Abstract: Rheology modifying agents and methods of modifying the rheology of a slurry are disclosed, in addition to methods for the prevention of fouling. The slurry can be a lime slurry or a magnesium oxide slurry. The rheology modifying agent can be a low molecular weight anionic polymer, a high molecular weight polymer, a mixture of a low molecular weight anionic polymer and a high molecular weight polymer, a mixture of a high molecular weight polymer and a chelating agent, and a mixture of a chelating agent, a high molecular weight polymer, and a low molecular weight anionic polymer.

Abstract: A process for obtaining random copolymers from itaconic acid and/or isomers and sodium alkenyl sulfonates is by polymerization in an aqueous solution via free radicals at an acidic pH in the range from 1.0 to 3.5 and with a redox system as initiator. The copolymers can be used as calcium carbonate and calcium, strontium and barium sulfates mineral scale inhibitors and as dispersants of clays, iron oxides, calcium carbonate and strontium, barium and calcium sulfates. Random copolymers prevent and control damage in an oil reservoir, obstruction of water injection and crude oil production pipelines, and in production rigs due to mineral scale precipitation caused by high levels of salinity of the injection water and formation water. Random copolymers are tolerant to high concentrations of divalent ions, such as calcium, magnesium, strontium and barium, and can be added to the reservoir and to injection or production pipelines, treated water, sea water and water that is used as means of transportation.

Abstract: Methods for dispersing foulants are disclosed herein. Various effective dispersant compositions are also disclosed. The dispersant composition can include a silt dispersant and a hydrocarbon dispersant. Generally, the silt dispersant can be a homopolymer or a copolymer of one or more monomers, and the monomers can be one or more of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, ?-halo acrylic acid, maleic acid, itaconic acid, vinyl acetic acid, allyl acetic acid, fumaric acid, ?-carboxylic acrylate, and their salts. The silt dispersant can also be a terpolymer of acrylic acid, acrylamide, and sulfonated acrylamide. The hydrocarbon dispersant can be a non-ionic surfactant or a nonylphenol or a nonylphenol ethoxylate, such as a high EO 9 Nonyl phenol resin. Also disclosed are methods for preventing or reducing fouling in equipment that contacts water used during a hydrocarbon production process.

Abstract: A surface active compound is supplied into contact with an oilfield production fluid that comprises a mixture of water and oil including water soluble organics. The surface active compound comprises at least one alkoxylate chain and at least one end group attached to each of the at least one alkoxylate chain. The surface active compound is supplied into the oilfield production fluid at a dosage rate that is effective to self-associate at interfaces between the water and oil and inhibit the water soluble organics in the oil from entering the water when the oilfield production fluid is depressurized.

Abstract: The scale inhibitors in a variety of aqueous systems, or a part or sample thereof, also including one or more dissolved interfering ions, are separated therefrom and analyzed, such scale inhibitors comprising a polymer containing at least one anionic functional group, e.g., a strong acid functional group or a phosphonate or phosphate ester, and such analysis including treating these aqueous systems with a cationic substrate or a free cation.

Abstract: A mercury remediation method and apparatus for reducing mercury levels in water to a nanogram per liter level that uses four treatment steps: (1) chelation; (2) oxidation; (3) reduction; and (4) air stripping, vapor/liquid separation. There is a fifth step in the process, which does not involve the wastewater. It is to scrub the stripper air of the volatile mercury in an off-gas adsorption unit or to condense volatile mercury in a cryogenic mercury trap.

Abstract: Elimination and/or mitigation of fouling in a vapor transport systems, such as vent lines and scrubber feed lines may be accomplished using an antifouling additive. The method for employing the antifouling additive includes introducing into the vapor transport system an additive including a polar solvent and corrosion inhibitor wherein: the vapor transport system is substantially water free; the vapor transport system is used to transport acidic materials; the additive is a liquid at vapor transport system operating conditions; and the additive is stable at the vapor transport system operating conditions.

Abstract: Water soluble or water dispersible terpolymers are employed in high pressure steam generating systems to control deposit formation and contaminant transport in the aqueous medium in such systems. The terpolymer may comprise repeat units formed from acrylic acid, allylalkoxylated ethers, and allylhydroxylated alkyl ether.

Abstract: A method for treating in an industrial water treatment system for at least two of metal corrosion inhibition, scale inhibition, suspended matter dispersion, biocide efficacy, or biofilm removal/biofilm dispersion is taught by the use of at least one compound which is a salt derived from a thioamine or an oxyamine and an acid.

Abstract: The invention provides methods and compositions for inhibiting the accumulation of DSP scale in the liquor circuit of Bayer process equipment. The method includes adding one or more GPS-surfactant based small molecules to the liquor fluid circuit. These scale inhibitors reduce DSP scale formation and thereby increase fluid throughput, increase the amount of time Bayer process equipment can be operational and reduce the need for expensive and dangerous acid washes of Bayer process equipment. As a result, the invention provides a significant reduction in the total cost of operating a Bayer process.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for remediation of oil spills in a oil spill impacted water environment are described. The methods may further include degrading spilled oil by oxidation or bioremediation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to processes for reducing or eliminating the amount of hydrazine from a hydroxylamine-free base containing hydrazine by treating said hydroxylamine-free base with a scavenger agent, and to the hydroxylamine-free base thereby obtained, as well as to its use for producing microdispersions containing a hydroxamated polymer for use as a flocculant in the Bayer process.

Abstract: An oil spill treatment composition including one or more surfactants formulated to reduce the thickness of oil floating the surface of a body of water, a method for use, and method of manufacturing thereof are disclosed herein. Also disclosed herein are oil spill treatment compositions comprising one or more chemical dispersants and one or more crude or refined oils having the same or similar composition as the oil spill to be treated. Methods for use thereof and methods of manufacture thereof are also disclosed.

Abstract: Methods, and related products and compositions, of increasing the stability of a Bayer process liquor are described. A method of increasing the stability of a Bayer process liquor includes contacting the Bayer process liquor with a ppm quantity of a low molecular weight dextran. Also described are methods, and related products and compositions, for controlling the precipitation of aluminium-containing compounds from a Bayer process liquor.

Abstract: Water soluble or water dispersible terpolymers are employed in high pressure steam generating systems to control deposit formation and contaminant transport in the aqueous medium in such systems. The terpolymer may comprise repeat units formed from acrylic acid, allylalkoxylated ethers, and allylhydroxylated alkyl ether.

Abstract: A medical waste pretreatment and/or conditioner composition comprising a lipid agglomeration inhibitor and a surfactant having an HLB value ranging from about 1 to less than about 5, wherein a weight ratio of agglomeration inhibitor to surfactant on 100 wt. % active ingredient basis ranges from about 0.015:1 to about 3:1.

Abstract: A composition with one or more tetrahydrobenzotriazoles and one or more one or more tetrahydrobenzotriazole activating solvents, wherein the tetrahydrobenzotriazoles are solubilized in the activating solvents in an amount effective to inhibit corrosion of a metal or metal alloy which is corrodible in the presence of copper or copper corroding agents. Also, a method of using this composition to inhibit corrosion of a metal component which has a metal or metal alloy which is corrodible in the presence of copper or copper corroding agents.

Abstract: A composition with one or more tetrahydrobenzotriazoles and one or more one or more tetrahydrobenzotriazole activating solvents, wherein the tetrahydrobenzotriazoles are solubilized in the activating solvents in an amount effective to inhibit corrosion of a metal or metal alloy which is corrodible in the presence of copper or copper corroding agents. Also, a method of using this composition to inhibit corrosion of a metal component which has a metal or metal alloy which is corrodible in the presence of copper or copper corroding agents.

Abstract: A composition with a corrosion inhibitor component having one or more tetrahydrobenzotriazoles and one or more other triazoles; wherein the tetrahydrobenzotriazoles are in a weight ratio to the other triazoles such that the composition decreases the General Corrosion rate, as measured by copper electrodes in the presence of 10 ppm sodium hypochlorite, by at least about 0.05 mpy relative to a corrosion inhibitor component which is 100% of the other triazoles. Also, a method of using this composition to inhibit corrosion of a metal component which has a metal or metal alloy which is corrodible in the presence of copper or copper corroding agents.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method for the conditioning of septic waste water to prevent the formation of hydrogen sulphide and prevent subsequent precipitation of FeS, also provided is an agent for use in said method. The agent comprises an aqueous solution of iron salts and an anionic polymer.

Abstract: Diallcoxysilane and monoalkoxysilane functionalized polymers were applied as scale control agents in Bayer process. The polymer inhibitors reduced the quantity of aluminum silicate scale formed in spent liquor while significantly changed the morphology of the scale. Also a method is provided for reducing aluminum silicate scale of Bayer process by adding the dialkoxysilane and monoalkoxysilane functionalized polymer into the Bayer liquor stream.

Abstract: A method and chemical composition are provided which permit operation of evaporative cooling towers at increased cycles of concentration without formation of calcium scale. The method can include first determining the calcium hardness and total alkalinity of the makeup water, calculating the operating cycles of concentration using a formula developed for the specified chemical composition, then dosing the treated water to maintain a constant level of the chemical composition. The method permits scale-free operation of evaporative cooling towers at a minimum of two (2) cycles of concentration over existing technology.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing maleic acid-isoprenol copolymers from a) 30% to 80% by weight of maleic acid, b) 5% to 60% by weight of isoprenol, c) 0% to 30% by weight of one or more further ethylenically unsaturated monomers, which comprises polymerizing maleic acid, isoprenol and optionally the further ethylenically unsaturated monomer in the presence of a redox initiator and of a chain transfer agent at a temperature in the range from 10 to 80° C.

Abstract: Elimination and/or mitigation of fouling in a vapor transport systems, such as vent lines and scrubber feed lines may be accomplished using an antifouling additive. The method for employing the antifouling additive includes introducing into the vapor transport system an additive including a polar solvent and corrosion inhibitor wherein: the vapor transport system is substantially water free; the vapor transport system is used to transport acidic materials; the additive is a liquid at vapor transport system operating conditions; and the additive is stable at the vapor transport system operating conditions.

Abstract: An environmentally-friendly cleaning composition for oil cleaning comprising (a) a blend of dibasic esters, (b) one or more surfactants (c) and, optionally, (d) water or a solvent. The dibasic esters are be derived from a blend of adipic, glutaric, and succinic diacids, and, in one particular embodiment, the blend comprises dialkyl adipate, dialkyl methylglutarate and dialkyl ethylsuccinate, wherein the alkyl groups individually comprise a C1-C12 hydrocarbon group. The one or more surfactants are typically chosen from alcohol alkoxylate, an alkyl phenol ethoxylate, a terpene, a terpene alkoxylate or any derivates thereof. Optionally, additional components or additives including delaminates such as pinene and d-limonene, fragrances, whiteners, stabilizers, thickeners and the like can be added to the composition.

Abstract: A composition is provided for lowering a pH of a drilling fluid. The composition includes HCl, urea, complex substituted keto-amine-hydrochloride, an alcohol, an ethoxylate, and a ketone. A method of using the composition includes adding the composition to a drilling fluid for a well to assist in lowering a pH thereof. Methods are also provided for performing hydraulic fracturing of an oil or a gas well, for adjusting a pH of a drilling fluid, for adjusting and maintaining a pH of a process fluid, for solubilizing calcium carbonate in an aqueous suspension or dispersion of calcium carbonate, for removing a foulant in a fluid-handling element, and for adjusting a pH and lowering a salt level of turf.

Abstract: A polymer mixture in solid or aqueous form includes a content of from 5 to 95% by weight of a first polymer and a content of from 5 to 95% by weight of a second polymer. The first polymer is a water-soluble or water-dispersible polymer having a weight-average molecular weight of 1000 to 20 000 g/mol. The second polymer is a water-soluble or water-dispersible polymer having a weight-average molecular weight of 1000 to 50 000 g/mol. The polymer mixture can inhibit precipitation and sedimentation of calcium salts and magnesium salts in water-bearing systems.

Abstract: Disclosed are combinations of one or more cationic starch(es) and aluminum salts to produce a composition for detackifying paint at lower doses than those required using conventional treatments while providing improved handling and a more “green” environmental profile. The compositions may be utilized in methods of detackifying and dispersing solvent borne paints and/or coagulating/flocculating and dispersing waterborne paints during the treatment of paint spray booth water.

Abstract: Methods for inhibiting, preventing, and disrupting flocculations in wastewater treatment streams.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions, in particular blocks, tablets and gels, for the prevention or removal of insoluble salt deposits comprising: a) an organic acid with two carboxylic acid functional groups obtainable by fermentation, selected from the list of itaconic acid, itaconic acid anhydride, succinic acid, succinic anhydride and combinations thereof, and b) at least one compound determining the release of said acid from said composition, said compound is selected from a list comprising: i) a hygroscopic compound, ii) a carbonate source, iii) an acid solubility retarding compound, iv) a compound with melting point situated between 60° C.-95° C., and combinations thereof. The invention further provides uses of the compositions for the prevention or removal of insoluble salt deposits. The invention also provides a method of manufacturing such compositions and a method for the prevention or removal of insoluble salt deposits with a product of the invention.

Abstract: Dialkoxysilane and Monoalkoxysilane functionalized polymers were applied as scale control agents in Bayer process. The polymer inhibitors reduced the quantity of aluminum silicate scale formed in spent liquor while significantly changed the morphology of the scale. Also a method is provided for reducing aluminum silicate scale of Bayer process by adding the dialkoxysilane and monoalkoxysilane functionalized polymer into the Bayer liquor stream.

Abstract: A composition with one or more tetrahydrobenzotriazoles and one or more one or more tetrahydrobenzotriazole activating solvents, wherein the tetrahydrobenzotriazoles are solubilized in the activating solvents in an amount effective to inhibit corrosion of a metal or metal alloy which is corrodible in the presence of copper or copper corroding agents. Also a method of using this composition to inhibit corrosion of a metal component which has a metal or metal alloy which is corrodible in the presence of copper or copper corroding agents.

Abstract: A composition with a corrosion inhibitor component having one or more tetrahydrobenzotriazoles and one or more other triazoles; wherein the tetrahydrobenzotriazoles are in a weight ratio to the other triazoles such that the composition decreases the General Corrosion rate, as measured by copper electrodes in the presence of 10 ppm sodium hypochlorite, by at least about 0.05 mpy relative to a corrosion inhibitor component which is 100% of the other triazoles. Also, a method of using this composition to inhibit corrosion of a metal component which has a metal or metal alloy which is corrodible in the presence of copper or copper corroding agents.

Abstract: Extracorporeal systems and methods for treating blood-borne diseases in a subject or for developing drugs to treat blood-borne diseases include various environmental and treatment modules that can be tailored to a specific disease or infection. In certain embodiments of the systems and methods, a blood sample is treated with hydrostatic pressure, a pulsed electrical field, a pharmaceutical agent, microwave, centrifugation, sonification, radiation, or a combination thereof, under environmental conditions that are effective for the treatment.

Abstract: Materials and methods are provided whereby polymers with least 0.5 mole % of the pendant group or end group containing —Si(OR?)3 are used to control aluminosilicate scaling in an industrial process having an alkaline process stream such as a pulping mill process stream or a high level nuclear waste processing plant. When materials of the present invention are added to the alkaline process stream, they reduce and even completely prevent formation of aluminosilicate scale on equipment surfaces such as evaporator walls and heating surfaces. The present materials are effective at treatment concentrations that make them economically practical.

Abstract: A method for degrading chlorinated-organic pollutant comprises the steps of providing a chlorinated-organic pollutant contaminated medium having at least one chlorinated-organic pollutant of high concentration; adding a biodegradable surfactant into the chlorinated-organic pollutant contaminated medium to enable the chlorinated-organic pollutant of high concentration to reduce surface tension and increase solubility, and makes the chlorinated-organic pollutant of high concentration dissolve in water easily; adding a persulfate (S2O82?) into the chlorinated-organic pollutant contaminated medium; and adding a slag powder into the chlorinated-organic pollutant contaminated medium to produce a plurality of transition metal ions, and the transition metal ions catalyze the persulfate to generate sulfate radical (SO4?. ) to oxidize the chlorinated-organic pollutant of high concentration of the chlorinated-organic pollutant contaminated medium.

Abstract: Materials and a method are provided whereby polymers with least 0.5 mole % of the pendant group or end group containing —Si(OR?)3 (where R? is H, an alkyl group, Na, K, or NH4) are used to control aluminosilicate scaling in an industrial process having an alkaline process stream such as a pulping mill process stream. When materials of the present invention are added to the alkaline process stream, they reduce and even completely prevent formation of aluminosilicate scale on equipment surfaces such as evaporator walls and heating surfaces. The present materials are effective at treatment concentrations that make them economically practical.

Abstract: An agent for increasing the rejection with a permeable membrane which comprises an ionic macromolecule having a weight-average molecular weight of 100,000 or greater; a process for increasing the rejection with a permeable membrane which comprises treating a permeable membrane with the agent; a permeable membrane which is treated in accordance with the process; and a process for water treatment which comprises using the permeable membrane are disclosed. By using the above agent, an increased rejection of inorganic electrolytes and organic compounds soluble in water can be maintained for a long time easily and safely at the location of the use of the membrane without extreme decrease in the flux of permeation in the membrane separation using a selective permeable membrane such as a nano filtration membrane and a reverse osmosis membrane.

Abstract: Materials and methods are provided whereby polymers with least 0.5 mole % of the pendant group or end group containing —Si(OR?)3 are used to control aluminosilicate scaling in an industrial process having an alkaline process stream such as a pulping mill process stream or a high level nuclear waste processing plant. When materials of the present invention are added to the alkaline process stream, they reduce and even completely prevent formation of aluminosilicate scale on equipment surfaces such as evaporator walls and heating surfaces. The present materials are effective at treatment concentrations that make them economically practical.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the treatment of a fibre material comprising the step of contacting the fibre material in an aqueous medium with a chelating agent and a polymer having following general formula wherein R1 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group containing 1 to 12 carbon atoms, R2 is —COOM or —CH2COOM, M is a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal ion, an alkaline earth metal ion, an ammonium ion or a mixture thereof, n, m and k are molar ratios of corresponding monomers, wherein n is 0 to 0.95, m is 0.05 to 0.9, and k is 0 to 0.8, and (n+m+k) equals 1, and the weight average molecular weight is between 500 and 20,000,000 g/mol. The invention also relates to a composition comprising a chelating agent and the above polymer.

Abstract: Aqueous treatment composition for use as anti-scalant and dispersant. The composition includes a polymer containing low amounts of sulfonate that prove as effective in carbonate and phosphate inhibition as polymers containing much higher amounts of sulfonate.

Abstract: Use of copolymers comprising alkylene oxide units, which copolymers comprise incorporated randomly or blockwise by polymerization (a) 50 to 93 mol % of acrylic acid and/or a water-soluble salt of acrylic acid, (b) 5 to 30 mol % of methacrylic acid and/or a water-soluble salt of methacrylic acid and (c) 2 to 20 mol % of at least one nonionic monomer of the formula I where the variables have the following meaning: R1 hydrogen or methyl; R2 a chemical bond or unbranched or branched C1-C6-alkylene; R3 identical or different unbranched or branched C2-C4-alkylene radicals; R4 unbranched or branched C1-C6-alkyl; n 3 to 50, as additive to phosphate- and/or phosphonate-comprising aqueous systems in industrial technical plants.

Abstract: A method of providing corrosion inhibition to copper, nickel, aluminum, zinc, tin, lead, beryllium, carbon steel, various alloys of such metals, and galvanized coatings in evaporative cooling water applications approaching zero liquid discharge that are specifically attacked by cooling water with residuals of corrosive chemistry or ions such as ammonia/ammonium ion, chloride, high TDS, OH?, or high pH. The method includes applying azoles inhibitors (such as TTA, BTA, etc.) at residuals of 0.25 mg/L to 200 mg/L or greater (as azoles) to the cooling water application and operating with a combination of high TDS (greater than 2500 mg/L) and high pH (greater than 9.0), while maintaining low total hardness (less than 200 mg/L as CaCO3).

Abstract: A method of inhibiting the deposition of silica and silicate compounds on surfaces in water systems by treating the water with an effective amount of an alkoxylated amines or imidized polymer from alkoxylated amines either alone or in combination with acrylic acid or maleic acid homo- or co-polymers and phosphonates.

Abstract: A method of inhibiting the deposition of silica and/or silicate compounds on a surface in an aqueous system is provided. The method comprises the step of adding a polymer to the aqueous system. The polymer comprises at least one constitutional unit (i) and at least one additional constitutional unit (ii). The constitutional unit (i) is represented by the formula: wherein R is an alkyl group having at least 2 carbon atoms; R1 is selected from the group of a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, an ester, an amide, and an imide; k is 2 to 4; and n is at least about 10. The additional constitutional unit (ii) contains at least one group selected from the group of carbonyl groups, sulfonate groups, and phosphate groups.

Abstract: A method inhibits the deposition of silica and/or silicate compounds on a surface in an aqueous system. The method includes the step of adding a polymer to the aqueous system. The polymer comprises the reaction product of a natural oil component and an alkylene oxide. The polymer of the subject invention has a core, comprising a fatty acid or an ester thereof, and a plurality of polymeric side chains bonded to the core. The plurality of polymeric side chains comprise alkyleneoxy groups selected from the group of ethyleneoxy groups, propyleneoxy groups, butyleneoxy groups, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: The invention pertains to removing soluble alkali metal or ammonium salt of a divalent anion from brine comprising following steps: obtaining brine with NaCl-concentration between 150g/L and saturation in the presence or absense of a cyrstal growth inhibitor for NaCl(GCI-NaCl),or with NaCl concentration above saturation in the presence of a CGI-NaCl, said brine optionally comprising a crystal growth inhibitor for the alkali metal or ammonium salt of the divalent anion(CGI-DA); if necessary, acidify the solution to pH<11.5; if the concentration of CGI-DA is less than 20 mg/L, adding CGI-DA to obtain at least 20 mg CGI-DA/L; subjecting the solution to a membrane filtration; if the concentration of CGI-DA in the concentration from the separation is less than 20 mg/L, adding CGI-DA to obtain at least 20 mg CGI-DA/L; crystalling the concentration; removing the crystallized alkali metal or ammonium salt of the divalent anion.

Abstract: This invention relates to metal oxides dispersant compositions comprising (a) certain a metal oxides dispersant, and (b) an oxime. The invention also relates to a process for dispersing metal oxides in an aqueous system that involves adding the dispersant composition to the aqueous system.

Abstract: A method of reducing or preventing the amount of iron sludge or precipitate that forms as a result of the recovery of silver from chemical solutions, such as a standard photographic solution. The method generally involves the introduction of a source of a conjugate organic base, such as a weak organic acid like citric acid or a salt of the conjugate organic base like a citrate salt, to the chemical fluid either before or during the silver recovery process. Preferably the source of conjugate organic base is introduced by combining it with a binder to form a time release cake or placing it in a container that has a semipermeable membrane that maintains the concentration of the conjugate organic base in the chemical fluid from about 0.2 to about 78 milimolar over a period of time.

Abstract: Materials and methods are provided whereby polymers with least 0.5 mole % of the pendant group or end group containing —Si(OR?)3 are used to control aluminosilicate scaling in an industrial process having an alkaline process stream such as a pulping mill process stream or a high level nuclear waste processing plant. When materials of the present invention are added to the alkaline process stream, they reduce and even completely prevent formation of aluminosilicate scale on equipment surfaces such as evaporator walls and heating surfaces. The present materials are effective at treatment concentrations that make them economically practical.