Abstract: A solid composition comprising: (a) a sodium or potassium salt of cyanuric acid; and (b) a mixture of a tetraborate salt and boric acid in amounts sufficient to produce a pH from 7 to 8. Optionally, the composition further comprises sodium chloride or potassium chloride.

Abstract: A method and article for removing a selected metal-ion from a solution. The method included providing a container for holding a liquid, the container having an internal surface having a metal-ion sequestering agent provided on at least a portion of the internal surface for removing a designated metal-ions from the liquid; filling the container with the liquid in an open environment; closing the container with the liquid contained therein; and shipping the container for use of the liquid without any further processing of the container containing the liquid.

Abstract: A reservoir is configured to receive a first fluid, and has an inlet configured to receive a second fluid and an outlet. Second fluid received in the reservoir drives a corresponding amount of first fluid out of the outlet and into the wastewater treatment system. A method also is disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods and compositions for of treating water systems, particularly recirculating water systems contaminated by a biofilm containing sessile micro-organisms. The method includes the steps of forming a boron conditioned enzyme and contacting the biofilm with said boron conditioned enzyme, thereby planktonising the micro-organisms The boron conditioned enzyme retains a level of activity at least 40% of the initial activity of the unconditioned enzyme for at least two hours after contacting the biofilm, either in the presence or absence of a biocide or corrosion inhibitor which would normally deactivate the enzyme. In preferred embodiments a biocide is added with the conditioned enzyme. The method and compositions are also applicable to remediation of tepid water systems in which biofilm may harbour pathogens such as sessile Legionella.

Abstract: A method for inhibiting growth of microbes in a liquid having a pH equal to or greater than about 2.5 by using a filter bed assembly or filter for filtering the liquid having a metal-ion sequestering agent for removing designated metal ion from the liquid. The liquid is passed through the filter bed or filter for a sufficient time so as to substantially reduce the designated metal ion from the liquid.

Abstract: Metalworking fluid may include biological contaminants. In various embodiments, a metalworking fluid may be sent to a fluid treatment system to reduce the amount of biological contaminants in the metalworking fluid. In some embodiments, a fluid treatment system may include a first vortex nozzle unit positioned in an opposed relation to a second vortex nozzle unit. Contacting the metalworking fluid exiting the first vortex nozzle unit with the metalworking fluid exiting the second vortex nozzle unit may destroy at least a portion of the biological contaminants in the metalworking fluid.

Abstract: A wastewater treatment system treating excess wastewater from a sewer system includes a generally vertically oriented first shaft structure adapted to receive excess wastewater from the sewer system, a generally vertically oriented second shaft structure spaced apart from the first shaft structure, a connector passage extending between the shaft structures proximate lower ends of the shaft structures, and an effluent passage in fluid communication with the second shaft structure. The treatment system further includes a treating agent dispenser for introducing a treating agent into the wastewater to disinfect at least a portion of the wastewater. During a sufficient rain event, the wastewater flows from the sewer system into the first shaft structure, then through the connector passage and the second shaft structure, and into the effluent passage, such that flow time through the shaft structures is greater than flow time through the connector passage.

Abstract: The present application is directed toward a method of destroying microorganisms using a device for treating a medium flowing through the device with a hydrodynamic cavitation field or a super cavitation field for destroying microrganisms contained in the medium.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for electrolytically controlling the formation of scale and biofilm in water purification and other systems. An anode is deposited on or disposed on or adjacent to a surface, such as that of a quartz UV tube, providing a low pH environment which inhibits the formation of carbonate scale and biofilm.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus utilizing supplemental ozone treatment for ensuring sterility of instrument cleaning systems. By flushing ozonated water through the components of a cleaning system, the persistent problem of contamination of cleaner chambers, pipes or lines, and filters or banks of filters is effectively prevented. Thus, the integrity of sterilized instruments, such as lumened medical instruments, is more reliably achieved and maintained.

Abstract: Water-based colorant traced formulations (products) containing one or more water treatment agents, such as phosphonates, polyacrylic acids and/or polymers, co-polymers, terpolymers thereof, azoles, molybdate, polysilicates, phosphates, zinc, polyphosphates, etc., are provided wherein the water-soluble colorant is detectable in the visible light range of about 580-640 nm and is chemically inert relative to the water treatment agent(s). Measurement of an optical property of the colorant in the treated coolant water permits the concentration of the product therein to be ascertained, and the level of the product containing can be adjusted for controlling scale, corrosion, deposition, and/or microbial activity in commercial and/or industrial cooling water systems. These products may be reliably monitored and dosed to maintain a product level in treated water of 5 to 500 mg/L.

Abstract: A method for disinfecting microorganisms in metalworking fluids without leaving behind unacceptable amount of chemicals in the treated fluids. The method comprises passing the fluid in a recirculating cooling system through a filter, which contains a demand disinfectant, preferably an iodinated resin. The iodinated resin inhibits the growth of microorganism in the fluid, which is then cycled back into the system. The present invention also relates to a filter and system for disinfecting microorganisms in metalworking fluids.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for purifying water by dissolving one or more soluble metal salts in the water to provide corresponding metal ions, by dissolving hypohalite into the water, and by regulating the residence time, and thus hypohalite concentration in the device using a venturi nozzle disposed between the metal generator and the hypohalite generator.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for disinfecting a cryostat is provided. The cryostat disinfecting device comprises an ultraviolet emitter, a pulsed power control system, a mirrored cover and a safety shield. The device is lowered into a cryostat chamber and produces high intensity pulsed UV energy, disinfecting the cryostat chamber. After disinfection, the device is removed from the cryostat for storage or use on another cryostat. This provides mobility and access for disinfecting cryostats under continuous daily use conditions, and reduces the exposure risk of biological and chemical hazards to the operator.

Abstract: A sludge treatment process comprising: mixing a sludge and a sanitizing agent to form a sludge mixture, the sanitizing agent comprising no more than about 20 percent of the sludge mixture, sanitizing the sludge mixture to substantially reduce or eliminate the pathogens therein, thereby forming biosolids, and recycling some of the biosolids into the sludge mixture. Included is a sludge treatment process comprising: sanitizing sludge to substantially reduce or eliminate the pathogens therein, thereby forming biosolids, wherein the sludge is substantially free of an acid. Also included is a sludge treatment process comprising: mixing a sludge, a sanitizing agent, and a stiffening agent to form a sludge mixture, heating the sludge mixture to substantially reduce or eliminate the pathogens therein, thereby forming biosolids, and recycling some of the biosolids into the sludge mixture, wherein the pH of the sludge mixture is at least about 9 prior to the heating step.

Abstract: A method for treating water in a closed cooling system, having a pH of at least 7 and a temperature of at least 25° C., by adding a composition comprising 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one; wherein the composition is substantially free of non-aqueous solvents, volatile organic compounds and halogenated biocides; and wherein 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one is present in an amount sufficient to produce in the water a 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one concentration from 15 ppm to 500 ppm.

Abstract: A composition for preventing formation of slime which comprises a chlorine-based oxidizing agent, a sulfamic acid compound, one of an anionic polymer or a phosphonic acid compound and a process for preventing formation of slime which comprises adding the composition to a water system are disclosed. Troubles caused by slime in cooling water systems, heat-storage water systems, water systems in manufacturing processes of paper and pulp, water systems for collecting dusts and scrubber water systems can be effectively prevented with the composition in a small amount.

Abstract: A process for killing microorganisms and controlling biofouling in high chlorine demand waters comprises mixing two components, one of which is an oxidant and the other an ammonium salt, and adding the mixture immediately to the aqueous system to be treated.

Abstract: A method utilizing chlorine dioxide and nitrous acid or other non-charged chemical species for the treatment of biosolids to destroy pathogens is provided. The method uses chlorine dioxide to modulate the ORP of the matrix, acidification of the sludge (biosolids) to a pH of less than 4.0, and provides for the addition of nitrous acid for enhanced disinfection in a closed system to prevent volitalization.

Abstract: A target biokill of species for water to be discharged from a ballast tank of a sea faring vessel is determined. A diverted portion of sea water is regulated prior to charging the water into the ballast tank. Regulation of the diverted portion of water and a rate of injection of the ozone into the portion are adjusted to attain the target biokill. Then ozone at the determined rate into the regulated diverted portion to attain the target biokill when the portion is recombined into the water for charging to the ballast tank.

Abstract: A device for treating liquid medium has an ultrasound emitter located relative to a compartment of a container holding a liquid medium and a microbubble emitter located relative to the compartment. The ultrasound emitter emits high-frequency ultrasound between about 200 KHz and 10 MHz. The microbubble emitter emits bubbles with an average diameter of less than 1 mm.

Abstract: The present invention relates to gaseous discharge and applied biotechnology. In particularly, the present invention relates to a method for killing organisms in the course of conveying ballast water in ship, comprising applying a voltage with frequency of 400-40000 Hz between the anode electrode and the cathode electrode of the free radical generator, thereby forming strong ionization discharge of electric field strength of 250-600 Td between the anode electrode and the cathode electrode, ionizing, dissociating, and exciting O2 and H2O, or O2, processing into active particles comprising O3, OH. and HO2, dissolving excitedly to obtain free radical solution mainly consisted of OH, adding the free radical solution to conveying pipeline of ballast water, conveying for 2-20 s in the pipeline, thereby killing organisms of ballast water selected from the group consisted of bacteria, single cell alga, and protozoan.

Abstract: A dendrimer complex comprising a dendrimer and an antimicrobial agent with the dendrimer complex placeable directly into a fluid to inhibit growth of microbes or rid the fluid of microbes. In a further embodiment of the invention the dendrimer complex is secured to a carrier, which is placed in a body of fluid and allowed to dispense the antimicrobial agent into the fluid. Once the antimicrobial agent is dispensed, the dendrimer complex can be removed and recycled to add functional groups to the dendrimer so that the dendrimer can be reused.

Abstract: Ortho phenylphenol or its sodium salt is shown to form synergistic antimicrobial mixtures with nitrogen and aldehyde-containing microbiocides.

Abstract: This invention relates to an automated process for efficiently treating an aqueous system with chlorine dioxide. The process results in high efficiency yields of chlorine dioxide on a continuous basis by minimizing the waste of precursor chemicals. Additionally, the process creates less environmental stress because the formation of unwanted by-products is minimized. The level of chlorine dioxide in the aqueous system treated and other parameters of the process are monitored and adjusted automatically to maintain them within acceptable levels.

Abstract: A system and method are provided for reducing DI water consumption by delivering the DI water at an elevated processing temperature when demanded. The DI water is passed through a heater for heating the DI water to a processing temperature in a single pass. The DI water is circulated through a recirculation loop, including the heater, until demanded. The DI water is monitored for contaminants and bubbles or voids. Detected contaminants or voids are discharged through vents of the system. Turbulence or biocides can be introduced into the recirculated DI water for inhibiting biological contamination.

Abstract: A fluid container and method for inhibiting the growth of microbes in liquid nutrient in a container, the container having an interior surface having a metal-ion sequestering agent for removing a designated metal ion from the liquid nutrient for inhibiting growth of microbes in the liquid nutrient.

Abstract: A system for reducing or preventing the growth of organisms in the process water used to coat glass fibers with a formaldehyde-free binder composition. One or more biocides is added to the process water that mitigates the growth of microbes in the water. The biocides are added in an amount sufficient to minimize growth of organisms without adversely affecting the application of the binder composition to the glass fibers.

Abstract: Electrolytic process combines disinfection with removal of bromide from raw water. Current is applied to the electrodes in an electrolytic cell with raw water that has some salinity as the electrolyte. The electrodes consist of silver or dimensionally stable anodes (DSA) as cathodes and dimensionally stable anodes (DSA) arranged in parallel baffling fashion. During electrolysis chloride is converted to chlorine. The chlorine immediately effects disinfection of the water and reduction of bromide ions to bromine gas which is liberated from the cell. Aqueous bromine will remain in solution as hypobromous acid. The extent of chlorine generation and bromide loss depend upon the chloride:bromide ratio, electrical energy supplied for electrolysis, ionic strength of the water, electrode distance, cell residence time and electrode material.

Abstract: A method of controlling Legionella bacteria in cooling water systems is described. The method involves the heating of recirculating cooling water to temperatures of 70° C. for sufficient time to kill the bacteria. The method functions best in combination with chemical bactericides.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing an essentially chlorite-free, stable, aqueous chlorine-oxygen solution. Said method comprises the following steps: (1) a hydrogen sulfate compound is dissolved in water, (2) an acid is added to the aqueous solution containing hydrogen sulfate in such a quantity that the pH value in the target final product in the form of the essentially chlorite-free, stable, aqueous chlorine-oxygen solution is maintained between approximately 3 and 5; (3) a peroxide compound is added; and (4) an aqueous chlorite solution is added dropwise in a quantity of between approximately 60 and 90 mole %, especially between 70 and 80 mole %, of chlorite, in relation to the concentration of peroxide compound. The invention also relates to the chlorine-oxygen solutions which can be obtained by means of said method.

Abstract: A composition and method for cleaning, sanitizing and maintaining contained bodies of water such as swimming pools, wading pools, fountains, ornamental ponds, etc. The composition includes pre-determined percentages of copper sulfate, zinc sulfate, and aluminum sulfate by weight. The composition and method reduce amounts of chlorine and an amount of labor associated with the cleaning, sanitization and maintenance of contained bodies of water.

Abstract: A water disinfection delivery treatment system first filters the supply by a particle and then a carbon filter. The partially treated flow is split in two and a first part passes through a first cutoff valve and is fed into a disinfection (iodine) chamber, filter or feeder via a flow restricter. The chamber output passes through a second solenoid driven cutoff valve. The second part is fed to a third cutoff valve and this valve's output is summed with the second valve's output and then fed into a holding tank. The tank retain's a volume such that the water remains therein for at least a period sufficient to permit a minimum 3 log reduction of pathogenic microbes. A final carbon filter is downstream of the tank as is a meter and dispenser. A method is also provided for delivering potable drinking water.

Abstract: The present invention provides a physical water treatment (PWT) method and apparatus to treat liquid coolants. Electrodes (22, 24) are provided in a coolant stream (21), and an alternating voltage is applied across the electrodes (22, 24) to produce an electric field through the coolant. The alternating voltage creates an oscillating electric field in the coolant that promotes the collision of dissolved mineral ions. The ions collide to form seed particles that precipitate out of solution. Bulk precipitation of seed particles decreases the availability of ions in solution which can crystallize on heat transfer surfaces. The seed particles adhere to additional ions that separate out of solution and form larger particles that may be removed from the coolant stream (21) using a variety of treatment measures. In addition to precipitating mineral ions, the electric field may be applied to destroy bacteria, algae and microorganisms that accumulate in the coolant stream (21).

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for safely decontaminating the chill water used in meat processing. The decontaminant used in the process is chlorine dioxide.

Abstract: A system for elimination of unwanted species from contaminated ship ballast water. The apparatus comprises an electrolytic cell containing at least one pair of electrodes, electric alternating current, and parallel perforated electrodes, for providing an effective and safe method to render ballast water or other conductive bodies of water free of aquatic invasive species and/or unwanted biologics.

Abstract: A solid formulation for use with sodium chloride and a chlorine generator to provide safe, clean chlorinated recreational water. The formulation comprises a chlorine stabilizing agent and a phosphate remover agent. An enhanced salt comprising a chlorine stabilizing agent, a phosphate remover agent and sodium chloride is also described. The formulation and enhanced salt can also contain a metal chelating agent and a pH balancing agent. A cleaning agent may also be included. A fast dissolving sodium cyanurate compound is used for the chlorine stabilizing agent. A method, kit, and system for providing safe, clean chlorinated recreational water are also disclosed.

Abstract: Transition metal ions have the ability to increase the oxidation performance of the inorganic peroxy salts at room temperature by possibly lowering their activation energy or by producing more reactive free radicals. When two transition metal salts are used together to decompose dipersulfate, it provides synergistic oxidation activity, better than obtained by dipersulfate or dipersulfate with either copper or zinc alone. The transition metals mentioned are the water soluble salts of copper and zinc. Oxidation performance of sodium dipersulface in presence of catalytic amount of copper and zinc salts was determined by measuring the destruction of crystal violet dye at a wavelength of 589 nm.

Abstract: A filter housing assembly having a gas-tight seal and a method of replacing a filter are generally provided. In one embodiment, the filter housing assembly includes a housing having an opening adapted to receive a filter and an inlet. A seal member is coupled to the housing and is moveable between a first position and at least a second position, the second position sealing the inlet. The filter housing assembly may be configured to retain a roomside replaceable filter or have a filter permanently adhered within the opening.

Abstract: Compositions, methods and kits for purifying and clarifying and/or nutrifying contaminated drinking water and which comprise a primary coagulant material, a microbiocidal disinfectant and an oxidant system. Highly preferred compositions also contain one or more of a bridging flocculent material, the levels and ratios of coagulant to flocculent preferably falling within certain ranges, a cationic coagulant aid, especially chitosan, a water-soluble alkali, a water-insoluble silicate, and a food additive or nutrient source. The purified water remains free of discoloration for extended periods of storage.

Abstract: Installation for the removal and the deactivation of organisms in the ballast water, with the following characteristic features: a first feed pump for conveying the ballast water, an equipment for gravity precipitation of coarser solids and bigger organisms, connected to the first feed pump, and/or a backwashable filtration equipment, a downstream side connected equipment for the deactivation of micro-germs.

Abstract: There is provided a method of inhibiting the development of a biofilm adjacent a surface, the method comprising intermittently applying a biofilm inhibiting substance to a collection of microorganisms having biofilm developing potential. Other embodiments are also described.

Abstract: An object of this invention is to change room temperature or cooling drinking water to hydrogen rich water that contains hydrogen abundantly simply and efficiently without using an electrolytic device, and a hydrogen rich water generator 2 is provided by filling magnesium grain 4 that generates hydrogen gases by reacting with the drinking water 6 and silver grain 3 into the case 1 made of ceramics of water permeability and porosity. This hydrogen rich water generator 2 together with the drinking water 6 are filled in the vessel 5, and the drinking water 6, magnesium grain 4 and the ceramics and the silver grain 3 are caused to react in the vessel 5 to generate the hydrogen gases, and the drinking water 6 in the vessel 5 is purified by the reaction of the silver grain 3 and is changed to the hydrogen rich water having hydrogen abundantly and anti-bacterial action.

Abstract: The use of a composition effective in treatments for a waste treatment or sewage system is provided. The process of preparing such composition includes contacting hydrogen peroxide, glycolic acid, and water. The process can additionally include contacting with one or more additional components such as isopropyl alcohol.

Abstract: There is described a process for the treatment of water to prevent the survival of unwanted organisms in said water. The process is based on the supply of gas into the water at pressures greater than 1 atmosphere, while ensuring that the mass transport of gas into the water is greater than the mass loss across the air-water (surface) interface, i.e. such that a gas super-saturated condition is established. Further, there is described an apparatus or system for the treatment of a body of water, i.e. to prevent the survival of organisms in said water. A preferable embodiment comprises a compressor which delivers a compressed gas to said water system in an amount sufficient to establish a supersaturated condition in said body of water.

Abstract: A method of treating water includes exposing influent comprising water desired to be treated to ozone in sufficient quantity to disrupt cell walls of undesired microorganisms therein, thereby releasing nutrients from within the microorganisms in a form amenable to bioassimilation. The ozone is further in sufficient quantity to oxidize toxic, humic substances to a form amenable to plant bioassimilation. Aquatic plants are contacted with the ozone-exposed water, the aquatic plants being adapted to remove the released and oxidized nutrients therefrom. Water emerging from the aquatic plants is then again exposed to ozone in sufficient quantity to further purify the water.

Abstract: A method for stabilizing and removing Cryptosporidium oocysts or Giardia cysts from water. The method comprises adding chitosan, a salt or solution of chitosan to water containing Cryptosporidium oocysts or Giardia cysts and a halogenating agent. The method may also include adding a secondary polyelectrolyte flocculant to the water. The resulting flocs are filtered to remove the Cryptosporidium oocysts or Giardia cysts.

Abstract: A composition for disinfecting contaminated drinking water. The composition can include a disinfecting agent for disinfecting or sanitizing the water and a masking agent for masking or minimizing undesired characteristics of the disinfecting agent, such as taste and odor. The disinfecting agent can be a halogen-based disinfecting agent, such as a chlorine-based disinfecting agent. The masking agent can be a chlorine-compatible masking agent or flavorant, such as a citrus fruit derived flavor. The composition can also include a substrate. The substrate can be a clay, zeolite, water-soluble carrier, water-insoluble carrier, or mixtures thereof. The flavorant can be loaded onto the substrate. The composition can include other components, such as a primary coagulant, a coagulant aid, a bridging flocculant, a polymeric material, an alkali agent, an autocatalytic oxidant, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for purifying water by dissolving one or more soluble metal salts in the water to provide corresponding metal ions, by dissolving hypohalite into the water, and by regulating the residence time, and thus hypohalite concentration in the device using a venturi nozzle disposed between the metal generator and the hypohalite generator.

Abstract: A method for reducing the production of sludge derived from the treatment of wastewater. The sludge is subjected to a mechanical action in the presence of a gas containing oxygen. The mechanical action is performed in such a way as to destroy the cell walls of between 5% and 80% of the microorganisms present in the sludge.