Abstract: A method for recovering tallow from meat processing wastewater includes adding a coagulant composition to the wastewater to agglomerate suspended fat, oil and grease particles in the wastewater, separating solid waste materials from the wastewater and isolating tallow from the solid waste materials. The coagulant composition includes tannin.

Abstract: A process in which material comprising an aqueous liquid with dispersed particulate solids is transferred as a fluid to a deposition area, then allowed to stand and rigidify, and in which rigidification is improved while retaining the fluidity of the material during transfer, by combining with the material an effective rigidifying amount of aqueous solution of a water-soluble polymer. The process is particularly suitable for the treatment of the tailings underflow resulting from a mineral processing operation and the co-disposal of fine and coarse tailings fractions. In addition, liquor released during the rigidification step is of high clarity.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for separating suspended solid materials from aqueous systems, in which the latter is mixed with a flocculant made of polymer colloidal particles with cationic surface charge and subsequently the flocculated material is separated from the aqueous system.

Abstract: A process in which a suspension comprising dispersed particulate material in an aqueous medium is transferred as a fluid to a deposition area, then allowed to stand and rigidify, and in which rigidification is improved whilst retaining the fluidity of the suspension during transfer, by combining with the suspension during transfer a rigidifying amount of a treatment system which comprises i) a water-soluble synthetic polymer and ii) a water-soluble natural or seminatural polymer. Improved rigidification can be achieved, including dose efficiency especially in regard to the amount of synthetic polymer required. In addition improvements in the clarity of liquor released from the suspension can be achieved.

Abstract: A process of separating suspended solids from a fermentation liquor by subjecting the liquor to a solids-liquid separation stage, wherein the fermentation liquor is produced in a fermentation process for the production of a fermentation product, and which liquor comprises lignin, wherein the solids-liquid separation stage is assisted by a treatment system, characterised in that the treatment system comprises an anionic polymer, with the proviso that the treatment system and does not include a cationic polymer having an intrinsic viscosity (IV) of at least 4 dl/g.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for preparing DMF for sucralose production, including, e.g., isolating DMF from a composition comprising DMF, water, and methanol, using a single-tower rectification system. In various embodiments of the present invention, the composition, after the removal of water and methanol, may be further dried/dehydrated, such as, by using a dehydration agent and/or filtration. The resulting substantially pure DMF may comprise at least about 98-99% DMF. The present invention further provides a method of preparing a composition comprising anhydrous sucrose for sucralose production, which may comprise mixing regular sucrose with a water-containing DMF composition, and drying the resulting sucrose-DMF composition. Also provided is a single-tower separation system for isolating DMF from a composition comprising DMF, water, and methanol.

Abstract: The current invention relates to composition and method for treating impurities in a circulating water system. The circulating water system impurities may be oversprayed paint in paint spray booth applications. The composition includes an aqueous solution of a cationized starch, a polybasic aluminum salt such as aluminum chlorohydrate or polyaluminum chloride and a solution of a medium to high MW aqueous flocculent. The composition is particularly useful when added to recirculating scrubber water in paint spray booths for effectively treating both water based and solvent based paints.

Abstract: A method for converting animal waste, in the form of waste slurry, to energy and useful byproducts. A screen mesh filters out large objects from waste slurry and the filtered slurry is chopped and fragmented to reduce binding of fibrous materials. The fragmented slurry is mixed at a rate to maintain solids in the fragmented slurry in suspension while minimizing aeration and turbulence within the mixing unit. A solids recovery unit recovers about 95% of the suspended solids. An additive is introduced into the solids recovery unit for providing agglomeration of solids particles. The recovered solids are gasified to produce at least methane/ethane gas. The produced gas is provided to an energy production unit to generate electrical and/or heat energy. Liquid remaining after the solids recovery is treated to remove undesirable contaminants to an extent in compliance with water quality standards set for animal waste flushing, animal washing and animal drinking water, as the case may be.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for dewatering a mineral slurry concentrate and increasing the production of the resulting filter cake consisting essentially of mixing an aqueous mineral slurry concentrate with an effective amount of a nonionic surfactant and an effective amount of a cationic polymer to form a nonionic surfactant and cationic polymer treated aqueous mineral slurry concentrate, and subjecting the treated aqueous mineral slurry concentrate to a liquid water removal process for dewatering the treated aqueous mineral slurry and for increasing the production of a resulting filter cake of the dewatered mineral slurry. An improved mineral slurry concentrate composition and an improved mineral concentrate filter cake is also disclosed.

Abstract: The disclosure is directed to methods of making and using a water treatment composition for improved water infiltration during irrigation of agriculture. These methods include combining additives with an aqueous fluid to create a treated irrigation water, wherein the additives comprise a preselected amount of a surfactant and a preselected amount of a displacement ion. The improved infiltration is obtained through a constant, or substantially constant, application of the treated irrigation water to the soil during the irrigation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the accelerated dehydration of sludges in sludge disposal areas, especially of sludges from rivers and harbors, by the exclusive use of anionic polymer flocculants and the use of materials obtained according to the inventive method.

Abstract: A process of dewatering an aqueous suspension comprising treating the suspension with a dewatering amount of a reverse phase polymer, and subjecting the suspension to a mechanical dewatering to form a cake, characterised in that the reverse phase polymer only partially inverts to bring about flocculation and thickening of the suspension, and then fully inverts during the further dewatering to form a cake.

Abstract: A method for removing submicron colloidal particulates, such as hydrocarbons, from water. The method includes first adding a soluble, cationic polymer, such as chitosan, a salt, or solution of chitosan to water containing the submicron particulates and a halogenating agent, followed by adding a soluble, anionic polymer or anionic salt to the water. The resulting flocs are filtered to remove the submicron particulates.

Abstract: A process of dewatering an aqueous suspension comprising treating the suspension with a dewatering amount of a reverse phase polymer, and subjecting the suspension to a mechanical dewatering to form a cake, characterised in that the reverse phase polymer only partially inverts to bring about flocculation and thickening of the suspension, and then fully inverts during the further dewatering to form a cake.

Abstract: A process of dewatering aqueous suspension employing a flocculating system comprising treating the suspension with a flocculating amount of a first flocculant and a dewatering amount of a second flocculant, and subjecting the suspension to mechanical dewatering to form a cake, wherein the first flocculant brings about flocculation and assists thickening of the suspension and the second flocculant is a water-soluble or water swellable polymer that is mixed into the suspension is a water-soluble or water swellable particulate polymer having a particle diameter of at least 20 microns.

Abstract: A process of dewatering an aqueous suspension comprising dosing the suspension with a flocculating amount of a first flocculant to form a thickened suspension and mixing into the thickened suspension a dewatering amount of a second flocculant and subjecting the thickened suspension to mechanical dewatering to form a cake, characterised in that the second flocculant comprises a water-soluble or water swellable polymer that is mixed into the suspension in the form of (i) substantially dry polymer particles or (ii) an aqueous composition comprising dissolved or hydrated polymer having a polymer concentration of at least 2% by weight and having a intrinsic viscosity of at least 3 dl/g.

Abstract: A process of dewatering an aqueous suspension employing a flocculating system comprising treating the suspension with a flocculating amount of a first flocculant and a dewatering amount of a second flocculant, and subjecting the suspension to mechanical dewatering to form a cake, wherein the first flocculant brings about flocculation and assists thickening of the suspension and the second flocculant further dewaters the suspension, characterized in that the second flocculant is a water-soluble or water swellable polymer that is mixed into the suspension in the form of aqueous composition comprising dissolved or hydrated polymer having a Brookfield viscosity of above 30,000 cps (measured at 20° C.).

Abstract: Methods are provided for treating suspensions of particles to improve the drainage rate and/or the solids content of flocs of the particles. The method includes the steps of (i) providing a suspension which comprises particles in a fluid; (ii) adding a cyclodextrin compound to the suspension; and (iii) dewatering the suspension by removing at least a portion of the fluid to form a cake comprising the particles. The cyclodextrin compound desirably is added in an amount effective to increase the dewatering rate of the flocs, to increase the solids content, or both, over that rate, solids content, or both, that would be obtained without the addition of the cyclodextrin compound. The suspension may be, for example, a biological or non-biological sludge, or a suspension of pulp fibers, such as in a pulping or papermaking process.

Abstract: Systems and methods for de-watering waste drilling fluid. In some embodiments, the de-watering system includes a drilling fluid reclamation system receiving the waste drilling fluid from a wellbore and removing at least some solids from the waste drilling fluid, a manifold combining the waste drilling fluid from the drilling fluid reclamation system and organic polymers, whereby an aggregated mixture of solids in the waste drilling fluid and water are formed, and a centrifuge receiving the aggregated mixture and separating the solids from the water in the aggregated mixture, whereby solid drilling fluid waste and substantially colloidal-free water are formed.

Abstract: A process of separating suspended solids from a fermentation liquor by subjecting the liquor to a solids-liquid separation stage, wherein the fermentation liquor is produced in a fermentation process for the production of a fermentation product, and which liquor comprises lignin, wherein the solids-liquid separation stage is assisted by a treatment system, characterized in that the treatment system comprises an anionic polymer, with the proviso that the treatment system and does not include a cationic polymer having an intrinsic viscosity (IV) of at least 4 dl/g.

Abstract: Water-soluble amino acid copolymers, modified polysaccharides, acrylamide polymers, and combinations thereof are described for use in flocculation of solids, particularly flocculation of soil, preferably in agricultural settings.

Abstract: Water-soluble amino acid copolymers, modified polysaccharides, acrylamide polymers, and combinations thereof, are described, for uses including flocculation of solids, particularly flocculation of soil, such as in an agricultural setting. Also described are methods of preparing selected amino acid copolymers and modified polysaccharides.

Abstract: The PAM delivery product is a solid form of polyacrylamide polymer (PAM). Among other things, the PAM delivery product can be used to prevent ruts formed during center-pivot irrigation, prevent erosion of irrigation ditches, clarify wastewater, and assist seed germination and seedling establishment. The PAM delivery product includes pure PAM and water to create a solid “loaf.” Water-soluble calcium (Ca) can also be added to the PAM delivery product depending on the specific application for the PAM delivery product. When Ca is used in the PAM delivery product, it is present in a 9:1 ratio to the PAM There are no fixing agents needed in the PAM delivery product; it is pure active ingredient.

Abstract: A process to improve the polymeric filtration aid performance used in removal of gypsum from phosphoric acid/gypsum slurry. A synergistic effect has been observed by using a Dual Injection method. This method more specifically involves using two polymers (A & B) of different chemistry and injecting into slurry at a different time. The polymer chemistry of filtration aid A is selected from the group consisting of non-ionic, and anionic polymers and the polymer chemistry of filtration aid B is selected from the group consisting of sulfonated polymers. The polymer (A & B) usage is reduced by around 50% and performance improved.

Abstract: A high molecular weight, water-soluble polymer comprising pendant salicylic acid groups and having a weight average molecular weight of at least about 2,000,000 daltons and use of the polymer for clarifying red mud-containing liquors generated in the Bayer process for the recovery of alumina from bauxite.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the accelerated dehydration of sludges in sludge disposal areas, especially of sludges from rivers and harbors, by the exclusive use of anionic polymer flocculants and the use of materials obtained according to the inventive method.

Abstract: Modified polysaccharides, acrylamide copolymers, water-soluble amino acid copolymers, and combinations thereof are described for uses including flocculation of solids, particularly flocculation of soil in an agricultural settings and clarification of process waters from oil-sands mining operations. Also described are methods of preparing selected amino acid copolymers and modified polysaccharides.

Abstract: Installation for flocculation of water or sludge loaded with suspended matter comprising in succession: a polymer storage hopper, a polymer grinding device, and a line, pipe or other conveyor for transferring the polymer solution to the water or the sludge to be treated. The grinder device includes a wetting cone in which the polymer is poured, and at the bottom end of the cone: a chamber for grinding and removing the dispersed polymer comprising: a rotor, a stator, and a ring fed by a secondary water circuit. A method implementing the installation is also provided.

Abstract: A method of processing oily sludge to remove a substantial proportion of the water and hydrocarbon content therefrom to form a solid cake of waste material that is suitable for disposal in land fill sites. The method involving, firstly promoting flocculation in a batch of waste material by mixing in a flocculating agent. The flocculated waste material is then pressing at a first pressure to extract substantially all the free water within the mixture. After the first pressing the waste material is subjected to a second pressing at a second pressure to extract a substantial proportion of hydrocarbon material and further water from the mixture, thus leaving a solid cake of waste material. The invention also considers additional processing steps to maximize the level of hydrocarbon material reclaimed from the waste material.

Abstract: A water-soluble interjacent complex that includes a first water-soluble polymer and one or more water-soluble monomers polymerized to form a second water-soluble polymer in the presence of the first water-soluble polymer. The water-soluble interjacent complex forms a solution in water that is free of insoluble polymer particles. The interjacent complexes may be used to treat a waste sludge by adding an effective amount thereof to the waste sludge. The interjacent complexes may also be used in making paper by adding an effective amount thereof to a pulp or a forming sheet at a suitable location on a paper making machine. The interjacent complexes may further be used as a rheology modifier in aqueous systems by adding an effective amount thereof to an aqueous medium to effect a desired viscosity, rheology, or flow curve property.

Abstract: A method dewatering thin stillage process streams generated in the processing of grain to ethanol comprising adding to the process streams an effective flocculating amount of an anionic copolymer comprising acrylic acid sodium salt, methacrylic acid sodium salt or 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt to form a mixture of water and flocculated solids; and separating the water from the flocculated solids using a dewatering device.

Abstract: A method of clarifying oily waste water comprising adding to the waste water an effective clarifying amount of one or more demulsifiers selected from the group consisting of dendritic polyamines, dendritic polyamidoamines and hyperbranched polyethyleneimines and the reaction products thereof with gluconolactone, alkylene oxides, salts of 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid, alkyl halides, benzyl halides and dialkyl sulfates.

Abstract: A process to improve the polymeric filtration aid performance used in removal of gypsum from phosphoric acid/gypsum slurry. A synergistic effect has been observed by using a Dual Injection method. This method more specifically involves using two polymers (A & B) of different chemistry and injecting into slurry at a different time. The polymer chemistry of filtration aid A is selected from the group consisting of non-ionic, anionic, and cationic polymers and the polymer chemistry of filtration aid B is selected from the group consisting of sulfonated polymers. The polymer (A & B) usage is reduced by around 50% and performance improved.

Abstract: A process for partial oxidation of a hydrocarbon gas or liquid, involving the steps of partial oxidation and removal of soot by forming a slurry having water and carbon from the gaseous oxidation product, and separating part of the water from the slurry to obtain a soot composition having less water, wherein the separation is performed by means of a decanter centrifuge.

Abstract: A method for separating a low biosolids suspension stream into biosolids and water whereby the biosolids contain the majority of the original beneficial nutrients, and the water is substantially free of components harmful to the environment is disclosed. The method relies on the use of a coagulant and a flocculent to bind the colloidal particles and a rotating screen drum separator. Examples detail a composition of manure stream treated with specific coagulant and flocculent that achieve high separation efficiencies and speeds. A composition for binding colloidal fines using a coagulant and flocculent in several industrial uses is also disclosed.

Abstract: A process to improve the polymeric filtration aid performance used in removal of gypsum from phosphoric acid/gypsum slurry. A synergistic effect has been observed by using a Dual Injection method. This method more specifically involves using two polymers (A & B) of different chemistry and injecting into slurry at a different time. The polymer chemistry of filtration aid A is selected from the group consisting of non-ionic, anionic, and cationic polymers and the polymer chemistry of filtration aid B is selected from the group consisting of sulfonated polymers. The polymer (A & B) usage is reduced by around 50% and performance improved.

Abstract: The invention is a process for treatment of brown grease, where the brown grease comprises water, food solids and free-oil. This process starts with the collection of the brown grease into a container. The brown grease's pH is adjusted with a chemical treatment to produce an adjusted brown grease phase. To the adjusted brown grease phase an anionic copolymer treatment mixture is added along with a cationic copolymer to form a reaction mixture. The reaction mixture reacts for a period of time, and during this time wastewater is discharged from the reaction mixture to produce resulting solids. The resulting solids are then transferred from the container for disposal or are processed further into a fuel or soil additive.

Abstract: The invention relates to cationic water-soluble polyelectrolytes, especially terpolymers, which are obtained by polymerising monomers of (meth)acrylamide, a quaternised (meth)acrylamide derivative, a (meth)acrylic acid derivative and/or hydrolysis-stable cationic monomers. The composition of the polyelectrolytes is characterised by a toxicity index formula Fi=(QTP?2QME)/10?1 wherein QTP represents the total cationic charge of the polymer and QME represents the charge part of the ester type monomer. The invention also relates to the production and use of said polyelectrolytes and water-in-water polymer dispersions which contain said polyelectrolytes.

Abstract: The disclosure is directed to methods of making and using a water treatment composition for improved water infiltration during irrigation of agriculture. These methods include combining additives with an aqueous fluid to create a treated irrigation water, wherein the additives comprise a preselected amount of a surfactant and a preselected amount of a displacement ion. The improved infiltration is obtained through a constant, or substantially constant, application of the treated irrigation water to the soil during the irrigation.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods and a device for the removal of non-water soluble substances from solutions of aqueous metal extracts, by addition of at least one water-soluble cationic polyelectrolyte, containing a diallylaminoalkyl(meth)acrylamide, neutralized or quaternised with mineral acid and subsequently polymerized, preferably dimethylaminopropylacrylamide.

Abstract: The invention relates to an amphoteric water-soluble polymer dispersion containing polymer particles with particle diameters of 100 ?m or smaller and produced by dispersion-copolymerization of a monomer mixture comprising a methacrylate monomer containing a quaternary ammonium salt group, an acrylate monomer containing a quaternary ammonium salt group, an anionic monomer, and a (meth)acrylamide in respectively ratios specified in an aqueous salt solution in the presence of a polymer dispersant soluble in the aqueous salt solution and the invention also relates to a dewatering agent for organic sludge, a pretreatment agent or yield improver for paper making raw materials, and/or a drainage properties-enhancing agent using the amphoteric water-soluble polymer.

Abstract: A method of enhancing the recovery of useful coal or potassium chloride from screenbowl centrifuge separation operations comprising adding to the screenbowl centrifuge, from about 0.005 lbs active polymer/ton dry solids in centrifuge to about 0.70 lbs active polymer/ton dry solids in centrifuge, of an anionic copolymer, wherein said anionic copolymer is selected from the group comprising copolymers of acrylamide and acrylic acid and the known salts thereof.

Abstract: A polymeric flocculant infused silt fence assembly comprising two opposing and attached geo-textile sheets, each adapted to filter entrained non-colloidal particles and together encasing a layer of polymeric flocculant material. In a preferred embodiment the polymeric flocculant material comprises anionic polyarylmide. A turbid water flow having a suspension of colloidal particles is flowed through the first geo-fabric sheet, which filters any entrained non-colloidal particles. The polymeric flocculant material coagulates a portion of the colloidal particles and forms flocs. The second geo-fabric sheet filters remaining entrained non-colloidal particles, including the coagulated flocs.

Abstract: A method of treating animal manure yielding a final liquid fraction and solid fractions whereby the final liquid fraction has a suspended solids (SS) content of about 3 g/L or lower comprising subjecting at least a part of said manure to a first biological passive flotation step in a flotation unit having a hydraulic residency time (HRT) of about 4 to about 24 hours with a polymer to yield a first flotation solid fraction and a first flotation liquid fraction, said method comprising a further treatment.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a novel method and system for enhancing the efficiency of hydraulic centrifugal separators (cyclones) in the removal of fine size particles from a liquid carrying medium. More particularly, it is concerned with improvements in the removal efficiency of any number of cyclonic devices that rely on the use of centrifugal force to separate fine size particles of differing density from the liquid carrying medium by addition of polymeric additives, both before, and, as necessary, inside the cyclone body.

Abstract: A method of enhancing the recovery of useful coal or potassium chloride or borax from screenbowl centrifuge separation operations comprising adding to the screenbowl centrifuge, from about 0.03 lbs active polymer/ton dry solids in centrifuge to about 0.70 lbs active polymer/ton dry solids in centrifuge, of a cationic terpolymer, wherein said cationic terpolymer is prepared by polymerizing from about 1 to about 99.1 mole percent of one or more cationic monomers, from about 0.1 to about 10 mole percent of one or more hydroxyalkyl(meth)acrylates and from one to about 98.1 mole percent of one or more nonionic monomers.

Abstract: A process of flocculating and dewatering an aqueous suspension of suspended solids comprising, introducing into the suspension, (a) substantially linear polymer, (b) structured polymer, characterised in that the polymers are introduced into the substrate sequentially. The process brings about improvements in filtration.

Abstract: A process is provided which can be used to clarify substantially aqueous streams and optionally separate biosolids, especially proteins, from food processing operations which comprises contacting an aqueous stream comprising biosolids with an anionic inorganic colloid and an organic polymer to flocculate the biosolids.

Abstract: The present invention includes a composition having detackifying and detoxifying properties such that the composition is useful for detackifying and detoxifying paint particles in spray booth water and for treating a paint booth dry filter to render the filter fire retardant, non-combustible and non-hazardous to enable disposal of a used dry filter in a standard landfill. The present invention also includes a method for the detackification and detoxification of oversprayed paint in a paint spray booth system wherein said oversprayed paint comes into contact with water of a waste water system.

Abstract: A method of treating an oil-containing waste water includes adding, where the waste water has been adjusted to have a pH between eight and twelve and have a temperature not higher than 50° C., a high-cationic flocculant consisting of a high-molecular material selected from among acrylamide-quaternized or salified dimethylaminoethyl acrylate or methacrylate copolymer, and acrylamide-quaternized or salified dimethylaminoethyl acrylate or methacrylate-acrylic acid copolymer, and which constitutes a plurality of polymerized units at least 60 mol % of which have respective cationic functional groups, to the waste water, such that a concentration of the flocculant in the waste water falls between 100 mg/L and 1,000 mg/L, so that at least one fouling component dispersed in the water is flocculated to form a sludge consisting of flocks of the at least one fouling component and thereby separate the at least one fouling component and the water.