Abstract: In general, a method for treating biosolids may include measuring one or more of pH, alkalinity, magnesium concentration, ortho-phosphorus concentration, total phosphorus content, ammonia content, total nitrogen content, total solids content, total volatile solids, polymer consumption, and metal salt consumption associated with a treatment process for wastewater solids. A metal salt dosage for amending the wastewater solids may be determined based upon, at least in part, an initial ortho-phosphorus concentration and a reduction capacity of the metal salt. A magnesium compound dosage may be determined for one or more of increasing, decreasing, and maintaining a pH of the wastewater solids. The magnesium compound dosage may be based upon, at least in part, a calculated anticipated change in pH of the wastewater solids resulting from an addition of the metal salts. The method may also include amending the treatment process with the determined metal salt dosage and the determined magnesium compound dosage.

Abstract: Disclosed here are the methods of using one or more multiple charged cationic compounds in a corrosion control composition to reduce corrosion of metal surfaces in a water system. The multiple charged cationic compounds are derived from polyamines through a ring-opening reaction with an epoxide or two reactions: an aza-Michael addition with an activated olefin having a cation group and a ring-opening reaction with an epoxide. The disclosed methods or compositions are found to be effective than those methods or compositions including commonly used corrosion inhibitors for water systems.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are the methods of using di-cationic or di-anionic compounds, which are derived from primary amine through an aza-Michael addition with an activated olefin, in a corrosion control composition to mitigate corrosion of a surface in a water system. The disclosed methods or compositions are found to be more effective than those methods or compositions including commonly used single quaternary compounds for mitigating corrosion for a metal surface in water systems.

Abstract: The present invention relates to water treatment. In one example, there is provided a method of treating an aqueous system to inhibit growth of one or more micro-organisms therein and/or to reduce the number of live micro-organisms therein. The method includes adding treatment agents to said aqueous system, wherein said treatment agents include: (a) a phosphonium compound; and (b) a stabilised halogen containing composition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to water treatment. In one embodiment there is provided a method of treating an aqueous system to inhibit growth of one or more micro-organisms therein and/or to reduce the number of live micro-organisms therein. The method comprises adding treatment agents to said aqueous system and wherein said treatment agents comprise: (a) a phosphonium compound; and (b) a halogen oxide compound.

Abstract: The present invention relates to improving the efficacy of man-made and/or natural organic-based animal manure fertilizers by administration of an organic solvent formula containing polyorganic acids and/or their salts. The formulation liberates nutrient(s) that are normally bound in the soil as insoluble salts and complexes. These delivery formulations also provide an environmentally sound and inherently safe solvating system that improves diffusion of polyorganic acids to the granule fertilizer. These delivery formulations enable safe storage, transport and subsequent application or blending with solid or liquid fertilizers. The combined formulation and fertilizer can be applied to soil to provide improved efficacy of fertilizer by liberating nutrients bound in the soil for uptake by plant life.

Abstract: The present invention provides, a method of controlling scale formation in a hydrocarbon producing system, comprising; (i) injecting nanoparticles into said system to function as nuclei for scale growth; (if) allowing scale growth to occur on said nanoparticles to produce nanoparticles comprising scale; and. (in) optionally recovering said nanoparticles comprising scale.

Abstract: The present invention relates to improving the efficacy of man-made and/or natural organic-based animal manure fertilizers by administration of an organic solvent formula containing polyorganic acids and/or their salts. The formulation liberates nutrient(s) that are normally bound in the soil as insoluble salts and complexes. These delivery formulations also provide an environmentally sound and inherently safe solvating system that improves diffusion of polyorganic acids to the granule fertilizer. These delivery formulations enable safe storage, transport and subsequent application or blending with solid or liquid fertilizers. The combined formulation and fertilizer can be applied to soil to provide improved efficacy of fertilizer by liberating nutrients bound in the soil for uptake by plant life.

Abstract: Compositions and methods and systems for treating wastewater within a wastewater treatment system of described. In an embodiment, a composition for treating wastewater within a wastewater treatment system and for preventing or reducing the occurrence of struvite scale formation within the wastewater treatment system may include an admixture including a magnesium compound. The admixture may also include a dispersing agent. The admixture may further include at least one of a free magnesium control agent and a seed material. Other compositions and methods are described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a water treatment composition comprising blended phosphates which exhibit a synergistic effect for corrosion and scale control and as a sequestering chemical treatment of potable water and more particularly to chemistry which lowers the phosphate concentration necessary to achieve effective corrosion prevention. The composition controls corrosion and cleans the water distribution line by removing scale, tuberculation, and biofilm. Sequestration of the heavy metals and soft metals such as iron, manganese, calcium, and magnesium provides complete solubility of the material to be removed from the metal surface. The inclusion of citric acid with the blended phosphate formula improves drinking water quality in 2 ways: 1) a reducing agent reverses the oxidation of metals which would convert metal to metal salts (copper/lead, etc.

Abstract: Compositions and methods and systems for treating wastewater within a wastewater treatment system of described. In an embodiment, a method for treating wastewater may include adding a magnesium compound to wastewater within a wastewater treatment system. The method may also include adding an effective amount of a dispersing agent and one or more of a free magnesium control agent and a seed material to wastewater within the wastewater treatment system to control the formation of struvite scale within the wastewater treatment system. Other compositions and methods are described.

Abstract: Boiler water is heated in a steam boiler while feed water, which has a hardness of 5 mg CaCO3/L or less and is used as the boiler water, is supplied to the steam boiler. A part of the boiler water is appropriately disposed of. A chemical aqueous solution containing an alkaline metal silicate, an alkaline metal hydroxide and at least one kind of scale preventive agents of ethylenediamine tetraacetate, and its alkaline metal salt, is supplied to the feed water so that a concentration of the scale preventive agent is at least 1.5 mol equivalent times relative to the hardness of the feed water. In the steam boiler, a condensation rate of the boiler water is set so that the concentration of the scale preventive agent in the boiler water is 40 mg EDTA/L or less.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a water treatment composition comprising blended phosphates which exhibit a synergistic effect for corrosion and scale control and as a sequestering chemical treatment of potable water and more particularly to chemistry which lowers the phosphate concentration necessary to achieve effective corrosion prevention. The composition controls corrosion and cleans the water distribution line by removing scale, tuberculation, and biofilm. Sequestration of the heavy metals and soft metals such as iron, manganese, calcium, and magnesium provides complete solubility of the material to be removed from the metal surface. The inclusion of citric acid with the blended phosphate formula improves drinking water quality in 2 ways: 1) a reducing agent reverses the oxidation of metals which would convert metal to metal salts (copper/lead, etc.

Abstract: A trimethylolpropane core, phosphonic acid terminated dendrimer and its preparation method are provided, And a preparation method thereof comprises steps of processing Michael addition reaction on trimethylolpropane triacrylate (CH3CH2C(CH2OCOCH2?CH2)3) and alkylidene diamine (NH2CH2(CH2)nNH2), wherein n is an integer from 1 to 5, so as to obtain trimethylolpropane core, amino group terminated dendrimer, and modifying the amino group by methylene phosphonic acid to obtain the trimethylolpropane core, phosphonic acid terminated dendrimer having a chemical formula of CH3CH2C[CH2OCOCH2CH2N(CH2PO3H2)CH2(CH2)nN(CH2PO3H2)2]3, wherein n is an integer from 1 to 5.

Abstract: Scale control agents comprising organic phosphonates, either alone or in mixtures with inorganic phosphonates and also optionally polymers, such as low molecular weight polymeric dispersants. The scale control agents may be applied to inhibit scale formation or deposition in highly acidic aqueous systems by adding these agents to such systems in amounts effective to inhibit metal sulfate scale formation.

Abstract: A method and chemical composition are provided which permit operation of evaporative cooling towers at increased cycles of concentration without formation of calcium scale. The method can include first determining the calcium hardness and total alkalinity of the makeup water, calculating the operating cycles of concentration using a formula developed for the specified chemical composition, then dosing the treated water to maintain a constant level of the chemical composition. The method permits scale-free operation of evaporative cooling towers at a minimum of two (2) cycles of concentration over existing technology.

Abstract: A blend of micro-crystals of magnesium ammonium phosphate and other seed materials with magnesium hydroxide slurries reduces struvite scale in wastewater collection systems leading into waste-water treatment plants. These “seeds” act as attractants to phosphates and ammonia to allow the seeds to grow and remain dispersed throughout the waste water system. This greatly minimizes, or prevents struvite scale from building up in unwanted areas such as pipes, pumps, and valves that could potentially cause water flow blockage.

Abstract: A method and composition are provided for the operation of an evaporative cooling tower with minimal, or no, blowdown. In some embodiments, the method involves using sodium cation-exchanged softened water as makeup water for the cooling tower, providing a bypass filter for suspended solids removal from the cooling water, treating the cooling water with a composition for control of corrosion and deposition, and using an effective biocide for control of biological growth within the cooling tower system. In some embodiments, a composition is provided that comprises AMPS acrylic terpolymer, sodium silicate, phosphate ions, and polyphosphate ions. When dosed at the recommended levels, the composition controls corrosion of cooling system materials to generally acceptable levels in spite of the extremely corrosive environment resulting from the cycling of sodium cation-exchanged softened water in the cooling tower.

Abstract: A sustainable method and system for treating and maintaining bodies of water at low cost for low density recreational use is disclosed. A system of the invention generally includes at least one containing means, at least one coordination means, at least one chemical application means, at least one non-intrusive mobile suction means, and at least one filtration means. The coordinating means can receive information regarding water quality parameters that are controlled, and can timely activate the processes necessary to adjust the water quality parameters within their respective limits. The disclosed methods and system filter only a small fraction of the total water volume, up to 200 times less per day than the flow filtered by conventional swimming pool filtration systems. The disclosed methods and system also use less chemicals, up to 100 times less than conventional swimming pool water treatment systems.

Abstract: Use of copolymers comprising alkylene oxide units, which copolymers comprise incorporated randomly or blockwise by polymerization (a) 50 to 93 mol % of acrylic acid and/or a water-soluble salt of acrylic acid, (b) 5 to 30 mol % of methacrylic acid and/or a water-soluble salt of methacrylic acid and (c) 2 to 20 mol % of at least one nonionic monomer of the formula I where the variables have the following meaning: R1 hydrogen or methyl; R2 a chemical bond or unbranched or branched C1-C6-alkylene; R3 identical or different unbranched or branched C2-C4-alkylene radicals; R4 unbranched or branched C1-C6-alkyl; n 3 to 50, as additive to phosphate- and/or phosphonate-comprising aqueous systems in industrial technical plants.

Abstract: A method for reducing the halogen off-gassing rate in a solid water treatment halogen-containing composition is provided comprising forming a solid water treatment halogen-containing composition comprising (a) a halogen containing source; (b) a boron-containing source and (c) a polyphosphate-containing source.

Abstract: A conditioning process and equipment are provided for removing hardness from water circulated in a system. A sidestream from such system is routed to a reaction chamber and back to the system. A conditioner is added to the sidestream water and in some embodiments is routed through a sidestream inlet from the top of the reaction chamber to its lower portion in a swirling motion. A buffer is added to the sidestream exiting the reaction chamber, and in some embodiments is added upstream of a pH sensor. In some embodiments a polymer is added. A fluid bed develops in the reaction chamber consisting of conditioner, buffer, precipitated solids and sidestream water. An upper outlet on the reaction chamber regulates the height of the fluid bed, and a drain provides for periodic discharge of the lower fluid bed. In some embodiments, a corrosion inhibitor blend is pre-mixed with the buffer.

Abstract: A method for inhibiting formation of hydrocarbon hydrates in mixtures of water and a hydrate-forming guest molecule has been discovered that involves adding a composition to the mixtures in an amount that is effective in inhibiting formation of the hydrocarbon hydrates under conditions otherwise effective to form the hydrocarbon hydrates in the absence of the reaction product. The composition includes at least one dendrimeric compound having a number average molecular weight of at least 1,000 atomic mass units (amu); and at least one small molecular weight species having less than 1,000 amu, selected from the group consisting of polyalkyleneimine, polyallylamine, starch, sugars, and polymers or copolymers of vinyl alcohol or allyl alcohol; and, optionally, at least one surfactant.

Abstract: A conditioning process and equipment are provided for removing hardness from water circulated in a system, such as an evaporative cooling system. A sidestream from such system is routed to a reaction chamber and back to the system. A conditioner is added to the sidestream water and in some embodiments is routed through a sidestream inlet from the top of the reaction chamber to its lower portion. A buffer is added to the sidestream exiting the reaction chamber, and in some embodiments is added upstream of a pH sensor. A fluid bed develops in the reaction chamber consisting of conditioner, buffer, precipitated solids and sidestream water. An upper outlet on the reaction chamber regulates the height of the fluid bed, and a drain provides for periodic discharge of the lower fluid bed. In another embodiment, a corrosion inhibitor blend is pre-mixed with the buffer.

Abstract: The current invention relates to the inhibition of scale deposits in an acidic slurry or solution. The current invention uses an aqueous synthetic mixture comprising a phosphate, phosphonate, anionic polymer, or combinations thereof in the slurry and/or solution to inhibit scale during the processing of ore. The production of scale in an acidic environment is difficult because of the acidic solution neutralizing most known inhibitors. The claimed invention has a significant decrease in the scale production allowing for reduced down time of systems for de-scaling procedures.

Abstract: The current invention relates to the inhibition of scale deposits in a slurry or solution under acidic conditions. The current invention uses an aqueous synthetic mixture comprising a phosphate, phosphonate, anionic polymer, or combinations thereof in the slurry and/or solution to inhibit scale deposition from acidic process streams. The control of scale under acidic conditions is difficult because the acidic environment renders most known inhibitors ineffective. The claimed invention causes a significant decrease in the scale generated allowing for reduced down time of systems for de-scaling procedures and thus increasing production.

Abstract: A method and composition are provided for the operation of an evaporative cooling tower with minimal, or no, blowdown. In some embodiments, the method involves using sodium cation-exchanged softened water as makeup water for the cooling tower, providing a bypass filter for suspended solids removal from the cooling water, treating the cooling water with a composition for control of corrosion and deposition, and using an effective biocide for control of biological growth within the cooling tower system. In some embodiments, a composition is provided that comprises AMPS acrylic terpolymer, sodium silicate, phosphate ions, and polyphosphate ions. When dosed at the recommended levels, the composition controls corrosion of cooling system materials to generally acceptable levels in spite of the extremely corrosive environment resulting from the cycling of sodium cation-exchanged softened water in the cooling tower.

Abstract: A method and composition are provided for the operation of an evaporative cooling tower with minimal, or no, blowdown. In some embodiments, the method involves using sodium cation-exchanged softened water as makeup water for the cooling tower, providing a bypass filter for suspended solids removal from the cooling water, treating the cooling water with a composition for control of corrosion and deposition, and using an effective biocide for control of biological growth within the cooling tower system. In some embodiments, a composition is provided that comprises AMPS acrylic terpolymer, sodium silicate, phosphate ions, and polyphosphate ions. When dosed at the recommended levels, the composition controls corrosion of cooling system materials to generally acceptable levels in spite of the extremely corrosive environment resulting from the cycling of sodium cation-exchanged softened water in the cooling tower.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a procedure for elimination of boron from sea-water by reverse osmosis membranes characterised in that it comprises: adding to sea-water a composition consisting of at least one metal together with at least one antiscaling-dispersant agent, and a second phase in which an alkalinising agent is added until a pH of between 8-9.5 is achieved, which can furthermore consist of a third phase in which the fluoride content of the sea-water is increased following the second phase, or a third phase in which a high molecular weight alcohol is added to the water.

Abstract: A conditioning process and equipment are provided for removing hardness from water circulated in a system, such as an evaporative cooling system. A sidestream from such system is routed to a reaction chamber and back to the system. A conditioner is added to the sidestream before entering the reaction chamber and a buffer is added to the sidestream exiting the reaction chamber. Since some of the buffered sidestream is re-circulated, a fluid bed develops in the reaction chamber consisting of conditioner, buffer, precipitated solids and sidestream water. Continued sidestream water entry mixes with the fluid bed causing additional precipitation of solids. An upper outlet on the reaction chamber regulates the height of the fluid bed, and a drain provides for periodic discharge of the lower fluid bed. In another embodiment, a corrosion inhibitor blend is pre-mixed with the buffer, resulting in a softer, more readily drainable fluid bed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method that reduces limestone scale deposit on surfaces and in heating elements, especially, for drinking water in foodservice vending and dispensing machines without affecting the water quality. The method includes passing the water through metal particulate and polyphosphates to remove minerals therefrom and thus reduce scale deposits upon water contacted portions of such machines.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for improving the performance of filtration devices by adding P- and/or N-containing compounds to the medium to be filtered.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus employing membrane filtration in biodegradation processes for treatment of wastewater are described. A bioreactor system is described having an equalization system, a membrane bioreactor system, and a controller. Aeration systems for a membrane bioreactor, such as a mixer, and an ultrafilter subsystem are also described, as is a rotary membrane ultrafilter.

Abstract: The present invention relates a method for cleaning polymeric microfiltration membranes and membrane units, and to compositions useful in such methods. The compositions include at least one soluble sulfite reducing agent and a compatible solvent.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of inhibiting the growth of barium sulfate scaling by using a synergistic blend of (a) a polyphosphate with degree of polymerization between 6 and 21, and (b) a polyphosphate with degree of polymerization of 2-3 in a weight ratio of 3:1 to 1:2. The blend further includes a phosphino-acrylic polymer.

Abstract: A method of producing a polyphosphate, orthophosphate, phosphonate or the like chemical treatment cake is disclosed. Conventional commercially available treatment material is obtained in powder form and mixed with water to initiate an exothermic reaction. The material is then poured into a mold and placed inside an insulated hermetic cabinet and allowed to quiescently cool in the passive environment of the cabinet. The cake is harder, more uniform and relatively free of inclusions compared to cakes formed by other methods.

Abstract: More specifically, the present invention features an improved feeder tube for a water treatment cartridge that provides treatment by a solid compound for a slipstream of untreated water flowing through the cartridge. The feeder tube includes a first end and a second end, such that the slipstream of water generally flows into the feeder tube at the second end and out of the feeder tube at the first end. A bottom plug assembly is in operational relationship with the second end and includes a porous plug being sized and configured to provide filtration and purification for the slipstream portion of the water.

Abstract: This invention relates to corrosion inhibiting compositions for aqueous systems comprising (a) polyaspartic acid or salts therefore, and (b) a water soluble phosphonated oligomer. The compositions are effective corrosion inhibitors, but are also advantageous from an environmental standpoint because they are non-toxic, contain no heavy metals, and have little or no phosphorus. They also have significant calcium/hardness tolerance, are chlorine/bromine stable, and are effective corrosion inhibitors.

Abstract: Effective corrosion inhibitors having minimal organic content, particularly suitable for use in municipal drinking water systems, are described. The corrosion inhibiting additive is a stannous salt of a non-carbon acid.

Abstract: A process for utilizing the material of ammonium-containing effluent which contains further soluble constituents and, possible additional solids, comprising: a) optionally separating off the solids, b) concentrating the substantially solids-free ammonium-containing effluent to give an aqueous concentrate having an increased content of ammonium and additional soluble constituents, with simultaneous recovery of substantially ammonium-free pure water, c) precipitating ammonium as magnesium ammonium phosphate from the ammonium-containing aqueous concentrate, and d) separating off precipitated magnesium ammonium phosphate with recovery of substantially ammonium-free residual concentrate which at least partially contains the additional soluble constituents.

Abstract: Methods and acidizing compositions for reducing the corrosion of the metal surfaces of tubular goods and the like and reducing the precipitation of metal sulfide from the acidizing compositions are provided. The methods basically comprise the steps of combining an aldol-amine adduct with an aqueous acid solution to preferentially react with sulfide ions subsequently dissolved by the aqueous acid solution and thereby prevent subsequently dissolved metal ions from reacting therewith and precipitating, and then introducing the aqueous acid solution containing the aldol-amine adduct into a well or other location to be acidized.

Abstract: A process for utilizing the material of ammonium-containing effluent which contains further soluble constituents and, possible additional solids, comprising:

Abstract: An apparatus for treatment of water comprising a first compartment containing a filtration unit for receiving untreated water, a second compartment containing polyphosphates, a housing containing the first compartment and the second compartment, and a polyphosphate dosing unit comprising a partition between said first compartment and said second compartment, an inlet tube, affixed to the partition, allowing a small portion of water filtered in the first compartment to flow into the second compartment containing polyphosphates, an outlet tube, affixed to the partition, from which the flow of polyphosphate-containing water is drawn out of the second compartment by the Venturi effect, wherein the filtration unit in the first compartment produces filtered water, the major portion of which, other than said small portion of water flowing into said second compartment, being discharged without contacting polyphosphates, such that the amount of polyphosphate distributed in the water is substantially proportional to th

Abstract: A system (10) and method for hydrothermal treatment of a feed material (11) includes a reaction chamber (14) in a reactor (12). Importantly, an additive (16) is added with the feed material (11) to the reaction chamber (14). The additive (16) causes a reaction medium (18) in the reaction chamber (14) to include phosphate compounds. The phosphate compounds allow precipitating salts to be transported through the reactor (12) without plugging and inhibiting the build-up of precipitating salts in the reaction chamber (14).

Abstract: A process for treating thickened phosphatic clay suspensions, waste clay and phosphogypsum produced in the processing of phosphate ore by water beneficiation and chemical processing, the thickened phosphatic clay suspension having a solid content of from about 4 to about 40 percent by weight, includes mixing a sufficient amount of deflocculating agent with a thickened phosphatic clay suspension to cause deflocculation of the suspension to an extent sufficient to reduce the viscosity thereof to a value enabling the deflocculated suspension to be readily pumped from one location to another, the deflocculating agent comprising an alkali compound of a phosphorus oxide. The deflocculated suspension of reduced viscosity is pumped from one location to another and separated into a clay suspension and a phosphatic mineral and sand suspension.

Abstract: This invention relates to a scale inhibiting composition for aqueous systems comprising (a) polyaspartic acid, and (b) a water soluble phosphonated oligomer. The compositions are effective scale and/or corrosion inhibitors, but are also advantageous from an environmental standpoint because they are non-toxic, contain no heavy metals, and have little or no phosphorus. They also have sufficient calcium/hardness tolerance, are chlorine/bromine stable, and are effective corrosion inhibitors.

Abstract: Effective corrosion inhibitors having minimal organic content, particularly suitable for use in municipal drinking water systems, are described. The preferred corrosion inhibiting additive is an aqueous solution of a stannous halide, preferably stannous chloride.

Abstract: An agent for preventing scale formation and a method for preventing scale formation include a polymer which has at least 50% of N-vinyl formamide units or N-vinyl acetamide units and a phosphorus compound added to water in a cooling water system, a boiler water system, or the like. The scale preventing agent and scale preventing method of the present invention are effective in preventing the adherence of various types of scales which are generated in cooling water systems, boiler water systems, and the like. In particular, the present invention is effective in preventing the adherence of silica and calcium scale.

Abstract: A feeder insert apparatus for a tubular water filtration cartridge utilized in household point of use water filtration systems. The feeder insert allows a chemical to be fed into a incoming water supply at a controlled rate by employing a bypass system that allows a predetermined amount of incoming water to flow past the feed chemical without contacting the chemical. The amount of water in the bypass flow can also be manually adjusted through the use of two adjustment mechanisms, an adjustable ring and a rotatable end cap, located on the feeder insert.

Abstract: Presented herein is an improved method to collect and recover microorganisms from environmental samples. The method of this invention comprises the steps of (a) obtaining a sample for testing and, optionally, suspending the sample in a suitable liquid, (b) amending the sample with sodium hexametaphosphate and, optionally, centrifuging the sample to remove solid sediments, insoluble salts, inert materials, and the like, (c) centrifuging the sample through a separation column amended with sodium hexametaphosphate, and (d) recovering the microorganism-containing material remaining above the column for analysis.