Abstract: A method of controlling microbial fouling is provided. The method controls microbial fouling using hypobromous acid, HOBr, formed by the reaction between an aqueous solution of alkali or alkaline earth metal hypochlorite and a bromide ion source. The method is characterized in that the alkali or alkaline earth metal hypochlorite or/and the bromide ion source is/are stabilized by the addition of a stabilizer before the hypobromous acid is formed by the reaction there between.

Abstract: An antimicrobial and antiviral composition in powder form or in the form of a two part liquid concentrate for washing and sanitizing foods, food surfaces, food ware, process waters, animal quarters, and animal carcasses is described. The composition may also be used to reduce the microbial and viral population on animals; reducing human pathogenic microbes, reducing opportunistic pathogenic microbes on eggs, and treating skin diseases. The composition includes three reactive species which in solution form an oxidizing species, and optionally a food grade acid source. The reactive species include a natural source of a quaternary or protonizable nitrogen compound which is acceptable on foods, an oxidant and a halide source.

Abstract: An oxidizing species is described herein as a reaction product through an in situ preparation combining a protonizable phosphorus or sulfur compound, and a halide source at controlled proportions in an aqueous, non-aqueous, gel, aerosol, solid-phase or powdered media. The oxidizing species can be used to reduce microbial and viral populations on a surface or object or in a body or stream of water. The invention thus finds applications as a bleach, sanitizer, oxidant, or in any other application in which an oxidizing agent can be beneficially used alone or in a formulation.

Abstract: Describes a method for dissolving a solid chemical material, such as calcium hypochlorite, with a solvating liquid, e.g., water, in a chemical feeder operating under positive pressure wherein an inert gas, e.g., air, is injected into the solvating liquid, e.g., by use of an injector nozzle, and the resultant mixture of inert gas and solvating liquid is forwarded to the chemical feeder. Sufficient air is charged to the chemical feeder to limit the level of solvating liquid in the feeder and thereby limit the amount of solid chemical material contacted by the solvating liquid.

Abstract: A method of controlling microbial fouling is provided. The method controls microbial fouling using hypobromous acid, HOBr, formed by the reaction between an aqueous solution of alkali or alkaline earth metal hypochlorite and a bromide ion source. The method is characterized in that the alkali or alkaline earth metal hypochlorite or/and the bromide ion source is/are stabilized by the addition of a stabilizer before the hypobromous acid is formed by the reaction there between.

Abstract: A process for killing microorganisms and controlling biofouling in high chlorine demand waters comprises mixing two components, one of which is an oxidant and the other an ammonium salt, and adding the mixture immediately to the aqueous system to be treated.

Abstract: An electrospray device, a liquid chromatography device and an electrospray-liquid chromatography system are disclosed. The electrospray device comprises a substrate defining a channel between an entrance orifice on an injection surface and an exit orifice on an ejection surface, a nozzle defined by a portion recessed from the ejection surface surrounding the exit orifice, and an electrode for application of an electric potential to the substrate to optimize and generate an electrospray; and, optionally, additional electrode(s) to further modify the electrospray.

Abstract: A process for optimizing the rate of oxidation using halogen, e.g. chlorine donors to prevent the accumulation of undesirable chlorinated by-products. The feed rate of a chlorine donor is controlled for maintaining a desired ORP. The amount of free halogen is reduced and the ORP range expanded by addition of an effective amount of a coagulating agent. The rate of oxidation is sufficient to prevent the accumulation of the undesirable by-products. Treatment removes the by-products from the water and surrounding air by maintaining continuous breakpoint halogenation conditions.

Abstract: A process for optimizing the rate of oxidation using a combination of halogen, e.g. chlorine donors and peroxygen, e.g. potassium monopersulfate. The peroxygen compound elevates the oxidation-reduction potential of the body of water being treated. Simultaneously, a halogen donor is added to the body of water to maintain a PPM level of free halogen sufficient to insure sanitization. The amount of free halogen is reduced and the ORP effective range expanded to 700-850 mv by addition of an effective amount of a coagulating agent. The feed rates and concentrations of both oxidizers are optimized so as to achieve and maintain the targeted parameters. A high level of oxidation is maintained which removes by-products from the water and surrounding air.

Abstract: A method of controlling microbial fouling is provided. The method controls microbial fouling using hypobromous acid, HOBr, formed by the reaction between an aqueous solution of alkali or alkaline earth metal hypochlorite and a bromide ion source.

Abstract: In a pollutant decomposition process for decomposing pollutants by bringing pollutants contained in air into contact with air which contains chlorine, under irradiation by light, at least part of a chlorine-generating solution present in a chlorine generation region is fed to means for forming functional water by electrolysis to effect regeneration and is again fed to the chlorine generation region. Also disclosed is a pollutant decomposition system used in such a process.

Abstract: An apparatus 10 generates oxygenated water having a significantly reduced oxidation reduction potential (ORP). A carbon filter 100 removes particulate impurities from the water as it comes into the apparatus. A water softener 150 removes minerals from the water. A reverse osmosis unit 200 further cleans and purifies the water, removing any additional solids, and almost all the minerals and chlorides. A blender 250 adds a precisely measured amount of sodium bicarbonate or sodium carbonate to the water, thereby making it somewhat electrically conductive. The purified water having a measured quantity of sodium bicarbonate is stored in a tank 300 which also includes a recirculating pump 350 which keeps the water moving. By keeping the water moving, the minimum level of sodium bicarbonate required for electrical conductivity may be used. A pump 400 moves the water into an electrolysis cell 450, where current passing through the water separates a small amount of water into hydrogen and oxygen.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of treating alkaline waste water originating from washing spent oil which has undergone an alkaline treatment with water and which contains organic material. This method can produce water which can be discharged into conventional industrial water treatment facilities or which can be used directly as a base for preparing fertilizers or for preparing an agent for preventing ice formation on road surfaces.

Abstract: A process for producing chlorine for treating flowing water supplies especially micro systems such as drip irrigation systems to control microorganisms present in these waters. It also relates to a chlorinator for practicing the process. The process comprises the steps of (a.) blending in a high pressure tank an excess of calcium hypochlorite and water to form a saturated top of the tank for feeding chlorinated water to a water supply containing microorganisms; (b.) sealing the tank; (c.) displacing a portion of the calcium hypochlorite sink by feeding water from the high pressure, variable speed pump to the dip tube. This forms additional saturated calcium hypochlorite solution; (d.) withdrawing saturated calcium hypochlorite solution through the feed line and adding the calcium hypochlorite to the flowing water supply; and, (e.) controlling the amount of calcium hypochlorite, e.g. chlorination rate fed to the flowing water supply by adjusting the delivery rate of the high pressure pump.

Abstract: An effluent containing sorbic acid or its salt from, for example, a sorbic acid production line is (1) treated with a hypohalogenous acid or its salt, e.g. sodium hypochlorite, or (2) subjected to membrane separation or activated carbon treatment and further to biological treatment such as activated sludge treatment. The required amount of the hypohalogenous acid or salt may for example be about 0.01-10 parts by weight, in terms of effective halogen, based on 100 parts by weight of the effluent. Optionally the effluent thus treated with the hypohalogenous acid or salt is further subjected to a biological treatment such as an activated sludge process.

Abstract: A process for removing or stabilizing arsenic and/or selenium from aqueous streams or slurries is provided that includes contacting the streams or slurry with a composition containing lanthanum chloride. The lanthanum chloride composition can optionally contain various lanthanides. The composition can optionally contain ferric or ferrous sulfate. The process is preferably conducted by adjusting the pH of solution to between about 8 or 10, adding 2 moles of lanthanum chloride for every mole of arsenic or selenium ions present in solution, adding 5 to 6 moles ferric or ferrous ions for every mole of arsenic or selenium ions present in solution and adjusting the oxidation potential of the solution to between 200-400 mV for removal of selenium ions and between 100-200 mV for removal of arsenic ions.

Abstract: A process is described for the removal of mercury present at levels of 1-5000 ppb in waste water discharged from clinical research laboratories, industries and hospitals. The process involves preoxidation of the influent waste water with very small amounts of hypochlorite (16-100 ppm levels)or hydrogen peroxide, in a pretreatment tank. The waste water is then serially filtered through two pre filters and four carbon columns at a flow rate of 5 bedvolumes/hr. The preoxidation, prefiltration, organic removal, heavy metals removal (second column) and polishing stages (third and fourth) are important to achieve very low levels of mercury in the effluent. The last three columns contain activated coconut shell carbon impregnated with mercaptothiazoline . The three columns of the mercaptothiazoline impregnated carbon remove mercury and other heavy metals successively and reduce their levels in the influent to very low levels that is well below the enforced limit of 1 ppb.

Abstract: A process for optimizing the rate of oxidation using a combination of halogen, e.g. chlorine donors and peroxygen, e.g. potassium monopersulfate. The peroxygen compound elevates the oxidation-reduction potential of the body of water being treated. Simultaneously, a halogen donor is added to the body of water to maintain a PPM level of free halogen sufficient to insure sanitization. The feed rates and concentrations of both oxidizers are optimized so as to achieve and maintain the targeted parameters. A high level of oxidation is maintained which removes by-products from the water and surrounding air.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the addition of an alkali salt form or a precipitated alkali salt form of a PESA, polymaleic acid or mixture thereof, which is added, directly and/or indirectly, to an oxidizer, e.g. calcium hypochlorite, to inhibit formation of scale, particularly calcium carbonate scale, when the oxidizer contacts water containing carbonate alkalinity. This provides effective inhibition of calcium carbonate in and on oxidizer feed equipment. Process efficiency is greatly enhanced by selecting, as the limiting factor, the concentration of alkalinity present that can be converted to carbonate ions (the carbonate alkalinity). Optimization of the feedrate of polymer based on the carbonate alkalinity results in effective scale inhibition at an LSI value greater than 3.5.

Abstract: A process for optimizing the rate of oxidation using halogen, e.g. chlorine donors to prevent the accumulation of undesirable chlorinated by-products. The feed rate of a chlorine donor is controlled for maintaining a desired ORP, the rate of oxidation is sufficient to prevent the accumulation of the undesirable by-products. Treatment removes the by-products from the water and surrounding air by maintaining continuous breakpoint halogenation conditions.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for treating a liquid (2) to inhibit growth of living organisms therein by adding to the liquid an active biocidal ingredient formed by mixing an oxidant (4) and an amine source (6), by: producing a predetermined dilution of the oxidant (4); producing a predetermined dilution of the amine source (6); synchronously metering the two dilutions into a conduit (16) to continuously mix therein according to a predetermined ratio to produce the active biocidal ingredient having high reproducibility, stability and efficacy in situ in the conduit (16); and continuously injecting the active biocidal ingredient, as it is produced in situ in the conduit (16), directly from the conduit into the liquid being treated.

Abstract: Waste water containing nitrogen compounds is treated by first breaking the nitrogen compounds down by electrolysis in the presence of chlorine ions. The electrolysis step converts chlorine ions to hypochlorite ions. The partially treated water is returned to a storage container. The hypochlorite ions oxidize the nitrogen compounds and are reconverted to chlorine atoms. The partially treated water then may be returned to the electrolysis container to regenerate hypochlorite ions. In a second step, the partially treated waste water is passed over a metal peroxide catalyst. The metal peroxide catalyst further breaks down the nitrogen compounds, and removes the excess hypochlorite ions.

Abstract: A feeder insert apparatus for a tubular water filtration cartridge utilized in household point of use water filtration systems. The feeder insert allows a chemical to be fed into a incoming water supply at a controlled rate by employing a bypass system that allows a predetermined amount of incoming water to flow past the feed chemical without contacting the chemical. The amount of water in the bypass flow can also be manually adjusted through the use of two adjustment mechanisms, an adjustable ring and a rotatable end cap, located on the feeder insert.

Abstract: The present invention comprises devices and methods for treating a standing water system comprising devices for the administration to the standing water system an admixture comprising calcium hypochlorite and borate salts and acids through a perforated distribution device. The method of treating a standing water system more efficiently provides free chlorine to the system, stabilizes the pH of the standing water system, and reduces the undesired side effects of the addition of calcium hypochlorite alone.

Abstract: A method for providing an active sanitized aqueous medium in a dental treatment operation. A chlorinated water supply is treated with a physiologically-safe acidifier to provide a substantially enhanced hypochlorous acid concentration. The water is treated to convert the hypochlorite ion into the much more bacteriocidal undisassociated hypochlorous acid. A reservoir is provided at a suitable location, such as a dental treatment station. Potable water from a suitable source is supplied to the reservoir. The potable water contains free chlorine in an amount of at least 0.1 ppm. The water in the reservoir is treated with a physiologically-safe acidifier selected from the group consisting of inorganic acids, organic acids, and acid esters which have GRAS status.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for automatically adjusting electrolytic production or feeding of a sanitizer such as halogen for treating a water body such as a swimming pool or spa. A microprocessor is responsive to sensors monitoring pH and temperature of the water body to predict demand for sanitizer which varies dependent on pH and temperature and direct a controller which automatically modifies the ON time during an ON/OFF cycle for the sanitizer production system in response to changing demand resulting from changing measurements in temperature and/or pH of the swimming pool water. The controller also modifies an ON/OFF cycle for a circulating pump when demand predicted by the microprocessor exceeds the capability of the sanitizer producer or feeder under an existing ON/OFF pump cycle.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for treating a liquid to inhibit growth of living organisms therein by adding to the liquid an active biocidal ingredient formed by mixing an oxidant and an amine source, by: producing a predetermined dilution of the oxidant; producing a predetermined dilution of the amine source; synchronously metering the two dilutions into a conduit to continuously mix therein according to a predetermined ratio to produce the active biocidal ingredient having high reproducibility, stability and efficacy in situ in the conduit; and continuously injecting the active biocidal ingredient, as it is produced in situ in the conduit, directly from the conduit into the liquid being treated.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process of aqueous phase oxidation of effluents, consisting of subjecting said effluents to oxidation in the presence of at least one catalyst and of at least one oxidising agent, at a temperature of between approximately 20.degree. C. and approximately 350.degree. C., under a total pressure of between approximately 1 and approximately 160 bars, in such manner as to mineralise part of the organic matter and total ammoniated nitrogen contained in said effluents, said oxidation being carried out inside a reactor in which a gaseous phase is set up above the liquid phase consisting of said effluents.characterized in that said catalyst is a heterogeneous catalyst placed inside said reactor above the interface between said gaseous phase and said liquid phase.

Abstract: A stabilized aqueous alkali or alkaline earth metal hypobromite solution is prepared by mixing an aqueous solution of alkali or alkaline earth metal hypochlorite having from about 5 percent to about 70 percent available halogen as chlorine with a water soluble bromide ion source; allowing the bromide ion source and the alkali or alkaline earth metal hypochlorite to react to form a 0.5 to 70 percent by weight aqueous solution of unstabilized alkali or alkaline earth metal hypobromite; adding to the unstabilized solution of alkali or alkaline earth metal hypobromite a suitable stabilizer such as a carbonic acid, hydrogen cyanide, carboxylic acid, amino acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid or boric acid; and recovering a stabilized aqueous alkali or alkaline earth metal hypobromite solution.

Abstract: Swimming pool or drinking water is chlorinated by the use of an intermittent spray-type chlorinator assembly. The chlorinator assembly includes a chamber for holding a quantity of solid dry chlorinating chemical, typically in the form of briquettes or pellets.The water spray impacts, abrades, and dissolves the briquettes to a degree, and at a rate which is controlled by the velocity of the spray; the diameter of the support grid; the percentage of open space in, and the thickness of the support grid; and the cyclic timing of the spray. The chemical-water mixture falls into a chamber below the spray and is evacuated therefrom through discharge/check valve assembly to a return line that leads back to the source of the water being chlorinated. The spray duration times and the intervals therebetween can be selectively changed by an attendant.

Abstract: Methods for treating regulated waters with low levels of oxidizing halogens and hydrogen peroxide are disclosed, wherein the halogen-containing compound is provided with an erosion control agent such as glycoluril, and the hydrogen peroxide is provided with a hydrogen peroxide stabilizer such as a polyquaternary ammonium compound. Additional stabilizers to chelate metals and increase the half life of peroxide in aqueous solutions may also be added.

Abstract: Wastewater lagoons are treated with chlorine oxygen compounds to react with odorous sulfides and mercaptans emanating from the lagoon. A fine spray of an aqueous solution of the chlorine oxygen compound (HOCl, NaClO.sub.2, or NaOCL) is applied over the lagoon. The chlorine oxygen compounds react with the sulfides in the vapor zone above the lagoon, converting the odorous compounds to non-odorous compounds.

Abstract: A method for removing biguanide from aqueous sources, such as swimming pools, is disclosed. The method includes the steps of bringing at least one polymeric metaphosphate into contact with the aqueous source in a sufficient concentration to form particles containing the biguanide. The particles containing at least a portion of the biguanide can then be removed by various means, including filtration or vacuuming.

Abstract: The water of a water system is treated to inhibit corrosion of metal components by passage through an anion exchanger preloaded with corrosion-inhibiting anions. A low molecular weight polymer is added. A chlorine containing slime controlling agent is added. The concentration of the chloride ion in water is maintained below 50 mg/L.

Abstract: A method of treating water by adding to the water a shelf-stable composition of hydrogen peroxide and a polyquaternary ammonium compound, followed by intermittent treatment with chlorine-, bromine- or oxygen-releasing compounds.

Abstract: A process of continuous decomposition of oxidizable materials in aqueous media, e.g. pollutants in effluents, by catalytic reaction with an oxidant, e.g. hypochlorite or hydrogen peroxide, in aqueous solution using a fixed bed of a particulate catalyst of at least 1% of nickel or copper oxide, optionally plus a basic oxide, e.g. zinc oxide, on a porous support is disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention is a method of treating a standing water system comprising the administration to the standing water system of an admixture comprising calcium hypochlorite and borate salts. The method of treating a standing water system provides free chlorine to the system more efficiently than prior art methods, stabilizes the pH of the standing water system, and reduces the undesired side effects of the addition of calcium hypochlorite alone.

Abstract: A novel method and compositions are disclosed for the treatment of water in recirculating water systems. The method includes providing a boron level of at least 20 ppm in the water, continually eroding into the water a compressed sanitizer/algicide component including a halogen source material, a boron source material, and glycoluril, and periodically adding to the water an oxidizing clarifier comprising a chlorine source material, a non-halogen, chlorine source material, and a boron source material. The invention also provides novel water treatment chemicals including the compressed sanitizer/algicide component and the clarifier useful in the foregoing system. The system and compositions are safe and reliable, control algal and fungal growth and generally provide improved water quality for recirculating water systems.

Abstract: A slow-dissolving sanitizing and clarifying puck for use in water such as swimming pool water preferably includes about 63% to about 80% trichloro-s-triazinetrione, about 4% to about 12% sodium tetraborate, about 10% to about 22% aluminum sulfate, and about 1% to 5% glycoluril.

Abstract: A process for preparing a composite which provides sustained release of chlorine dioxide which includes mixing a hydrophilic material containing an amine and a base with a hydrophobic material containing an acid releasing agent, the hydrophilic and hydrophobic materials being adjacent and substantially free of water, to form a mixture. The mixture is exposed to chlorine dioxide which reacts with the amine to form iminium chlorite which is decomposed by the base to form a chlorite salt within the hydrophilic material. The hydrophilic material is capable of releasing chlorine dioxide upon hydrolysis of the acid releasing agent.

Abstract: Apparatus and method are provided for the treatment of potable water. A non-pressurized chlorinator has a first chamber which receives solid calcium hypochlorite tablets. A portion of the potable water flows into the first chamber to produce a chlorine solution in a second chamber of the chlorinator. An eductor is connected in a potable water flow line and draws the chlorine solution from the second chamber to chlorinate the water. A third chamber in fluid communication with the second chamber includes level sensors to control the flow of water into the chlorinator. The use of pumps for injection of chlorine into the potable water supply is eliminated thereby providing a highly reliable and cost effective system. The system is particularly advantageous in that it does not rely upon the use of chlorine gas nor is it necessary to transport or store highly unstable liquid chlorine.

Abstract: A novel method and apparatus is provided for treating and/or disinfecting water and/or wastewater wherein the contact chamber is sealed and under greater than atmospheric pressure having a detention time of no more than 5 minutes and further providing for generating a mixture containing chlorine dioxide having a product storage chamber connected to a first mixing chamber which is connected to a first storage chamber for storing chlorite, a second storage chamber for storing organic acid, and a third storage chamber for storing water, metering means are provided between all chambers, and means for filling are provided to these chambers. Unreacted constituents are removed from the disinfecting solution. Outlet means is provided from the product storage chamber to the pressurized contact chamber where the disinfecting solution is contacted with the water and/or wastewater.

Abstract: A process for reducing the phosphate content in waste water from the preparation of salts of ascorbic acid 2-monophosphate comprisesA. treating the waste water from the crystallization of the metal salts of ascorbic acid 2-monophosphate with an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hypochlorite, chlorine or H.sub.2 O.sub.2,andB. precipitating, at a pH of 9-12, the inorganic phosphate which has been produced from organically bound phosphorus and/or was present in the waste water, especially as calcium phosphate.

Abstract: A treatment system to treat microbially contaminated water and provide a resultant product which is odor and taste-free is disclosed. The system comprises separate quantities of hypochlorite and peroxide generating chemicals. The system is used by first admixing the hypochlorite-containing solution with water and after an interval adding the peroxide-generating material. The peroxide rapidly reacts with and destroys the hypochlorite along with its taste and odor. In a most preferred embodiment, the system includes a third pre-measured quantity of a reducing agent, such as sodium thiosulfate, which may be added following the peroxide treatment step to destroy any hypochlorite-generated chloramine compounds.

Abstract: Free halogen sources (e.g., sodium hypochlorite and chlorine) added as slimicides in high organic component process streams such as pulp and paper processing are rendered more efficacious by the addition of selected N-hydrogen compounds (namely, 5,5-dimethylhydantoin, 5-ethyl-5-methylhydantoin, cyanuric acid, succinimide, urea, 4,4-dimethyl-2-oxazolidinone, and glycouril) to the process stream. The latter compounds may be added to the process stream before or after the slimicide is added or combined with the slimicide and added directly thereto. The direct use of halogenated hydantoins has also been found to provide improved efficacy relative to free halogen sources. In addition, absorbable organic halogen by-products are reduced.

Abstract: A novel method and compositions are disclosed for the treatment of water in recirculating water systems. The method includes providing a boron level of at least 20 ppm in the water, continually eroding into the water a compressed sanitizer/algicide component including a halogen source material, a boron source material, and glycoluril, and periodically adding to the water an oxidizing clarifier comprising a chlorine source material, a non-halogen, chlorine source material, and a boron source material. The invention also provides novel water treatment chemicals including the compressed sanitizer/algicide component and the clarifier useful in the foregoing system. The system and compositions are safe and reliable, control algal and fungal growth and generally provide improved water quality for recirculating water systems.

Abstract: A novel method and compositions are disclosed for the treatment of water in recirculating water systems. The method includes providing a boron level of at least 20 ppm in the water, continually eroding into the water a compressed sanitizer/algicide component including a halogen source material, a boron source material, and glycoluril, and periodically adding to the water an oxidizing clarifier comprising a chlorine source material, a non-halogen, chlorine source material, and a boron source material. The invention also provides novel water treatment chemicals including the compressed sanitizer/algicide component and the clarifier useful in the foregoing system. The system and compositions are safe and reliable, control algal and fungal growth and generally provide improved water quality for recirculating water systems.

Abstract: A water distribution system is provided having a flow rate in the range of approximately 10 to 30 psi. A chlorinator is provided in line with the water distribution system to dispense a chlorine compound into the water distribution system. Calcium hypochlorite in solid form is placed into the housing of the chlorinator, the chlorinator being used to dissolve the solid calcium hypochlorite in water, dilute it to a desired concentration, and dispense it into the water distribution system at a flow rate in the range of approximately 50 to 3500 gallons/day. The chlorinator comprises a housing having a closed bottom with a fluid inlet and outlet, an open top, and a removable top cover. A flow rate control valve in the internal passage regulates the rate of flow in the internal passage providing fluid communication between the fluid inlet and the housing interior.

Abstract: A process for delivering a selected effective amount of a dry granular antimicrobial composition to an aqueous system is provided comprising (a) adding the composition into sealed rigid container means, wherein the container means has at least one resealable opening; (b) establishing sealed communication of at least one of the resealable opening(s) with discharge means for effecting the delivery of the composition from the container means to the aqueous system wherein the discharge means has discharge valve means for effecting the discharge of the selected effective amount of the composition from the discharge means; (c) removing at least one seal from at least one of the resealable opening(s) that is in sealed communication with the discharge means for effecting the discharge of the composition through this resealable opening(s), and into the discharge means; (d) operating the discharge valve means for effecting the discharge of the selected effective amount of the composition from within the discharge means

Abstract: A process for the treatment of liquids containing sulfides comprising moving at least one injection wand into a tank containing the liquid to be treated, wherein the angle between the injection wand and the tank bottom or the angle between the injection wand and the wall of the tank can be altered, and injecting a treating solution through the injection wand to increase the reaction mixing between the injected treating solution and the liquid being treated.