Abstract: A vehicle including: (a) a water generator configured to generate water; (b) a water storage container configured to store the water that the water generator generates; (c) an ultraviolet light emitter configured to emit ultraviolet light into the water storage container; (d) a sensor configured to detect the ultraviolet light that the ultraviolet light emitter has emitted; and (e) a human-machine interface configured to issue a notification to a user of the vehicle regarding the ultraviolet light emitter. The sensor can detect a wavelength range of the ultraviolet light that the ultraviolet light emitter has emitted. The sensor can detect an intensity of the ultraviolet light at a predetermined wavelength or wavelength range that the ultraviolet light emitter has emitted. The vehicle further comprises a controller in communication with the ultraviolet light emitter, the sensor, and the human-machine interface.

Abstract: A method and washer head assembly for washing a surface of a solar panel, includes lowering a washer head frame onto a solar panel. The washer head frame includes a washer frame cross member having a swivel mounted thereon. The swivel is mounted below a center of gravity. The frame includes a top frame rail and a bottom frame rail. A plurality of lath brushes together extend, generally, the length of the washer head frame. The lath brushes are made up to include a plurality of bristles being of sufficient number to support the washer head frame against the surface of the solar panel without damage to the solar panel. The lightness of the frame and the resilience of the brush bristles assure that the washer head frame will not come into damaging contact with the solar panel.

Abstract: A transportable system for creating an oxidation reduction potential (ORP) in water employs a pipe assembly for in-line mixing. The pipe assembly includes a first flow path for water to flow through. The first flow path includes one or more ozone intake ports that are fluidically coupled to one or more ozone output ports of an ozone supply unit. The pipe assembly further includes a second flow path fluidically coupled in parallel with the first flow path. The second flow path includes a control valve that selectively permits a portion of the water to flow through the second flow path to produce a negative pressure in the first flow path so that ozone is drawn into the first flow path through the one or more ozone intake ports and mixed into the water flowing through the first flow path.

Abstract: There is provided an in-liquid plasma device including a tubular flow channel in which a liquid flow, and a cavitation generator and a voltage application unit which are disposed in the tubular flow channel. The cavitation generator generates cavitation in the liquid inside the tubular flow channel. The voltage application unit is located in the tubular flow channel so as to generate plasma by applying a voltage to the liquid in which the cavitation is generated. The cavitation generator has a throttle portion whose inner diameter is smaller than other sites in the tubular flow channel. The throttle portion has an upstream side inclined surface located on an upstream side of a narrowest site of the throttle portion, and a downstream side inclined surface located on a downstream side of the narrowest site of the throttle portion.

Abstract: In various embodiments, a fluid is treated by flowing the fluid through a flow cell having (i) a fluid entry, (ii) a fluid exit, (iii) a treatment region disposed between the fluid entry and exit, and (iv) an interior surface reflective to ultraviolet (UV) light, and diffusively reflecting UV light emitted from one or more UV light sources to illuminate the treatment region substantially uniformly, thereby treating the fluid.

Abstract: A device for purifying a fluid is disclosed. The aforesaid device comprises: (a) a passage adapted for conducting a flow of the fluid, said passage provided with input and output openings; (b) a plurality of elongate members coated with a titanium oxide disposed within the passage; (c) fastening means for mechanically fixating terminals of the elongate members within the passage; (d) at least one source of ultraviolet radiation adapted for illuminating the elongate members; (e) pumping means adapted for generating the fluid flow through the passage from the input opening to the output opening. The fastening means comprises at least two fasteners. Each fastener comprises two mutually orthogonal spaced apart pluralities of parallel rods. The rods are adapted for restricting lateral displacement of the elongate members.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus for the treatment of liquids, comprising a filter module with a filter, an inlet for liquid, a first outlet for liquid and a second outlet for filtered liquid, wherein the inlet and the first outlet are positioned on a first side of the filter, and the second outlet is positioned on the second side of the filter, a first UV-treatment module with a first UV-light source, wherein the first UV-treatment module is connected with the first outlet of the filter module and adapted to receive liquid from the filter module, and to expose said liquid to UV-light from the first UV-light source, and a second UV-treatment module with a second UV-light source, wherein the second UV-treatment module is connected with the second outlet of the filter module adapted to receive filtered liquid from the filter module, and to expose said liquid to UV-light from the second UV-light source.

Abstract: A pre-treatment method injecting sulfur dioxide into waters containing suspended solids to undergo ultra violet disinfection to form sulfurous acid (H2SO3) to self-agglomerate and precipitate solids from the wastewater for settling or filtration removal and provide acid to reduce bicarbonate and mineral scaling and microbial buildup on ultraviolet light tubes to improve their performance.

Abstract: Improved fluid sanitization assemblies are provided. More particularly, the present disclosure provides improved fluid/water sanitization assemblies utilizing UV light and/or ozone. The UV light and/or ozone can be generated via light emitting diodes (“LEDs”) (e.g., via UV LEDs). In certain embodiments, by emitting light at a wavelength of about 250 nm to about 270 nm (e.g., 253.7 nm), the fluid sanitization assemblies thereby disinfect and/or sanitize fluid/water. The present disclosure provides for a fluid sanitization assembly including a pressure vessel configured and dimensioned to house fluid; a plurality of light emitting diodes (“LEDs”) mounted with respect to the pressure vessel, each LED mounted with respect to the pressure vessel via an optic member; wherein each optic member is configured and dimensioned to focus and direct UV light emitted from its associated LED to the fluid within the pressure vessel for sanitization purposes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for purifying water, without the addition of salts, for treating swimming pool water, which comprises the simultaneous application of electrolysis and ultraviolet radiation techniques on the water to be treated, which takes place in a single reactor. It also relates to a reactor for purifying water, without the addition of salts, according to the preceding method comprising, within a tubular body, at least one bundle of electrodes with at least two electrodes each, at least two ultraviolet lamps, and a water inlet connection and a water outlet connection.

Abstract: The present invention describes an apparatus and method for creating dense nano-multi molecular packing of gaseous molecules concentrated in liquid solutions and the ionization of the resultant dense gaseous nano-multi-molecular molecules forming a concentration of free-radicals saturating liquid solutions without cavitation of nuclei and without bubbles for the dissolution, destruction, disinfection and remediation of biological, chemical and electrochemical threats and contaminants.

Abstract: A method of treating water in order to minimize scaling and biomass buildup in water conduits or containers in which the treated water is used includes processing ambient air in a chamber including at least one ultraviolet light source to generate an output flow mixture of air and reactive oxygen species (ROS) gasses, controlling the at least one ultraviolet light source, a flow rate of the output flow mixture and an ROS gas ratio in the output flow mixture, mixing a water flow with the output flow mixture to realize a flow of water/ROS gas mixture and outputting the flow of water/ROS gas mixture as the treated water. Preferably, the processing includes generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) gasses in the output flow mixture including at least one of Super Oxide (O2?) Peroxide (—O2—), Hydroperoxide (HO2?), Hydroxyl Radicals (OH.), Ozone (O3?) and Molecular Oxygen (O2).

Abstract: A chlorine based biofouling control subsystem is utilized to facilitate shipboard water management systems such as ballast water management that employ filters. The biofouling control system can serve as a subsystem to promote antifouling and reduce the filter clogging due to biofouling, which improves the efficiency and effectiveness of the ballast water treatment management system. An antifouling agent of the biofouling control system breaks up the dense colonies of marine organisms being filtered or treated by the main water management systems.

Abstract: A method and energy-efficient apparatus for the treatment of liquids through the joint use of a gas mixture-oxidizing agent and UV radiation. This method uses an excimer UV lamp performing two actions affecting the liquid and changing its properties with UV radiation and the generation of a gas mixture containing strong oxidizing agents for influence on the liquid, disinfection and purification of the liquid being treated from contaminants. The apparatus incorporates energy efficient design features to reduce energy consumption and operational costs, as well as an excimer lamp design that improves performance parameters to surpass and outlast existing devices. Unique electrode designs, cleaning systems, and materials combine to create a state-of-the-art liquid treatment apparatus that exceeds existing industrial analogs and norms.

Abstract: Methods for modifying the physical, chemical and/or biological properties of a fluid by irradiation are provided. In one embodiment, a method comprising supplying a flow of a fluid to an irradiation chamber; focusing the flow of the fluid so as to create at least one fluid layer; and applying radiation to the fluid layer in a defined portion of the irradiation chamber thereby modifying at least one physical, chemical or biological property of the fluid layer is provided. Systems for the implementation of such methods are also provided.

Abstract: Systems and methods have been developed for treating waste water and produced water, so as to remove contaminants therefrom. The systems and methods allow specifically for the removal of contaminants from produced water from oil and gas wells, fracturing flow-back water, and water- or brine-based drilling fluids. The water is treated by contacting the contaminated fluid with ozone after contacting the fluid with a diffused air system to generate small bubbles for entrainment of some contaminants. Thereafter, the water is contacted with an electro-coagulation system in order to remove flocculants and adjust the pH and the total dissolved solids levels of the fluid.

Abstract: A water treatment device and methods of treating water such as cooling tower water, agricultural water, water used in the production of oil and/or gas, swimming pool water, and hot tub or spa water, are described. The water treatment device utilizes ultraviolet radiation, a magnetic field, and ozone fortified air to treat the water, typically resulting in reduced microbial contamination and reduced alkalinity in cooling tower water. Cooling tower water may consequently be run at higher cycles of concentration while reducing or eliminating deposition of minerals on cooling tower components. Swimming pool water and hot tub water treated with the water treatment device typically requires less chlorine, and chlorine levels are typically more stable than without the device.

Abstract: A UV disinfection system and methods of UV disinfection are provided. The disinfection system may include a UV transparent conduit to carry a flowing liquid to be disinfected, the conduit having an inlet to receive the liquid and an outlet to discharge the liquid and two or more radiation sources positioned within the conduit substantially perpendicular to the axis of symmetry of the conduit. The walls of the conduit may be coated with a reflective coating acting as a back-surface mirror for enhancing the performance of the disinfection system.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for the efficient purification of aqueous liquids comprising an ionic solute. The liquids are purified by a plurality supercapacitor desalination units working in tandem; a first unit operating in “charge” mode, deionizing the feed solution and producing a purified product liquid, while a second supercapacitor desalination unit is operated in “discharge” mode, releasing ions into a circulating stream and producing a concentrate. The output of the first desalination unit is removed as a purified product stream. The output of the second desalination unit is a concentrate, which is directed to a common precipitation unit where a portion of the ionic solute is precipitated and separated from the remaining liquid phase, which may be recirculated to the second desalination unit. The use of two supercapacitor desalination units operating out of phase allows the common precipitation unit to be operated continuously under steady state conditions.

Abstract: This invention relates in part to a method for preparing a pressure vessel for receiving high purity acetylene at elevated pressure. The method involves providing a porous filler-containing pressure vessel, deep cleaning the porous filler-containing pressure vessel, purifying a solvent, and charging the purified solvent into the deep cleaned, porous filler-containing pressure vessel. The pressure vessel is then charged with high purity acetylene for storage, transport and/or delivery of the high purity acetylene. The high purity acetylene may be useful as a source material for depositing carbon and carbon-containing films in semiconductor applications.

Abstract: A pressurized water tank having a head space includes a pump for recirculating the water through a nozzle disposed in the head space. The out flowing stream of water will entrain air and cause mixing of air entrained water with the remaining water in the tank. To enhance air entrainment and convey the air entrained water to a location well below the water level, the stream of water is injected into a vertical venturi tube. The entrained air will have an oxidizing effect upon organic matter and also cause circulation of the water within the tank. To enhance oxidation of organic and inorganic matter, a UV lamp may be located in the head space to convert oxygen molecules in the air into ozone molecules. Such ozone molecules would be entrained in the stream of water flowing out of the nozzle and into the tube and have a strong oxidizing effect upon organic and inorganic matter.

Abstract: Simultaneous application of ozone and ultraviolet light (UV185 and UV254) in water to be purified will create hydroxyl radicals, which combination will cause conversion of AS (III) that may be present to As (V), oxidation of inorganic matter such as manganese, sulfur, phosphorus and organic matter and provide virucidal and germicidal effects to purify the water.

Abstract: This invention relates in part to a method for preparing a pressure vessel for receiving high purity acetylene at elevated pressure. The method involves providing a porous filler-containing pressure vessel, deep cleaning the porous filler-containing pressure vessel, purifying a solvent, and charging the purified solvent into the deep cleaned, porous filler-containing pressure vessel. The pressure vessel is then charged with high purity acetylene for storage, transport and/or delivery of the high purity acetylene. The high purity acetylene may be useful as a source material for depositing carbon and carbon-containing films in semiconductor applications.