Abstract: A sanitization apparatus includes an excimer lamp and a power converter. The power converter comprises a wide band gap device and a planar inductor. The wide band gap device is selectively switchable between a first mode wherein the inductor is electrically charged and a second mode wherein the inductor is electrically discharged. The wide band gap may be repeatedly switched between the first and second modes to generate a nano second pulse output voltage waveform.

Abstract: A dual-purpose household water purifier includes a main unit and an expansion unit which can be detachably connected. When the main unit is connected with the expansion unit, a booster pump can pressurize tap water entering a filter assembly. In the dual-purpose household water purifier, the main unit can be used as a non-electric drive water purifier. After the tap water enters the filter assembly and is filtered. The purified water flows into the purified water chamber of the pressure bucket, and the user takes the purified water. It is further provided an expansion unit. When the main unit is connected to the expansion unit, the booster pump can pressurize the pipeline, reducing application environmental restrictions on the water purifier. Through arrangement of the expansion unit, the water purifier can be operated in two operation modes of non-electric drive mode and electric drive mode.

Abstract: A water sterilization module includes a container including a water inlet and a water outlet and containing water therein, and a light source part mounted on a part of the container and irradiating sterilizing light into the container. The water inlet has a diameter larger than a diameter of the water outlet.

Abstract: A water container for purifying water. The water container includes an opening configured to receive water, a container body arranged to enclose the water and a water purifying unit configured to purify the water. The water purifying unit includes an at least partially transparent plate, which includes a coating of metal-oxide nanoparticles on a first side facing the container body, wherein the first side is configured to be in contact with the water, and an ultraviolet light module configured to radiate towards a second side of the at least partially transparent plate such that light from the ultraviolet light module at least partially passes through the at least partially transparent plate. Also, a method for purifying water within a water container.

Abstract: A disinfection system for treating water. In a specific example, the system treats water prior to its upload to an aircraft or other passenger transportation vehicle. One or more replaceable filters are positioned within a filter chamber housing in order to expose water flowing through the system to filtration treatment.

Abstract: A system and a method are for heat treatment of water of a vessel outside a fixed installation of the vessel. The water includes ballast water of the vessel and/or waste water from hull cleaning of the vessel. The system includes a system inlet; a system outlet; a heat application section; and a heat treatment piping system. A heat recovering section includes two parts for exchanging heat. The heat treatment piping system couples the system inlet to the system outlet via: one of the parts of the heat recovering section, the heat application section and the other part of the heat recovering section. The system does not form part of a fixed installation of the vessel.

Abstract: An Air-Water-Food-Fabric-Space-Utility sanitizer (all in one) comprises a detachable blower chamber, a detachable UVC lamp holder, a detachable UVC lamp chamber, a detachable water chamber and a detachable lid. Said invention transforms to an air purifier, a chamber-style sanitizer, or a stand-style sanitizer when one or more chambers are detached. Germicidal lamps surround a target such as air, water, food (meats, plants), fabric (masks, towels), space, utility and soil to kill pests, parasites, insects and pathogenic spores. Said invention also develops seed germination. Water converts gas (MVOC) to liquid and arrests airborne contaminants. A blower drives them to water to enable the use of optimal dosage of UVC light. By either UVC-irradiating water or oxidizing water, pathogens are destroyed in the water chamber. Filters activate spore dispersal when disposed by burning. By not using potentially hazardous waste or an air outlet, pathogenic spores cannot reproduce or return to the environment.

Abstract: A sterilizer may include: a first pipe having an inner wall with a light reflecting property; a second pipe disposed in the first pipe so as to pass fluid therethrough and formed of a light transmitting material; and a plurality of UV LEDs arranged on the inner wall of the first pipe and configured to irradiate sterilization UV light onto the fluid.

Abstract: A system including a tube for transferring fluid and a lighting assembly. The lighting assembly includes a housing having an opening that is configured to receive the tube and one or more light sources configured to emit high intensity narrow spectrum light in a direction towards the tube when the tube is received by the opening.

Abstract: A method of sanitising seawater at a subsea location comprises: exposing flow of seawater in a treatment reactor to UV radiation that sanitises the seawater without the addition of sanitising chemicals; and outputting the sanitised seawater from the reactor into a subsea structure such as a pipeline or a wellhead. The flow of seawater may be exposed to successive emitters of UV radiation such as pressure-compensated LEDs. The efficacy of sanitisation may be determined by: injecting a tracer fluid into the flow of seawater upstream of the reactor; and, downstream of the reactor, sensing transformation of the tracer fluid due to exposure of the tracer fluid to the UV radiation in the reactor.

Abstract: An internal ultraviolet-C light emitting diode antifouling system and method that include a waterproof, light transmissible potted enclosure; an object disposed within the waterproof, light transmissible potted enclosure; and at least one ultraviolet-C light emitting diode disposed within the waterproof, light transmissible enclosure, wherein the at least one ultraviolet-C light emitting diode is configured to emit light on the object, wherein the light is configured to prevent biofouling on the object.

Abstract: A surgical site infection management lighting system that is effective and safe for human use to reduce or eliminate surgical site infections. The system provides multiple focused electromagnetic radiation frequencies at minimal energy levels for surgical and medical procedures that kills pathogens with electromagnetic radiation sources. The system includes an aiming laser, a distance sensor, a camera for providing images of the surgical site, and a motion sensor for providing control parameters. Fused silica lenses are utilized to focus the visible light for high illumination and selected electromagnetic radiation frequencies at minimal energy levels that are lethal to pathogens. The lighting system can be associated with an articulable arm, a mobile base stand, a handheld unit or a head-mounted unit.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for comprehensive monitoring, analysis and maintenance of water and equipment in swimming pools, said method implemented by one or more processors operatively coupled to a non-transitory computer readable storage device, on which are stored modules of instruction code that when executed cause the one or more processors to perform: —accumulating and monitoring data from elements including at least one of: sensors, actuators, and breakers in and around the vicinity of the swimming pools; —accumulating non-sensory data from a plurality of sources at a local processing unit; —propagating said data to an online remote server, —applying machine learning or rule based algorithms at the online remote server configured to incorporate all the acquired data and obtain an optimal policy for pool maintenance by providing recommendations, control parameters, and —providing an online interface to access said recommendation/control parameters for at least one of: pool owners, pool serv

Abstract: A washing system includes a housing, a drain line, and a recirculation line. The housing receives, via a fluid inlet, fresh water during one or more wash cycles of a wash session. The drain line is coupled to the housing and includes a valve and is also configured to receive soiled water from the housing during the wash session. The recirculation line is coupled to and extends from the valve of the drain line and is configured to receive a portion of the soiled water via the valve. The recirculation line includes an integrated fluid sanitizer module configured to at least partially sanitize the portion of the soiled water, and the recirculation line is configured to deliver sanitized water from the integrated fluid sanitizer module to the fluid inlet of the housing.

Abstract: An ultraviolet (UV) light disinfection system for treating water prior to its delivery to a water usage device. One or more UV light emitting diodes (LEDs) are positioned within a water system floor interface in order to expose water flowing through the system to germicidal light treatment.

Abstract: Systems, apparatus and methods for disinfection of airflow. An apparatus for disinfecting air-conditioned airflow in a confined space includes: a modular housing; and a disinfection chamber enclosed within the housing. The disinfection chamber includes a plurality of disinfection sheets. Each disinfection sheet comprises a plurality of ultraviolet (UV) light sources. The airflow is configured to be routed along a serpentine pathway within the housing to expose microorganisms in the airflow to far UV-C light emitted by the UV light sources for an extended and optimal duration.

Abstract: A system and method for advanced oxidation (10) of treated sewage effluent provide additional treatment to treated sewage effluent (TSE) for reuse thereof. The method includes exposing TSE to ozone and hydrogen peroxide to oxidize contaminants; coagulating remaining waste in the TSE; flocculating the coagulated TSE; holding the flocculated treated sewage effluent in a settling tank for sedimentation; removing coarse suspended particles from the flocculated TSE by filtration after sedimentation; and removing fine suspended particles by ultrafiltration of the TSE after removing the coarse suspended particles. The system includes a chemical mixing tank (16); a homogenizing tank (22); an advanced oxidation process system (24); a rapid mixer; a flocculation tank (28); a sedimentation tank (32); a sand filter (34); and at least one ultrafiltration system (38), (36).

Abstract: Described herein includes sample liquid purification apparatus, systems, and techniques of use. The purification apparatus generally can operate to reduce a temperature of a precursor liquid within a beverage machine or appliance. For example, a thermally conductive body can define a heat sink having a tortuous path for propagation of the precursor therethough, facilitating temperature reduction. The purification apparatus can further generally operate to sanitize or otherwise reduce a level of contaminants in the precursor liquid. For example, an energy source, such as a light emitting diode, can be arranged or integrated with the thermally conductive body to emit ultraviolet radiation toward the precursor liquid within the thermally conductive body.

Abstract: A housing having an inner chamber; one or more channels within the housing; one or more inlet ports for allowing air into the one or more channels; each inlet port having a filter to filter air allowed into the one or more channels; the one or more channels connected so that the same air can flow through all of the one or more channels; a pool of electrolyzed high acidity water in the inner chamber of the housing; and wherein contaminants in air flowing through the one or more channels are configured to fall into the pool of electrolyzed water. The apparatus may further include an ultraviolet light source; wherein the ultraviolet light source is directed at air flowing in the one or more channels to cause contaminants in the air to be killed. A mask may be configured to attach and detach from the one or more channels.

Abstract: A method for controlling a liquid treatment apparatus of the present disclosure includes: (i) providing the liquid treatment apparatus; (ii) treating a polluted liquid in a photocatalytic reaction tank by a photocatalytic reaction to produce a treated liquid; (iii) introducing a liquid mixture into a separation tank from the photocatalytic reaction tank through a feed passage by a circulation pump; (iv) introducing a filtrate to an outside of the separation tank through an extraction passage while filtering the liquid mixture introduced into the separation tank by a filtration membrane, and feeding the liquid mixture to the photocatalytic reaction tank through an overflow passage; and (v) making a flow rate of the liquid mixture measured by a liquid mixture flow meter higher than a flow rate of the filtrate measured by a filtrate flow meter by controlling the circulation pump by a controller.

Abstract: A reactor system for treating contaminated water is disclosed. The reactor system includes a reactor vessel having first and second end portions and an internal reactor volume defined by interior surfaces of the reactor vessel. A fluoropolymer coating is applied over at least a portion of the interior surfaces of the reactor vessel. The reactor system also includes a water inlet disposed in the first end portion and a water outlet disposed in the second end portion. At least one ultraviolet light-emitting diode (LED) is included and disposed so as to project ultraviolet light into the reactor vessel. A plurality of photo-catalyst substrates are also disposed within the internal reactor volume of the reactor vessel. Each of these substrates includes a coating of titanium dioxide applied to an outer surface of a substrate. A method for remediating contaminated water is also disclosed.

Abstract: A fluid sterilization device includes: a housing formed with a processing passage for sterilizing a fluid passing through the processing passage; a light source that radiates ultraviolet toward the processing passage; and a transmissive member provided between the light source and the processing passage and transmitting the ultraviolet light radiated by the light source. The transmissive member is a one-piece component including: a focusing part that focuses the ultraviolet light radiated by the light source toward the processing passage by refracting or reflecting the ultraviolet light; an exit part that guides the ultraviolet light transmitted through the focusing part toward the processing passage, and a supported part formed on an outer circumference of the exit part to be contiguous with the exit part, and supported by the housing. The exit part is exposed to the processing passage.

Abstract: A water treatment device includes: a dual-pipe structure unit including an outer pipe, an inner pipe provided in the outer pipe, and a prevention member provided between the outer pipe and the inner pipe; and a light source unit radiating ultraviolet light in the axial direction to irradiate water subject to treatment flowing in the inner pipe. The inner pipe includes an opposing end facing the light source unit across a gap and an inflow end positioned opposite to the opposing end. The outer pipe includes an outflow port provided on an outer circumferential surface of the outer pipe. The water subject to treatment flowing out of the inner pipe via the gap flows out from the outflow port.

Abstract: Apparatus is provided having a signal processor or signal processing module configured to receive signaling containing information about the quality of water in a ballast water tank recirculation treatment system, e.g., in a vessel, boat or ship; and determine information about a variable fluorescence treatment to the water in the ballast water tank recirculation treatment system, based at least partly on the signaling received, as well as provide corresponding signaling containing information about the variable fluorescence treatment. The apparatus may include a variable fluorescence device configured to receive the corresponding signaling and provide the variable fluorescence treatment, including providing ultraviolet (UV) light to the water in the ballast water tank recirculation treatment system.

Abstract: A sterilizer may include: a first pipe having an inner wall with a light reflecting property; a second pipe disposed in the first pipe so as to pass fluid therethrough and formed of a light transmitting material; and a plurality of UV LEDs arranged on the inner wall of the first pipe and configured to irradiate sterilization UV light onto the fluid.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention relate to a ballast water treatment system and method onboard ships or sea-going vessels. The system includes a filtration system, a UV disinfection system and a biofouling control system, which is adapted to provide continuous control of multiplication of marine organisms even during an absence of a ballasting and a de-ballasting process.

Abstract: In various embodiments, a fluid is treated by flowing the fluid through a flow cell having (i) a fluid entry, (ii) a fluid exit, (iii) a treatment region disposed between the fluid entry and exit, and (iv) an interior surface reflective to ultraviolet (UV) light, and diffusively reflecting UV light emitted from one or more UV light sources to illuminate the treatment region substantially uniformly, thereby treating the fluid.

Abstract: A water conditioning composition includes water; at least one gluconate compound; at least one carbonate compound; a non-ionic preservative; and a phosphate buffer. For example, the composition can include 87-95 wt. % water; 0.5 to 1.5 wt. % gluconate compound; 3 to 8 wt. % carbonate compound; 0.5 to 1.5 wt. % non-ionic preservative; and 0.5 to 2.5 wt. % phosphate buffer.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention include an elongate chamber. A UV source includes a semiconductor device, the semiconductor device including an active layer disposed between an n-type region and a p-type region. The active layer emits radiation having a peak wavelength in a UV range. The semiconductor device is positioned on a wall of the elongate chamber. An inner surface of the elongate chamber is reflective.

Abstract: A storage container includes an input portion for receiving and filtering a source liquid to form an output liquid, a storage portion for storing the filtered liquid, and a base portion disposed below the storage portion including a UV light source for providing transmitted UV light to the filtered liquid, a UV light detector disposed an optical path length away from the UV light source for detecting received UV light through the filtered liquid in response to the transmitted UV light, a processor for determining an absorption or a transmission percentage in response to the transmitted UV light and the received UV light, for determining a safe condition, in response to the absorption or the transmission percentage respectively not exceeding or exceeding predetermined criteria, and one or more indicators for indicating that the liquid is safe for consumption to a user, in response to the safe condition.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for treating dishware, in which the method comprises the steps of providing a treatment composition comprising a photoactive component, contacting in an appliance the treatment composition with the dishware, and irradiating the treatment composition with visible light. The step of irradiating the treatment composition with visible light is performed with a source of light that is tool free insertable into and removable from the appliance.

Abstract: In a water treatment apparatus, a tilted plate is disposed at an incline relative to a horizontal plane. Water to be treated is passed over the upper surface of the tilted plate. A discharge forming body is disposed across a gas layer above a water film formed by the water to be treated flowing over the tilted plate. A droplet forming apparatus exerts power on the water film so that at least some of the water to be treated shoots upward in the form of droplets.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus for water descaling. The system comprises hydrodynamic cavitation reactors with a cavitator selected from the group consisting of an orifice plate, venturi and a rotating cavitator, in combination with an infrared radiation emitter. Combination of hydrodynamic cavitation reactor with infrared radiation achieves effective salt precipitation from the hard water with reduced pressure drop and reduced number of recirculation, resulting in higher savings due to reduced energy costs.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for measuring hydrogen peroxide concentration in water to an accuracy of 0.1 ppm comprises a colorimetric assay method to determine hydrogen peroxide concentration. The assay is monitored spectophotometrically at a desired wavelength. Each sample is corrected relative to a control sample and hydrogen peroxide concentration determined with respect to a standard curve.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide methods of removing ions from a feed water stream using a flow-through capacitor and a controller for performing the methods. A target value for a water property concentration or a fixed percent removal of a water property concentration to be removed is established for a treated water stream exiting the flow-through capacitor. A feed value for the water property concentration is measured in a feed water stream entering the flow-through capacitor. An amperage of the flow-through capacitor and a flow rate through the flow-through capacitor is controlled to remove ions from the feed water stream to achieve the desired removal of the water property.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for destroying organic contaminants in a fluid. At least one oxidant is added to a contaminated fluid, which is then irradiated with ultraviolet radiation. The oxidant is preferably chlorine-based and generated on-site. The intensity of the radiation is higher than typical AOP processes. Various process parameters, such as the pH and/or flow rate of the contaminated fluid, and/or the relative intensities of various UV wavelength sources, are varied in response to measuring quality indicators.

Abstract: A centrifugation device includes a feeding tube defining a longitudinal axis, and a plurality of centrifugal plates extending longitudinally and radially around the feeding tube and rotatable about the longitudinal axis. The centrifugal plates have coarse surfaces coated with one or more layers of polymer material. A centrifugation tank is disposed coaxially with the feeding tube and around the centrifugal plates. A sidewall of the tank is provided with micro/nano filters. Methods for isolation of algal biomass from an algae and aqueous mixture, and extraction of oil from kitchen residue and/or microalgae are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for heating volumes of media (11) in a closed receptacle (10) by means of an electromagnetic radiation (2), wherein a database (4) is prepared based on measurements of reference receptacles, and irradiation regimes are selected or generated using the database (4) and used for heating the media (11). The invention further relates to an apparatus for carrying out the method.

Abstract: A photo-catalyzing fluid mobilizing system and method are disclosed. A chamber has a power source. A fluid mobilizer is mounted in the chamber and connected with the power source to mobilize a fluid through the chamber. The fluid mobilizer includes one or more fan blades that are coated with a photo catalyst. A UV light source is mounted in the chamber proximate the fluid mobilizer and connected with the power source to catalyze the photo catalyst coating the blades to purifier the fluid being mobilized thereover.

Abstract: A system for performing ozone water treatment comprises a voltage supply circuit and a plasma eductor reactor. The voltage supply circuit includes an H-bridge controller and driver, a transformer, and an output port. The H-bridge controller and driver are configured to switch the electrical polarity of a pair of terminals. A primary of the transformer is connected to the H-bridge driver and controller. A secondary of the transformer connects in parallel with a first capacitor and in series with an inductor and a second capacitor. The output port connects in parallel with the second capacitor. The plasma eductor reactor includes an electric field generator, a flow spreader, and a diffuser. The electric field generator includes a pair of electrodes that generate an electric field. The flow spreader supplies a stream of oxygen. The diffuser supplies a stream of water. The streams of water and oxygen pass through the electric field.

Abstract: A ballast water treatment apparatus includes a discharge path for discharging ballast water from a ballast tank that stores the ballast water, an ultraviolet irradiation device that includes an ultraviolet lamp and that irradiates the ballast water passing through the discharge path with ultraviolet light, a circulation path formed so that the ballast water circulates therethrough and is irradiated with ultraviolet light emitted from the ultraviolet lamp, a switching portion for switching a path through which the ballast water flows between the circulation path and the discharge path, and a control device that controls the switching portion so that the ballast water flows through the circulation path during a switching-on process of the ultraviolet lamp and controls the switching portion so that the ballast water flows through the discharge path when the switching on of the ultraviolet lamp is completed.

Abstract: A device for disinfecting of gases and/or liquids, includes a tube of UV-transparent glass having a hollow interior space and a tube wall with a tube inside wall and a tube outside wall, as well as at least one UV-light source. The UV-transparent glass tube has an indentation extending into the interior space on at least one location and in the at least one indentation at least one UV-light source is arranged. The geometry causes the UV-light sources to be closer to the medium to be disinfected, so that a large portion of the UV-light reaches the interior space on a direct path through the glass, thus allowing for a low-loss transfer of the UV-light.

Abstract: Provided is a compact ultraviolet irradiation apparatus using ultraviolet light-emitting devices such as ultraviolet LEDs that can irradiate high intensity ultraviolet rays. This ultraviolet irradiation apparatus including a light source for emitting ultraviolet rays; and a light condenser for condensing the ultraviolet rays emitted from the light source, the light source is a modularized rod-like light source (110) where a plurality of ultraviolet light-emitting devices is disposed on a side surface of a cylindrical or polygonal columnar base such that a light axis of each ultraviolet light-emitting device passes through a center axis of the cylindrical or polygonal columnar base to emit the ultraviolet rays radially to the center axis, the rod-like light source is disposed on a focal axis (121) of a long elliptical reflective mirror (120) to condense ultraviolet rays radially emitted from the rod-like light source, and the condensed ultraviolet rays are irradiated.

Abstract: The disclosed principles employ a UV reactor design for photo-based treatment of contaminated fluid media using a concentric single light source/single sleeve design, with multiple such concentric light source/sleeve units placed in parallel. In one embodiment, such a reactor may comprise an inlet manifold and an outlet manifold, and a plurality of tubular chambers connecting the inlet manifold to the outlet manifold. A plurality of such irradiating units are located within corresponding ones of the tubular chambers such that a fluid path is provided between each of the transparent sleeves and its corresponding tubular chamber where the contaminated fluid is irradiated as it passes through the chambers. The inlet ends of all of the chambers are connected to a single fluid intake manifold. This design allows the contaminated fluid pressure and flow to be evenly distributed among all of the fluid chambers via the intake manifold.

Abstract: In one of its aspects, the present invention relates to a fluid treatment system comprising: an inlet; an outlet; a fluid treatment zone disposed between the inlet and the outlet. The fluid treatment zone: (i) comprises a first wall surface and a second wall surface opposed to the first wall surface, and (ii) having disposed therein at least one array of rows of radiation source assemblies. Each radiation source assembly has a longitudinal axis transverse to a direction of fluid flow through the fluid treatment zone and each of the first wall surface and the second wall surface comprises a first fluid deflector element and a second fluid deflector element. The first fluid deflector element projecting into the fluid treatment zone to a greater extent than the second fluid deflector element.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and apparatus for decolorization of reactive anthraquinone dye-containing wastewater using photocatalytic oxidation, which include inducing high-efficiency photocatalytic oxidation under a controlled salt concentration and pH of wastewater to perform effective decolorization of reactive anthraquinone dye-containing wastewater. The method for decolorization of reactive anthraquinone dye-containing wastewater using photocatalytic oxidation, includes: introducing a photocatalyst and salt into reactive anthraquinone dye-containing wastewater and adjusting pH of the wastewater to a level higher than neutral pH; and irradiating UV to the photocatalyst to carry out cleavage of the reactive anthraquinone dyes through photocatalytic oxidation, thereby accomplishing decolorization of wastewater.

Abstract: Disclosed fluid purification systems can comprise a treatment vessel configured to contain a fluid to be purified, a source of ultraviolet radiation with at least 50% of its emitted spectral energy at wavelengths between 315 nm and 400 nm positioned exterior to the treatment vessel, and a portion of a wall of said treatment vessel that is substantially transparent to the ultraviolet radiation emitted by the source of ultraviolet radiation, located so that at least 50% of the ultraviolet radiation propagates through the substantially transparent portion of the wall and is configured to propagate into fluid to be treated within the vessel for the purpose of killing or disabling pathogenic microorganisms in the fluid.

Abstract: A reactor that operates with ultraviolet light emitting diodes (UV-LEDs) to attain UV photoreactions or UV photo-initiated reaction in a fluid flow for various applications, including water purification. The UV-LED reactor is comprised of a conduit means for passing fluid flow, an ultraviolet light emitting diode (UV-LED), and a radiation-focusing element to focus the UV-LED radiation to the fluid in the longitudinal direction of the conduit. The UV-LED reactor may include photocatalysts or chemical oxidants, which are activated by UV emitted by UV-LEDs for photocatalytic and photo-initiated reactions.

Abstract: A tap for sterilising water, the tap comprising an inlet, a source of ultraviolet radiation, a sterilisation zone and an outlet, the outlet consisting of one aperture through which the water exits the device, wherein the source of UV radiation is positioned in the sterilisation zone such that substantially all of the internal surfaces of the outlet portion can be directly irradiated by the source of ultraviolet radiation, and wherein the source of ultraviolet radiation and the aperture are arranged such that no ultraviolet radiation can be transmitted directly from the source of ultraviolet radiation through the aperture to leave the device.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device and also a method for determining the degree of disinfection, and for determining the time point when a defined degree of disinfection is reached by a liquid, in particular drinking water, that is situated in a container which is light-permeable at least in a UV range.