Abstract: Filtration of water to provide cleansed water, using an assembly that monitors the volume of water cleansed and back-flushes the filtration media based on that volume. The assembly includes a control valve that monitors the amount of water that has been processed, controls the addition of water and oxygen to the assembly, and thus affects the overall operation of the assembly.

Abstract: A decolorization treatment method in which not only can a liquid that has been obtained by treating raw water that is stock-raising treatment water in a purifier tank be decolorized swiftly with simple equipment, but moreover the treatment water can be purified to an extent that reuse as a washing liquid or the like is possible. The method of decolorizing stock-raising treatment water comprises adding ferric polysulfate and a nonionic or anionic organic coagulant to a filtrate that has been obtained by treating raw water that is stock-raising treatment water in a purifier tank, and agitating the obtained product to bring about reaction and thus separate into solid and liquid components, and removing the solid component. Preferably, a two-stage reaction is carried out in which the ferric polysulfate is added and agitation is carried out to bring about reaction, and then the nonionic or anionic organic coagulant is added thereafter.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and installation for treating water for human consumption, for an industrial process, for agricultural purposes or for other purposes. The method used to remineralize raw water comprises a stage in which carbon dioxide and at least one inorganic base are injected. According to the invention, the method comprises the following stages: the flow Q of raw water is separated into a flow Q1 and a flow Q2; only flow Q1 is remineralized by injecting carbon dioxide and at least one inorganic base, said remineralization being carried out in at least one remineralization basin; remineralized flow Q1 is mixed with untreated flow Q2.

Abstract: Contaminated waste streams or soil or sludge is subjected to a first treatment stage with an acid liquor at a pH below 2 and at a solids content from 5 to 30%; then the liquid and solid phases from the first treatment stage are separated; the solids from the first treatment stage are mixed with a fresh acid liquor at a pH below 2 and a solids content from 5 to 30%; the liquid and solid phases from the second treatment stage are separated; the liquor separated from the first treatment stage is reacted with a base to precipitate the metals; the precipitated metals are separated and the liquor is recycled for reuse in the process; the solids separated from the second treatment stage are neutralized to adjust the pH to a level acceptable for a soil conditioner or fertilizer or other customized products; and the liquor from the second stage is used as the acidic liquor in the first treatment stage.

Abstract: We disclose methods of sorting or separating mixtures of living cells (e.g., eukaryotic, prokaryotic, mammalian, pathogenic, bacterial, viral, etc.). We perform our methods by activating cell-selective photophoric labels, which photosensitize and chemically reduce a photosensitive metal compound to form metal grains, particles or crystals. The metal adheres to the cells and forms the basis for sorting or separating different cell types. Photophoric labels may include chemiluminescent agents such as peroxidase enzymes activated with peroxidase substrates capable of luminescence. Photosensitive metal compounds may be present in a light-sensitive matrix or emulsion containing photosensitizable metal compounds, which form metal grains, particles or crystals upon exposure to a developer solution. Developer solutions are formulated to substantially allow living cells to remain viable after exposure to the developing solution.

Abstract: A method for removing metal compounds from waste water comprising the steps of adjusting the pH of the water to from 5 to 12 and preferable 6 to 9; aerating the waste water; adding a flocculating agent to the water and allowing floccules including metal compounds to form; and separating said floccules including metal compounds from the water. An apparatus for carrying out this method is also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and an installation for treating liquids, especially for purifying contaminated water. Said method consists of the following steps: the raw water is pre-purified by adding a foam-forming reaction agent; the pre-purified water undergoes a main purification process by foaming the water with ionising radicals contained in the exhaust from the subsequent steps, in a known perforated cylinder washer, the foam formed is eliminated; the de-foamed water is ionised; and the impurities in the purified water are sedimented. The purified water is then additionally purified, the mud consisting of impurities from the pre-purification and the main purification process is physically separated, and the transformation of raw water into purified water is carried out continuously.

Abstract: A method of stimulating nitrification at low SRT by elevating pCO2 during aeration is disclosed. The improvement on solids settling performance when elevated pCO2 was supplied after 2 hours within the React cycle is consistent with the previous results that identified inorganic carbon as a potential remedy to poor settling and bulking sludge problems in activated sludge systems. Elevated pCO2 increases the concentration of carbon dioxide and lowers the pH, which improve nitrification. The specific growth rate of nitrifying bacteria is sensitive to pCO2, pH, and dissolved oxygen (DO). The DO is a function of the aeration rate. Elevating the pCO2 and lowering the aeration rate provides conditions for nitrification rates that are comparable to conventional systems. However, the lower aeration rate yields significant energy cost savings.

Abstract: A method of purifying water or wastewater that comprises the steps of adding a treatment agent to the water, passing the water through a mixing zone, and passing the water through a foam fractionation zone to provide purified water. The water or wastewater can be any type of water found in sewage pipes or any water discharged from domestic, commercial, industrial, agriculture or aquaculture (fresh or marine) processes, or groundwater, bore water and reservoir water. A system for purifying water, the system including a mixing zone comprising one or more mixing columns for mixing the water with a treatment agent and a foam fractionation zone for purifying the water, the foam fractionation zone in liquid communication with the mixing zone.

Abstract: A sludge treatment method allowing an improvement in a phosphorus recovery rate and sludge volume reduction by efficiently eluting phosphorus in the sludge. The sludge treatment method includes: a step of foaming a sludge-containing liquid by blowing an ozone-containing gas into the sludge-containing liquid; and a step of eluting phosphorus in the sludge-containing liquid by bringing sludge adsorbed on bubbles and a sludge-dissolving agent into contact with each other. The sludge treatment method may further include the steps of: separating the phosphorus eluted sludge-containing liquid into a phosphorus eluate and a residual sludge; and precipitating a phosphorus compound by adding a coagulant to the separated phosphorus eluate.

Abstract: Arsenic is removed from water and other aqueous feeds by (1) treating the feed with a compound containing cerium in the +4 oxidation state, preferably cerium dioxide, to oxidize arsenic in the +3 oxidation state to arsenic in the +5 oxidation state and (2) removing the arsenic in the +5 oxidation state from the aqueous phase, normally by contacting the treated feed with alumina or other precipitating agent containing cations in the +3 oxidation state.

Abstract: This metal containing waste water treatment method introduces a metal containing waste water from above into a submerged membrane separation tank 1 in which a reaction section 2, a submerged membrane section 3 having a submerged membrane 5 and a precipitation section 4 are arranged in order from top to bottom, causes a reaction by adding a pH adjuster to the reaction section 2, subsequently separates water from metal by the submerged membrane 5 of the submerged membrane section 3 and subsequently precipitates and concentrates the metal in the precipitation section 4. As described above, according to this treatment method, the pH adjuster is added to the reaction section 2, and therefore, solid-liquid separation can be effected by the submerged membrane 5 with a hydroxide formed. Moreover, the metal can be precipitated and concentrated by the action of gravity without using energy in the precipitation section 4.

Abstract: A process is disclosed that relates to the removal of impurities and the recovery of a mother liquor and wash filtrate from an oxidizer purge stream produced in the synthesis of carboxylic acid, typically terephthalic. More particularly, the process involves the removal of impurities and the recovery of a mother liquor and wash filtrate from an oxidizer purge stream and then routing the mother liquor and or wash filtrate to an oxidation zone.

Abstract: A device for treating liquid medium has an ultrasound emitter located relative to a compartment of a container holding a liquid medium and a microbubble emitter located relative to the compartment. The ultrasound emitter emits high-frequency ultrasound between about 200 KHz and 10 MHz. The microbubble emitter emits bubbles with an average diameter of less than 1 mm.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for treating dredged material in which liquid is first added to the dredged material, and dewatering the dredged material to obtain a filtrate and a solid portion. Contaminants are removed from the dredged material by at least one oxidation process. The solid portion may be used to form structural articles.

Abstract: A composition and method for cleaning, sanitizing and maintaining contained bodies of water such as swimming pools, wading pools, fountains, ornamental ponds, etc. The composition includes pre-determined percentages of copper sulfate, zinc sulfate, and aluminum sulfate by weight. The composition and method reduce amounts of chlorine and an amount of labor associated with the cleaning, sanitization and maintenance of contained bodies of water.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of permanganate in the removal of heavy metal contaminants from heavy halide brines. In some embodiments, the present invention discloses methods of treating heavy halide brines that comprise providing a heavy halide brine that comprises a heavy metal contaminant, wherein the heavy metal contaminant comprises water-soluble ions; adding permanganate to the heavy halide brine; allowing a water-insoluble compound to form; and mixing the heavy brine and the water insoluble compound. In other embodiments, the present invention discloses methods of removing heavy metal contaminants from heavy halide brines.

Abstract: A solid formulation for use with sodium chloride and a chlorine generator to provide safe, clean chlorinated recreational water. The formulation comprises a chlorine stabilizing agent and a phosphate remover agent. An enhanced salt comprising a chlorine stabilizing agent, a phosphate remover agent and sodium chloride is also described. The formulation and enhanced salt can also contain a metal chelating agent and a pH balancing agent. A cleaning agent may also be included. A fast dissolving sodium cyanurate compound is used for the chlorine stabilizing agent. A method, kit, and system for providing safe, clean chlorinated recreational water are also disclosed.

Abstract: This invention offers an integrated technology in sequential treatment of wastewater. Low biodegradable organics and heavy metal ions are both contained in wastewater from surface finishing processes. The aim of the invention is to find the solution for treatment of organics and heavy metal ions in complicated wastewater that contains organics and heavy metal ions sequentially. Low biodegradable organics are oxidized by a fenton process with pH ranging from 2 to 5 and temperature ranging from 20° C. to 100° C. Heavy metal ions are then treated by a ferrite process with pH ranging from 8 to 12 and temperature ranging from 20° C. to 100° C. The integrated technology of the fenton process and the ferrite process (2FP) is advantageous to treat the wastewater from surface finishing processes, decrease the production of iron sludge caused in the fenton process and increase the quality of ferrite products.

Abstract: A method of treating, in wastewater purification, sludge containing organic matter, divalent iron and phosphorus, in which the sludge that is treated is made to contain dissolved iron and phosphorus at a molar ratio Fe:P of above 1:1, the sludge is treated at 0–100° C. with an acid at a pH of 1–5 for dissolution of divalent iron and phosphorus from the sludge, the sludge is supplied with an oxidizer selected from hydrogen peroxide and percompounds, wherein divalent iron is oxidized by Fenton's reaction to trivalent iron, and (i) trivalent iron is precipitated as trivalent iron phosphate (ii) free radicals with a deodorization and sanitation effect are formed by Fenton's reaction, the sludge is then dewatered at a pH of at most 7, and the aqueous solution obtained in dewatering is recirculated to the wastewater purification.

Abstract: A method for stabilizing and removing Cryptosporidium oocysts or Giardia cysts from water. The method comprises adding chitosan, a salt or solution of chitosan to water containing Cryptosporidium oocysts or Giardia cysts and a halogenating agent. The method may also include adding a secondary polyelectrolyte flocculant to the water. The resulting flocs are filtered to remove the Cryptosporidium oocysts or Giardia cysts.

Abstract: Mineral contaminants are removed from water in a system in which water is sprayed into an air head at the top of a tank through a diffuser and withdrawn through a pick-up tube. A solenoid valve operates to allows air from a compressor to flow into the top of the tank through a shuttle valve which is opened by the air pressure. Simultaneously a drain valve connected to the shuttle valve opens a drain, venting water and air from the tank. The shuttle valve, closed by the solenoid valve, closes the air supply line and connecting the shuttle valve to atmosphere, and pressure within the aeration tank can close the shuttle valve, which causes closing of the drain valve. The part of the valve which opens the drain is made responsive to excess pressure within the air tank to open the drain and so acts as a pressure relief valve.

Abstract: A method of treating mine drainage water including the step of adding a scale control agent to the mine drainage water and, optionally, adding an oxidizing agent to the mine drainage water and/or precipitating and settling the metals in their hydroxide form from the water. The treated water may be safely returned to the environment.

Abstract: The invention provides compositions comprising bauxite refinery residues that have been reacted with sufficient calcium and magnesium ions that they have a reaction pH of less than 10.5, and one or more water treating additives. The invention also provides processes for treatment of water containing dissolved inorganic substances involving stepwise treatment of the water in which the reacted bauxite refinery residues are added after the addition of a pH-raising additive. The invention also provides processes for treatment of water containing dissolved inorganic substances in which the reacted bauxite refinery residues are added stepwise, with one or more water treating additives also being added in at least one of the steps.

Abstract: A method for removing metal contaminants from acidic mine wastewater using lignin derivatives, such as lignosulfonates and kraft lignin, an alkali coagulant, such as a lime compound, and an alkaline composition for increasing the pH. The lignin derivatives are dispersed in the wastewater and the coagulant is added, increasing the pH to about 4.5–8.5 and causing the formation of a floc. The alkaline composition is then added to bring the pH to about 9 to 10, causing the further formation of a floc. Optionally, air oxidation is carried out, reducing the pH to about 8.1–8.6. Optionally, a ferric or ferrous salt may also be added. The flocs comprise metal-lignin colloids, metal hydroxides and metal salts. The flocs coagulate to form a sludge. Optionally, fly ash or diatomaceous earth may be added to increase the density and stability of the sludge. The sludge that is formed contains the metals and is separated from the treated water by filtration.

Abstract: A filtering method is directed to a wastewater of CMP process, which includes sub-micrometer particles suspended as colloid. The wastewater is filtered by a gel membrane formed on a surface of plastic filter. A coagulant or a pH adjuster is added to the wastewater so that the sub-micrometer particles are coagulated to form the gel membrane.

Abstract: A method of oxidation or pathogen inactivation in water supplies using the combination of treatments of chlorine dioxide and ozone in the sequential steps prior to filtration and distribution. Results indicate that the addition of chlorine dioxide before prezonation reduces the bromate formation and chlorine dioxide can be substituted for preoxidation with ozone, while maintaining the enhanced filtration effects observed from the presence of a preoxidant. A majority of the chlorite formed from reactions of chlorine dioxide with constituents in raw water are converted to chlorate by the following ozonation step.

Abstract: Methods for removing organolead compounds from aqueous and non-aqueous organolead compositions. The methods of the present invention include: providing aqueous or non-aqueous compositions including organolead compounds; ozonating the organolead compositions with ozone, wherein the organolead compounds are oxidized producing insoluble lead oxide polymers; contacting the aqueous or non-aqueous compositions including insoluble lead oxide polymers through activated carbon to remove the insoluble lead oxide polymers; filtering the aqueous or non-aqueous compositions including lead oxide polymers through at least one filtering means to remove the insoluble lead oxide polymers; and recovering the aqueous or non-aqueous compositions substantially free of organolead compounds and/or other unwanted contaminants or impurities.

Abstract: Methods for removing organolead compounds from aqueous and non-aqueous organolead compositions. The methods of the present invention include: providing aqueous or non-aqueous compositions including organolead compounds; ozonating the organolead compositions with ozone, wherein the organolead compounds are oxidized producing insoluble lead oxide polymers; contacting the aqueous or non-aqueous compositions including insoluble lead oxide polymers through activated carbon to remove the insoluble lead oxide polymers; filtering the aqueous or non-aqueous compositions including lead oxide polymers through at least one filtering means to remove the insoluble lead oxide polymers; and recovering the aqueous or non-aqueous compositions substantially free of organolead compounds and/or other unwanted contaminants or impurities.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for removing metals from aqueous solutions. This process entails contacting the aqueous solution with at least one neutralizing agent and at least one precipitating agent that preferentially precipitates metals from the aqueous solution. The neutralizing agent is a lithic material that neutralizes the acidity of the aqueous solution to promote the precipitation of metals form the aqueous solution. The precipitating agent is a lithic material that serves as a preferred locus of deposition for the metals precipitated by the neutralizing agent, i.e. those metals precipitated form the aqueous solution during neutralization.

Abstract: Carbon dioxide is purified through the use of catalytic oxidation. Carbon dioxide is exposed to at least one catalyst, oxidizing at least a portion of the nonvolatile organic residues to form purified carbon dioxide that is directed to an application. Carbon dioxide that is in a near-critical, critical, or supercritical phase can be exposed to the catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention is an oxidative reaction that converts organic content in the wastewater into harmless CO2 and H2O. The heat produced by the oxidative reaction evaporates the water, thereby concentrating the remaining solids in solution. The final product from the process is the crystal form of sodium carbonates and other oxidized salts carried in by the raw wastewater.

Abstract: A method of treating mine drainage water including the step of adding a scale control agent to the mine drainage water and, optionally, adding an oxidizing agent to the mine drainage water and/or precipitating and settling the metals in their hydroxide form from the water. The treated water may be safely returned to the environment.

Abstract: A method of purifying wastewater as a fluent coming either from industrial plants or from municipal sewage runs. The method includes the steps of running the wastewater as a fluent into a headworks where some preliminary treatment takes place. From there the fluent is passed into a primary reservoir. The primary reservoir analyzes the fluent as to certain control parameters such as pH, dissolved oxygen and/or dissolved solids. Thereafter the fluent flows into a primary reactor having a plurality of electrolytic cells therein. While in that reactor the fluent is subjected to electrical contacts which are located at the bottom and the top of the reactor. The effluent from the primary reactor passes through a ratio weir into a secondary receptor. The secondary receptor contains sensors for the measurement of control parameters such as pH, DO (dissolved oxygen TDS (total dissolved solids) and chlorine. Thereafter, the fluent is passed to a filtering device.

Abstract: Techniques for treating waste water by adding a valent ion, such as CaO/CaCO3, which depends on the pH value of the waste water, to reduce the chemical oxygen demand (COD) are provided. Organic acid intermediates formed from the oxidization of organics with ozone will chelate with valent ions dissolved in water and precipitate from the waste water, so as to reduce the amount of ozone consumed and save cost. The method of the present invention is preferably conducted by adjusting the pH value of the reaction and/or adding hydrogen peroxide.

Abstract: A method for oxidizing an inorganic species in an aqueous solution comprises the steps of: (i) supplying an oxidizable source of sulphur, and oxygen to the solution; and (ii) irradiating the solution with UV light such that both the inorganic and sulphur species are oxidized.

Abstract: A unitary liquid flow separator-collector-distributor controls the flow of liquid streams in liquid treatment tanks and treatment methods that can utilize the entire cross section of the vessels in which the treatment takes place.

Abstract: The invention provides a method treating acid raw water including the step of neutralising the water by adding calcium carbonate to it in a neutralising stage. The neutralised water is then rendered alkaline or more alkaline by adding an alkali thereto selected from calcium hydroxide, calcium oxide and mixtures thereof in a lime treatment stage. The alkaline water is then treated with carbon dioxide in a carbon dioxide treatment stage, with the carbon dioxide reacting in the carbon dioxide treatment stage with calcium hydroxide dissolved in the water.

Abstract: Animal waste such as fecal material from swine, chicken, turkey, and cattle is converted into useful forms such as fertilizer, other types of soil builders, and even nutrient feed additives. Devices, systems, and methods are provided that allow economical conversion and in many instances, alleviate the production and release of undesirable gases such as sulfide and ammonia. In one embodiment, undesirable anaerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria are killed at a greater rate than desirable soil compatible aerobic bacteria. The use of low temperature killing diminishes off gassing commonly associated with other techniques, and the use of gas trapping additives such as zeolites provides enhanced soil building qualities such as slow release of nitrogen and slow release of moisture to soil. The methods allow convenient adjustment of composition, allowing conversion of waste into tailored designer fertilizer suited for particular soils.

Abstract: Arsenic is removed from water and other aqueous feeds by (1) treating the feed with a compound containing cerium in the +4 oxidation state, preferably cerium dioxide, to oxidize arsenic in the +3 oxidation state to arsenic in the +5 oxidation state and (2) removing the arsenic in the +5 oxidation state from the aqueous phase, normally by contacting the treated feed with alumina or other precipitating agent containing cations in the +3 oxidation state.

Abstract: Compositions, methods and kits for purifying, clarifying nutrifying and any combination thereof, contaminated drinking water, which contain a primary coagulant material and a bridging flocculent material. The levels and ratios of coagulant to flocculent preferably fall within certain ranges. Highly preferred compositions also contain one or more of a cationic coagulant aid, especially chitosan, a microbiocidal disinfectant, a water-soluble alkali, a water-insoluble silicate, and a food additive or nutrient source.

Abstract: Process for treating liquid manure, comprising the introduction of homogenized liquid manure into a tank, into which are introduced some polymers/copolymers that bring about an interchange to produce the flocculation of colloidal substances and solids in suspension, which are then separated off with the aid of filters. The flocculation is carried out by feeding the liquid manure in at a constant flow rate and introducing the reagent at the same time in the form of a tertiary or quaternary polymer/copolymer, stirring the mixture for a time of between 5 and 15 minutes and then eliminating the suspended solids by flotation, involving the coalescence of the colloidal particles.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a method for efficiently removing a metal from wastewater formed by subjecting the liquid waste to wet combustion treatment or wet oxidation treatment, said liquid waste resulting from an acrylic acid production process.

Abstract: A method for reducing sludge viscosity of a sewage sludge having a solids concentration of at least 10% (w/w). The method comprises the steps of increasing the pH of the sludge to 9.5-12.5%, at least one step selected from subjecting the sludge to a holding step of at least one day and adding inorganic or organic chemicals to facilitate viscosity reduction, followed by incubating the sludge at temperature up to 100° C., and subjecting the sludge to a shearing or disintegration step. The method provides sludge, especially concentrated sludge, that is more readily pumped or transported.

Abstract: A method of oxidation or pathogen inactivation in water supplies using the combination of treatments of chlorine dioxide and ozone in the sequential steps prior to filtration and distribution. Results indicate that the addition of chlorine dioxide before prezonation reduces the bromate formation and chlorine dioxide can be substituted for preoxidation with ozone, while maintaining the enhanced filtration effects observed from the presence of a preoxidant. A majority of the chlorite formed from reactions of chlorine dioxide with constituents in raw water are converted to chlorate by the following ozonation step.

Abstract: A composition having a depot effect and a method for treating polluted waters and water sediments such that constituents that are hazardous to water are essentially decomposed or bound. Microbiological decomposition processes are long-term supported and water quality is improved without adding salt or decreasing the pH value. The composition contains one or more compounds which are produced by converting iron(III) nitrade and/or aluminium nitrade and hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a base and release oxygen and/or nitrations as oxygen donors in a prolonged manner when contacting water.

Abstract: A method for recovering and separating precious and non-precious metals from waste streams, which removes, separates, and recovers such metals in a cost effective manner with more than 95% removed from waste streams and with minimal amounts of unprocessed solids and sludge remaining in the environment. Metals such as chromium, manganese, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, silver, gold, platinum, vanadium, sodium, potassium, beryllium, magnesium, calcium, barium, lead, aluminum, tin; and the like are removed and recovered from the waste streams with at least 95% removal and other metals and compounds, such as antimony, sulfur, and selenium are removed and recovered from waste streams with at least 50% removal. The method employs a unique complexing agent comprising a carbamate compound and an alkali metal hydroxide which facilitates the formation of the metals into ionic metal particles enabling them to be readily separated, removed and recovered.

Abstract: A water purification system and method using an ionizer and an ozonation treatment for ionization, oxidation and/or decomposition of undegradeable contaminants is disclosed. A high electron-inducing voltage is first applied to the water in the ionizer so that undergradeable materials are ionized and/pr decomposed, then the water is mixed with ozone so the water is purified to be potable.

Abstract: Calcium nitrate, which is known to have the effect of inhibiting elution of phosphorus contained as insoluble substance in sludge in rivers, lakes and coasts in a reducing environment, can be applied not by injection of an aqueous solution of calcium nitrate, but by putting it in a solid form. An agent for inhibiting elution of phosphorus is proposed which comprises calcium nitrate as the major component (10-30%), calcium carbonate or calcium sulfate (a total of 50-90%), and stearic acid or its salt (1-20%) as a hydrophobic substance for delaying elution of the calcium salt, and sucrose fatty acid isobutyl or paraoxy isobutyl benzoate (1-20%) as a binder, and the composition is pressed in a mold into tablets or briquette. The application into sludge by use of an air gun is preferable.

Abstract: Animal waste such as fecal material from swine, chicken, turkey, and cattle is converted into useful forms such as fertilizer, other types of soil builders, and even nutrient feed additives. Devices, systems, and methods are provided that allow economical conversion and in many instances, alleviate the production and release of undesirable gases such as sulfide and ammonia. In one embodiment, undesirable anaerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria are killed at a greater rate than desirable soil compatible aerobic bacteria. The use of low temperature killing diminishes off gassing commonly associated with other techniques, and the use of gas trapping additives such as zeolites provides enhanced soil building qualities such as slow release of nitrogen and slow release of moisture to soil. The methods allow convenient adjustment of composition, allowing conversion of waste into tailored designer fertilizer suited for particular soils.