Abstract: A method for removal of oxygen dissolved in water, especially from reservoir drinking water, and for preservation purposes based on hydrazine, having no organic activators and assuring a high reaction velocity with respect to dissolved oxygen within a broad pH-range at low temperature and without a time-dependent reduction of its effectiveness.Cationic and anionic complexes of trivalent cobalt with inorganic ligands, or mixtures thereof, are used as activators. Preferred activators are (Co(NH.sub.3).sub.5 Cl)Cl.sub.2 and Na.sub.3 Co(NO.sub.2).sub.6.Hydrazine solutions with these activators are suitable for the removal of oxygen from gases.

Abstract: A condensate which contains cyanide ions, hydrogen sulfide and ammonia is first partly purified by stripping with water vapor and stripped-off gases are then scrubbed with an absorbent. The laden absorbent contains 50 to 300 grams ammonia and 10 to 100 grams hydrogen sulfide and is at a temperature of 70.degree. to 150.degree. C. and has a pH value of at least 9. Sulfur is added to the condensate or the laden aqueous absorbent in a quantity which is at least 0.8 times the quantity that is stoichiometrically required to convert the cyanide ions to thiocyanate ions. The sulfur may be produced from hydrogen sulfide and oxygen, preferably in the presence of an oxidation catalyst. Alternatively, the sulfur may be added to a liquid which contains 10 to 400 grams ammonia and/or ammonium ions per liter so that ammonium polysulfide is formed. That solution is mixed with the liquid that contains cyanide ions.

Abstract: The method for improving the initial activity of activated hydrazine, is used as corrosion protection for reservoir drinking water and for the wet preservation of installation parts, which are no longer being used. It is the goal of the invention to improve the initial activity of hydrazine solutions, which are activated with complexes of trivalent cobalt, with respect to oxygen dissolved in water, and to lower the activator concentration; the object of the invention being to use a suitable coactivator. The object is accomplished in that the activator-rich hydrazine solution additionally contains 2-amino-4-nitrophenol or 2-acetamino-4-nitrophenol or mixtures thereof as coactivator.

Abstract: The invention makes possible a coking operation largely or completely eliminating waste water by converting the gas condensates obtained from the coking plant by a reverse osmosis process into a permeate which can be recycled to the coking operation, and a concentrated lye.

Abstract: The removal of dissolved oxygen from aqueous systems, such as steam generating systems, thereby inhibiting the corrosion of metal surfaces by adding to the system a composition in which the effective component is an oxime of the formula: ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are the same or different and are selected from hydrogen, lower alkyl groups of 1-8 carbon atoms and aryl groups.

Abstract: An elongated casing is provided and is closed at one end. A fluid pressure actuated elongated internal vibrator of the type including an internal fluid pressure driven eccentric weight orbital about an axis extending centrally longitudinally through the vibrator is provided and is loosely telescoped into the other end of the casing. The other casing end is tightly closed about the adjacent end of the internal vibrator and the interior of the casing is filled with a hard fluent aggregate disposed about the vibrator and a pair of annular members are tightly mounted upon and extend about longitudinally spaced portions of the vibrator and include outer peripheral portions spaced inward of the inner surfaces of the casing. The vibrator and its surrounding aggregate filled casing may be suspended in a tank containing well effluent of the type comprising water and oil and having gas suspended therein.

Abstract: An oxygen-scavenging and corrosion-inhibiting agent for fluidic systems comprising an aminoguanidine compound selected from the formula: ##STR1## or a salt thereof, wherein R is selected from H or a lower alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; wherein X is selected from NH or NNH.sub.2 ; and Y is selected from --NH.sub.2 or --NHNH.sub.2.

Abstract: A method of stripping volatile contaminants from ammonia plant process condensate and recovering a stripped process condensate and using same as a high quality makeup water for operating units within the ammonia process which comprises:(a) feeding ammonia plant process condensate to the upper stages of an evaporative stripping tower equipped with a collection basin, and(b) allowing said condensate to flow downwardly against an upward flow of air, and(c) operating the evaporative stripping tower in at least a once-through manner, and(d) collecting the stripped process condensate in the evaporative tower collection basin, and(e) recovering the stripped process condensate from the evaporative tower basin, and(f) reusing this stripped process condensate as water makeup for other process operating units.

Abstract: An improved process for the removal of urea, ammonia, and carbon dioxide from dilute aqueous solutions thereof by hydrolyzing the urea, and thereafter desorbing ammonia and carbon dioxide. The dilute solution containing urea is passed into the top portion of a reaction column and caused to flow downward and countercurrent to a heating and stripping gas while maintaining the reaction column at a pressure of between about 10 and 30 bar, and a top column temperature of between about 170.degree. and 220.degree. C. and a bottom column temperature of between about 180.degree. and 230.degree. C. The resulting liquid stream removed from the bottom of the reaction column, comprised of a substantially urea-free aqueous solution of ammonia and carbon dioxide, is introduced into a desorption zone wherein, at a pressure of between about 1 and 5 bar, ammonia and carbon dioxide are removed therefrom.

Abstract: An improved method of treating boiler water which employs an oxygen scavenging compound and a compound to control pH together with a chelating agent, wherein the chelating agent is hydroxyethylethylenediaminetriacetic acid.

Abstract: A process for the elimination of ammonia in waste waters from a coke oven battery wherein ammonia-containing waste water or ammonia-containing vapor obtained by means of ammonia separation from the waste water are mixed with flue gas from the coke oven battery and sprayed into a NO.sub.x reactor at an elevated temperature with the resulting mixture being subjected to a catalytic redox reaction.

Abstract: A system and process for treating oil well discharge pit liquors mixes successive portions of the watery layer of such liquors with surface active agents and sprays the resultant mixture in the air so that a large portion thereof is rapidly evaporated and the non-evaporated portion is applied to one or more of the walls of the pit as a spray. The watery spray particles so applied reversibly enter the interparticulate spaces in the pit walls without disturbing the capillary characteristics thereof and are subsequently evaporated. The penetration of such liquor from the spray into the pit wall is monitored to control (a) the amount of surface active agent added to the liquor, (b) the amount and rate of the spray of the liquid to the walls and (c) avoid contamination of water-bearing earth strata below the pit walls.

Abstract: A method of scavenging oxygen and passivating metal surfaces in steam generating equipment by treating feedwater with an ammonia or amine neutralized erythorbate form thereof.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for removing hydrogen sulfide from fluid, particularly geothermal steam. Carbonic acid is sprayed into a condenser to inhibit dissolution of hydrogen sulfide into the condensate and maintain the hydrogen sulfide in gaseous form.

Abstract: A process for preparing a disoxidant, comprising: providing fine powder of a porous filler f-1, such as zeolite, having a particle size not greater than 100 mesh and coarse powder of a porous filler f-2, such as zeolite, having a particle size greater than 100 mesh; adding water to the coarse powder f-2 such that the total water content for the sum of the fine and coarse powder f-1 and f-2 is 20-90% of the amount of saturated water absorption thereof; mixing 20-60% by volume of the fine powder f-1 with 80-40% by volume of the coarse powder f-2; and admixing the resulting mixture F with fine metallic powder M, such as iron, having disoxidation activity and a particle size not greater than 100 mesh, with a volume ratio M/F of the component M to F being in the range of 1/2 to 1/10. Disclosed also is a disoxidant obtained by the above process.

Abstract: A process is described for reducing the concentration of oxyhalogen impurities in an alkali metal halide brine recovered from an electrolytic cell which comprises circulating the alkali metal halide brine to a treatment zone outside of the electrolytic cell. Within the treatment zone, the alkali metal halide brine is reacted with oxalic acid while maintaining the alkali metal halide brine at a pH of less than about 4.5. A purified brine having a substantially reduced concentration of oxyhalogen impurities is recovered from the treatment zone. The process may be employed in treating brines recovered from mercury cells and membrane cells for the production of chlorine and alkali metal hydroxides and its employment results in a substantial reduction in the amount of concentrated acid required in brine treatment and a reduction in energy costs for brine purification.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for removing hydrogen sulfide from fluid, particularly geothermal steam. Condensate rich in hydrogen sulfide is passed countercurrently with vapor rich in carbon dioxide to strip the condensate of hydrogen sulfide.

Abstract: A method for treating water to retard corrosion due to dissolved oxygen, especially boiler feed waters and boiler water condensates, is disclosed. Semicarbazide and its salts are highly effective oxygen scavengers for use in aqueous systems and thereby effect reduction of corrosion resulting from dissolved oxygen.

Abstract: A method of purifying waste water, for example waste water from a coking plant, comprises supplying waste water to be purified to the upper part of a stripping column comprising a plurality of substantially horizontal plates disposed above one another, supplying vapor to the lower part of the column, and supplying a strong base to the column laterally at one or more levels, wherein the water to be stripped is passed downwardly from the top of the column across a number of successive plates sufficient to permit the pH of the water to decrease to a value below 7, and wherein the base is supplied at a level or levels lower than that at which the pH has decreased to the above value.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for removing dissolved oxygen from a liquid (e.g., aqueous) system which comprisesadding to said liquid system an effective amount of an oxygen-scavenging chemical selected from 1,2-dihydro-1,2,4,5-tetrazines of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are individually selected from lower alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and phenyl.

Abstract: An improved method for scavenging dissolved oxygen from alkaline waters which comprises using dihydroxy acetone catalyzed with at least 1 percent based on the weight of said dihydroxy acetone, of a catalyst from the group consisting of hydroquinone and a water-soluble compound of manganese.

Abstract: Wastewater is continuously disinfected by combining the wastewater with sufficient acid to reduce the pH of the wastewater to less than about 4 and with sufficient SO.sub.2 that the wastewater has a selected free SO.sub.2 content of at least 5 mg/liter. The combined SO.sub.2 /wastewater is maintained at the selected free SO.sub.2 content for at least about 5 minutes. The wastewater can be treated by dissolving SO.sub.2 into a first portion of the wastewater and combining the first portion with SO.sub.2 dissolved therein with a second portion of the wastewater stream. SO.sub.2 can be stripped from the wastewater, and the stripped SO.sub.2 can be recycled.

Abstract: A method of removing ammonia from a wastewater containing free and fixed ammonia said process comprising the steps of: distilling the wastewater to remove the free ammonia; treating the distilled wastewater with soda ash to decompose the fixed ammonia; and distilling the treated wastewater to remove the decomposed ammonia.An apparatus for removing ammonia from a wastewater containing free and fixed ammonia comprising: an ammonia still for removing free and fixed ammonia; a source of soda ash solution; and means for feeding the soda ash solution from said soda ash source to the ammonia still to decompose the fixed ammonia.

Abstract: A method for the lime stabilization of wastewater sludge, includes the steps of dewatering sludge so as to produce a sludge cake containing from about 10 to 60% by weight of dry solids and rapidly and intimately mixing and reacting the sludge cake with calcium oxide so as to produce stabilized sludge pellets. An apparatus for performing the process is also provided.

Abstract: A method for treating a water containing waste such as industrial sludges and animal excrements. The method comprises a first step of mixing the waste with an alkaline earth metal oxide such as calcium oxide to obtain a preliminarily dried mixture and a second step of further drying and granulation of the mixture. Fuel consumption is saved by utilization of the exothermic reaction of an alkaline earth metal oxide with water contained in the waste. The waste may be converted by the method to usable products such as fertilizers, cement materials or cement additives.

Abstract: A method for boiler water treatment to retard corrosion due to dissolved oxygen. Hydroquinone and certain related compounds are highly effective oxygen scavengers for use in boiler water and thereby effect reduction of corrosion resulting from dissolved oxygen.

Abstract: Process and apparatus for treating waste water by circulating it, together with oxygen-containing gas, through communicating downflow and upflow pipes enclosed in a treatment chamber, the pipes being open at their bottom ends, and controlling the flow of waste water/gas mixture from the downflow pipe to cause gas bubbles to escape downwardly, or part downwardly and part upwardly, in the treatment chamber.

Abstract: A method of removing dissolved oxygen from boiler water which comprises adding to the water an oxygen scavenging amount of carbohydrazide.