Abstract: A device, system and method are provided for treating water, in which a water treating agent is prepared and dispensed to an untreated drinking water source in discrete and consecutive control volumes enabling untreated water in the untreated water source to be treated thereby to provide potable water.

Abstract: A control system comprising a timer based controller and a valve wherein the timer-based controller has a fixed period and the timer based controller regularly cycles the valve between a first condition and a second condition with the first portion of the cycle directing a first flow of water through a dispensable material and the remaining portion of the cycle directing a lesser flow of water through the dispensable material.

Abstract: The invention provides a device for use in a cartridge for on-line preparation of a solution for a medical procedure. The device comprises a hollow body, the body having a first end and a second end and is provided with through holes in its wall. The second end is closed, while the first end is open and adapted for receiving fluid introduced into the cartridge. The fluid leaves the device through said holes. Furthermore, the invention relates to a cartridge provided with such a device, a method of manufacturing such a cartridge and the use of a charge of concentrate in such a cartridge.

Abstract: The invention relates to the control of pH in water where hydroxyl ions are being produced by adding to the water an amount of transition metal salt sufficient to bind with hydroxyl into a slightly soluble or insoluble reaction product, thereby removing sufficient hydroxyl ion from the water to lower the pH thereof. This technique is particularly suitable for pH control in pool or spa water that is sanitized using chemical or electrolytic chlorination, where the sanitation process causes the pH in the water to rise. The invention also relates to apparatus for dispensing water treatment materials to water, and to methods for controlling phosphate levels and algae in water.

Abstract: A method for treating ship ballast water in which organisms viable in the ship ballast water are exterminated by adding to the ship ballast water hydrogen peroxide or a compound producing hydrogen peroxide in an amount such that a hydrogen peroxide concentration comes to be 10 to 500 mg/L and at least one type selected from a ferrous ion or a compound supplying ferrous ion in an amount such that a ferrous ion concentration comes to be 0.1 to 400 mg/L, catalase in an amount such that a concentration of catalase comes to be 0.5 to 2,500 unit/L and iodine or a compound supplying iodine amount such that an iodine concentration comes to be 0.1 to 100 mg/L.

Abstract: A biofilm reducing agent (BRA) and a mineral deposit distorting agent (MDDA) are admixed to irrigation water in amounts sufficient to substantially eliminate biofilm formation in the emitters (14) of an irrigation system (10) and produce amorphous mineral deposits in the emitters that are easily washed away by the irrigation water as it flows through the emitters (14). The BRA may be an oxidizer selected from the group consisting of chlorine, ozone, chlorine dioxide, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxy peracitic acid, iodine, bromine, hydrogen dioxide, chlorate salts, chlorite salts and hypochlorite compounds and mixtures thereof. The MDDA is a phosphonate selected from the group comprising AMP, ATMP, HEDP, EDTMPA, HMDTMPA, DETPMPA, BHMPTMPA, PBTC, HPA, PCA, NTMP, and DTPMP.

Abstract: An improved singlet oxygen generator (SOG) and method of using gas phase electronically excited states of oxygen for bio-medical and chemical treatment applications are disclosed. According to the invention, both gas phase O2(1?) and O2(1?) are used for medical treatment, sterilization, and deactivation of biological and chemical agents, including diseased tissue and biological and chemical weapons. The improved SOG is compact and scalable, portable, capable of operating in a zero-gravity or low gravity environment, may use gaseous diluent or buffer gas, and is capable of operating at pressures as high as one atmosphere. The SOG is capable of operating within a short distance of the target site for the electronically excited states of oxygen, which are delivered to the target site via a conduit. The SOG and delivery system provide higher yields of electronically excited oxygen with longer lifetimes suitable for bio-medical applications.

Abstract: The invention relates to the control of pH in water, preferably pool/spa water along with the control and/or removal of algal populations, by adding to the water a desired synergistic amount of a lanthanide-containing compound, a transition metal salt ions sufficient to bind with hydroxyl into a slightly soluble or insoluble reaction product, thereby removing sufficient hydroxyl ion from the water to lower the pH thereof, and copper and/or silver to act as an algicide and potential pH affecting compound.

Abstract: Provided are azeotropic and azeotrope-like compositions of 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropane (HCFC-244bb) and hydrogen fluoride (HF). Such azeotropic and azeotrope-like compositions are useful as intermediates in the production of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf).

Abstract: A composition comprising a stable anhydrous mixture of an oxidizing agent and an active halogen agent wherein the oxidizing agent is potassium hydrogen peroxymonosulfate and the active halogen agent is an alkali metal salt of dichloro-s-triazinetrione, halogenated dimethylhydantoin, or mixtures thereof, and a method of treating water with such compositions are disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for purifying water by dissolving one or more soluble metal salts in the water to provide corresponding metal ions, by dissolving hypohalite into the water, and by regulating the residence time, and thus hypohalite concentration in the device using a venturi nozzle disposed between the metal generator and the hypohalite generator.

Abstract: Methods for treating landfill leachate taught herein comprise: (a) coagulatively settling leachate; (b) filtering the resultant supernatant liquid through multistage cartridges; (c) filtering the filtered liquid by reverse osmosis; and (d) treating the resultant liquid with chlorine-based oxidant. These methods provide the advantages of efficient wastewater treatment, compact equipment size, short process flow, and low startup and operational costs.

Abstract: An automatic, self-regulating method of water treatment for use in water circulating towers in which water is evaporated, and make up water is added, with components which synergistically function to cut chemical, energy, water, corrosion, pollution, and maintenance costs, by passing the water through a Water Conditioning unit to prevent adhering evaporation scale deposits along with their content of concentrated biofouling nutrients from forming on the flooded surfaces of the tower and its associated water flow circuit, adding a trace level of iodine to the input make-up water to enhance the further disinfection of nutrient-deprived surfaces from any residual biofllm and chance pathogen contaminations, and adding a trace level addition of zinc ions in the water such as by an assured treatment feeder to the input make-up flow for inhibiting residual iodine-resistant algal and bacterial organisms of hazard for restoring bionutrient tower conditions, such as within sun-lit environments, and apparatus for carryi

Abstract: Thermoplastic compositions that reflect ultraviolet light are provided herein, along with articles of manufacture and methods of fluid purification using the same. The thermoplastic compositions preferably comprise a suitable thermoplastic material and microparticles of UV reflective material, such as aluminum or stainless steel. The thermoplastic compositions are useful, for example, in forming articles of manufacture comprising a UV reflective surface that are suitable for use in a water treatment system in connection with a UV light source.

Abstract: A system for providing a chemical to a stream of a fluid. The system includes an elongate member with the chemical therein and moveable through the fluid to provide the chemical to the fluid. Optionally, the elongate member may be unwound from a first reel to a second reel through the stream of fluid to provide the chemical to the fluid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to improved dispensers for a tablet containing or consisting of a dissolvable composition which, when contacted with water, will elute one or more chemical compounds to the water. More particularly the present invention relates to such an improved dispenser for a tablet which according to one aspect of the invention is particularly useful with, or forms a part of a device for the treatment of water, particularly a device useful in the purification of water.

Abstract: A water-insoluble polymeric oxidizing medium is contemplated that has a plurality of polymerized N-pyridinium vinylbenzyl triiodide or tribromide moieties whose pyridinium rings bear two substituents, R1 and R2, that are independently a hydrido or a C1-C4 alkyl group, and correspond in structure to the formula A process for preparing aseptic water and an apparatus useful for carrying out that process, both of which utilize a contemplated polymeric oxidizing

Abstract: Compositions containing chlorine and/or bromine in combination with chlorine dioxide are found to be synergistic against non-tuberculosis mycobacterium such as Mycobacteria chelonae.

Abstract: Devices and methods for inactivating microbiological contaminants in a fluid are provided for use in water, air, and other fluid treatment applications. The device includes (i) a housing having at least one fluid inlet and at least one fluid outlet; and (ii) an antimicrobial material secured in the housing between said at least one fluid inlet and said at least one fluid outlet. In one embodiment, the antimicrobial material is a biguanide dihydrate compound, such as a chlorhexidine dihydrate, which exhibits broad spectrum antimicrobial activity.

Abstract: A system and method for extracting active elemental iodine from the contact of water with stored crystal iodine and for introducing the extracted elemental iodine into a water supply line and/or otherwise making the extracted elemental iodine available for an intended use. The system operates by allowing a portion of the water entering from a water supply line to be redirected to a first housing where it makes contact with stored crystal iodine causing to extract active elemental iodine. The iodinized water leaves the first housing and enters a second housing where it makes contact additional stored crystal iodine to help stabilize the elemental iodine concentration. The system can be designed to provide the elemental iodine in more than one potency concentration through the use of a metering valve and different travel routes for the elemental iodine out of the second housing.

Abstract: The water purification cartridge treats water with a halogen liberated from halogenated hydantoinyl resins and polymers, resulting in the safe, complete, and economical purification of non-potable water at low flow rates typically found in gravity feed filtration systems and at water pressures of less than 1 psig. The cartridge of the invention purifies non-potable water of bacteria, viruses, and some protozons without the need for additional power sources or risk to the consumer for exposure to chemicals that have been identified to have harmful, long-term effects. The cartridge described herein enables a gravity fed water purification system by combining the cartridge with conventional filters, such as porous diatomaceous earthen ceramic water filters or activated carbon filters packed either with granular activated carbon or block.

Abstract: Lipids, such as plant oils and animal fats, are effective for treatment of animal wastes to inhibit both the emission of ammonia and other odors, and the discharge of particulate matter, microorganisms, and endotoxins, therefrom. Inhibition of ammonia volatilization and particulate or microbial discharge is effected by application of an effective amount of a lipid containing composition onto the animal wastes. Moreover, when used in combination with solutions of salts of acidic proton donors such as aluminum chloride, aluminum nitrate, and alum, these lipids significantly improve the effectiveness of the proton donors to inhibit the release of ammonia and reduce phosphorous solubility.

Abstract: A system and method for extracting active elemental iodine from the contact of water with stored crystal iodine and for introducing the extracted elemental iodine into a water supply line and/or otherwise making the extracted elemental iodine available for an intended use. The system operates by allowing a portion of the water entering from a water supply line to be redirected to a first housing where it makes contact with stored crystal iodine causing to extract active elemental iodine. The iodinized water leaves the first housing and enters a second housing where it makes contact additional stored crystal iodine to help stabilize the elemental iodine concentration. The system can be designed to provide the elemental iodine in more than one potency concentration through the use of a metering valve and different travel routes for the elemental iodine out of the second housing.

Abstract: A system for reducing or preventing the growth of organisms in the process water used to coat glass fibers with a formaldehyde-free binder composition. One or more biocides is added to the process water that mitigates the growth of microbes in the water. The biocides are added in an amount sufficient to minimize growth of organisms without adversely affecting the application of the binder composition to the glass fibers.

Abstract: Described herein are compositions and methods useful for the purification of aqueous fluids using dendritic macromolecules. The process involves using dendritic macromolecules (dendrimers) to bind to or chemically transform solutes, and a filtration step to produce fluid from which solutes have been removed or chemically transformed. Examples of dendrimers that may be used in the process include cation-binding dendrimers, anion-binding dendrimers, organic compound-binding dendrimers, redox-active dendrimers, biological compound-binding dendrimers, catalytic dendrimers, biocidal dendrimers, viral-binding dendrimers, multi-functional dendrimers, and combinations thereof. The process is readily scalable and provides many options for customization.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for purifying water by dissolving one or more soluble metal salts in the water to provide corresponding metal ions, by dissolving hypohalite into the water, and by regulating the residence time, and thus hypohalite concentration in the device using a venturi nozzle disposed between the metal generator and the hypohalite generator.

Abstract: A process for improving a liquid carrying system comprising physically disrupting a biofilm on interior surfaces of the liquid carrying system and then providing molecular iodine onto the disrupted biofilm in a concentration in aqueous material onto the biofilm of at least 10 parts per million. The reactants may be provided before physical disruption also. The molecular iodine may be added in gaseous or liquid or solid state, and may be formed in situ in the interior of the liquid carrier system using available or added water in the reaction.

Abstract: A device for air stream, fluid and vessel decontamination generally comprises an air-inlet portion, through which air enters the device; an iodine-treatment portion; and a bubble-forming element through which iodine-laden air bubbles are released from the device into the fluid contained within the vessel. Such a device and related method substantially reduces, eliminates, or maintains microbial contamination of: air entering the device for release into the vessel; the fluid within the vessel; the interior surfaces of the vessel; and surfaces of any additional components coming into contact with the fluid or the air released from the device.

Abstract: A method of purifying water or wastewater that comprises the steps of adding a treatment agent to the water, passing the water through a mixing zone, and passing the water through a foam fractionation zone to provide purified water. The water or wastewater can be any type of water found in sewage pipes or any water discharged from domestic, commercial, industrial, agriculture or aquaculture (fresh or marine) processes, or groundwater, bore water and reservoir water. A system for purifying water, the system including a mixing zone comprising one or more mixing columns for mixing the water with a treatment agent and a foam fractionation zone for purifying the water, the foam fractionation zone in liquid communication with the mixing zone.

Abstract: A method for disinfecting microorganisms in metalworking fluids without leaving behind unacceptable amount of chemicals in the treated fluids. The method comprises passing the fluid in a recirculating cooling system through a filter, which contains a demand disinfectant, preferably an iodinated resin. The iodinated resin inhibits the growth of microorganism in the fluid, which is then cycled back into the system. The present invention also relates to a filter and system for disinfecting microorganisms in metalworking fluids.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for purifying water by dissolving one or more soluble metal salts in the water to provide corresponding metal ions, by dissolving hypohalite into the water, and by regulating the residence time, and thus hypohalite concentration in the device using a venturi nozzle disposed between the metal generator and the hypohalite generator.

Abstract: An apparatus and methods to produce synergistic mixtures (or combinations) of haloamines to control growth of microorganisms in aqueous systems are disclosed. The apparatus and methods to produce synergistic mixtures entails producing a batch quantity of a haloamine and converting part of the haloamine to a second haloamine species to form the synergistic mixture.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to novel water treatment compositions. More particularly, the invention relates to solid water treatment compositions in the form of a water soluble tablet containing at least one halogen source and at least a pH compensating source in a layered tablet in which each of layer is configured to be simultaneously exposed to the water being treated and wherein one layer comprises the halogen source and another layer comprises a pH compensating source. Methods for controlling water biofouling and disinfecting water systems, particularly swimming pools and spas, are disclosed.

Abstract: Thermoplastic compositions that reflect ultraviolet light are provided herein, along with articles of manufacture and methods of fluid purification using the same. The thermoplastic compositions preferably comprise a suitable thermoplastic material and microparticles of UV reflective material, such as aluminum or stainless steel. The thermoplastic compositions are useful, for example, in forming articles of manufacture comprising a UV reflective surface that are suitable for use in a water treatment system in connection with a UV light source.

Abstract: Continuous breakpoint halogenation with hydroxyl free radical species is used to increase the rate of sanitization a water system and maintain a high rate of oxidation in the bulk water of the pool, spas, and other water systems despite the presence of accumulated demand. Undesirable compounds can be eliminated by maintaining a level of desired oxidation potential. The feedrate and ratio of halogen donor and free radical species can be optimized to sustain the desired ppm range of halogen and sustain an ORP of, for example, 780 mV-820 mV. Sustaining these parameters can prevent or even reverse the accumulation of combined halogen and other halogenated volatile compounds, which can contaminate the air and water of water facilities such as indoor swimming pools.

Abstract: A device and method for sanitizing and deodorizing including the selective transportation of a sanitizing composition by the capillary action of a wick to an acidic composition which may be held in a reservoir, or which also may be selectively transported through the capillary action of a wick to the reservoir.

Abstract: A biological fluid disposal system having a water flow line, a biological fluid line in fluid communication with the water flow line, a disinfectant line in fluid communication with the water flow line and the biological fluid line, and a venturi connected to one of the lines for creating a suction force so as to draw a biological fluid and a disinfectant in mixed relationship through the water flow line. The venturi includes a source of water pressure connected to the water flow line such that the water flow across an opening of either the biological fluid line and disinfectant line creates the suction force. The disinfectant line is connected to the biological fluid line between the water flow line and source of biological fluid.

Abstract: A system for reducing or preventing the growth of organisms in the process water used to coat glass fibers with a formaldehyde-free binder composition. One or more biocides is added to the process water that mitigates the growth of microbes in the water. The biocides are added in an amount sufficient to minimize growth of organisms without adversely affecting the application of the binder composition to the glass fibers.

Abstract: On-Line and Off-Line methods of simultaneously cleaning and disinfecting an industrial water system are described and claimed. The methods involve the addition to the water of the industrial water system of a Compound selected from the group consisting of the alkali salts of chlorite and chlorate and mixtures thereof; and an acid, followed by allowing the water in the industrial water system to circulate for several hours. The reaction of the alkali salts of chlorite and chlorate and acid produces chlorine dioxide in-situ in the water of the industrial water system. The chlorine dioxide kills microorganisms and the acid acts to remove deposits upon the water-contact surfaces of the equipment. An alternative method involves the use of a chelating agent and a biocide. Other possible cleaning and disinfection reagents may be added as needed including corrosion inhibitors, chelating agents, biocides, surfactants and reducing agents.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and a device for decontaminating waters, especially groundwaters, which are heavily and complexly polluted with organic halogen compounds (HHC), in which process the contaminated waters are pre-treated in order to convert low-volatility HHC into more readily volatile components, the halogenated hydrocarbons are subsequently transferred from the aqueous phase to the gaseous phase where complete conversion into halogen-free compounds takes place at elevated temperature by means of catalytic reductive dehalogenation.

Abstract: A water disinfection delivery treatment system first filters the supply by a particle and then a carbon filter. The partially treated flow is split in two and a first part passes through a first cutoff valve and is fed into a disinfection (iodine) chamber, filter or feeder via a flow restricter. The chamber output passes through a second solenoid driven cutoff valve. The second part is fed to a third cutoff valve and this valve's output is summed with the second valve's output and then fed into a holding tank. The tank retain's a volume such that the water remains therein for at least a period sufficient to permit a minimum 3 log reduction of pathogenic microbes. A final carbon filter is downstream of the tank as is a meter and dispenser. A method is also provided for delivering potable drinking water.

Abstract: Transition metal ions have the ability to increase the oxidation performance of the inorganic peroxy salts at room temperature by possibly lowering their activation energy or by producing more reactive free radicals. When two transition metal salts are used together to decompose dipersulfate, it provides synergistic oxidation activity, better than obtained by dipersulfate or dipersulfate with either copper or zinc alone. The transition metals mentioned are the water soluble salts of copper and zinc. Oxidation performance of sodium dipersulface in presence of catalytic amount of copper and zinc salts was determined by measuring the destruction of crystal violet dye at a wavelength of 589 nm.

Abstract: A storable, stable composition that provides the effective antimicrobial benefits of halogenated agents is presented. The invention includes a water-soluble biocidal composition. The composition includes: about 0.01 to about 10 wt. % of a water-soluble inorganic halide; about 5 to about 60 wt. % of an oxidizing agent which, in aqueous solution, reacts with the inorganic halide to generate hypohalite ions; about 1 to about 15 wt. % of N-succinimide; and about 1 to about 30 wt. % of a pH buffering agent. The invention also includes a method of producing the above composition.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for purifying water by dissolving one or more soluble metal salts in the water to provide corresponding metal ions, by dissolving hypohalite into the water, and by regulating the residence time, and thus hypohalite concentration in the device using a venturi nozzle disposed between the metal generator and the hypohalite generator.

Abstract: A method for chlorine purification in which crude chlorine containing nitrogen and/or oxygen is purified to separate the nitrogen and oxygen from the chloride, characterized in that the crude chlorine containing nitrogen and/or oxygen is contacted with 1,2-dichloroethane to cause the 1,2-dichloroethane to absorb the chlorine contained in the crude chlorine, and a process for producing 1,2-dichloroethane which comprises reacting ethylene with the chlorine contained in the chlorine containing 1,2-dichloroethane.

Abstract: A water-treating microbicide, containing an inorganic acid and a corrosion inhibitor, and further containing a carboxylic acid having 8 or less carbon atoms or any of alkali metal salts thereof. The present invention can provide a water-treating microbicide, water treatment method and water treatment apparatus exhibiting a high sterilization effect in a membrane separation device for seawater desalination, etc.

Abstract: An iodine purification process comprising; a source of fluid; means for delivery of iodine to the source of fluid for use in the purification process; the process further comprising means for recovery of the iodine and/or iodine and/or other iodine species derived from the iodine, from said fluid.

Abstract: A composition and the method for sustaining the biocidal activity of chlorinated polystyrene hydantoin beads. The method comprises supplying a continuous low level halogen concentration to the chlorinated polystyrene hydantoin beads in the water to be treated that flows in contact with the chlorinated polystyrene hydantoin beads, resulting in treated water suitable for drinking.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for improving the performance of filtration devices by adding P- and/or N-containing compounds to the medium to be filtered.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for purifying water by dissolving one or more soluble metal salts in the water to provide corresponding metal ions, by dissolving hypohalite into the water, and by regulating the residence time, and thus hypohalite concentration in the device using a venturi nozzle disposed between the metal generator and the hypohalite generator.