Abstract: A composition for treating an aqueous system to inhibit deposition of scale caused by scale-forming impurities in the system which comprises (A) a hydrolysed homopolymer of maleic anhydride having a weight average molecular weight of 400 to 800 or a water-soluble salt thereof and (B) a carboxyl-containing acrylic polymer having a weight average molecular weight of 800 to 9500 selected from a polyacrylic acid, a polymethacrylic acid, a copolymer of at least two acrylic monomers, one of the monomers being acrylic acid of methacrylic acid, a copolymer of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with a vinyl carboxylate or a styrene, a phosphinoacrylic acid telomer or a phosphinomethacrylic acid telomer, of a water-soluble salt of the carboxyl-containing acrylic polymer.

Abstract: The invention describes acrylamide, acrylic acid, polymers and co-polymers containing phosphinate groups to inhibit scale and corrosion caused by metal surfaces contacting industrial waters.

Abstract: A method of inhibiting corrosion of a metal surface in an aqueous system having a pH of at least 6, comprising maintaining in the aqueous system, in an amount effective to inhibit corrosion, a water-soluble, organic-rare earth metal chelate which is derived from a rare earth metal having an atomic number from 57 to 71 and an organic chelant. The organic chelant provides not only water solubility but surprisingly enhanced corrosion inhibiting activity. The water-soluble, organic-rare earth chelates may be advantageously combined with other corrosion inhibitors such as zinc chelates, organophosphonates, phosphates, chromates, molybdates, and the like.

Abstract: A method for stabilizing metal ions in recirculating water systems is disclosed. This method utilizes an admixture comprising a) an ethylenically unsaturated water-soluble polymer and/or a water soluble phosphonate, b) methylene bis(thiocyanate), and c) 2-(thiocyanomethylthio)benzothiazole to solubilize metal ions thereby reducing deposition and corrosion.

Abstract: A process for inhibiting the adhesion of bacterial cells to solid surfaces in aqueous systems and thus controlling biological fouling comprising adding a water-soluble ionene polymer to the aqueous systems in an amount ranging from about 0.5 ppm to about 50 ppm based on the weight of aqueous liquid in the system.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of inhibiting scale formation in aqueous systems wherein allylphosphonate copolymers are added to the system in an amount effective to inhibit scale formation. The allylphosphonate copolymers of this invention exhibit characteristic properties for the treatment of aqueous systems, namely strong calcium complexation, excellent iron dispersion, inhibition of calcium carbonate scale and inhibition of calcium phosphate deposition.

Abstract: Compositions containing a water soluble carboxylic/sulfonic/polyoxyalkylene terpolymer and a water soluble phosphonate effectively control calcium carbonate scaling in aqueous systems under severe pH, alkalinity, calcite saturation and/or temperature conditions.

Abstract: A method for treating an aqueous system is disclosed which comprises incorporating therein a water soluble organic sulphonate copolymer and an optionally N-substituted water soluble copolymer of acrylamide or methacrylamide and a copolymerizable monomer.

Abstract: Precipitation of salts from glycol-based fluids when mixed with water is prevented by the addition of copolymers or terpolymers of acrylic acid or alkali metal salt thereof and one or more of the monomers selected from the group consisting of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropyl sulfonic acid or metal salt thereof, 4-styrenesulfonic acid or metal salt thereof, a lower alkyl hydroxy acrylate, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of controlling deposition in steam generating systems. This method utilizes poly(methacrylic) acid polymers that were initiated by benzoyl peroxide or lauroyl peroxide as the treatment agents.

Abstract: A process for stabilizing manganese ions in aqueous solutions is disclosed. The process comprises adding to an aqueous solution containing manganese ions a polymer or copolymer of unsaturated carboxylic compounds such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, polyacrylic acid and maleic anhydride and an orthophosphate. The ratio of polymer to orthophosphate is preferably about 2 to 1.

Abstract: A method for the inhibition of silica deposition on the surfaces of a structure which contains an aqueous medium comprising adding to the aqueous medium a composition comprising HEDP, PEG and a water soluble polymer having the structure: ##STR1## wherein M is a water soluble cation. This invention is particularly effective in cooling water and steam generating systems.

Abstract: A method for the treatment of an aqueous system, typically hard water in a cooling system, is described which comprises adding thereto:(i) a phosphonocarboxylic acid which contains at least 3 acid groups which are carboxylic and phosphonic acid groups, such that at least one acid group is a carboxylic acid group and at least one acid group is a phosphonic acid group, at least the said 3 acid groups being attached to carbon atoms, or a water-soluble salt thereof,(ii) an amino phosphonic acid having the formula:H.sub.2 --PO.sub.3 (CH.sub.2).sub.n --N(R.sub.1)(R.sub.2)in which R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 independently represent hydrogen, alkyl, especially of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, --(CH.sub.2).sub.n PO.sub.3 H.sub.2, or --(CH.sub.2).sub.n COOH, and n is 1 or 2, or a water-soluble salt thereof, and(iii) an aminophosphonic acid oxide of the formula:H.sub.2 --PO.sub.2 (CH.sub.3).sub.n --N.fwdarw.O)(R.sub.1)(R.sub.2)in which R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and n are as defined above, or a water-soluble salt thereof.

Abstract: Multifunctional scale inhibitor compositions, alone or together with polymeric structures, are described which are characterized by having, in addition to a phosphonomethylamino group, a sulfonic acid and/or carboxylic acid group. By incorporating several types of functional groups into a single molecule, control of scale formation and deposition under more severe conditions than normally encountered can be attained.

Abstract: A method of preventing and inhibiting scale on solid surfaces in contact with mineral processing waters which comprises treating such waters with a scale preventing or inhibiting amount of a composition comprising:______________________________________ Ingredients % By Weight ______________________________________ A. Polyacrylic acid 25-65 B. An acrylic acid lower alkyl acrylate ester 25-65 copolymer which contains from 1-6 carbon atoms in the alkyl group C. An acrylamide terpolymer which contains 0-30 from 1-80 mole % of acrylic acid and from 1-50 mole % of an alkyl sulfonate substituted acrylamide wherein the alkyl group contains from 1-6 carbon atoms ______________________________________with polymers A, B, and C having a molecular weight range between 1,000 to 50,000.

Abstract: A method for controlling the formation of silica/silicate deposits in aqueous systems by adding an effective amount, preferably at least 0.1 ppm, of 2-phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid-1,2,4 and, optionally, an anionic polymer, preferably a carboxylic/sulfonic polymer, or salts thereof to the aqueous system being treated. Borate or molybdate ion sources may also be added.

Abstract: A specially defined amount of hydrogen peroxide is used as a polymerization catalyzer; a specially defined amount and a specially defined kind of a polyvalent metal ion is used; and a specially defined amount of an alkaline substance is used, in order to polymerize a monomer component consisting essentially of only maleic acid, or a monomer component composed of maleic acid and another water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer, in a specially defined proportion in water, whereby a maleic acid polymer salt, preferably a copolymer salt, of improved biodegradability is produced. The maleic acid polymer salt obtained is superior in biodegradability, has a low residual monomer content, and is useful as a detergent builder and as a scale inhibitor, etc.

Abstract: New zinc stabilizing polymers containing at least 5 mole percent of a monomer represented by the structure: ##STR1## wherein: R is independently, at each occurrence, chosen from H and lower (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4) alkyl groups;R' is a hydrocarbonaceous bridging group containing from 1-12 carbon atoms;X is chosen from --SO.sub.3 M, --OH, --COOM groups or mixtures thereof,M is hydrogen or some other cation species; andn ranges from 1-10,are described. Also, the use of these polymers in combination with zinc salts, and in further combination with phosphate salts, to inhibit corrosion of iron containing metals, and other metals, when these metals are exposed to industrial waters is demonstrated. Deposit control or scale inhibition on these metals exposed to industrial waters is also observed.

Abstract: A geothermal water well is treated with an effective amount of a scale inhibitor formulation containing a Na acrylate/acrylamide copolymer to inhibit the buildings of CaCO.sub.3 scale therein.

Abstract: The accumulation of scaling salt deposits in industrial water systems is reduced by adding to the water thereof at least an effective amount of a water soluble polymer comprised of units having pendant carboxylate groups, N-substituted sulfoalkyl amide groups, and N-substituted alkyl amide groups.

Abstract: Composition for treating cooling water including a combination of ingredients for combatting a variety of problems, such as corrosion, scale control and microbiological growth. Composition obviates the necessity for separately feeding several materials. Compositon includes at least 1% sodium molybdate, at least 0.1% benzotriazole, at least 0.5% citric acid and at least 5% of a microbiocide.

Abstract: Addition of a secondary scale inhibitor is made to a water medium containing a primary phosphonate scale inhibitor to inhibit precipitation of insoluble calcium phosphonates which are formed by the reaction of calcium in the water medium with the primary scale inhibitor thus forming insoluble calcium phosphonate. The secondary scale inhibitor has the function of inhibiting precipitation of such insoluble calcium phosphonates. The secondary scale inhibitor is a copolymer of an acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid with one or more of a principal comonomer selected from substituted acrylamides, alkoxyalkyl acrylates, substituted and unsubstituted alkyl acrylates, acrylamido alkane sulfonic acids, hydroxyalkyl acrylates, alkyl itaconates, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a method for controlling the formation of scale deposits in aqueous systems operated at high pH and/or calcite saturation levels by adding an effective amount, preferably at least 0.1 ppm, of an allyl sulfonate/maleic anhydride polymer to the aqueous system being treated.

Abstract: A method of treating and removing volatile organic contaminants from ground water by treating the water with effective amounts of a water-soluble polymeric sequesterant comprising polymers derived from acrylic acid or organic acid, followed by the addition of a biocide, e.g., chlorine, and then subsequently passing the treated water through a packed column or air stripper wherein the volatile organic contaminants are removed by passing air in a counter-direction to the flow of water at temperatures ranging from about 40.degree. to about 200.degree. F.

Abstract: This invention is directed to the treatment of aqueous systems, and specifically to the inhibition and removal of scale and solid deposits in industrial water systems. The invention comprises the use of less than a stoichiometric amount of an inhibitor composition comprising at least one acrylic polymer, at least one water-soluble polymer derived from maleic acid or its anhydride, water-soluble organic phosphonates, and at least one water-soluble chelating agent. This inhibitor composition is added to the water in the systems in amounts ranging from about 0.01 to 600 parts of the inhibitor composition per million parts by weight of the water.

Abstract: A method is shown of treating an aqueous system comprising adding to the system a water-soluble tri-copolymer having the formula I:(A).sub.x (B).sub.y (C).sub.z Ior a salt thereof, wherein A is a group having the formula: ##STR1## or a hydrolysed (dicarboxylic acid or salt) form of this group; B is a group having the formula:--CH.sub.2 --C(R.sub.1)(CO.sub.2 R.sub.2)--wherein R.sub.1 is a hydrogen or methyl, and R.sub.2 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 straight- or branched chain alkyl, preferably methyl or ether, or R.sub.2 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 straight- or branched chain alkyl substituted by a group --OR.sub.3 wherein R.sub.3 is hydrogen or a group of formula --[CH.sub.2 CH(R.sub.4)O].sub.n H wherein R.sub.4 is hydrogen or methyl and n is an integer from 1 to 10; C is a group having the formula:--CH(R.sub.5)--C(R.sub.6)(R.sub.7)--wherein R.sub.5 is hydrogen, phenyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 straight- or branched chain alkyl, preferably hydrogen and R.sub.6 and R.sub.7, independently, are hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: A process for the treatment of cooling waters, particularly in thermal power stations, without or--optionally--with partial acid decarbonization of the make up water, the improvement wherein the make up water is mechanically coarse-clarified and the hardness is then stabilized with scale inhibitors. The scale inhibitors are then removed from the blow down and are optionally recovered.

Abstract: The precipitate species of manganese in the presence of an oxidative condition in the waters of an aqueous system can be diminished by treating such waters with certain amide-containing polymer.

Abstract: Water is treated with copolymers of an acrylic acid and an alkoxyalkyl acrylate ester which are devoid of acrylamide or methacrylamide. The copolymers are effective as scale inhibitors in the presence or absence of metal ions, particularly iron, manganese and zinc; and to stabilize or solubilize soluble metal ions such as iron, manganese, and zinc.

Abstract: A process for preparing water-scale inhibitors and, more specifically, a neat process for preparing acrylic acid/ethylene glycol graft co-polymers and a method for their use as scale inhibitors.

Abstract: Inhibition of scale is obtained by adding to an aqueous medium 0.5 to 500 ppm of a copolymer containing at least one of each of the following three monomers:(a) monounsaturated carboxylic acids as well as salts and anhydrides thereof, the acids containing 3 to 5 carbon atoms, such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid or its anhydride;(b) acrylamidoalkane sulfonic acids and salts thereof, such as 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid; and(c) styrene sulfonic acid and its salts.

Abstract: A method for treatment of boiler waters is disclosed. The method comprises a synergetic combination of ametacrylic acid-containing polymer with a strongly interacting nonionic surfactant, together with a chelant and/or a phosphate-generating species. The method is particularly effective when the surfactant is an alkoxylated alkylphenol or an alkoxylated alkylphenol ether.

Abstract: Dispersion of particulate matter, especially iron, is obtained by adding to an aqueous medium 0.5 to 500 ppm of a copolymer containing at least one of each of the following three monomer moieties:(a) monounsaturated carboxylic acids as well as salts and anhydrides thereof, the acids containing 3 to 5 carbon atoms, such as an acrylic acid and methacrylic acid;(b) acrylamidoalkane sulfonic acids and salts thereof, such as 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid; and(c) primary copolymerizable monomers selected from vinyl alcohol, styrene sulfonic acids and salts thereof, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A water soluble polymer composition is disclosed. The polymer has repeat units characterized by the structural formulae: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is H or lower alkyl (C.sub.1 -C.sub.3); R.sub.2 is OH, OM, or NH.sub.2 ; M is a water soluble cation; R.sub.3 is a hydroxy substituted alkyl or alkylene radical having from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms or a non-substituted alkyl or alkylene radical having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms; X is an anionic radical; Z is H or hydrogens or a water soluble cation or cations which together counterbalance the valence of X, and a is 0 or 1. The copolymer is effective in inhibiting the precipitation of certain scale forming salts, and also acts to inhibit corrosion of metal parts in contact with water systems.

Abstract: A process for decreasing the tendency to form deposits in plants for evaporating spent sulfite liquors used to produce woodpulp. In the process, the liquors are treated with polyacrylic acids having a low molecular weight. In order to prevent virtually any deposition and to increase the evaporation rate, an aqueous solution of polyacrylic acid having a low molecular weight is added to the spent sulfite liquor in an entrance stage of the multiple-effect sulfite liquor in an entrance stage of the multiple-effect evaporating system and an aqueous solution of a copolymer of sulfonated styrene and maleic anhydride or an aqueous solution of a polyacrylic acid having a low molecular weight is added to the spent sulfite liquor in at least one succeeding stage of the multiple-effect evaporating system.

Abstract: A process for stabilizing manganese ions in aqueous solutions is disclosed. The process comprises adding to an aqueous solution containing maganese ions a polymer or copolymer of unsaturated carboxylic compounds such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, polyacrylic acid and maleic anhydride and an orthophosphate. The ratio of polymer to orthophosphate is preferrably about 2 to 1.

Abstract: The instant invention is directed to an admixture, and its use in inhibiting scale and corrosion in aqueous systems, comprising:(a) a water-soluble polymer having a weight average molecular weight of less than 25,000, as determined by low angle laser light scattering, comprising an unsaturated carboxylic acid and an unsaturated sulfonic acid, or their salts, having a ratio of 1:20 to 20:1, and(b) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of water-soluble polycarboxylates, phosphonates, phosphates, polyphosphates, metal salts and sulfonates.The instant invention is also directed to a method of inhibiting the formation of insoluble alluvial, metal oxide and metal hydroxide deposits in an aqueous system, comprising adding to the system at least 0.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for treating aqueous systems to reduce or prevent the deposition of barium sulphate and other insoluble sulphates therein, comprising the addition to the water of an effective amount of an interpolymer of an ethylenically polymerizable carboxylic acid, and at least one of an ethylenically polymerizable dicarboxylic acid or other copolymerizable comonomer. The polymers are particularly effective in preventing scale precipitate at high levels of barium (e.g. 700 ppm) and under low pH conditions.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a method for controlling the formation of silica/silicate deposits in aqueous systems by adding an effective amount, preferably at least 0.1 ppm, of a designated phosphonate and, optionally, a carboxylic/sulfonic polymer or salt thereof to the aqueous system being treated. Borate or molybdate ion sources may also be added.

Abstract: Methods of using novel water soluble polymers to inhibit corrosion and control the formation and deposition of scale imparting compounds in boiler water systems are disclosed. The polymers are comprised of repeat units formed from .gamma., .beta. ethylenically unsaturated compounds, and repeat units formed from allylalkylene ether monomers.

Abstract: A method for inhibiting corrosion in industrial cooling waters which contain hardness and a pH of at least 6.5, by dosing the water with a composition which comprises a water-soluble inorganic phosphate capable of inhibiting corrosion in an aqueous alkaline environment and a hydrocarbon polymer containing an N-substituted acrylamide polymers with an amide structure as follows: ##STR1## where R.sub.2 is hydrogen or methyl, where R.sub.1 is a hydrogen or an alkyl and R is alkylene or phenylene, and X is sulfonate, (poly)hydroxyl, (poly)carboxyl or carbonyl, and combinations thereof; or containing derivatized maleic anhydride homo-, co- and terpolymers having N-substituted maleamic acid units, N-substituted maleimide units and maleic acid (and salts) units having a structure as follows: ##STR2## where R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.

Abstract: Calcium phosphate scale control methods and compositions are disclosed. Water soluble acrylic acid/monohydroxylated alkyl allyl ether copolymers are used.

Abstract: A method of inhibiting scale in boilers is disclosed whereby high and low molecular weight blends of acrylic acid/acrylamide-type polymers are used to prevent boiler scaling. These polymer blends demonstrate synergistic hydrothermal stability and threshold scale inhibition characteristics at elevated temperatures and pressures.

Abstract: Water supplies are treated to inhibit the formation of scale deposits of alkaline earth phosphates, phosphonates, sulphates and carbonates using various hydrocarbon polymers which contain an amido functionality and which have been prepared by post-polymerization derivatization.

Abstract: Water soluble polymers comprising at least one mole percent of a recurring monomer unit represented by the chemical structure ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, and R.sub.4 are independently hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl; and X is hydrogen, an alkali or alkaline earth metal or ammonium are disclosed.

Abstract: A method for inhibiting scale deposition and the corrosion of metal surfaces in a cooling water system.It comprises a water soluble copolymer consisting of moities of acrylic acid and monohydroxylated alkyl allyl ether, a phosphonate compound, a water soluble zinc salt and, optionally, an azole compound, and/or a water soluble molybdate salt.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel polymeric compositions which are useful for water treatment. These novel compositions are comprised of polymers of .alpha., .beta. ethylenically unsaturated monomer(s), preferably containing carboxylic acid or carboxylic amide functionalities, and amine-containing allyl ether monomers.

Abstract: A method of inhibiting scale, generally and specifically and preferably calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate scale, which is found on metal surfaces in contact with industrial cooling waters, boiler waters, oil well drilling waters, and evaporated sea water, which comprises treating the water present in such systems with a few ppm of a water-soluble anionic co- or terpolymer of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (NVP) or vinyl amide. The preferred anionic comonomers are either acrylic or methacrylic acid.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel polymeric compositions which are useful for water treatment. These novel compositions are comprised of polymers of .alpha., .beta. ethylenically unsaturated monomer(s), preferably containing carboxylic acid or carboxylic amide functionalities, and amine-containing allyl ether monomers.

Abstract: A method of inhibiting manganese deposition in open, recirculating aqueous systems is disclosed. A water soluble acrylic acid/allyl hydroxy propyl sulfonate ether copolymer having repeat units characterized by the structural formula: ##STR1## wherein M is a water soluble cation, the molar ratio x:y is from about 3:1 to about 6:1 and the number average molecular weight of the copolymer is from about 5,000 to about 10,000, preferrably with an organic phosphonate is added to the aqueous system. The organic phosphonate is preferably hydroxy ethylidene diphosphonic acid, diethylene triamine penta-(methylene phosphonic acid) or blends thereof. The copolymer or copolymer and phosphonic acid is effective in inhibiting the deposition of manganese in aqueous systems.