Abstract: A treatment provides an effective, safe; and economical method to render ballast water free of contaminating organisms. A ballast water treatment system includes a source of ozone and a ballast tank connected to the source of ozone. In a method of controlling organisms in ballast water of a sea faring vessel, the ballast water is treated with ozone while the vessel is in transit between ports.

Abstract: A feeder insert apparatus for a tubular water filtration cartridge utilized in household point of use water filtration systems. The feeder insert allows a chemical to be fed into a incoming water supply at a controlled rate by employing a bypass system that allows a predetermined amount of incoming water to flow past the feed chemical without contacting the chemical. The amount of water in the bypass flow can also be manually adjusted through the use of two adjustment mechanisms, an adjustable ring and a rotatable end cap, located on the feeder insert.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for controlling biofouling in an aqueous medium by treating the aqueous medium with an oil-in-water emulsion comprising an antimicrobial oil phase and at least one emulsifier. This method efficiently controls biofouling in the aqueous medium by specifically targeting the antimicrobial oil phase directly to biofilms, cell surfaces and cell aggregates in a concentrated form.

Abstract: A method of inhibiting microbial growth in an aqueous medium comprising contacting the aqueous medium with a biocidal material comprising a biocide having a log P value of at least 1.5 immobilized by hydrophobic exclusion on a support having a hydrophobic surface, characterized in that contact is made in the presence of a potentiating agent for the biocide.

Abstract: A method for providing an active sanitized aqueous medium in a dental treatment operation. A chlorinated water supply is treated with a physiologically-safe acidifier to provide a substantially enhanced hypochlorous acid concentration. The water is treated to convert the hypochlorite ion into the much more bacteriocidal undisassociated hypochlorous acid. A reservoir is provided at a suitable location, such as a dental treatment station. Potable water from a suitable source is supplied to the reservoir. The potable water contains free chlorine in an amount of at least 0.1 ppm. The water in the reservoir is treated with a physiologically-safe acidifier selected from the group consisting of inorganic acids, organic acids, and acid esters which have GRAS status.

Abstract: Stable oxidizing biocide formulations containing bromine are provided for biofouling control in industrial water systems. The formulations contain at least one stable oxidizing bromine compound that is prepared from at least one oxidizing chemical reagent, at least one bromine source and at least one bromine or halogen stabilizer. The resulting products are a mixture of stable oxidizing bromine compounds that can be used as a primary or secondary biocide in an industrial water system.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition and method of administering same for inhibiting the growth of microorganisms. The composition of the present invention includes sufficient amounts of peracetic and a non-oxidizing biocide. The method of the present invention includes the step of adding sufficient amounts of peracetic acid and the non-oxidizing biocide to industrial process waters.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for treating a liquid to inhibit growth of living organisms therein by adding to the liquid an active biocidal ingredient formed by mixing an oxidant and an amine source, by: producing a predetermined dilution of the oxidant; producing a predetermined dilution of the amine source; synchronously metering the two dilutions into a conduit to continuously mix therein according to a predetermined ratio to produce the active biocidal ingredient having high reproducibility, stability and efficacy in situ in the conduit; and continuously injecting the active biocidal ingredient, as it is produced in situ in the conduit, directly from the conduit into the liquid being treated.

Abstract: A process for treating bacteria laden effluent from a sewage treatment digester to condition the effluent for release into the environment includes the steps of thoroughly mixing the effluent with a bactericide, conveying the mixed effluent to a reaction zone to completely kill any bacteria entrained in the waste water to provide a substantially bacteria free effluent, mixing an oxidant with the bacteria free effluent, maintaining the mixture for a sufficient time to permit substantially complete oxidation and neutralization of entrained bactericide, and discharging the treated effluent into the environment. In an alternative procedure the treated effluent is passed through a neutralizing filtration step to neutralize any active bactericide before the effluent is discharged to the environment.

Abstract: A biocidal material comprises an organic biocide immobilised on a polymeric support characterised in that the support is water-insoluble and the biocide is covalently bound to the support by a hydrolytically stable covalent linkage. The material can be used for inhibiting bacterial growth in an aqueous medium e.g. the wash water of a photoprocessing system. The material can be housed in a flow-through container.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for adjusting the pH of water in swimming pools or hot tubs or in drinking water by adding to the water an effective amount of a salt of urea and hydrochloric acid.

Abstract: Methods for controlling the fouling potential of macroinvertebrates are provided. An effective controlling amount of a polymer comprising a tannin and a cationic monomer is added to an aqueous system suffering from the fouling potential of macroinvertebrates.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for generating stable, residual disinfectants during the ozonization of water, comprising the carrying out the ozonization of water in the presence of bromide ions and an effective amount of a hypobromite ion scavenger possessing imide and/or amide functionality that preferentially converts hypobromite ions to biocidal, ozone-stable derivatives thereof to thereby suppress the catalytic decomposition reaction of ozone with hypobromite ions. The methods and compositions of the present invention are useful for water disinfection and algae control, generally.

Abstract: A chemical warfare agent decontamination solution made up of about 20% of a quaternary ammonium complex containing benzyltrimethylammoniumchloride and benzyltriethylammonium chloride and about 20% by weight of an oxidizer, dissolved in a solvent, such as water or glycol, is provided. This solution is a noncorrosive, nontoxic, nonflammable decontaminant, which may also be used to neutralize organophosphorus agricultural chemicals.

Abstract: A method to prevent the degradation of water soluble film placed in contact with halogenated hydantoin or chlorinated cyanuric acid and an apparatus for disinfecting water systems. Halogenated 5,5-dialkyl hydantoin or chlorinated cyanuric acid is combined with a stabilizing agent to prevent the halogenated hydantoin or chlorinated cyanuric acid from discoloring or degrading a polymeric film which it may contact. The oxidizing agent includes alkaline hydroxide, alkaline carbonates, alkaline bicarbonates, alkaline phosphates, alkaline silicates, and alkaline borates. Polymeric films for which this is suitable include 2-hydroxy propyl cellulose and poly(vinyl alcohol).

Abstract: The invention describes a process for controlling contamination of oil production system waters by sessile bacteria, comprisinga) addition of a slug dose of a biologically effective amount of a quick-kill biocide, simultaneously with or followed byb) intermittent addition of a biologically effective amount of a control biocide.This dosing regime is found to be surprisingly effective when compared with known dosing regimes.

Abstract: This invention provides a method of operation of a suction system which provides simultaneous decontamination of the suction system and a process for preventing accumulation of contaminants in the suction system. Due to a vacuum created by a vacuum pump, waste mixtures are extracted and flow, via high-speed and low-speed vacuum lines, to a vacuum trap housing which contains a vacuum trap having a solid-collecting screen. Chemical agents, serving as water-soluble decontaminants and being preferably in the form of tablets, are placed in the vacuum trap housing on the solid-collecting screen and are placed adjacent to a number of other filters at positions selected to assure that each waste mixture comes into contact with and is treated by the chemical agents before leaving the suction system. Activation of the chemical agents by each waste mixture causes the decontamination of the waste mixture and the breakdown and decontamination of accumulations in the suction system.

Abstract: Algicides are added to water for the algicidal treatment of the water, especially swimming-pool water. The disadvantages of known methods can be avoided or reduced if chlorohexidine or a salt thereof is used as algicide. Chlorohexidine and its salts are distinguished by a broad spectrum of algicidal action at very low concentrations of use.

Abstract: A method of treating water by adding to the water a shelf-stable composition of hydrogen peroxide and a polyquaternary ammonium compound, followed by intermittent treatment with chlorine-, bromine- or oxygen-releasing compounds.

Abstract: Method of preserving mineral slurries from microbiological attack comprising introducing a nitrite or TBIP followed by sufficient 3-isothiazolone biocide to protect the slurry from attack. Mineral slurries which are so protected are also disclosed.

Abstract: A treatment for enhancing the activity of biocidal compounds to control the growth of microbes in an aqueous system is disclosed, which comprises adding to said compounds an effective amount of an alkylsulfosuccinate surfactant.

Abstract: A method for the adjustment of pH in textile processing or other solutions, including recreational waters, that includes the use of urea sulfate or its equivalent.

Abstract: Tabletized ionene polymers, methods for their preparation and their use in water treatment is described. The tablet contains about 5 to about 60 percent by weight of an ionene polymer, about 40 to about 95 percent by weight of a salt carrier matrix, 0 to about 10 percent by weight of a disintegration rate regulator, and 0 to about 10 percent by weight of an anticaking agent. The tablets may be made by mixing an aqueous solution of an ionene polymer with a carrier matrix to form a moist mass, drying the moist mass to form granules, reducing the granule size to form a powder, and compressing the powder into a tablet. The tablets are useful in a wide variety of water treatment applications. Accordingly, the specification describes a method for controlling the growth of microorganisms in an aqueous system. Using the method, one treats an aqueous system with an ionene polymer in an amount effective to control the growth of at least one microorganism. The ionene polymer is contained in a tablet of the invention.

Abstract: The invention encompasses methods of preventing corrosion of vessel sidewalls. In one aspect, the invention includes an anti-corrosion treatment method of reducing internal corrosion of an ammonium phosphate holding vessel comprising providing at least one quaternary-amine-comprising compound within the vessel. In another aspect, the invention includes a treatment method of reducing corrosion of a vessel sidewall surface comprising utilization of a quaternary amine to form a protective layer on the vessel sidewall surface. In another aspect, the invention includes an anti-corrosion treatment method of reducing corrosion of a vessel comprising: a) flowing a liquid into the vessel; b) adding at least one compound to the liquid, the compound being added to a concentration which exceeds the solubility of the compound in the liquid; and c) coating the compound onto an internal surface of the vessel to form a protective layer over the internal surface.

Abstract: A composition, in unit dosage form, for the batchwise purification for drinking purposes of a relatively small predetermined volume of contaminated water includes: (a) an organo-chlorine compound serving as a disinfectant-sanitizing agent; (b) a solid inorganic metal salt having a trivalent cation serving as a coagulant-precipitate agent; (c) a solid alkali which is highly soluble in water and highly effervescent in the presence of an acid serving as a dispersion-buffer agent; (d) a solid anionic polymeric hydrophilic primary colloid flocculant; (e) a solid cationic, polymeric hydrophilic secondary colloid flocculant; (f) long fiber cellulose serving as an agglomeration matrix and pre-filter for absorbing flocs and trapping visible debris and cysts; and (g) a bulk ion exchange absorbent. A water purification kit and method employing the composition are also disclosed.

Abstract: A novel method and compositions are disclosed for the treatment of water in recirculating water systems. The method includes providing a boron level of at least 20 ppm in the water, continually eroding into the water a compressed sanitizer/algicide component including a halogen source material, a boron source material, and glycoluril, and periodically adding to the water an oxidizing clarifier comprising a chlorine source material, a non-halogen, chlorine source material, and a boron source material. The invention also provides novel water treatment chemicals including the compressed sanitizer/algicide component and the clarifier useful in the foregoing system. The system and compositions are safe and reliable, control algal and fungal growth and generally provide improved water quality for recirculating water systems.

Abstract: The invention comprises a method for dispersing biofilms caused by the growth of slime-forming bacteria and other microorganisms in industrial process water. The method comprises adding an effective biofilm dispersing amount of a linear alkylbenzene sulfonate to the industrial process water which contains slime-forming bacteria and other microorganisms. In addition, an alternative embodiment of the invention comprises adding a compound selected from the group consisting of peracetic acid, glutaraldehyde, isothiazolone, methylene bisthiocyanate, thiocyanomethylthio benzothiazole, 2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propane diol, dibromonitrilopropane diol, tetralcishydroxy methyl phosphonium sulfate, decylthioethane amine, alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride and combinations thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition and method of administering same for inhibiting the growth of microorganisms. The composition of the present invention includes sufficient amounts of a peracetic acid and a non-oxidizing biocide. The method of the present invention includes the step of adding sufficient amounts of the peracetic acid and the non-oxidizing biocide to industrial process waters.

Abstract: A slow-dissolving sanitizing and clarifying puck for use in water such as swimming pool water preferably includes about 63% to about 80% trichloro-s-triazinetrione, about 4% to about 12% sodium tetraborate, about 10% to about 22% aluminum sulfate, and about 1% to 5% glycoluril.

Abstract: This invention relates to biocidal blends comprising quaternary ammonium compounds and chlorine dioxide. It also relates to a process of inhibiting the growth of bacteria in aqueous system which comprises adding the biocidal blend to an aqueous system containing bacteria. The use of the biocidal blend results in an unexpected synergism.

Abstract: A treatment for enhancing the activity of biocidal compounds to control the growth of microbes in an aqueous system is disclosed, which comprises adding to said compounds an effective amount of an alkylsulfosuccinate surfactant.

Abstract: Process for purifying gaseous or liquid effluents containing sulphur-containing derivatives (H.sub.2 S, alkyl mercaptans, SO.sub.2).This process comprises: (i) basification of the effluent to be treated at a pH >9 in the presence of a base of general formula M--OH, in which M represents an alkali metal, an alkaline-earth metal, an agent for condensation between the organic part of the compound of formula I below and the sulphur-containing derivative or a phase transfer agent and especially a quaternary ammonium or a ligand; (ii) placing of the product obtained in (i) in contact with a compound of general formula I: X--(CH.sub.2).sub.n --CO--R, in which: X represents: a halogen, a sulphonyl halide of formula X'--SO.sub.2 --R', in which X' represents a halogen and R' represents a C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl group or an optionally substituted aryl group, an OH group; R represents: a C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: An aqueous isothiazolone formulation useful for antiseptic or antifungal treatment of various synthetic polymeric emulsions, which comprises (a) a specific isothiazolone compound, (b) water or an aqueous solvent and (c) a specific nitrobromo or cyanobromo compound.

Abstract: Free halogen sources (e.g., sodium hypochlorite and chlorine) added as slimicides in high organic component process streams such as pulp and paper processing are rendered more efficacious by the addition of selected N-hydrogen compounds (namely, 5,5-dimethylhydantoin, 5-ethyl-5-methylhydantoin, cyanuric acid, succinimide, urea, 4,4-dimethyl-2-oxazolidinone, and glycouril) to the process stream. The latter compounds may be added to the process stream before or after the slimicide is added or combined with the slimicide and added directly thereto. The direct use of halogenated hydantoins has also been found to provide improved efficacy relative to free halogen sources. In addition, absorbable organic halogen by-products are reduced.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for reducing the population of bacteria in aqueous systems which comprises co-treating said aqueous system with 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide and chlorine dioxide under the conditions specified herein. By co-treating an aqueous system with both 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide and chlorine dioxide, one can achieve a more effective biocidal effect with the same amount of biocide than if either the 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide or chlorine dioxide are used separately.

Abstract: Improved biocidal composition and method for controlling biofouling and microorganism population levels in recirculating water systems such as cooling towers, swimming pools or spas is disclosed and claimed. The composition comprises a hypochlorite donor and a bromide ion donor in proportions selected to maintain a mole ratio of the sum of all bromine containing species to the sum of all hypohalite species in the recirculating water of about 0.2 to about 20. The method comprises introducing into the recirculating water a mixture or combination of a hypochlorite donor and a bromide ion donor in an amount sufficient to maintain a ratio of the sum of all bromine containing species to the sum of all species in the recirculating water in the range of about 0.2 to about 20.

Abstract: A novel method and compositions are disclosed for the treatment of water in recirculating water systems. The method includes providing a boron level of at least 20 ppm in the water, continually eroding into the water a compressed sanitizer/algicide component including a halogen source material, a boron source material, and glycoluril, and periodically adding to the water an oxidizing clarifier comprising a chlorine source material, a non-halogen, chlorine source material, and a boron source material. The invention also provides novel water treatment chemicals including the compressed sanitizer/algicide component and the clarifier useful in the foregoing system. The system and compositions are safe and reliable, control algal and fungal growth and generally provide improved water quality for recirculating water systems.

Abstract: A sanitizer composition comprising a bactericidal effective amount of the combination of (a) chlorinated isocyanuric acids such as trichloroisocyanuric acid or sodium dichloroisocyanurate and alkali metal salts thereof; (b) aluminum sulfate; and (c) copper sulfate.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition and method of administering same for inhibiting the growth of microorganisms. The composition of the present invention includes sufficient amounts of a peracetic acid and a second organic biocide. The method of the present invention includes the step of adding sufficient amounts of the peracetic acid and the organic biocide to industrial process waters.

Abstract: A novel method and compositions are disclosed for the treatment of water in recirculating water systems. The method includes providing a boron level of at least 20 ppm in the water, continually eroding into the water a compressed sanitizer/algicide component including a halogen source material, a boron source material, and glycoluril, and periodically adding to the water an oxidizing clarifier comprising a chlorine source material, a non-halogen, chlorine source material, and a boron source material. The invention also provides novel water treatment chemicals including the compressed sanitizer/algicide component and the clarifier useful in the foregoing system. The system and compositions are safe and reliable, control algal and fungal growth and generally provide improved water quality for recirculating water systems.

Abstract: A process for delivering a selected effective amount of a dry granular antimicrobial composition to an aqueous system is provided comprising (a) adding the composition into sealed rigid container means, wherein the container means has at least one resealable opening; (b) establishing sealed communication of at least one of the resealable opening(s) with discharge means for effecting the delivery of the composition from the container means to the aqueous system wherein the discharge means has discharge valve means for effecting the discharge of the selected effective amount of the composition from the discharge means; (c) removing at least one seal from at least one of the resealable opening(s) that is in sealed communication with the discharge means for effecting the discharge of the composition through this resealable opening(s), and into the discharge means; (d) operating the discharge valve means for effecting the discharge of the selected effective amount of the composition from within the discharge means

Abstract: Quaternary ammonium compounds having the structural formula: ##STR1## wherein X is chloride, bromide, iodide or alkyl carboxylate having a C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 alkyl radical, and R is n-nonyl or isononyl. The disclosed compounds were found to be non-toxic, low foaming, effective biocides in treatment methods for controlling bacteria, algae and molluscs in aqueous systems.

Abstract: A novel cleaner is disclosed, which is added to a reaction thermostat with water as medium in a scientific apparatus, particularly a thermostatic water bath in an automatic analyzer, and has becteria-proof, fungi-proof and algae-proof effects. The cleaner comprises a triazine derivative and a surface active agent. Furthermore, the cleaner preferably contains a compound represented by a formula [I]: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 independently represent a hydrogen atom, a methyl group or a hydroxymethyl group, and n is an integer of 1 to 5.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of disinfecting a water system with a blue pigmented dry oxidizer composition consisting of: (a) from 99.5-99.99% by weight of one of the following compositions:(i) 1,3 dichloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin;(ii) a mixture of the 1-Bromo-3-chloro 5,5-dimethylhydantoin and 1,3-dichloro 5,5-dimethylhydantoin and 1,3-dichloro-5, ethyl-5-methylhydantoin;(iii) trichloro-s-triazinetrione;(iv) sodium dichloro-s-triazinetrione;(v) a mixture of trichloro-s-triazinetrione and sodium bromide;(vi) a mixture of sodium dichloro-s-triazinetrione and sodium bromide;(vii) 1-bromo-3-chloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin;(viii) a mixture of 1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin and potassium bromide;(ix) calcium hypochlorite(x) lithium hypochlorite(b) and from 0.01-0.5% by weight of lazurite.

Abstract: Zebra mussels are controlled by contacting them with the active portion of a Phytolacca plant.

Abstract: A process for sanitizing water in swimming pools, spas and hot tubs whereby the level of bacteria in said water is lowered comprising:treating said water with a bactericidal effective amount of a combination of di-isodecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride and copper (II) ions, the concentration of diisodecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride in said water being less than about 60 parts per million parts of water by weight; andtreating said water at least intermittently with an oxidant selected from the group consisting of available chlorine and ozone.

Abstract: A synergistic combination of a water-soluble, antibacterial quaternary ammonium compound and a water-soluble oxidizing agent is found to improve effectiveness in controlling bacterial growth in swimming pool water, particularly hard water.

Abstract: A method for treating an aqueous waste or groundwater containing organic contaminants.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for generating stable, residual disinfectants during the ozonization of water, comprising the carrying out the ozonization of water in the presence of bromide ions and an effective amount of a hypobromite ion scavenger possessing imide and/or amide functionality that preferentially converts hypobromite ions to biocidal, ozone-stable derivatives thereof to thereby suppress the catalytic decomposition reaction of ozone with hypobromite ions. The methods and compositions of the present invention are useful for water disinfection and algae control, generally.

Abstract: Zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) are controlled by contacting the mussels with effective lethal amounts of an aqueous treating medium comprising molluscicidally effective portions of the berry from Phytolacca dodecandra.