Abstract: A composition comprising a support such as a porous silicate glass or silica gel or charcoal having interconnected pores and containing heavy metal cations of mercury, thallium, silver, platinum, palladium, lead or copper capable of forming a stable complex with an anion bonded to the support. The preferred heavy metal cation is a mercury cation. The composition is especially useful for removing radioactive iodine from liquid and gaseous waste streams.

Abstract: Hexacyanoferrate ions are removed from washing waters using a weakly basic anion exchanger of the acrylic type containing tertiary amino groups. The anion exchanger is treated with an alkali metal hydroxide and an alkali metal dihydrogen phosphate solution.

Abstract: The process consists firstly in adding, to the solution, an excess of a polyelectrolyte capable of forming an ionic association with the dissolved substance which it is desired to retain, and then in bringing the solution thus obtained into contact with a material possessing ionic groups which retain the polyelectrolyte by virtue of its ionic groups not associated with the said substance. The solution and the material can be brought into contact either by filtration or by tangential bathing. The polyelectrolyte can be retained either by ion exchange or by a charge repulsion effect.The material is advantageously a fibrous material of which the ionic groups are obtained by grafting.

Abstract: A method of processing radioactive liquid wastes containing radioactive ruthenium by passing said wastes through a column packed with an adsorbent comprising a mixture of activated carbon with zinc and palladium powders is herein disclosed.

Abstract: A process for the extraction of Co (III) from ammoniacal solutions comprising Co (III) and Ni (II). The process comprises:(a) contacting said ammoniacal solution with(b) bis (2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinic acid or an ammonium or alkali metal salt thereof,said ammoniacal solution forming the aqueous phase and said phosphinic acid, or salt thereof, forming the organic phase, and(c) a phase modifierwhereby the Co (III) values are extracted from said aqueous phase to said organic phase.

Abstract: A method of regenerating strong-base anion exchange resins which have been used in the extraction of complex anions followed by elution with a thiocyanate strip solution is provided. The method involves the use of ferric ions in a regenerating solution together with a substitute anion for attachment of the resin, the regeneration taking place under conditions in which ferric-thiocyanate complex cations are formed and washed from the resin by the regenerating solution. The thiocyanate can be recovered by neutralizing the regenerating solution to precipitate ferric hydroxide and leave thiocyanate in solution.

Abstract: A process for separately recovering gold and silver from a solution containing dissolved gold and silver by carbon adsorption which comprises passing the solution sequentially through a series of carbon adsorption stages and passing carbon sequentially through the series countercurrent to the solution to cause gold and silver to be loaded onto the carbon. A portion of the loaded carbon is removed partway along the series, and silver is recovered from the removed portion of the loaded carbon. Loaded carbon is removed from the beginning of the series, and gold is recovered from the carbon removed from the beginning of the series. Carbon from which gold and silver have been removed is returned to the end of the series for re-use.

Abstract: An improved process for treating aqueous effluents and purge streams to selectively remove polluting elements such as iron, copper, lead and mercury therefrom is described. The procedure comprises contacting the effluent with a poly(dithiocarbamate) chelating agent whereby the polluting elements are absorbed. The resin is extracted with an acidic aqueous solution having a pH of from about 4 to about 6; and removing the resin. When this is done, the residual content of these polluting elements in the effluent is reduced to a level below EPA required levels so that the effluent can safely be discharged into the surrounding ecosystem. The poly(dithiocarbamate) resin containing the polluting elements can be disposed of, for example, by being deposited in an unsecured landfill.

Abstract: A side-stream portion of a Stretford Process solution is taken from the main-stream in order to reduce the amount of deleterious side-products in the solution and the ADA values and vanadium values are salvaged from the side-stream by taking up the ADA values on activated charcoal and the vanadium values in an anion exchange resin. The ADA and vanadium values are recovered for re-cycling back to the Stretford Process.

Abstract: A method is described for precious metal recovery from acidic precious metal-cyanide solutions by means of a weakly-basic anion-exchange material comprising a polymeric felt incorporating radiation-grafted pyridinyl functional groups.

Abstract: A process for the recovery of molybdenum and/or tungsten from a solution which comprises the steps of passing said solution through a packed column containing an adsorbent; adsorbing tungsten and/or molybdenum on said adsorbent; passing a solution depleted in tungsten and/or molybdenum from said column; passing a stripping solution through said column containing tungsten and/or molybdenum on said adsorbent to remove tungsten and/or molybdenum with said stripping solution; repeating the first four steps until the stripping solution contains at least about 1 gram per liter of tungsten and/or molybdenum; passing said solution containing at least about 1 gram of tungsten and/or molybdenum per liter into a recovery zone; adjusting the pH of said stripping solution containing at least about 1 gram per liter of tungsten and/or molybdenum to approximately 13.0 by addition of a strong acid and thereby raising the temperature of said solution at least about 10.degree. C.

Abstract: A method is described for metal recovery from basic ammoniated metal solutions by means of a weakly-acidic cation-exchange material comprising a polymeric felt incorporating radiation-grafted monomers comprising carboxylic acid functional groups.

Abstract: A process for removing dissolved chromium from a solution wherein said chromium is in the anion form which comprises contacting said solution with an adsorbent, comprising a hydrous oxide of iron at conditions whereby said chromium is adsorbed on said hydrous oxide, and wherein said hydrous oxide of iron is a granular, porous, high surface area, substantially non-crystalline, black material.

Abstract: Zeolite is contacted with an aqueous solution containing at least one of copper, nickel, cobalt, manganese and zinc salts, preferably copper and nickel salts, particularly preferably copper salt, in such a form as sulfate, nitrate, or chloride, thereby adsorbing the metal on the zeolite in its pores by ion exchange, then the zeolite is treated with a water-soluble ferrocyanide compound, for example, potassium ferrocyanide, thereby forming metal ferrocyanide on the zeolite in its pores. Then, the zeolite is subjected to ageing treatment, thereby producing a zeolite adsorbent impregnated with metal ferrocyanide in the pores of zeolite. The adsorbent can selectively recover cesium with a high percent cesium removal from a radioactive liquid waste containing at least radioactive cesium, for example, a radioactive liquid waste containing cesium and such coexisting ions as sodium, magnesium, calcium and carbonate ions at the same time at a high concentration.

Abstract: Novel compositions containing fluoride are provided for the removal of organic and heavy metal pollutants from waste waters and methods of utilizing same. The compositions comprise components selected from ion exchange absorbent gels, cements, water soluble fluoride containing salts and optionally alkali metal ortho phosphates. The procedures of the present invention yield not only clarified waters but provided a sludge which can be disposed of under environmentally acceptable conditions.

Abstract: Polymeric ammonium compounds are disclosed which have a silica-type backbone, comprised of units having the formula: ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 represent a group ##STR2## in which R.sup.5 is an alkylene grouping and the free valencies of the oxygen atoms are saturated by silicon atoms of further groups (2), if appropriate with incroporation of crosslinking agents, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 have the meaning of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 or represent hydrogen, an alkyl group, cycloalkyl group or the benzyl group, X represents a 1- to 3-valent anion of a protonic acid which forms stable salts with amine bases and x can be a number from 1 to 3. Also disclosed are processes for preparing the polymeric ammonium compounds and to the use of these materials as ion exchange materials.

Abstract: A cationic adsorption agent which is obtained by reaction of(a) an amino compound which contains at least one amino group and at least one free or methylolated carboxamide group, with(b) an aminoplast precondensate which does not contain amino groups.The novel adsorption agent is suitable in particular for removing anionic substances, such as acid dyes or reactive dyes, from aqueous solutions, especially from wastewaters.

Abstract: The removal of silver from photographic and other solutions using a non-carbon halogen impregnated adsorbent is described.

Abstract: The removal of silver from photographic and other solutions using halogen impregnated activated carbon is described.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a process for removing molybdenum from aqueous salt solutions by adsorbing it on manganese dioxide. To this end, the salt solution is contacted with a bed of manganese dioxide (MnO.sub.2) precipitated electrolytically and transformed into granular material.

Abstract: The instant invention relates to a process for removing tungsten, and/or molybdenum generally, as the tungstate and/or the molybdate anion, from aqueous solutions, e.g. brines by contacting such solutions with a high-surface area oxide selected from the group consisting of manganese and iron oxides, preferably manganese or iron hydrous oxide, whereby tungsten or molybdenum is adsorbed on said high-surface area oxide. The instant process provides selectivity for tungsten as well as molybdenum even though they are present in solutions containing various other materials such as sodium, potassium, calcium, etc. ions. This process is preferably applicable to removal of tungsten from high pH brines such as a brine having a pH of at least 9, for example greater than 10. The oxide adsorbent may be regenerated by contacting with an aqueous solution having a pH higher than the brine from which the tungsten and/or the molybdenum has been removed.

Abstract: In the removal of chromium and zinc, the combination of an anion exchange resin and cation exchange resin in a single vessel, the anion exchange resin being selective of chromium in its chromate and dichromate ionic forms, and the cation exchange resin being an intermediate acid cation exchange resin with a phosphonic acid functional group on a cross-linked polystyrene matrix, having the repeating structural formula: ##STR1## selective of zinc in its ionic form, said single vessel, having distributors selected from the group of inlet distributors, regenerant distributors, subsurface washers, collectors, disposed therein, and inlets and outlets for the addition or removal of effluent, water and regenerant.

Abstract: From a chlorate cell liquor containing an alkali metal chlorate, an alkali metal chloride and Cr(VI) ions, Cr(VI) ions are recovered by means of a combination of simple chemical procedures and re-used in an electrolysis step for manufacturing an alkali metal chlorate.

Abstract: A process is described involving gold in which gold cyanide ion (e.g., potassium gold cyanide) is removed from an aqueous solution (typically a water rinse solution) by absorption on an anion-exchange resin and the gold cyanide ion is then removed from the resin using an eluent solution comprising organic solvent, water and thiocyanate ion. This procedure is convenient and leads to virtually complete removal of gold from the resin. Because of the low volume of eluent solution required to remove the gold cyanide ion, the procedure can be used to efficiently produce crystalline potassium gold cyanide from highly dilute aqueous solutions.

Abstract: Contaminants such as surfactants, antifoam agents, viscosifying agents, corrosion inhibitors, other agents used in tertiary recovery of enhanced oil recovery operations, and the like are removed from a contaminated feedstock stream by contacting said feedstock stream with an adsorbent selected from montmorillonite clays, amorphous silica, and mixtures thereof with one another and/or with bauxite. In a further aspect, the thus purified feedstock stream is hydrodesulfurized.

Abstract: Chromate ions present in aqueous solutions, e.g. cooling tower blowdown water or liquors obtained from the electrolysis of aqueous sodium chloride solutions, are substantially completely removed by passing the solution through an intimate mixture of an anion exchange resin in the chloride form and a weak cation exchange resin in a conditioned hydrogen form.

Abstract: A method of removing ruthenium contamination from a radioactive liquid effluent, wherein:(a) the pH of said effluent is adjusted to a value of less than 5 and copper ions are added thereto,(b) the effluent thus treated is brought into contact with iron to form a copper precipitate which entrains the ruthenium, and(c) the liquid effluent is separated from the sludge formed.

Abstract: A cationic adsorption agent which is obtained by reaction of(a) an amino compound which contains at least one amino group and at least one free or methylolated carboxamide group, with(b) an aminoplast precondensate which does not contain amino groups.The novel adsorption agent is suitable in particular for removing anionic substances, such as acid dyes or reactive dyes, from aqueous solutions, especially from wastewaters.

Abstract: A method of quantitatively separating uranium from specimens of natural water, especially sea water or from solutions which as to their composition are comparable to such specimens, while silica gel is provided for adsorbing the uranium. The liquid of the specimens or solution is conveyed over granular silica gel having an average grain diameter not exceeding 0.5 mm. The through-flow speed is so selected that the contact time period for the liquid with the silica gel amounts to at least 50 seconds, whereupon the uranium adsorbed on the silica gel is separated therefrom by elutriation with at least 0.1 normal oxidizing mineral acid. The volume of the elutriate utilized, should amount to at least twice the volume of the silica gel, and this proportion of the elutriate should, if possible, not be exceeded.

Abstract: An isotope separation apparatus comprises a plurality of independent developing units, each comprising 2 to 20 adsorbent-packed columns forming a continuous developing circuit or passageway, and the developing units are connected to at least one common main pipe for supplying an isotope mixture solution, a regenerating agent solution, or an eluent solution. Also, in a further embodiment the developing units are connected to common liquid-discharge main pipes.The separation or concentration of isotopes such as uranium isotopes, nitrogen isotopes, boron isotopes, etc., is performed by continuously developing the isotope mixture solution passed through the individual adsorbent-packed columns successively in each developing units.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided for removing large volumes of contaminants or for recovering valuable minerals present in trace amounts or greater quantities by ion exchange treatment of phosphoric acid liquids or the like as they flow through a resin bed wherein ions in the liquid are sorbed into the resin by an ion exchange mechanism. The resin bed is folded, moving bed which exhibits all of the advantages of a packed ion exchange resin bed. Laminar flows are developed at times in the moving bed system, while the moving bed used is of a "folded" type having a maximum height approximately one-third that of conventional, unfolded countercurrent units. The ion exchange treatment occurs within a loading vessel resin bed, the beads in the feed portion of which become exhausted and sequentially move out of the loading vessel for subsequent regeneration and rinsing, followed by eventual return to the loading vessel.

Abstract: Spent aqueous liquor containing cyanide, as from ore treatment, is passed through a bed of suitable anion-exchange resin to segregate the cyanide, which is subsequently recovered in regeneration of the resin by weak alkaline solution. Both the eluted cyanide and the alkaline regenerant are recycled, if desired, for further ore treatment. A most important benefit of such procedure is nearly complete elimination of cyanide as a component of the treatment effluent. Free cyanide may be separated from complexed cyanides when present by using weak alkaline regenerant to elute the free cyanide from the resin and stronger alkaline regenerant to elute the complexed cyanides.

Abstract: A silicatic complexing agent for alkaline earth ions comprising an acid activated mineral of the montmorillonite-beidellite series, said mineral charged with an alkali metal.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for removal of free and complex cyanides from water-containing industrial effluents and wastes by treatment with insoluble solid iron sulfides at a pH in the range of about 7.0 to 8.5. The insoluble solid iron sulfides can be chemically prepared prior to treatment or prepared in situ, usually of a particle size smaller than about 5.mu., or supplied in the form of naturally occurring iron sulfides such as pyrrhotite or pyrite having a particle size smaller than about 300.mu., preferably smaller than about 150.mu.. The weight ratio of iron sulfide to total cyanide in the effluent is greater than 2:1, preferably greater than about 5:1 for prepared iron sulfides and greater than about 100:1 for mineral sulfides. The presence of a reducing agent such as ferrous ions or sodium sulfite to maintain a non-oxidizing environment during treatment enhances removal of cyanide.

Abstract: Removal of cyanide in wastewater treatment improved by initially contacting a rich cyanide bearing stream with activated sludge at a pH within the range of 3-6 upstream of the wastewater treating plant.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided for removing large volumes of contaminants or for recovering valuable minerals present in trace amounts or greater quantities by ion exchange treatment of phosphoric acid liquids or the like as they flow through a resin bed wherein ions in the liquid are sorbed into the resin by an ion exchange mechanism. The resin bed is folded, moving bed which exhibits all of the advantages of a packed ion exchange resin bed. Laminar flows are developed at times in the moving bed system, while the moving bed used is of a "folded" type having a maximum height approximately one-third that of conventional, unfolded countercurrent units. The ion exchange treatment occurs within a loading vessel resin bed, the beads in the feed portion of which become exhausted and sequentially move out of the loading vessel for subsequent regeneration and rinsing, followed by eventual return to the loading vessel.