Abstract: Provided is an anion exchange composition comprising (a) polymeric beads having covalently bound amine groups, and (b) tin(II) oxide.

Abstract: A method includes: (1) using a chelating agent, extracting divalent ions from a brine solution as complexes of the chelating agent and the divalent ions; (2) using a weak acid, regenerating the chelating agent and producing a divalent ion salt solution; and (3) introducing carbon dioxide to the divalent ion salt solution to induce precipitation of the divalent ions as a carbonate salt. Another method includes: (1) combining water with carbon dioxide to produce a carbon dioxide solution; (2) introducing an ion exchanger to the carbon dioxide solution to induce exchange of alkali metal cations included in the ion exchanger with protons included in the carbon dioxide solution and to produce a bicarbonate salt solution of the alkali metal cations; and (3) introducing a brine solution to the bicarbonate salt solution to induce precipitation of divalent ions from the brine solution as a carbonate salt.

Abstract: Overburden from surface coal mining in many regions can produce a rain runoff laden with selenium, in the selenate form. This occurs from exposed selenium-containing rocks in the overburden, from which selenate is leached out by the nearly-pure rainwater. The selenium-containing runoff water is caught in ponds. Remediation of the pond water to remove selenate down to permissible levels for discharge to lakes and streams is performed by treatment with sulfur-modified iron (SMI) in a contact bed of an upflow reactor vessel. After a prefiltering step, the pond water is pH-adjusted as needed and pumped through the SMI reactor. The treated water can then be run through an oxidation tank and filtered to remove iron. For extending effectiveness and life of the SMI the contact bed is periodically “fluffed” with a high-velocity upflow of water through the bed, expanding and loosening the contact bed to prevent or break up compacting of the SMI medium.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to polymeric beads, methods of making the beads, and methods of using the beads as high-capacity anion exchange materials. In particular, the disclosure provides polymeric beads comprising a cross-linked polyamine and having a crush strength of about 250 g/bead or more. Preferably, the beads are substantially spherical. Also disclosed are polymeric beads comprising a cross-linked polyamine that has a substantial number of both strong base sites and weak base sites. Methods of using the polymeric beads in various industrial applications, such as groundwater remediation, radio waste management, municipal wastewater management, demineralization, toxin removal, mining, food refinery, research, agriculture, and the like, are also disclosed herein.

Abstract: Method for the stabilization of contaminants within a material selected from soils, mining tailings and by-products, sludge wastes and industrial wastes, by mixing the material with an alum sludge composition. The composition includes one or more aluminum compound(s) and/or complex(es) together with a reactive carbon material.

Abstract: A method of sorbent dialysis is provided for enhanced removal of uremic toxins, such as toxic anions and/or organic solutes, from spent dialysate. More highly adsorbable zirconium polymeric complexes of these anions and/or organic solutes can be initially formed in spent dialysate by treatment with zirconium salt solution or other zirconium cation source, and then removed with adsorbent to provide purified or regenerated dialysate. Sorbent dialysis systems for detoxifying spent dialysate containing toxic anions and organic solutes are also provided.

Abstract: The present disclose is directed to a method for controlling iodine levels in wet scrubbers, and, in particular, recirculating wet scrubbers by removing the iodine from the scrubbing solution, such as by using ion exchange, absorption, adsorption, precipitation, filtration, solvent extraction, ion pair extraction, and an aqueous two-phase extraction.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a nano-structured composite material based on compositions of manganese and cerium, composed of aggregated composite nanospheres, ranging in size from 1 to 40 nm, of ultrafine crystalline nanoparticles of one or more compounds of cerium, dispersed in a metastable solid mixture of one or more sub-stoichiometric oxides of manganese, said sub-stoichiometric oxides of manganese comprising MeMnOz manganates, wherein 1?z?4, Me being constituted of one or more elements selected amongst alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transition metals and rare earths, and in particular being constituted of one or more elements selected amongst Ce, V, Ti, Cr, Fe, Cu, Zn, Sn, Ga, Gd, Y, Zr, Al, Si, La, K, Li, Pb, Cs, or mixtures thereof; which can be used in the industry as redox catalyst and/or adsorbing filter of heavy metals, cyanides, sulfur compounds, pigments, dyes, polymers (PEG), phenols, alcohols, aldehydes and ketones, ethers, esters and carboxylic acids which are present both in contamin

Abstract: A biodegradable iron-crosslinked alginate is useful as a remediation agent for environmental contaminants such as phosphate. When charged with phosphate, or other nutrients, the iron-functionalized alginate can be used as an agricultural fertilizer.

Abstract: A resin is provided for selectively binding to perchloride and related anions (e.g., TcO4?, ReO4? and I?) in aqueous solution. The resin may take the form of microparticles or beads. The beads are prepared by cross-linking macromolecules such as hyperbranched PEI, and quaternizing the amines with hydrocarbon substituents.

Abstract: A method for the recovery of acids and other materials from hydrometallurgic process solutions comprising processing said solutions utilizing a simulated moving bed chromatographic method to produce at least two product streams.

Abstract: Methods of removing ions from an aqueous fluid can comprise increasing the pH of the aqueous fluid and contacting the aqueous fluid with anion exchange materials.

Abstract: The present invention is a wastewater treatment method using dried BOF slag and hydrogen peroxide, wherein hydrogen peroxide is oxidized to generate hydroxyl radicals that reacts with soluble metal contaminants in the sludge such that these contaminants can be adsorb on the catalyst particles and/or eliminated from the wastewater stream by separation techniques. The process can use catalytic oxidation for soluble metals removal. In addition, catalytic oxidation can produce a filtered water saturated with Oxygen and higher in pH resulting in enhanced precipitation of soluble metals when softening agents, such as Sodium Carbonate, are added in a subsequent processing step. Another embodiment of the present invention is a method using ferrous sulfate for removing soluble metals in wastewater, followed by Catalytic Oxidation to remove soluble Fe without addition of metal salts, and removing sulfates by adding Barium Carbonate.

Abstract: Wastewater treatment systems, methods and apparatus for polishing a wastewater stream comprising a plurality of contaminants are provided. One system includes a vessel containing a plurality of natural media filtration agents selected to remove selected ones of the plurality of contaminants from the wastewater stream. In one embodiment, the vessel includes a bed of bauxite residue and at least one other natural media filtration agent. In another embodiment, the vessel includes a bed of compost and at least one other natural media filtration agent. The vessel includes a wastewater inlet that is in fluid communication with one or more of the natural media filtration agents. The vessel includes a wastewater outlet that is in fluid communication with one or more of the natural media filtration agents.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of producing novel chelate resins based on crosslinked polymer beads starting with methacrylic compounds, containing aminomethyl groups and/or aminomethyl nitrogen heterocyclic groups as functional groups, that have a high uptake capacity for heavy metals and rapid kinetics.

Abstract: A titanium dioxide-based hybrid ion-exchange media including anatase titanium dioxide nanoparticles supported by an ion-exchange resin for removing strong acid ions and oxo-anions from water. The titanium dioxide-based hybrid ion-exchange media is prepared in situ by combining ion-exchange media with a TiO2+ precursor solution to form a mixture and heating the mixture to yield the hybrid ion-exchange media.

Abstract: An activated carbon material for removing a contaminant from a liquid. The activated carbon material can be a plurality carbon grains that have a pore volume of approximately 0.1 milliliters per gram (mL/g) in the range of less than about 15 angstroms in width. The carbon grains can also have or contain a nitrogen-containing species having a concentration of more than 2 atomic percent nitrogen. A plurality of the carbon grains can be used to make a contactor that is operable to remove or reduce perchlorate having a concentration of 20 parts per billion (ppb) to less than 4 ppb from 4,500 bed volumes of water with the nitrogen-containing species leaching off of the carbon grains less than 0.1 mg/L. The activated carbon material can also be electrochemically regenerated.

Abstract: There is provided a method or a system for obtaining an aqueous solution substantially free of inorganic anionic pollutants selected from perchlorate, cyanide or chromate present therein, comprising contacting the aqueous solution containing said pollutants with a complex comprising micelles of an organic cation adsorbed on clay for removal of said pollutants from the aqueous solution. The method and system may also utilize a mixture of a complex of an organic cation adsorbed on clay as a micelle, and a granular material or a complex of an organic cation adsorbed on clay as a micelle. There is also provided a system comprised of a column accommodating the mixture of a complex of an organic cation adsorbed on clay as a micelle, and a granular material.

Abstract: This disclosure relates generally to methods and rare earth-containing additives for removing target materials in the form of hydroxides, carbonates, hydrates, or oxyhydroxyls from, a typically aqueous, liquid medium.

Abstract: A water treatment apparatus includes a housing comprising multiple housing portions and a plurality of treatment sections disposed within the housing, each treatment section comprising at least one distinct particulate layer. The apparatus is designed so that no water pressure need be applied to force the water through the apparatus, as gravity pulls the water down through the filtering layers. Water may also be force fed through the treatment apparatus; when the water is force fed, the housing portions need not be vertically stacked, but may be configured in any suitable arrangement. The treatment sections are distributed through the various housing portions in logical groups to perform various kinds of filtering. The housing portions are detachable and sealably stackable in multiple configurations, thus passing water through more or fewer treatment layers, depending on the quality of the incoming water.

Abstract: Novel compositions of matter synthesized from acrylonitrile and crosslinker, and subsequently coated with various hydrophilic monomers, can be used in the remediation of uranyl ions from groundwater, drinking water, or wastewater and as part of a system for measurement of uranium in environmental and biological samples.

Abstract: The invention includes ion exchange resins, methods of making ion exchange resins and their use in the removal of perchlorate from water. In one embodiment, the invention comprises a method for removing perchlorate from a water source by contacting the water with an ion exchange resin, wherein the ion exchange resin comprises particles of a crosslinked copolymer comprising: an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) of at least two polymer components each having a styrenic content greater than 50 molar percent, and a quaternary ammonium functionality.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of recovering silver safely and efficiently from a chloride or bromide bath containing various metals. Specifically, a method of recovering silver from a hydrochloric acid solution containing alkali and/or alkaline earth metal chloride, silver, copper and iron ions, comprising the steps of: (1) bringing the solution into contact with a strong-base anion-exchange resin to adsorb silver, copper, and iron on the anion-exchange resin; (2) then washing the anion-exchange resin with water to remove the adsorbed copper and iron; and (3) then bringing the ion-exchange resin into contact with a hydrochloric acid solution to elute the adsorbed silver, is provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of producing novel monodisperse chelate resins based on crosslinked polymer beads containing aminomethyl groups and/or aminomethyl nitrogen heterocyclic groups that have a high uptake capacity for heavy metals and rapid kinetics.

Abstract: The invention includes ion exchange resins and their use in the removal of chromium from water. In one embodiment, the invention comprises a method for removing chromium from a water source by contacting the water with an ion exchange resin, wherein the ion exchange resin comprises particles of a crosslinked copolymer comprising: an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) of at least two polymer components each having a styrenic content greater than 50 molar percent, and a quaternary ammonium functionality.

Abstract: Dissolved metals are removed from contaminated water by passing the water through a bed containing media bodies, preferably limestone bodies. Various contaminants carried by the water become associated with the media bodies, thereby inhibiting water flow. The media bodies are rehabilitated by using an excavator, loader, or other machine to scoop them into a bucket having a peripheral wall including a sieve, immersing the container into a liquid held in a wash pit, rotating the bucket so that contaminants abraded from the bodies fall through the sieve into the pit, removing the container from the liquid, and dumping the rehabilitated media bodies from the bucket. When the media bodies have filtered mine drainage containing a particular dissolved metal such as manganese or iron for example, a residue remaining in the basin is a rich source of metal compounds that can be recovered for economic use.

Abstract: A molecularly imprinted polymer ion exchange resin for selectively removing one or more inorganic ions in a liquid medium is disclosed and described. The exchange resin can include a bead having a porous structure and comprising a cross-linked molecularly imprinted polymer having molecular sized cavities adapted to selectively receive and bind a specific inorganic ion in a liquid medium. A process for preparing a molecularly imprinted polymer ion exchange resin can include (a) polymerizing a polmerizable mixture in the presence of an inorganic ion imprinting complex to form a bead, said inorganic ion imprinting complex including a ligand and an inorganic ion; and (b) removing the inorganic ions from the bead to form the molecularly imprinted polymer ion exchange resin, the bead having a porous structure and comprising a cross-linked molecularly imprinted polymer having molecular sized cavities adapted to selectively receive and bind a specific inorganic ion in an liquid medium.

Abstract: Methods of and apparatuses for removing selenium from water. Sulfates and organics are first removed to discourage such materials from overwhelming subsequent processing of water to remove selenium.

Abstract: A process for the beneficiation of carbonate mineral substrates by magnetic separation is defined herein wherein a phosphorus or nitrogen containing organic compound or reagent and a plurality of magnetic particles are intermixed with a carbonate containing mineral substrate, a magnetic field is applied to the mixture and a value mineral is thereby separated from a non-value mineral.

Abstract: A zirconium-loaded fibrous adsorbent material having phosphoryl groups which is produced by first grafting a reactive monomer having phosphoryl groups onto a polymeric substrate and then loading zirconium. One or more methods of using the zirconium-loaded fibrous adsorbent material to recover arsenic, phosphoric ions, and/or fluoride ions are disclosed.

Abstract: There is provided a method or a system for obtaining an aqueous solution substantially free of inorganic anionic pollutants selected from perchlorate, cyanide or chromate present therein, comprising contacting the aqueous solution containing said pollutants with a complex comprising micelles of an organic cation adsorbed on clay for removal of said pollutants from the aqueous solution. The method and system may also utilize a mixture of a complex of an organic cation adsorbed on clay as a micelle, and a granular material or a complex of an organic cation adsorbed on clay as a micelle. There is also provided a system comprised of a column accommodating the mixture of a complex of an organic cation adsorbed on clay as a micelle, and a granular material.

Abstract: An adsorptive bed having hydrous iron oxide and calcium carbonate materials. The adsorptive bed is useful in water treatment applications for removing metal contaminants, particularly for removing arsenic-containing ions.

Abstract: The invention provides an indium adsorbent that can cause indium to be adsorbed, and a simple and inexpensive indium fractioning method for isolating and recovering high-purity indium from an acid solution whose primary component is hydrochloric acid and that contains indium. A primary component of the indium adsorbent is an anion-exchange resin that has a crosslinked structure produced by the copolymerization of styrene or acrylamide and divinylbenzene, and at least one of a quaternary ammonium group and a tertiary ammonium group, and that is provided with an acid-adsorbing ability. An acid solution whose primary component is hydrochloric acid and that includes indium is brought into contact with the anion-exchange resin to cause indium to be adsorbed to the anion-exchange resin.

Abstract: Nanoparticle-treated particle packs, such as sand beds, may effectively filter and purify liquids such as waste water. When tiny contaminant particles in waste water flow through the particle pack, the nanoparticles will capture and hold the tiny contaminant particles within the pack due to the nanoparticles' surface forces, including, but not necessarily limited to van der Waals and electrostatic forces. Coating agents such as alcohols, glycols, polyols, vegetable oil, and mineral oils may help apply the nanoparticles to the particle surfaces in the filter beds or packs.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a remediation material is disclosed. The method includes providing a biogentic material as a substrate, preparing the surface of the substrate for a chemical reaction, and performing template-driven surface derivitization on the surface of the substrate to provide a net positive charge on the surface of the substrate. The remediation material may be placed into contact with surface water, ground water, soil, or sediment by at least one of a permeable reactive barrier, direct well injection, or direct introduction of the remediation material into soil or sediment, to remove contaminants from the surface water, ground water, soil, or sediment.

Abstract: Present invention deals with cost-effective surface-modified zeolite materials developed from commercial zeolites and flyash-based zeolites by treating with surface modifiers like hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (HDTMA-Br). The formation of zeolitic materials with anionic characteristics requires treatment with a surfactant with initial concentrations greater than its critical micelle concentration (CMC). The sorption of oxyanions on the surfactant-modified zeolite (SMZ) is attributed to surface complexation and surface precipitation. Incorporation of metal ions on SMZ showed improved anion uptake for dearsenification of water due to synergistic effects and is able to meet the stringent target of 10 ppb of As on potable water being adopted by most countries. High selectivity, faster kinetics and high adsorption capacity ensures cost effectiveness of this product as compared to other low-cost products for dearsenification.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of producing novel monodisperse chelate resins based on crosslinked polymer beads containing aminomethyl groups and/or aminomethyl nitrogen heterocyclic groups that have a high uptake capacity for heavy metals and rapid kinetics.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of inorganic salts for increasing the adsorption of oxoanions and/or thioanalogues thereof to metal-doped ion exchangers, preferably to iron oxide/iron oxyhydroxide-containing ion exchangers, preferably from water or aqueous solutions, and also the conditioning of these metal-doped ion exchangers having increased adsorption behaviour toward oxoanions and/or thioanalogues thereof by using inorganic salts with the exception of amphoteric ion exchangers which have both acidic and basic groups as functional groups.

Abstract: A molecularly imprinted polymer ion exchange resin for selectively removing one or more inorganic ions in a liquid medium is disclosed and described. The exchange resin can include a bead having a porous structure and comprising a cross-linked molecularly imprinted polymer having molecular sized cavities adapted to selectively receive and bind a specific inorganic ion in a liquid medium. A process for preparing a molecularly imprinted polymer ion exchange resin can include (a) polymerizing a polmerizable mixture in the presence of an inorganic ion imprinting complex to form a bead, said inorganic ion imprinting complex including a ligand and an inorganic ion; and (b) removing the inorganic ions from the bead to form the molecularly imprinted polymer ion exchange resin, the bead having a porous structure and comprising a cross-linked molecularly imprinted polymer having molecular sized cavities adapted to selectively receive and bind a specific inorganic ion in an liquid medium.

Abstract: A material for removing oxo-anions and metal cations from a liquid. This material is characterized in that it comprises hyperthermophilic ferritin. The present invention also relates to a method for removing at least one of oxo-anions and metal cations from a liquid. This method is characterized in that a material comprising hyperthermophilic ferritin is used as filter material. It is especially preferred that said liquid is comprised of water. The invention also relates to the use of hyperthermophilic ferritin for removing metal cations and oxo-anions from a liquid.

Abstract: The present invention relates, generally, to the art of impregnating metal complexes into anion exchange materials to provide improved anion exchange materials with a metal inside the materials such that the modified materials effectively and efficiently remove or recover various metals, including metal containing complexes, compounds, and contaminants, such as arsenic, from, for example, process solutions, effluents and aqueous solutions. Uses for the improved anion exchange materials are also described as are methods of making modified anion exchange materials, and methods of removing and recovering at least one metal or contaminant from a source.

Abstract: A metal hydroxide complex has a formula Me(OH)4*A?*nH2O or MeO2*A?*nH2O. Preferred complexes are formed in an alkaline medium, and particularly especially preferred anions include cyanide and cyanide gold complexes. Contemplated complexes are formed on a metal hydroxide (e.g., hydrated zirconium, hafnium, and titanium hydroxide), which may be disposed in a porous container. Consequently, contemplated compounds may be used in methods of reducing the concentration of an anion in an alkaline medium.

Abstract: The disclosed invention is a fixed bed ion exchange water purification system. It employs a combination of electronically controlled process steps and specific systems configurations to duplicate the effects of moving resin beds from one operating position to another as is required in moving bed ion exchange water purification systems. The invention combines features of single fixed bed ion exchange systems with those of a moving bed system. The invention applies to the treatment of water having typical industrial and drinking water concentrations of various ions.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a sorbent comprising a disordered polyvalent metal oxide on the surface of an inert substrate. The substrate can be a layered silicate, such as vermiculite, an aluminosilicate such as montmorillonite, or a nonlayered silicate such as a zeolite. The sorbent removes ionic contaminants, such as arsenic, from process streams.

Abstract: A method is provided for removing an inorganic ionic species or organometallic ion contaminant, or combination contaminants, including such as arsenic, chromium, bromide, bromate, perchlorate, and/or others from water which contains an unacceptably high concentration of the contaminant(s). The method includes treating the water with an ion exchange resin, preferably a magnetic ion exchange resin such as MIEX® Resin, which is capable of adsorbing the inorganic ionic species contaminant(s), and regenerating and recycling the ion exchange resin back to the process. The method produces potable water from ground water containing such contaminants and eliminates breakthrough and chromatographic peaking problems observed with conventional ion exchange systems.

Abstract: A method for removing arsenic from water by contacting water with a strong base anion exchange resin comprising at least one metal ion or metal-containing ion whose arsenate salt has a Ksp no greater than 10?5, provided that the metal is not zirconium.

Abstract: Present invention deals with cost-effective surface-modified zeolite materials developed from commercial zeolites and flyash-based zeolites by treating with surface modifiers like hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (HDTMA-Br). The formation of zeolitic materials with anionic characteristics requires treatment with a surfactant with initial concentrations greater than its critical micelle concentration (CMC). The sorption of oxyanions on the surfactant-modified zeolite (SMZ) is attributed to surface complexation and surface precipitation. Incorporation of metal ions on SMZ showed improved anion uptake for dearsenification of water due to synergistic effects and is able to meet the stringent target of 10 ppb of As on potable water being adopted by most countries. High selectivity, faster kinetics and high adsorption capacity ensures cost effectiveness of this product as compared to other low-cost products for dearsenification.

Abstract: A process and medium for decontamination of water containing anionic species including arsenic and chromium, wherein compounds comprising divalent and trivalent metal oxides and sulfides are used to form surface complexes with contaminants under pH conditions within the range of potable water. In one embodiment natural and synthetic spinels and spinel-like materials are used as the sorbent substance.

Abstract: Selective extraction of one or more metal anions from an aqueous solution, by contacting the aqueous solution with an organic solution including a diquaternary amine, wherein the diquaternary amine has two diquaternary nitrogens spaced at a distance of less than about 10 ?, selectively binding the metal anions to the diquaternary amine, and then separating the organic solution from the aqueous solution, wherein the diquaternary amines having the selectively bound metal anions are concentrated in the organic solution. Alternatively, the diquaternary amines may be adsorbed or chemically bonded to a solid, and the metal anion-containing aqueous solution passed over the solid having the diquaternary amines. Palladium may be selectively extracted by contacting the acidic solution with an iodide and an organic solvent, allowing the palladium to bind to the iodide, and then separating the organic solution from the aqueous solution, concentrating the bound palladium ions in the organic solution.

Abstract: Selective extraction of a metal anion complex, such as a platinum-group metal halide, from an aqueous solution containing other metal anions or anion complexes, by contacting the solution with a diquaternary ammonium salt having two quaternary nitrogens spaced at a distance less than about 10 ?, selectively binding the metal anion complex to the diquaternary ammonium salt to form an organo-metallic complex, and separating the organo-metallic complex from the solution. Alternatively, the diquaternary ammonium salts may be adsorbed or chemically bonded to a substrate, and the metal anion complex-containing solution passed over the substrate. Preferably, the two quaternary nitrogens are spaced a distance apart that is complementary to the ionic diameter of the target metal anion complex.