Abstract: The present invention provides a composition and method of administering same for inhibiting the growth of microorganisms. The composition of the present invention includes sufficient amounts of peracetic and a non-oxidizing biocide. The method of the present invention includes the step of adding sufficient amounts of peracetic acid and the non-oxidizing biocide to industrial process waters.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process of aqueous phase oxidation of effluents, consisting of subjecting said effluents to oxidation in the presence of at least one catalyst and of at least one oxidising agent, at a temperature of between approximately 20.degree. C. and approximately 350.degree. C., under a total pressure of between approximately 1 and approximately 160 bars, in such manner as to mineralise part of the organic matter and total ammoniated nitrogen contained in said effluents, said oxidation being carried out inside a reactor in which a gaseous phase is set up above the liquid phase consisting of said effluents.characterized in that said catalyst is a heterogeneous catalyst placed inside said reactor above the interface between said gaseous phase and said liquid phase.

Abstract: The remediation treatment creates environmentally neutral species from hydrocarbon contaminants. A catalyst is injected into the site and is permitted to diffuse through the site. An oxidizing agent is then introduced into the site to release a free radical in a Fenton-type reaction. The compounds react to release a free radical, which acts upon the contaminants to form environmentally neutral species. Diffusion of both compounds is aided by turbulence induced in the groundwater. Reaction vapors are collected above ground, filtered, and vented to the atmosphere.

Abstract: Owing to the concomitant storage, transport, material and handling problems and the unsatisfactory retarding of reinfection, the use of commercially available peracetic acid solutions with a high peracetic acid (PES) and acetic acid content for disinfecting large quantities of aqueous solutions, e.g. purification plant outlets, has been closely limited. It is possible to disinfect even large quantities of aqueous solutions economically and at the same time retard reinfection by using a peracetic acid solution containing 1.5 to 2.5 wt. % peracetic acid and 40 to 60 wt. % hydrogen peroxide and under 2 wt. % acetic acid as a disinfectant. The use of a peracetic acid solution with less than 1 wt. % acetic acid is preferred.

Abstract: A process is provided for removing the NO.sub.x from a fluid stream (e.g. a waste gas stream such as a flue gas stream produced during combustion). The process entails the contacting of the stream, prior to discharge into the atmosphere, with an aqueous alkaline solution containing an organic hydroperoxide such as cumenyl hydroperoxide or tert-butyl hydroperoxide. The solution has a pH of greater than 7 to about 14 which is provided by an alkali such as calcium hydroxide or calcium carbonate. The process is preferably carried out at a temperature of 50 to 95.degree. C.

Abstract: Heated hydrogen peroxide reagent under pressure is supplied to a well for underground remediation of pollution; the reaction with the pollutant is exothermic so that the high temperature of the reagent when injected is maintained as the reagent spreads. The remediation reaction is monitored by sensors, to regulate the supply of reagent and to shut off the supply automatically when the pollutant has been reduced to an acceptable level.

Abstract: Refinery waste feedstock is screened to remove large particles and is diluted to less than 5% solids weight percent to form a slurry. The slurry is agitated and heated to 180.degree. F. or higher for a time sufficient to melt waxy petroleum solids, reduce the viscosity of the slurry, reduce the density of petroleum fractions within the slurry, and begin to break surface adhesion of petroleum to residual fines. The conditioned slurry is passed through a first disc/bowl centrifuge which separates more than 80% of the waste volume as a first liquid effluent containing most of the petroleum fractions from the original waste and which may be returned to the refinery for processing. The residual cake is diluted with hot water to form a second slurry and is treated with an amount of hydrogen peroxide for a time sufficient to lyse and/or liberate residual petroleum bound to inert fine particles and to oxidize toxic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to non-toxic derivatives.

Abstract: Methods of treating boiler water to remove organic compounds, and bleaching pulp for paper making by adding hydrogen peroxide under an elevated pressure for a defined period of time, and at a specified temperature range.

Abstract: Method for the regeneration of active carbon and polymeric adsorbents having oxidizable, organic pollutants adsorbed thereon by electrochemical and chemical means and apparatus therefor. The method involves a desorption step and a decomposition step. Desorption is accomplished in one embodiment by flowing an aqueous stream at a preselected pH through the adsorbent material. Generally, decomposition is accomplished by contacting an aqueous stream containing an organic pollutant with hydroxyl radicals. Sequential or simultaneous desorption and decomposition can also take place during electrolysis in an electrolytic cell. During decomposition the active carbon can be made a carbon bed electrode of the cell. Electrolysis to produce peroxide can take place in the presence of a transition metal or a chelate of a transition metal while feeding an oxygen containing gas to the electrolysis cell.

Abstract: Methods for treating regulated waters with low levels of oxidizing halogens and hydrogen peroxide are disclosed, wherein the halogen-containing compound is provided with an erosion control agent such as glycoluril, and the hydrogen peroxide is provided with a hydrogen peroxide stabilizer such as a polyquaternary ammonium compound. Additional stabilizers to chelate metals and increase the half life of peroxide in aqueous solutions may also be added.

Abstract: A method for oxidatively breaking down organic compounds that have low biodegradability and are difficult to oxidize chemically in aqueous effluents, by using a water-soluble peroxide oxidant in the presence of a water-soluble iron or manganese metallophthalocyanine immobilized on an ionic resin consisting of a cross-linked insoluble copolymer derived from a vinylaromatic monomer comprising cationic or anionic groups. The method is particularly suitable for oxidatively decomposing polyhalogenophenols and halogenated hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A process for the processing of spent photographic baths of black and white processes, namely developing baths with a preponderant content of alkali sulphite, particularly sodium sulphite, and fixing baths with a preponderant content of thiosulphates, particularly ammonium thiosulphate and/or sodium thiosulphate is proposed and is characterized in that following the deposition of the silver contained in the baths, the spent fixing baths are brought to a pH of approximately 0.5 with concentrated HCl and the elementary sulphur resulting from the decomposition of the thiosulphates is separated, whilst the remaining sulphurous acid intermediate solution is mixed with the spent developing baths and adjusted to a pH of approximately 2 and the resulting, SO.sub.2 -supersaturated solution is heated and pure SO.sub.2 is drawn off in a vacuum. Finally, the residual solution is adjusted to a pH of approximately 10 with Ca(OH).sub.2 and the liberated ammonia is drawn off.

Abstract: A chemical warfare agent decontamination solution made up of about 20% of a quaternary ammonium complex containing benzyltrimethylammoniumchloride and benzyltriethylammonium chloride and about 20% by weight of an oxidizer, dissolved in a solvent, such as water or glycol, is provided. This solution is a noncorrosive, nontoxic, nonflammable decontaminant, which may also be used to neutralize organophosphorus agricultural chemicals.

Abstract: A method of purifying water includes contacting water containing an oxide of chlorine, such as chlorine dioxide, chlorite, or chlorate, with a water purification composition that includes a Group 11 or Group 12 metal such as silver, copper, or zinc.

Abstract: A method of remediating water or soil contaminated with contaminants including one or more halogenated, phenyl related biphenyl related, triazine related, and petroleum related compounds includes reacting the contaminated water or soil with an oxidant, and one or more metals in elemental or alloy form until essentially all of the contaminants has been decomposed and the water or soil is essentially free of the contaminants.

Abstract: Oxidizable contaminants in water are destroyed quickly and efficiently by exposing a contaminated water flow to oxidizing conditions under pressure. Specifically, ozone generated from oxygen and hydrogen peroxide are injected into the water flow in at least one, and preferably more than one, high intensity mixing/reaction stage. The ozone and hydrogen peroxide are injected at velocities and directions approximately matching those of the contaminated water flow. High intensity mixing under pressure facilitates rapid and complete oxidation of the contaminants with minimal stripping of volatile contaminants and waste of undissolved ozone. Residual ozone levels after high intensity mixing are carefully monitored and minimized by adjusting the injection of hydrogen peroxide and ozone in order to suppress the formation of bromate.

Abstract: An alkali metal peroxydisulfate or caroate can be used alone or in combination to destroy haloform present in an aqueous system. The destruction results in a reduction in the amount of haloform in the system. In another aspect, uv light and the peroxydisulfate and/or caroate can be used together to destroy the haloform present in the aqueous system.

Abstract: A method for efficient, economical and rapid remediation of aromatic hydrocarbons, and especially polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), in contaminated materials, such as soils, sludges, tars, sands and liquids using catalysts in conjunction with ozone, oxidants and surfactants. The method uses multistage catalytic oxidation to convert aromatic hydrocarbons into innocuous, biodegradable, or easily decomposed compounds such as carbon dioxide and carbonyl compounds, including but not limited to aldehydes, ketones, quinones and carboxylic acids. The method may be employed to treat dry and wet contaminated samples of large tonnage and offers an excellent alternative to incineration.

Abstract: In order to treat an aqueous acid effluent resulting from the decontamination of a component of a nuclear power station, the effluent containing an organic load comprising an organic reducing agent and nitrate ions and at least one oxidizing compound is introduced into the effluent. The effluent is then subjected to ultraviolet radiation and the totality of the organic load is thus converted into water and carbon dioxide, as well as possibly into at least one oxide of a chemical element present in the organic load, while neutralizing the effluent.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the decomposition of material selected from the group consisting of organic compounds, inorganic compounds, or combinations thereof to compounds which are environmentally acceptable, or are amenable to further degradation by conventional disposal systems to produce environmentally acceptable products, which process comprises: (a) conveying an aqueous solution or an aqueous slurry of material into a reaction zone capable of withstanding the temperatures and pressures of decomposition of the material; (b) contacting the material in the reaction zone with aqueous sodium carbonate as a reactant in an amount effective to decompose the material under hot water or supercritical water oxidation conditions of between about 300.degree. and 600.degree. C. and a pressure of between about 20 and 400 atmospheres for between 0.

Abstract: A process for removing inorganic and/or oxidizable nitrogen compounds from industrial effluent. The nitrogen compounds in the effluent can be simultaneously recovered for use in production processes. The method for eliminates inorganic nitrogen compounds from wastewater, by neutralizing wastewater with a neutralizer to a pH of approximately 7 to obtain a neutralized solution. The neutralizer is a sodium hydroxide solution or ammonia. Next the neutralized solution is evaporated. The inorganic nitrate compounds present in the inorganic nitrogen compounds are eliminated from the wastewater in the form of the corresponding neutralized nitrate.

Abstract: A cation exchanger is loaded only with radioactive cations by repeatedly converting the non-bivalent, inactive cations into anionic complexes and flushing the complexes out of the cation exchanger. The cation exchanger, which may be integrated in a primary system of a nuclear power plant, is connected to a feed line for a complexing agent and to a discharge line through which the anionic complexes are flushed from the exchanger.

Abstract: A process for the treatment of an aqueous media having contaminants therein, comprising adding hydrogen peroxide to the aqueous media; and exposing the aqueous media to a catalytic environment for a time long enough to form usable reactive intermediates and short enough to prevent scavenging of the usable reactive intermediates formed. Also provided is a reactor for achieving the process.

Abstract: A method of remediating methyl amine and/or methyl amine derivative odors in aqueous systems by contacting the methyl amine or methyl amine derivative with a compound having amide or imide functionality, such as a hydantoin composition, in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. The amide/imide composition is preferably a non-halogenated, singe-ring hydantoin that binds methyl amines to the amide or imide functional group of the hydantoin.

Abstract: An all-in-one cooling water treatment composition includes a high concentration of peroxide, preferably hydrogen peroxide, in combination with a polyhydric alcohol and a phosphonate to stabilize the peroxide in a concentrated solution. The composition further includes a yellow metal corrosion inhibitor such as aromatic triazole and optionally polymeric dispersants and ferrous metal corrosion inhibitors and/or molybdate metal corrosion inhibitors. In this composition the phosphonate, preferably HEDP, acts both to stabilize the peroxide and, at the same time, provides anti-scalant treatment for the cooling tower. Due to the stability provided by the HEDP and its anti-scalant properties, this can be formulated as an all-in-one treatment composition which is stable at high concentrations and can be added to effectively control biocidal activity, scale and corrosion.

Abstract: Friable solid material contaminated by oxidizable hydrocarbons such as petrochemicals is delivered into a system wherein that material is subjected to a series of physical and chemical reactions to separate the contaminants from the solid material. The system can receive solid material, separate coarse and fine material and suspend the fine material in an aqueous medium. The aqueous suspension is subjected to temperature adjustment and the addition of an oxidizing agent preferably hydrogen peroxide. The suspension is agitated for a period of time to allow the hydrocarbons to be oxidized. The gaseous oxidation products are stripped and separated from the residual solid material. The aqueous suspension of solid material and diluent are physically separated and the solid material may be returned to its point of origin after treatment. The process and apparatus for carrying out the process are preferably applied to soils containing hydrocarbon pollutants.

Abstract: In a process for UV decomposition of waste water containing organic substances as contaminants, the organic substances can be efficiently decomposed with maintaining a high decomposition rate by controlling addition of an oxidizing agent based on COD value of the waste water; for example, when the oxidizing agent is hydrogen peroxide, its concentration is continuously controlled within the range of 0.5 to 1.0 equivalents to the COD value.

Abstract: A Method for destruction of pathogenic organisms in water is described. When used in conjunction with a rough filtration prior to chemical treatment, the method purifies drinking water for consumption by humans. The method is based on the well-known ability of alkaline solutions to kill micro-organisms. The method uses dry pellets of either sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or potassium hydroxide (KOH). These are added to the water in proper proportion. The resulting alkaline solution is allowed to stand for a short period of time, typically one hour or more. And then the resulting solution is neutralized by the addition of an edible acid, such as citric or tartaric acid. The resulting water has a more or less neutral pH, and does not have an unpleasant taste.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition and method of administering same for inhibiting the growth of microorganisms. The composition of the present invention includes sufficient amounts of a peracetic acid or peracetic acid/peracid blend and a non-oxidizing biocide. The method of the present invention includes the step of adding sufficient amounts of the peracetic acid or peracetic acid/peracid blend and the non-oxidizing biocide to industrial process waters.

Abstract: A method of treating water by adding to the water a shelf-stable composition of hydrogen peroxide and a polyquaternary ammonium compound, followed by intermittent treatment with chlorine-, bromine- or oxygen-releasing compounds.

Abstract: Algicides are added to water for the algicidal treatment of the water, especially swimming-pool water. The disadvantages of known methods can be avoided or reduced if chlorohexidine or a salt thereof is used as algicide. Chlorohexidine and its salts are distinguished by a broad spectrum of algicidal action at very low concentrations of use.

Abstract: A method of treating water with peroxyacids and/or chlorine dioxide to supplement PHMB and/or H.sub.2 O.sub.2 and/or polyquaternary ammonium compounds and/or boron-containing compounds.

Abstract: A water purifier includes a housing that contains a purification material for purifying the water. The water purifier is placed a flow of circulating water in the spa. The purification material preferably can be a silver-containing material.

Abstract: The invention relates to a water purification composition including silver metal and a second metal. The second metal is relatively reducing and helps control the overall silver cation concentration in solution. The composition effectively disinfects and removes toxic metal ions from water.

Abstract: A process is proposed for the chemical oxidative treatment of a medium, e.g. sewage sludge, containing organic constituents, which comprises two process steps. In the first process step, the medium is heated to a first preset low temperature range and kept in this temperature range for a preset treatment duration. In a second process step, the sludge is then heated to a second preset low temperature range, pressurized in a preset low pressure range and kept in this temperature and pressure range for a preset treatment duration. In the course of this, an oxygen-containing gas, e.g. air or oxygen-enriched air or technical grade oxygen is introduced into the medium at least intermittently. The low temperatures and pressures provided in the two process steps are below or at most in the lower third of the temperature and pressure ranges of 150.degree.-370.degree. C. and 10-220 bar conventional in the wet-oxidation processes.

Abstract: A process is provided for treating aqueous streams contaminated with electron affinic contaminants. Accordingly, these contaminants are removed by producing a reactive intermediate that is generated in-situ and then reacting the reactive intermediate thus produced with the electron affinic contaminant. The reactive intermediate is produced in the aqueous stream by maintaining low levels of oxygen in the stream and by providing a reducing radical precursor, such as an alcohol, to the aqueous stream.

Abstract: A contaminated fluid such as water or a gas stream containing at least one organic contaminant is contacted in a continuous process with a particulate geothite catalyst in a reactor in the presence of hydrogen peroxide or ozone or both to decompose the organic contaminants.

Abstract: A method of treating contaminants in soil and/or groundwater comprising adding a source of an oxidizing agent and a reaction product complex of a ligand donor and a metal catalyst to the in situ environment and the reaction product complex employed therein.

Abstract: Hydrogen peroxide or a hydrogen peroxide producing agent is added to a water system having copper or copper alloy such as a thermal storage water system or a closed water system whereby the concentration of hydrogen peroxide in the circulating water becomes 1 to 200 mgH.sub.2 O.sub.2 /L. Hydrogen peroxide produces oxygen and oxygen works microbes directly so as to remove the microbial fouling and thus prevent the pitting corrosion in copper or its alloy due to microbial contamination.

Abstract: Process for the purifying of waters for human consumption by means of a treatment with organic peracids, such as peracetic acid, performic acid, perpropionic acid.

Abstract: A method for treating waste water streams by introducing a mixture of pre-heated waste water and an amount of oxidant lower than that required to oxidize all the organic matter in the waste stream into the front port of an elongate tubular reaction chamber. The amount of oxidant is preferably high enough, however, to raise the temperature of the stream in the reaction chamber to 750.degree.-1,200.degree. F. A first injection side port is preferably located downstream from the front port of the reaction chamber at a distance at which the temperature has reached a maximum value, and 90-100% of the available oxidant has been consumed. Oxidant and water may be simultaneously injected through the first port, in a manner that the amount of oxidant is adequate to oxidize a specified amount of organic matter, and the amount of water is effective to counterbalance the heat produced by the reaction of the co-injected oxidant with the respective organic matter.

Abstract: Aromatic organic contaminants in waste water efficiently removed by oxidizing the contaminants with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a catalytic amount of ferrous ions, at an acid pH, to produce an oxidized water which may be passed through activated carbon to adsorb residual organic contaminants; the process is especially useful for treatment of contaminated water derived from a wood preservation treatment and containing polyaromatic hydrocarbons and phenols and/or chlorinated phenols.

Abstract: Manganese(IV)-containing oxides are effective catalysts for oxidation of water-soluble cyanide over a wide pH range (0.5-12) and temperature (15.degree.-250.degree. C.). Oxygen is the preferred oxidizing agent at partial pressures between about 0.2 and 5 atmospheres (2.9-75 psi, 20-517 kPa). Electrolytically deposited MnO.sub.2 is one preferred form of the catalyst. Another preferred manganese(IV)-containing oxide is the group of cation-stabilized manganese(IV)-containing oxides illustrated by cryptomelane. Yet another preferred form of manganese(IV)-containing oxide is a group of crystalline manganese phosphate compositions having an extended network and an empirical composition on an anhydrous basis expressed by an empirical formula of:(A.sup.a+).sub.v (Mn.sup.b+)(M.sup.c+).sub.x P.sub.y O.sub.

Abstract: A method for the treatment of waste water, which comprises treating waste water containing at least a sulfide-type malodorous substance, in the presence of a transition metal compound and hydrogen peroxide or a hydrogen peroxide-forming compound, wherein at least an iron family element compound and a vanadium family element compound are used as the transition metal compound.

Abstract: A chemical composition for use in purifying water used in swimming pools having surfaces that are comprised of materials that do not react with or dissolve in water, comprising for 2.5 kg of the chemical composition, 1.25 kg of potassiumpersulphate, 300 g of sodium bisulfate, 250 g of ammonium chloride, 100 g of aluminum sulfate, 250 g of sodium bicarbonate, 250 g of calcium chloride and 100 g of ethylendiamine tetra acetic acid (abbreviated EDTA). The potassiumpersulfate and the ammonium chloride are effective in disinfecting water to be purified and in eradicating algae and bacteria therein. The sodium bisulfate, sodium bicarbonate and the calcium chloride are effective in balancing the pH of water to be purified to a pH value within an optimum range between 7.2 and 7.6. The aluminum sulfate serves as a flocculation aid and the copper sulfate is effective in the eradication of black algae. The EDTA is effective to complexing heavy metals in the water.

Abstract: The invention is a process for preventing microbial growth in aqueous streams by applying a C.sub.2 -C.sub.12 percarboxylic acid or mixture of such acids to the aqueous stream and to an automated dispensing system for the percarboxylic acids based on a correlation between oxidation-reduction-potential and anti-microbial levels of the aqueous stream. Generally, the process of the invention is applicable to aqueous streams used in any number of applications such as the application of streams for the transport of food products, e.g. fruits or vegetables, into the processing environment and through the various steps of processing.

Abstract: A process for treating effluent containing cyanide by contacting the effluent with a mixture formed from a source of hydrogen peroxide and a source of magnesium ion to oxidize the cyanide. The ratio of hydrogen peroxide to cyanide is up to 10:1 and the amount of magnesium ion is present in the concentration of 0.1 to 1000 ppm per liter of aqueous waste effluent.

Abstract: A method for sterilizing liquid chromatography resins that are highly resistant to oxidation by strongly oxidizing agents and a sterilization solution for use therein. In a preferred embodiment, the invention comprises contacting an oxidant-resistant chromatographic resin with an aqueous solution of peracetic acid and up to 40% ethanol. In particular, where the solution is to be used to sterilize a positively charged ion-exchange resin, the solution preferably additionally includes an acetate buffer of a sufficient ionic strength to prevent adsorption of the peracetic acid ions on the resin.

Abstract: The invention is a process for preventing microbial growth in aqueous streams by applying a C.sub.2 -C.sub.12 percarboxylic acid such as, for example, peracetic, perpropionic, perbutyric, peroctanoic, perglycolic, perlactic, percitric; and the like to the aqueous stream. Generally, the process of the invention is applicable to aqueous streams used in any number of applications such as the application of streams for the transport of food products, e.g. fruits or vegetables, into the processing environment and through the various steps of processing.

Abstract: A process is described for removing noxious compounds such as hydrocarbons which may or may not contain halogen and/or may or may not be aromatic, from solids (soil), water or gas, according to which process the solid, the water or the gas is treated with a complex of a transition metal and an alkaline polyamine in the presence of a peroxide. The complex is, for example, a complex of iron chloride and 1,4,7-trimethyl-1,4,7-triazonane. The peroxide is preferably electrochemically produced hydrogen peroxide.