Abstract: A method of and an apparatus for the filtering of a fluid in which a filter-aid agent of a particulate or fibrous character is floated onto and deposited upon a support fabric in a fluid. The medium to be filtered is then passed through the filter layer formed by this filter aid. The fabric divides the filter chamber into two compartments both of which are flushed with washing liquid which is discharged from the upstream compartment after back-washing through the fabric. During the filtration, a loss of the purified filtrate and a mixture with nonfiltered medium is precluded in that both compartments, after the filtering and cleaning phases, are completely discharged of fluid. The back-washing of the fabric is effected with another fluid.

Abstract: Radioactive particles are removed from waste or process water and encapsulated by a filtration process wherein the water is filtered through a filter medium composed of a thermoplastic organic polymer. The filter cake so obtained is dried and converted to a solid encapsulating medium by the application of heat and/or pressure. The filter medium comprises, at least partially, a thermoplastic polymer which is wettable by water but non-swelling in water and has a melting point of 100.degree. to 300.degree. C.

Abstract: A system for filtering liquids, such as coolant liquid from process machinery. The system includes an improved liquid storage tank having a partition dividing the tank into a clean tank for receiving clean liquid from a filter for return to the process machinery, and a dirty tank for receiving process or dirty liquid from process machinery. The storage tank further includes a second partition forming a blowdown chamber and a recirculation chamber below the blowdown chamber, the two chambers being coupled together by a valve which can be opened and closed depending upon the cycle of operation of the system. The recirculation chamber is coupled by a filter pump to the inlet of the filter. The filter has a return line to the clean tank and a blowdown line to the blowdown chamber. The blowdown chamber has a conical bottom and the recirculation chamber has a sidewall provided with tangential inlet ports communicating with the dirty tank.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for injecting media purifying mixtures into process equipment in precise, discrete, volumetric quantities. Purifying mixtures may be added at selectively determinable time intervals, or responsive to an operating characteristic of the system. The total amount of purifying material may be accurately controlled by varying the number of fixed volumetric units injected, or by varying the concentration of the purifying material in the mixture. The apparatus includes provision to assist injection of said units into said process equipment, while providing apparatus and methods to prevent the supply lines from clogging.

Abstract: A process for removal of suspended solids and adsorbable contaminants from an influent liquid containing same. A filter bed of porous polyurethane particles is provided, and a particulate adsorbent selective for the adsorbable contaminants is placed into the pores of the polyurethane particles. The suspended solids--and adsorbable contaminants--containing influent liquid is passed through the filter bed for deposition of the suspended solids on the polyurethane particles and adsorption of the adsorbable contaminants by the particulate adsorbent to yield a solids--and adsorbable contaminants--depleted liquid effluent, which is discharged from the filter bed. The influent liquid is passed through the filter bed until the filter bed is at least partially loaded with deposited solids and adsorbed contaminants, whereupon same are removed from the filter bed polyurethane particles to regenerate same, prior to repetition of the cycle.

Abstract: A liquid reconditioning system including first and second storage tanks for storing reconditioned liquid and liquid to be reconditioned, respectively. Reconditioned liquid is withdrawn from the first storage tank for use, as required, and returned to the second storage tank. A filter is connected to receive liquid withdrawn from the second tank to filter that liquid and transfer it to the first tank. The present invention detects a condition representative of filter blinding and responds to that condition to automatically regenerate the filter. In a preferred embodiment, the filter is a diatomite filter with filter regeneration being accomplished by mechanical diatomite displacement. A valve at the filter output closes that output during diatomite displacement and then sequentially connects the filter output to the second storage tank, for a predetermined period, and then to the first storage tank.

Abstract: Ion exchange fibers having a thickness of about 2-200 micrometers and a length more than twice the thickness are mixed as a slurry of cation, anion or mixed cation and anion exchange fibers, with or without powdered ion exchange resin of 2-250 micrometers diameter, to intertwine the fibers and immobilize any powdered resin present; the resins are coated from the slurry as a mat on to a filter support; liquids to be purified are passed through the mat until the ion exchange materials are exhausted; and the exhausted mat is stripped from the filter support by a backwash of liquid, gas or both.

Abstract: A method for separating solids from a liquefied coal slurry resulting from the SRC process utilizes an improved carbon filteraid material prepared by flash heating thermally expandable coal particles under controlled conditions.

Abstract: The filter cake resulting from the filtration of tar, pitch, coal extract or coal oil with the help of a filter aid, is dried by blowing an inert gas through it. Thereafter it is comminuted to a particle size of about 0.5 mm and these particles are heated in a fluidized bed at the rate of 1000.degree. C./min to a temperature of 500.degree.-1200.degree. C. There is obtained a size mix of swelled particles from which a fraction having a size of about 0.05-0.3 mm is segregated and recirculated to the filter as a filter aid. Particles having a size above or below the segregated fraction are thermally decomposed, as are gaseous and liquid products which are liberted during the thermal treatment in the fluidized bed.

Abstract: In the extraction of coal using a liquid solvent oil, filtration can be assisted by using a filter aid which is of coal origin. The filter aid is produced by high temperature processing of coal or an ash-rich coal-derived residue under conditions at which the ash component of the coal or residue does not fuse. A preferred starting material is filter cake from a coal extraction process.

Abstract: Apparatus and process settling layer filtration in which the liquid to be filtered is passed through a layer of settling layer particles settled directly upon a self-supporting support member, the support member is a plate or tube, e.g. candle filter tube, perforated by a multitudinous array of holes of circular cross-sectional shape having a diameter at their smallest point in the range of 50-250 microns, and larger than the largest dimension of the larger particles, with a density of 20-400 opening per sq. cm. of member surface area whereby the layer particles form over such circular opening dome-shaped arches exhibiting increased strength and stability during actual filtration. An effective technique for producing such members by means of laser beam drilling is disclosed.

Abstract: Process for production of anionically charged filter media sheet including pretreatment of filter elements with cationic charge modifier, preferably employing inorganic colloidal silica charge modifiers. The resulting filters are used for the removal of haze or haze formers from beverages.

Abstract: A method of and an apparatus for the filtering of a fluid in which a filter-aid agent of a particulate or fibrous character is floated onto and deposited upon a support fabric in a fluid. The medium to be filtered is then passed through the filter layer formed by this filter aid. The fabric divides the filter chamber into two compartments both of which are flushed with washing liquid which is discharged from the upstream compartment after back-washing through the fabric. During the filtration, a loss of the purified filtrate and a mixture with nonfiltered medium is precluded in that both compartments, after the filtering and cleaning phases, are completely discharged of fluid. The backwashing of the fabric is effected with another fluid.

Abstract: A beverage stabilization process in which unstable beverages are contacted in a haze-free condition and at ambient temperature with positive-charge modified particulates, especially in the form of filter sheets, to initiate haze formation and the thus-formed haze is thereafter removed from the beverage at ambient temperature thereby resulting in the stabilization of the beverage.

Abstract: A filter element having a perforated tubular core and a plurality of layers of strand material wound about the tubular core. The outermost layer has the ability to retain particles smaller than those retained by the innermost layer. The size range of particles retained by the outermost layer is from one to twenty-five microns and the size range of particles retained by the innermost layer is from twenty-five to one hundred microns.According to the method of invention, the filter element is used to purify liquids through the steps of precoating, delivering liquid through the filter, periodically backwashing the filter, and precoating the filter again.

Abstract: The rate of filtration of a coal liquid slurry is increased by adding polyisobutylene and an alcohol containing 2 to 10 carbon atoms to the slurry prior to filtration or by adding the alcohol to the slurry and washing a precoat cake of filter aid with an oil solution of polyisobutylene prior to filtration. Although the polyisobutylene and the alcohol each provides a filtration rate improving effect when used alone, a synergistic improvement in filtration rate is achieved by their combined use.

Abstract: The rate of filtration of a coal liquid slurry is increased by adding an alkylmethacrylate copolymer and an alcohol containing 2 to 10 carbon atoms to the slurry prior to filtration or by adding the alcohol to the slurry and washing a precoat cake of filter aid with an oil solution of an alkylmethacrylate copolymer prior to filtration. Although the alkylmethacrylate copolymer and the alcohol each provide a filter rate improving effect when used alone, a synergistic improvement in filtration rate is achieved by their combined use.

Abstract: The rate of filtration of a coal liquid slurry is increased by adding an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer and an alcohol containing 2 to 10 carbon atoms to the slurry prior to filtration or by adding the alcohol to the slurry and washing a precoat cake of filter aid with an oil solution of ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer prior to filtration. Although the ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer and the alcohol each provides a filter rate improving effect when used alone, a synergistic improvement in filtration rate is achieved by their combined use.

Abstract: The rate of filtration of a coal liquid slurry is increased by adding an alkylmethacrylate copolymer to the slurry prior to filtration or by washing a precoat cake of filter aid with an oil solution of the alkylmethacrylate copolymer prior to filtration.

Abstract: The rate of filtration of a coal liquid slurry is increased by adding ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer to the slurry prior to filtration or by washing a precoat cake of filter aid with an oil solution of ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer prior to filtration.

Abstract: The rate of filtration of a coal liquid slurry is increased by adding polyisobutylene to the slurry prior to filtration or by washing a precoat cake of filter aid with an oil solution of polyisobutylene prior to filtration.

Abstract: A method of purifying phosphoric acid after solvent extraction to remove residual amounts of an immiscible organic carrier including contacting the phosphoric acid with a sorbent which sorbs or takes up the residual amount of organic carrier and separating the phosphoric acid from the organic carrier-laden sorbent. The method is especially suitable for removing residual organic carrier from phosphoric acid after solvent extraction uranium recovery.

Abstract: Improvement in the reduction of Mg, Ca, Na, K and Al in crude phosphoric acid using an ion exchange resin bed, comprising preclarifying the feed acid with flocculant polymer and placing a filter aid precoat on the resin bed. As part of the preclarification process, a compatible soluble sodium compound, such as sodium carbonate, is added to the feed acid to speed the flocculation process.

Abstract: A method and filter bed for removing impurities from liquids wherein the filter bed comprises a mixture of treated filter aid material and an active particulate material having opposite surface charges in aqueous suspension. The filter aid material has been treated to produce the desired surface charge. The identity of the active particulate material depends on the application. Examples are organic polymeric absorbents, zeolites, bentonite, zirconium oxide, zirconium phosphate, activated alumina, ferrous sulfide, activated carbon and diatomaceous earth.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for separating entrained particulate matter from a fluid wherein particulate matter is collected in an overlying porous layer on an upstream side of a rotatable, fluid-permeable filter in a first chamber, and rotatably conveyed into a second chamber and used as an additional filtering medium. The filter comprises a cylindrical drum having a filter surface thereon and is rotatably mounted in an enclosed housing having a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet. Fluid pumping means operatively communicate with the housing for inducing a flow of fluid into the housing through the inlet and out of the housing through the outlet. Chamber means are disposed within the housing and sealingly cooperate therewith and with the cylindrical drum and define a first chamber fluidly communicating with the inlet and a predetermined portion of the cylindrical drum on the upstream and downstream sides thereof.

Abstract: Method of filtering wherein the filtration rate of and/or consumption rate of filter aid for difficultly filterable slurries is reduced for a plate and frame filter press having alternate solid plates supporting filter means, e.g. a composite clothpaper media and hollow frames for accumulation of filter aid and adapted for compression between a fixed half end plate and a movable half end plate by provision within said press of a chamber immediately adjacent to said movable half end plate, said chamber provided with at least one filtrate input and the sole means for exit of the filtrate from said press.