terephthalic acid and dissolved organic acid byproducts. The treated water and certain components removed from the wash water are recovered and reused in the manufacture of additional terephthalic acid. An apparatus in which the process is practiced is also described and, after a quantity of wash water has been treated, the apparatus is regenerated with regenerants that are also recovered and reused in the manufacture of additional terephthalic acid.

Abstract: A process for the separation of a mineral acid from a common ion salt comprises a step of flowing a quantity of the mineral acid and salt in aqueous solution onto a strong base common ion form anion exchange resin bed whereon the mineral acid is retarded with respect to the salt. The salt is removed from the anion exchange resin. An interface cut of the mineral acid and the salt is recirculated from a bottom portion to a top portion of the anion exchange resin for further separation. A quantity of water is flowed through the anion exchange resin bed to elute the mineral acid therefrom. A portion of the elutant fluid is recycled to the top of the anion exchange resin bed.

Abstract: A process for separating an extract component from a raffinate component contained in a feed mixture. A unidirectional fluid flow system is maintained through a series of separating units through which the components travel at different rates. The units are interconnected in series so as to form a single closed loop. A component concentration distribution is established within the system of units so as to comprise a series of zones. Feed and displacement fluid are each mixed with a different intercolumn stream prior to being passed into the inlets of two of the units and extract and raffinate are taken only as portions of streams from outlets of two or more of the units at appropriate points on the component concentration distribution. At the appropriate times the inlets and outlets are shifted so as to simulate movement of the units in a direction downstream with respect to the direction of fluid flow and thereby enable the inlets and outlets to continually lie in the appropriate zones.

Abstract: This invention relates to the regeneration of cation exchanger resin containing adsorbed magnesium ions, and the recovery of the magnesium as a crystalline precipitate. The regeneration uses moderate to high concentration aqueous H.sub.2 SO.sub.4, and the recovered precipitate comprises one or more co-crystallization compounds of MgSO.sub.4 and H.sub.2 SO.sub.4.

Abstract: A method for removing and recovering ammonium and/or potassium and/or phosphate ions from wastewater is presented which comprises:permitting said wastewater to pass through at least one bed of ion-exchange resins capable of removing selectively those nutrient ionsregenerating those ion-exchange resins with a Na Cl solution or other suitable regenerant solutions so that said nutrient ions may be obtained in a much more concentrated formadding to said regeneration eluates (or, eventually, directly to wastewater) at least one Mg salt, in proper pH conditions so as to precipitate hydrous MgNH.sub.4 PO.sub.4 and/or MgKPO.sub.4, slightly soluble salts of great agronomic value.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for the separation of a mixed glucose-fructose solution into glucose and fructose by using a strongly acidic cation exchange resin of alkaline earth metal type and, more particularly, such method for the separation of glucose and fructose wherein said mixed glucose-fructose solution and water are supplied to and circulated through a bed of said cation exchange resin at least twice for increasing the distance between a zone of adsorption for glucose and a zone of adsorption for fructose that are formed in this way in the bed and, after such preliminary procedure, the glucose fraction and the fructose fraction of the effluent liquid are removed spotwise from the system while the remaining effluent fractions are again circulated in the order of efflux; at this time, the mixed glucose-fructose solution is injected spotwise into a portion of the liquid flow where the fructose content ratio is approximately equal to or slightly lower than that of the mixed glucose-fructose liquid, and w

Abstract: The present invention is for a method of regenerating diluted brine containing hardness from a water softening process. The process includes the steps of contacting the diluted brine with a weak acid ion exchange resin to remove the hardness from the brine and evaporating part of the water from the brine using heat from a production casing gas. The production casing gas comes from a producing oil well of a steam injection secondary oil recovery process. The regenerated brine can then be used to regenerate further quantities of strong acid resin which are used to soften water. The softened water can be used for making steam for use in a steam injection secondary oil recovery process.