Abstract: An aqueous scale inhibitor product is corrosive to the elongated feed lines of a geothermal well due to the length of such feed lines, extended residence time of the product therein, and/or the elevated internal temperatures reached therein, and such corrosivity of aqueous scale inhibitor products is reduced when the scale inhibitor actives are no more than about 10 weight percent of the aqueous solution, when the pH of such aqueous solution is raised to the range of from about 5.5, or 8, to about 12, when carbohydrazide is added to such product, and by combinations of such factors.

Abstract: The present invention relates to operation of residential or commercial evaporative coolers, more specifically, its subject matter is conservation of water needed to cool down ambient air in their operation.

Abstract: Polyether polyamino methylene phosphonate N-oxides possess high calcium tolerance and have been found to give excellent inhibition of the formation, deposition and adherence of scale-forming salts, especially calcium carbonate, under severe conditions which include elevated pH, high dissolved solids content, and high saturation levels of calcium carbonate.

Abstract: A method of preventing and controlling corrosion and build-up of scale in cooling-water systems at water temperatures below about 212.degree. F. The method comprises the use of an effective amount of hydrogen peroxide, i.e., 0.01 to 100 parts by weight per million parts of water, about 0.01 to 100 parts by weight of at least one organic triazole per million parts of water, 0.1 to 200 parts by weight per million parts of water of at least one polymerized ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid, e.g., polymerized maleic acid having average molecular weights ranging from about 250 to 500,000 and 0 to 200 parts by weight, e.g., 0.1 to 50 parts of at least one non-ionic surfactant.

Abstract: A method and polymers for inhibiting the formation of scale is disclosed. The method is particularly effective at inhibiting the formation and deposition of calcium scales in circulating aqueous systems such as cooling water systems. The method comprises introducing into the aqueous system a polymer of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, substituted alkyl or substituted aryl; R' and R" are each independently hydrogen, C.sub.1-4 alkyl or C.sub.1-4 substituted alkyl; Z is O, S, NH, or NR, where R is as described above; n is a positive integer greater than 1; f is a positive integer; and M is hydrogen, a water soluble cation (e.g., NH.sub.4.sup.+, alkali metal), or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkyl group.

Abstract: Polyether polyamino methylene phosphonates, when added to various industrial water systems in concentrations between 0.1 mg/L and 50 mg/L, control silica/silicate deposition. In particular, this stabilization can be achieved under severe conditions which include elevated pH, high dissolved solids content, and high saturation levels of calcium carbonate.

Abstract: A method of inhibiting the pitting corrosion rate of carbon steel in a cooling tower system comprising adding to a cooling tower water an effective amount of a corrosion inhibiting composition containing from about 1 to about 10 ppm of a water soluble molybdate, calculated as molybdate and from about 5 to about 25 ppm of a stabilized phosphate, calculated as phosphate, the corrosion inhibiting composition being substantially free of active zinc, and circulating the water in the system.

Abstract: Calcium carbonate scale deposits, occurring in gold and silver mining involving the cyanidation process which utilizes heap and vat leaching, and carbon-in-pulp, carbon-in-leach, particularly activated carbon separation columns; said scale deposits forming on the carbon surfaces and in the emitters and sprinklers of the heap leaching system, are controlled using polyether polyamino methylene phosphonates, which provide effective inhibition despite the severe conditions encountered in these systems, including very high pH's.

Abstract: A method of inhibiting scale formation in acidic aqueous systems where metal ions such as A1.sup.+3 or Fe.sup.+3 are present by employing a polyepoxysuccinic acid in combination with a metal ion binding material.

Abstract: A copolymer of sodium vinyl sulfonate and polyalkylene glycol mono- or di-methacrylate and a process for inhibiting scale deposition, particularly inorganic sulfate such as barium sulfate. An aqueous fluid present in or produced from a subterranean formation is contacted with an aqueous solution having the copolymer dissolved therein. The aqueous fluid has an acidic pH and the copolymer has a molecular weight of from about 2,000 to about 30,000.

Abstract: A method of inhibiting the precipitation of barium scale from an aqueous system, comprising adding to the aqueous system a product having the formula I: ##STR1## in which M is hydrogen or an alkali metal ion, an ammonium ion or a quanternized amine radical; R.sub.1 is hydrogen or methyl; and n is an integer having an average value ranging from 4 to 20.

Abstract: Polyether polyamino methylene phosphonates possess high calcium tolerance and have been found to give excellent inhibition of the formation, deposition and adherence of scale-forming salts, especially calcium carbonate, under severe conditions which include elevated pH, high dissolved solids content, and high saturation levels of calcium carbonate.

Abstract: A method for inhibiting calcium sulfate scale formation and deposition and/or dispersing iron from a feedstream passing through a reverse osmosis system which comprises the steps of: controlling the pH of the feedstream within the range between about 6.0 to about 7.0; controlling the temperature of the feedstream within the range between about 50.degree. to about 80.degree. F.; and adding a scale inhibitor and/or iron dispersant to the feedstream in an amount between about 0.002 ppm per ppm hardness (as CaCO.sub.3) of the feedstream to about 0.005 ppm per ppm hardness (as CaCO.sub.3) of the feedstream, the scale inhibitor comprising a water-soluble organic phosphonate, an N-substituted acrylamide polymer, caustic and water.

Abstract: Scale is removed, and its formation is reduced or prevented in the effluent section of a sewage treatment plant, by adding a solution containing a small amount of phosphonate and a terpolymer of acrylic acid. The treatment is especially effective in anaerobic areas of the plant, which includes transfer lines from sludge handling systems, pumps, piping, valves, overflow lines, and possibly centrifuges, etc., and particularly where the Ca+ 2 exceeds about 600 ppm, and the system alkalinity varies from about pH 6-9.

Abstract: A method of removing scale in a cooling water system in which scale is formed comprises adding 0.01 weight % or more based on the total amount of water contained in the cooling water system of a copolymer containing vinyl monomer units having a carboxyl group or salt thereof and vinyl monomer units having a sulfo group or salt thereof in amounts to make the mol ratio of the carboxyl group to the sulfo group in the range of 30:70 to 95:5 and having weight average molecular weight calibrated with polystyrene in the range of 1,000 to 100,000 to the cooling water system while operating the cooling water system and the cleaved or dissolved scale is discharged out of the cooling water system by blowing.

Abstract: A method and composition for inhibiting silica and silicate deposition on metal surfaces in contact with aqueous systems is disclosed.

Abstract: Hydrolyzed copolymers (A) maleic anhydride with (B) at least one more ethylenically unsaturated monomer other than acrylic acid or methacrylic acid or with a mixture of (B) and (C) acrylic acid or methacrylic acid are employed in a process to inhibit calcium oxalate formation and deposition.

Abstract: A corrosion inhibitor treatment composition for cooling water systems is disclosed in which no chromate is used and no free orthophosphate is present comprising a combination of a localized corrosion inhibitor in the form of a salt of molybdenum, vanadium, or tungsten, a general corrosion and scale inhibitor comprising zinc or nickel, a pair of organic phosphonates, and a stabilizing agent.

Abstract: A method of inhibiting corrosion of iron and steel alloys in contact with industrial waters is claimed. The method comprises treating said waters with an effective corrosion inhibiting amount of a water soluble polymer having an average molecular weight ranging from about 2,000 to about 50,000, said polymer containing at least four mole percent of a hydroxamic acid mer unit.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for stabilizing iron oxides and iron hydroxides in produced oil field waters. A water soluble polymer containing pendant N-substituted amide functionality units is added at a rate of about 6 parts by weight polymer to 10 parts by weight iron in the produced water.

Abstract: Polyether polyamino methylene phosphonates, when used in combination with hydroxyphosphonoacetic acid (HPA) or amino tris methylene phosphonate (AMP), and added to various industrial water systems in concentrations between 0.1 mg/L and 50 mg/L, control silica/silicate deposition. In particular, this stabilization can be achieved under severe conditions which include elevated pH, high dissolved solids content, and high saturation levels of calcium carbonate.

Abstract: A composition for the detackification and clarification of acid and alkaline paint and lacquer waste waters and paint spray booth wastes, comprising:an inorganic-organic and/or organic adduct alloy polymer composition having the formula:A.multidot.B.sup.+ .multidot.D.sup.+wherein:A=[(SiO.sub.2 /Me.sup.I.sub.2 O).sub.u Me.sup.II.sub.m Me.sub.m.sup.III(OH) p.sup.(SO 4.sup.) y.sup.(Aci) (2m+3n)-p-2y].sub.4wherer=1 to 98% bw;u=0 to 10% bw; ##STR1## where: x=0 to 98% bw; Z is a divalent substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, heterocyclic or aromatic radicalD.sup.+ (PQAM).sub.wwherew=2 to 98% b.w. of polyquaternized polymer (PQAM)Me.sub.m.sup.II is selected from the divalent cationic group comprising: Mg, Zn, Ca, and Fe.sup.2+m=0 to 5Me.sub.n.sup.III is a tri-or more valent metal selected from the group comprising: Fe, Al, and Al-Zn complexes;n=1 to 20Aci is selected from the monovalent anionic group comprising Cl.sup.-, Br.sup.-, I.sup.-, NO.sub.3 --, H.sub.2 PO.sub.4 --, CH.sub.3 COO.sup.-, OH.

Abstract: Radioactivity and fluoride ion are inhibited or prevented from precipitating in scale formed from a geothermal brine by adding a scale inhibitor to the cooling brine solution. Preferred scale inhibitors include polyacrylate dispersants and phosphonomethylated amines.

Abstract: A composition and process for preventing the deposition of scale and sludge in aqueous systems comprising adding to the system the combination of three or more additives selected from the group consisting of a) polyacrylic acid, copolymer of alkylsulfonate and maleic anhydride and mixtures thereof, b) hydroxy ethylidene diphosphonic acid, amino (trimethyl phosphonic acid), diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid, and mixtures thereof, and c) copolymer of styrene sulfonate and maleic anhydride, copolymer of acrylic acid and acrylamide, poly(acrylic acid-co-hypophosphite) and mixtures thereof, and wherein the combination contains at least one additive selected from each of a), b) and c).

Abstract: Method for controlling fouling in high efficiency cooling tower fill using low molecular weight 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropyl sulfonic acid/acrylic acid-type polymers.

Abstract: A novel terpolymer particularly useful as a scale inhibitor for aqueous systems is provided. The terpolymer preferably is derived from monomers of acrylic or methacrylic acid, vinyl acetate and/or vinyl alcohol, and sodium-1-allyloxy-2-hydroxypropyl sulfonate.

Abstract: A method for inhibiting silica scale formation in aqueous systems using selected low molecular weight (meth)acrylic or maleic acid based copolymers or terpolymers, magnesium ion alone, or the selected copolymers and terpolymers with aluminum ion or magnesium ion, or polyacrylic or polymaleic acid with aluminum ion or magnesium ion.

Abstract: A method for controlling the deposition of silica on the structural surfaces of steam generating systems comprising the use of a water soluble polymer having the structure ##STR1## wherein E is the repeat unit remaining after polymerization of an alpha, beta ethylenically unsaturated compound.This polymer may also be used in concert with topping agents such as phosphoric acids, phosphonic acids, polyvalent metal salts, metal chelating agents and oxygen scavengers.

Abstract: Radioactivity and fluoride ion are inhibited or prevented from precipitating in scale formed from a geothermal brine by adding a dispersant to the cooling brine solution. Preferred dispersants include polyacrylates and polyphosphonic acids.

Abstract: A process monitors boric acid or other boron compounds in a fluid system. At least one specie of tracer chemical is added to a fluid system and at least one sample of fluid from the fluid system is analyzed for at least the presence of the tracer, and the presence of the specie of tracer chemical in such sample determines at least the presence of boric acid or other boron compounds in the sample.

Abstract: A method for inhibiting inorganic sulfate scale growth in an aqueous fluid present within or produced from a subterranean formation is performed by contacting the aqueous fluid in situ with a scale inhibitor composition containing two homopolymers in solution within an aqueous liquid medium. The first homopolymer is a polyvinyl sulfonate and the second homopolymer is a polyacrylic acid. The weight ratio of the first homopolymer to second homopolymer is preferably at least about 1:1 and the aqueous fluid being contacted by the composition typically contains a relatively high concentration of precursor ions of inorganic sulfate scale, including scale-forming inorganic cations and scale-forming sulfate anions.

Abstract: Polyether polyamino methylene phosphonates, when added to various industrial water systems in concentrations between 0.1 mg/L and 50 mg/L, stabilize soluble zinc, manganese and iron ions and their reaction products, in desirable forms and reduced particle sizes. In particular, this stabilization can be achieved under severe conditions which include elevated pH, high dissolved solids content, and high saturation levels of calcium carbonate.

Abstract: N,N-bis(phosphonomethyl)-2-amino-1-propanol, derivatives and corresponding lower alkyl ethers and N-oxides thereof possess high calcium tolerance and have been found to give excellent inhibition of the formation, deposition and adherence of scale-forming salts, especially calcium carbonate, under severe conditions which include elevated pH, high dissolved solids content, and high saturation levels of calcium carbonate.

Abstract: A method for the inhibition of silica and silicate deposits on the internal surfaces of a water system consisting of adding to the water system a composition comprised of a blend of two water soluble copolymers. The first copolymer contains repeat units of maleic or acrylic acids and a phosphinic acid, or salt forms thereof. The second copolymer contains repeat units of acrylic acid and allyl hydroxy propyl sulfonate ether, or salt forms thereof.

Abstract: The treatment of an aqueous system to inhibit scale formation with a polyepoxysuccinic acid scale inhibitor, an acrylic acid copolymer and a lanthanide ion blending agent.

Abstract: A method for controlling the deposition of scale imparting species on the structural surfaces of steam generating systems comprising the use of a water soluble polymer having the structure ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is H or lower (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4) alkyl, R.sub.2 is (CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --O).sub.n, ##STR2## or a mixture of both, and n is an integer of from about 1 to about 40, R.sub.3 is H, lower (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4) alkyl or an acetate. This polymer may also be used in concert with topping agents such as phosphoric acids, phosphonic acids, amines, metal chelating agents and oxygen scavengers.

Abstract: Water-soluble copolymers which contain, polymerized in, as characteristic monomers(a) 99 to 50% by weight of monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids with 3 to 8 carbon atoms or their salts and(b) 1 to 50% by weight of N-vinylimidazole or substituted N-vinylimidazoles, their salts or products of quaternization and which have K values of from 10 to 50 are used for water treatment to reduce deposits of scale and sludge in water-conveying systems.

Abstract: A method of inhibiting the pitting corrosion rate of carbon steel in a cooling tower system comprising adding to a cooling tower water an effective amount of a corrosion inhibiting composition containing from about 1 to about 10 ppm of a water soluble molybdate, calculated as molybdate and from about 5 to about 25 ppm of a stabilized phosphate, calculated as phosphate, the corrosion inhibiting composition being substantially free of active zinc, and circulating the water in the system.

Abstract: A method of removing from and preventing scale from depositing in underground petroleum containing formations and upon equipment used to inject high brine scale forming waters into such formations which comprises treating such waters with a scale inhibiting amount of an acrylic acid polymer which contains from 0-95 mole percent of acrylamide and from 1-30 mole percent of amido C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl phosphonate groups from the group consisting of:a) Amidomethyl phosphonate groups,b) Alpha-hydroxy-beta-amidoethyl phosphonate groups,c) Alpha-hydroxy-beta-amidoisopropyl phosphonate groups, and,d) Amidopropyl phosphonate groups said polymer having a molecular weight range between 1,000-100,000.

Abstract: A composition and process for preventing the deposition of scale and sludge in aqueous systems comprising adding to the system the combination of three or more additives selected from the group consisting of a) polyacrylic acid, copolymer of allylsulfonate and maleic anhydride and mixtures thereof, b) hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid, amino (trimethyl phosphonic acid), diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid, and mixtures thereof, and c) copolymer of styrene sulfonate and maleic anhydride, copolymer of acrylic acid and acrylamide, poly(acrylic acid-co-hypophosphite) and mixtures thereof, and wherein the combination contains at least one additive selected from each of a), b) and c).

Abstract: A corrosion inhibitor treatment composition for cooling water systems at elevated temperatures in which no chromate is used is disclosed, comprising a combination of a localized corrosion inhibitor in the form of a salt of molybdenum, vanadium, or tungsten, a reduced level of a general corrosion and scale inhibitor comprising zinc, nickel or a combination thereof, orthophosphate, an organic phosphonate, and a stabilizing agent.

Abstract: A method of comprising iron in an aqueous system comprising adding to the system a copolymer of styrene sulfonic acid and methacrylic acid or its water soluble salt in an amount effective to disperse the iron contained therein.

Abstract: A conjugated diene sulfonation product represented by the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 to R.sup.6, which may be the same or different, represent hydrogen atoms, alkyl groups having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, aryl groups having 6 to 20 carbon atoms or --SO.sub.3 X groups (X represents a hydrogen atom, a metal atom, an ammonium group or a quaternary ammonium group), at least one of said R.sup.1 to R.sup.6 being the --SO.sub.3 X group, a polymer of the conjugated diene sulfonation product or a copolymer of the conjugated diene sulfonation product with a monomer copolymerizable therewith. The sulfonation product, the polymer and the copolymer are useful as a dispersing agent for preparing a solid fuel dispersion, a cement dispersion, a dye and/or pigment dispersion or a metal oxide dispersion or as a water-treating agent, a fiber-treating agent, a plating bath additive and an excavation-muddy water-viscosity-adjusting agent.

Abstract: A method for controlling the deposition of scale imparting species on the structural surfaces of steam generating systems comprising the use of a water soluble polymer having the structure ##STR1## wherein E is the repeat unit remaining after polymerization of an alpha, beta ethylenically unsaturated compound.This polymer may also be used in concert with topping agents such as phosphoric acids, phosphonic acids, polyvalent metal salts, metal chelating agents and oxygen scavengers.

Abstract: We have determined that simultaneous use in industrial waters of certain water soluble polymers in the presence of ozone is acceptable for scale control, corrosion control, microbiological control and the like. The preferred polymers used with ozone and those polymers that are homopolymers and copolymers containing at least 50 mole percent of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, mixtures thereof. Certain other monomers may be used with the acrylic acid and methacrylic acid monomers, and still function as scale inhibitors and corrosion inhibitors in the presence of ozone in industrial waters. The industrial waters are particularly recirculating cooling waters.

Abstract: Method of determining treating agent concentration added to a water recirculating system to enhance efficiency by inhibiting scaling or corrosion or settling of particulates; the treating agent bears an amine-containing fluorescent moiety tag covalently bonded thereto, allowing sample analysis for emissivity as a measure of concentration equatable to the performance of treating agent in the system; by simultaneously employing an inert fluorescent tracer equated to the original (ppm) dosage of treating agent, consumption of the treating agent may be determined by emissivity differences equated to the original dosage.

Abstract: A water soluble terpolymer useful in controlling deposition of scale in aqueous systems comprised of monomeric repeat units (g), (h) and (i) wherein repeat unit (g) comprises the structure ##STR1## wherein E is the repeat unit obtained after polymerization of an .alpha.,.beta. ethylenically unsaturated compound, wherein repeat unit (h) comprises the structure ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are the same or different and denote H, methyl or ethyl and M is a water soluble cation or H, and wherein repeat unit (i) comprises the structure ##STR3## wherein R.sub.3 is a lower alkyl (C.sub.1 -C.sub.3), R.sub.4 is a hydroxy substituted alkyl or alkylene group having from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms or a non-substituted alkyl or alkylene group having from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, X is an anionic radical, Z is H, hydrogen atoms or a water soluble cation or cations which together counterbalance the valance of X and a is 0 or 1.

Abstract: A water treatment agent for boilers which comprises as active ingredients a compound which can release aliphatic hydroxycarboxylic acid ions in water and a polyamine represented by the following formula (I) or an acid addition product thereof:H.sub.2 H(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 NH).sub.n H (I)(wherein n denotes an integer of 2 to 5), and a water treatment method for pure water boilers or soft boilers using the above active ingredients to prevent corrosion of the ferrous metal in the water system of the pure water boilers or soft water boilers.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of transporting and inhibiting the deposition of copper and copper-iron materials on heat transfer devices in steam generating systems. This method utilizes a thermally stable chelant and a carboxylated polymeric dispersant as the treatment agents. Representative chemicals are 1,10-phenanthroline and 9:1 methacrylic acid/acrylic acid copolymer.

Abstract: A method inhibiting the deposition of silica and silicate compounds on the metallic surfaces of cooling water equipment comprising adding to the water a composition consisting of hydroxyphosphonoacetic acid and a polymer having the formula: ##STR1## wherein M is a water soluble cation. This composition may further comprise a molybdate compound.