Abstract: A method for providing biological control to a flow of water in a recirculating potable hot water system. In such a system, water is subjected to an initial chemical treatment using an oxidizing biocide such as chlorine dioxide or peracetic acid that rapidly kills biofilm and Legionella bacteria. This treatment is continued until existing Legionella bacteria and biofilm are controlled. Once the bacteria and biofilm are controlled the chemical treatment is stopped. Starting concurrently with the chemical treatment or at the termination of the chemical treatment, non-chemical water treatment is provided. The non-chemical water treatment maintains the water system in a condition which is free of Legionella bacteria and biofilm. Chemical water treatment may be repeated intermittently should it prove desirable or necessary.

Abstract: The waterborne vessel, in one embodiment, utilizes an underwater tunnel through which passes flowing water, an ozone gas generator, an ozone plus hydroxyl radical gas generator and a source of atmospheric oxygen. A manifold mixer mixes pressurized water independently with the ozone, the ozone plus hydroxyl radical gas and the atmospheric oxygen to produce corresponding oxygenated water mixtures. Each of these oxygenated water mixtures are fed via a conduit system into the confined flow of water passing through the tunnel. A diversion channel with reverse flow channel permits super saturation of diverted flow from the primary underwater tunnel channel to provide super saturated oxygenated water with ozone plus hydroxyl radical gases and atmospheric oxygen water mixtures. A decontamination method is also provided.

Abstract: A solid form of an inorganic peroxide product and associated process for the treatment, remediation, etc. of natural, man-made, industrial, municipal, etc., water bodies such as ponds, streams, lakes, canals, paddies, tanks, lagoons, pools, pipelines, etc, especially those that are contaminated, as well as in situ and ex situ treatment of sediment and soil.

Abstract: A recovery system for platinum electrolytic baths operating at low current densities is disclosed. An oxidizing system is provided in a closed-loop recirculation system for platinum plating at low current densities. The oxidizing system reoxidizes Pt+2 ions, which are typically formed at low current densities, to Pt+4 ions by using oxidizers, for example peroxide. A sensor may be also provided to detect the relative concentration of [Pt+2] ions to [Pt+4] ions and to tailor the relative concentrations to a predetermined level.

Abstract: A method and composition for reducing chemical oxygen demand is presented. The composition includes a persulfate donor and a transition metal catalyst in contact with the persulfate donor. When the composition is contacted by water, the transition metal catalyst reacts with persulfate and reduces the persulfate concentration in the water. The composition allows the use of persulfate, which is known to cause irritation to users of aquatic facilities (e.g., pools, spas) that come in contact with it. As the persulfate concentration is reduced rapidly in the water by the catalyzed reaction, the persulfate-containing cleaning product may even be used while the aquatic facilities are being used. Optionally, a free halogen donor may be incorporated into the composition. The composition may be in the form of powder, granules (coated or uncoated), or agglomerate.

Abstract: An oxidizing agent comprising a pre-measured amount of stabilized potassium hydrogen peroxymonosulfate and a buffer in a sealed water-soluble pouch, said pouch comprising a hydrolyzed copolymer of vinyl acetate and at least one of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, itaconic acid, and esters thereof is disclosed.

Abstract: An improved method for treating organic compounds present in soil, groundwater and other environments is disclosed. The method involves the use of a peroxygen compound and a chelated transition metal.

Abstract: A dissolved oxygen releasing blend is disclosed utilizing magnesium peroxide blended with powdered Bentonite and/or vegetable oil. The Bentonite (or other clay material) reduces the hydraulic conductivity of magnesium peroxide, thereby reducing the rate of magnesium peroxide disassociation.

Abstract: Contaminants, such as volatile organic compounds, are removed from an environmental medium, such as contaminated soil, rock, groundwater, waste water and the like, by treatment with a combination of a persulfate, such as a sodium persulfate, and hydrogen peroxide.

Abstract: A method for oxidizing an organic material includes the steps of (a) forming a preoxidation mixture comprising the organic material and water, and (b) causing the preoxidation mixture to react with a liquid oxidizer in a continuous flow reactor supercritical conditions for water, including a pressure of at least 3206 psia and a temperature of at least 705° F., to form a post-oxidation mixture containing condensible material and non-condensible material, wherein substantially all of the organic material has been oxidized.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the in situ and ex situ oxidation of organic compounds in soils, sludges, ground-water, process water and wastewater and especially relates to the in situ oxidation of volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds, pesticides and herbicides, and other recalcitrant organic compounds, in soil and groundwater using percarbonate activated persulfate.

Abstract: A waste stream is treated in a pre-filter having media, preferably sand, connected below a zero-valent metal column reactor incorporating a metal with reducing potential, preferably elemental iron (Fe0); the combination preferably configured as a single unit. The waste stream is pumped through the pre-filter to trap solids and deoxygenate it, then enters the reactor and is subjected to a reducing process. Most of the Fe0 is transformed to the ferrous ion (Fe+2), mixed with the reduced product, and fed to a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) in which Fenton oxidation occurs. The output is then sent to a sedimentation tank and pH-neutralized using a strong base such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The aqueous portion is drawn off and the sludge pumped from the sedimentation tank. The system is monitored and controlled to optimize required additives, while monitoring of pressure drop across the pre-filter and column reactor establishes replacement requirements.

Abstract: An improved method and compositions for treating organic compounds present in soil, groundwater and other environments is disclosed. The method involves the use of a composition comprising a solid state, water soluble peroxygen compound and zero valent iron.

Abstract: An encapsulated reactant(s) having at least one encapsulant and at least one reactant. An outermost encapsulant is substantially nonreacting, impermeable and nondissolving with water. The reactant(s) contribute to at least one reaction with contaminants in environmental media rendering the environmental media less harmless. Processes for using the encapsulated reactant in environmental media is also hereby claimed.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for hydrocarbon recovery and/or treatment of frac water includes introducing a volume of water into a formation, recovering the introduced water, with the recovered introduced water further comprising suspended hydrocarbon product. The recovered liquid is treated to remove substantial amounts of the suspended hydrocarbon product, provide the treated recovered liquid with a ORP in a range of 150 mv to 1000 mv, and partially desalinated, and is either re-introduced as treated recovered liquid with the ORP into a formation to assist in recovery of additional hydrocarbon deposits in the formation, or is stored to reduce the ORP and then subsequently discharged into surface waters.

Abstract: The invention includes compositions and a method of treating water to reduce algae in bodies of water, including decorative fountains, swimming pools, wastewater lagoons, storage reservoirs, and ornamental lakes and ponds, such as water features on golf courses. The composition includes a blend of two solid peroxygen compounds: sodium percarbonate and either sodium perborate tetrahydrate or sodium perborate monohydrate. An anticaking agent, such as calcium silicate may be added. The method includes administering the blend to the water by a variety of means, such as manual broadcasting or placing in a chemical feeding device.

Abstract: The control systems and technique can regulate or control operations of a water treatment system in a primary control mode and, when appropriate, in a secondary or an alternate control mode. The primary control can represent a normal control mode during which the water treatment system is intended to operate. The alternate control mode can represent a second control or mode of operation. The systems can be operated to control or facilitate regulation, monitoring, and performance of one or more operating parameters of one or more water systems between, or to and from, a first mode, a second or alternate mode, and, in some cases, a third or even a fourth control mode. The change in control mode can be triggered by identifying one or more predetermined, pre-selected, and/or programmed conditions.

Abstract: To minimize an amount of hydrogen peroxide required for controlling the production of bromic acid in an ozone/hydrogen peroxide treatment. The ozone/hydrogen peroxide treatment is performed at an ozone injection rate by which a predetermined dissolved ozone concentration of the water subjected to an ozone treatment alone can be maintained or at an ozone injection rate by which a specific ratio of absorbance at a specific wavelength of the water to absorbance at a specific wavelength of the water subjected to the ozone treatment alone can be achieved. It is preferable that the injection rate of hydrogen peroxide is 0.01 to 5 times the ozone injection rate on a mass basis.

Abstract: Compositions and methods and for contaminants from water are provided. The compositions comprise ferric hydroxide and ferric oxyhydride coated substrates for use in removing the contaminant from the water Contacting water bearing the contaminant with the substrates can substantially reduce contaminant levels therein. Methods of oxidizing the contaminants in water to facilitate their removal by the ferric hydroxide and ferric oxyhydride coated substrates are also provided. The contaminants include, but are not limited to, arsenic, selenium, uranium, lead, cadmium, nickel, copper, zinc, chromium and vanadium, their oxides and soluble salts thereof.

Abstract: A process for oxidation of oxidizable materials which are dissolved or suspended in a liquid phase. A contactor in the form of a porous membrane is used. The contactor is designed such that an oxidizing phase flows along one surface thereof while the phase to be oxidized flows along another surface. The oxidation is catalyzed by (i) a catalyst material which constitutes the porous membrane or is deposited in or onto a porous membrane support, or (ii) a catalyst material which is supplied to one or both of the feed streams comprising the oxidizing phase and the phase to be oxidized.

Abstract: The invention is a process for treatment of brown grease, where the brown grease comprises water, food solids and free-oil. This process starts with the collection of the brown grease into a container. The brown grease's pH is adjusted with a chemical treatment to produce an adjusted brown grease phase. To the adjusted brown grease phase an anionic copolymer treatment mixture is added along with a cationic copolymer to form a reaction mixture. The reaction mixture reacts for a period of time, and during this time wastewater is discharged from the reaction mixture to produce resulting solids. The resulting solids are then transferred from the container for disposal or are processed further into a fuel or soil additive.

Abstract: A method for making a web having a metal-ion sequestering agent and treating a liquid using the web. The method of making the web includes electrostatically providing at least one metal-ion sequestering agent and/or antimicrobial agent. The web can be used to tread a liquid by placing the web into a tank and subjecting the liquid to the web.

Abstract: The invention is a formulation for remedial additives to be introduced into environmental medium, where the formulation is designed to reduce unwanted movement through the environmental medium. The formulation includes an inorganic thickening agent to adjust viscosity and a diluent, in addition to components for chemical and/or bioremediation.

Abstract: A method of processing liquid organic waste, whereas sludge liquid is separated from sludge solid. The sludge solid is pasteurized and pumped into the formation unit. The heat gases (heart, emission, air pressure, ash, dust, and etcetera) force sludge solid to move more than one direction creating ocean waves look alike and the liquid substance in sludge solid is steamed out of the unit to designate location and the dried substance becomes an energy fuel product equivalent to coal.

Abstract: Systems and methods for controlling resistivity and pH levels in a coolant delivery system are provided. The coolant delivery system can employ a first ion introduction element that introduces hydrogen ions into a coolant of the coolant delivery system, and a second ion introduction element that introduces hydroxide ions into the coolant. An amount of hydrogen ions and an amount of hydroxide ions introduced into the coolant can be selected to substantially maintain an acceptable resistivity and pH level of the coolant.

Abstract: A method of treating hardly decomposable harmful substance comprising (A) a step for adding coagulant into wastewater containing a hardly decomposable harmful substance, (B) a step for performing solid-liquid separation which separates a solid containing the hardly decomposable harmful substance from a liquid, and (C) a step for decomposing the hardly decomposable harmful substance by bringing peroxide into contact with the separated solid. Efficiently and safely treating the hardly decomposable harmful substances by means of low-cost facilities realizes.

Abstract: Methods of decontaminating water, catalysts therefor and methods of making catalysts for decontaminating water to neutralize contaminants including organic and non-organic contaminants, such as aromatic compounds and microorganisms, e.g. bacteria. A heterogeneous catalyst is formed by incubating a polymeric resin with a transition metal-salt solution, e.g. a CuSO4 solution. The contaminated water is treated by immersing the resulting heterogeneous catalyst in the contaminated water with hydrogen peroxide.

Abstract: An oxidation process is described which involves subjecting a feedstock which contains oxidizable material to temperature, pressure and contact with an oxidant. Excess water and volatile oxidation products, such as carbon dioxide, formic acid and acetic acid, are removed in the vapor phase. A catalyst may be employed to increase the rate of reaction. Preferred catalysts include the transition metal ions. Advantageously, the process may be operated in a continuous manner wherein the feedstock is continuously introduced into a reactor and a vapor phase containing volatile oxidation products continuously removed. The process is particularly applicable to the treatment of consumer and industrial waste.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method, devices, and reagents which are are used for Fenton reaction-based wastewater treatment. According to the invention, the oxidation reaction of organic material with the oxygenated water is performed in the main oxidation reactor (12) in the presence of metallic catalysts. The Fenton reaction takes place in the reactor at absolute pressure of between 1 Kg/cm2 and 1.5 Kg/cm2 and at a temperature between 110° C. and 120° C. Once treated and cooled, the effulent is conveyed to zone D to a neutralising tank (6) in which the pH is increased to a value greater than seven, thereby causing a precipitation of the hydroxides. In addition, safety checks are carried out automatically.

Abstract: A process for treatment of water via membrane separation equipment. A feedwater is maintained or adjusted to a pH of 4.3 or lower, and fed to a membrane separation system. In this manner, species such as TOC become more ionized, and (a) their rejection by the membrane separation process is significantly increased, and (b) their solubility in the reject stream from the membrane process is significantly increased. Passage TOC through the membrane is significantly reduced. A recovery ratio of eighty percent (80%) or higher is achievable with most feedwaters, while simultaneously achieving a substantial reduction in cleaning frequency of the membrane separation equipment. The method is particularly useful for the preparation of high purity water.

Abstract: A method for treating contaminates includes emitting plural streams of a fluid into a soil formation with the streams having different radii of influences in different directions. A direction microporous diffuser includes a holder member having plural compartments and plural hollow, elongated members having porous sidewalls, the plural hollow, elongated members supported in the plural compartments of the holder member with each hollow, elongated member including a an inlet port at a first end of the elongated member and second end of the elongated member being sealed.

Abstract: The invention concerns a peroxosilicated, optionally phosphatized, disinfecting compound with scale preventive effect obtained by reacting an alkaline or alkaline-earth metasilicate with an active oxygen-releasing compound, for example potassium monopersulphate and/or oxygen peroxide, in inert medium. The compound can be stabilized with sodium hexametaphosphate. Copper and aluminium in salt form can be encapsulated or complexed with the metasilicate so that the resulting peroxosilicated compound can be used for its disinfecting, scale preventive, anticorrosive, flocculating and algicidal properties for more than three weeks.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for introducing a first fluid of a first oxidative/reductive potential type into a first zone of a site and introducing a second fluid of a second, different oxidative/reductive potential type into a second zone of the site, with the second zone and the first zone adjacent each other to efficiently remove contaminants from groundwater and surrounding soils.

Abstract: Waste in a black or gray water holding tank is treated by an oxygen activated biocide by the addition of tetra acetyl ethylene diamine (TAED) and a peroxygen compound. Hydrogen peroxide and/or peracetic acid are released over a period of time and thus maintained in the wastewater solution. Peracetic acid under controlled release conditions dissipates prior to the wastewater being deposited in a wastewater treatment plant.

Abstract: Continuous breakpoint halogenation with hydroxyl free radical species is used to increase the rate of sanitization a water system and maintain a high rate of oxidation in the bulk water of the pool, spas, and other water systems despite the presence of accumulated demand. Undesirable compounds can be eliminated by maintaining a level of desired oxidation potential. The feedrate and ratio of halogen donor and free radical species can be optimized to sustain the desired ppm range of halogen and sustain an ORP of, for example, 780 mV-820 mV. Sustaining these parameters can prevent or even reverse the accumulation of combined halogen and other halogenated volatile compounds, which can contaminate the air and water of water facilities such as indoor swimming pools.

Abstract: A synergistic composition is provided for controlling odor from waste products. The composition comprises a combination of nitrate salt, sulfide-consuming compound, pH-elevating compound, sulfide-oxidizing, nitrate-reducing bacteria, and sulfide-oxidizing enzyme. The method includes adding a sufficient amount of the composition to a waste stream to provide sufficient sulfide-consuming compound to effect immediate removal of sulfide. The composition incorporates a pH elevating compound, which both decreases the amount of gaseous H2S and puts the aqueous phase into a pH range where naturally occurring bacteria can more easily metabolize the sulfide. The composition also includes one or more nitrate salts which will accomplish longer term prevention of odors. Specific bacteria are incorporated into the formulation to insure that the nitrate has the right type and amount of bacteria present to prevent formation of and/or consume sulfide.

Abstract: A device for treating liquid medium has an ultrasound emitter located relative to a compartment of a container holding a liquid medium and a microbubble emitter located relative to the compartment. The ultrasound emitter emits high-frequency ultrasound between about 200 KHz and 10 MHz. The microbubble emitter emits bubbles with an average diameter of less than 1 mm.

Abstract: The present invention relates to gaseous discharge and applied biotechnology. In particularly, the present invention relates to a method for killing organisms in the course of conveying ballast water in ship, comprising applying a voltage with frequency of 400-40000 Hz between the anode electrode and the cathode electrode of the free radical generator, thereby forming strong ionization discharge of electric field strength of 250-600 Td between the anode electrode and the cathode electrode, ionizing, dissociating, and exciting O2 and H2O, or O2, processing into active particles comprising O3, OH. and HO2, dissolving excitedly to obtain free radical solution mainly consisted of OH, adding the free radical solution to conveying pipeline of ballast water, conveying for 2-20 s in the pipeline, thereby killing organisms of ballast water selected from the group consisted of bacteria, single cell alga, and protozoan.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for treating dredged material in which liquid is first added to the dredged material, and dewatering the dredged material to obtain a filtrate and a solid portion. Contaminants are removed from the dredged material by at least one oxidation process. The solid portion may be used to form structural articles.

Abstract: A microporous diffuser includes a first elongated member including at least one sidewall having a plurality of microscopic openings. The sidewall defines an interior hollow portion of the member. The diffuser has a second elongated member having a second sidewall having a plurality of microscopic openings, the second member being disposed through the hollow region of the first member. The diffuser includes an end cap to seal a first end of the microporous diffuser and an inlet cap disposed at a second end of microporous diffuser for receiving inlet fittings.

Abstract: Processes and devices associated with reducing the amount of organic substances in a fluid are described. In one example method, oxidizing agents may be introduced into a local constriction of flow in a flow-through chamber as the fluid is flowed therethrough. Cavitation bubbles which contain and/or are associated with the oxidizing agents may form. Collapse of the cavitation bubbles may produce pulses of ultraviolet light, thereby ionizing the oxidizing agents, producing hydroxyl radicals, and degrading and/or oxidizing the organic substances in the fluid. An example device may include a flow-through chamber including a local constriction of flow, a port configured to introduce oxidizing agents into the local constriction of flow, and may include an area configured to collapse the cavitation bubbles, thereby initiating events leading to degradation and/or oxidation of organic substances in a fluid flowed through the device.

Abstract: Transition metal ions have the ability to increase the oxidation performance of the inorganic peroxy salts at room temperature by possibly lowering their activation energy or by producing more reactive free radicals. When two transition metal salts are used together to decompose dipersulfate, it provides synergistic oxidation activity, better than obtained by dipersulfate or dipersulfate with either copper or zinc alone. The transition metals mentioned are the water soluble salts of copper and zinc. Oxidation performance of sodium dipersulface in presence of catalytic amount of copper and zinc salts was determined by measuring the destruction of crystal violet dye at a wavelength of 589 nm.

Abstract: A storable, stable composition that provides the effective antimicrobial benefits of halogenated agents is presented. The invention includes a water-soluble biocidal composition. The composition includes: about 0.01 to about 10 wt. % of a water-soluble inorganic halide; about 5 to about 60 wt. % of an oxidizing agent which, in aqueous solution, reacts with the inorganic halide to generate hypohalite ions; about 1 to about 15 wt. % of N-succinimide; and about 1 to about 30 wt. % of a pH buffering agent. The invention also includes a method of producing the above composition.

Abstract: The use of a composition effective in treatments for a waste treatment or sewage system is provided. The process of preparing such composition includes contacting hydrogen peroxide, glycolic acid, and water. The process can additionally include contacting with one or more additional components such as isopropyl alcohol.

Abstract: The present invention provides systems and methods for the remediation of contaminated water, soils and/or sediments. In some embodiments, the system includes one or more conduits for injection of hydrogen peroxide and ozone based reagents.

Abstract: A method for treating waste water fluid, wherein the method comprises the steps of macerating waste water fluid in a first tank forming a sheared fluid, filtering the sheared fluid to remove solids, forming unfiltered waste water and product water, flowing product water to the first tank when the waste water fluid level is below the product water manifold, flowing the product water to a second tank when the waste water fluid level covers the product water manifold, flowing product water in the second tank into a vented loop to a third tank, diluting fluid in the third tank with raw water from a raw water source forming de-chlorinated water; and removing the de-chlorinated water from the third tank.

Abstract: A method for remediation of contaminants in soil and groundwater is disclosed. The method generates oxygen releasing solids in groundwater or soil by injecting an aqueous energetic oxidant solution containing free radicals, oxidative conditions can be created within or ahead of a contaminant plume. Some contaminants may be remediated directly by reaction with the free radicals. Additionally and more importantly, the free radicals create an oxidative condition whereby native or injected materials, especially metals, are converted to peroxides. These peroxides provide a long-term oxygen reservoir, releasing oxygen relatively slowly over time. The oxygen can enhance microbial metabolism to remediate contaminants, can react with contaminant metals either to form immobile precipitants or to mobilize other metals to permit remediation through leaching techniques. Various injection strategies for injecting the energetic oxidant solution are also disclosed.

Abstract: Environmentally friendly processes for prevention of qualitative deterioration and quantitative loss of plant matter and foodstuffs, during all stages of storage and handling, including pre- and post-harvest, pre- and post-planting, distribution and marketing involves the use of H2O2 compositions including Ag and at least one of Cu and Zn ions. The processes can also be used to prevent sprouting and rooting, and to promote fecundity of certain plant matter, and can also be used to eliminate or reduce quantities of harmful organisms and substances from soil, other growth media and substrates, equipment, materials water, workspaces and surfaces.

Abstract: A cost-effective method for reducing the dissolved sulfide content in a wastewater stream and thereby hydrogen sulfide emissions therefrom involving the steps of adding a transition metal salt to the wastewater stream at the upper reaches of a wastewater collection system prior to at least some hydrogen sulfide volatilization followed by addition of an oxidant to the wastewater stream to generate elemental sulfur and a transition metal salt which subsequently participates in additional hydrogen sulfide capturing steps, thereby also improving water quality and wastewater treatment plant operations.

Abstract: A process wherein the use of a degradation-enhancing reactant or a precursor thereof, e.g., an oxidizing agent, can effectively increase the rate of reaction for the degradation of polymers in an aqueous environment and thereby facilitate the disposal of same. For example, in one aspect, the process comprises contacting a solubilized polymer and a degradation-enhancing reactant, within an aqueous environment, and subsequently reacting the polymer under conditions that are effective to provide at least one environmentally benign degradation product from the polymer.