Abstract: A filtration system has at least one underdrain lateral, a flume, and at least one metering plate. The metering plate includes a plate member with at least one opening configured to receive liquid or gas therethrough at a first flow rate during a backwash function and is configured to receive liquid or gas therethrough at a second, lower flow rate during filtration. A method of metering gas into a filtration system with a metering plate is also disclosed. The metering plate allows gas to flow into each underdrain lateral at two very different flow rates.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments are directed to a gas liquid separator that includes a chamber for receiving a fluid mixture, a fluid mixture inlet, a solvent outlet, and a gas outlet. The gas liquid separator can include a sensor disposed around or within the chamber for sensing at least one of a solvent level or a gas level. The gas liquid separator can include a regulator connected to at least one of the solvent outlet or the gas outlet for regulating at least one of the solvent level or the gas level within the chamber. Exemplary methods of regulating at least one of the solvent level or the gas level within a gas liquid separator of a CO2-based chromatography flow system are also provided.

Abstract: A water treatment system includes a water tank, a water filtration media, and an ozone gas source. A control system operates a service mode of the water treatment system during which an external water source is filtered by the filtration media. The control system also operates a regeneration mode of the water treatment system for regenerating the filtration media. The regeneration mode includes a first backwash mode to backwash the filtration media with the external water source. The regeneration mode includes a draw mode subsequent to the first backwash mode to draw ozone into the water tank and into contact with the filtration media. The regeneration mode includes a second backwash mode subsequent to the draw mode to expel ozone from the water tank and the filtration media prior to switching the system back into the service mode for filtration of the water source with the regenerated filtration media.

Abstract: A drainage system for a galley of a vehicle includes a sink that is configured to receive a colored liquid. A liquid pigment remover is in fluid communication with the sink. The liquid pigment remover is configured to remove color from the liquid. A drain is in fluid communication with the liquid coloration. The drain is configured to pass the liquid overboard from the vehicle after the color is removed (or partially removed) from the liquid by the liquid pigment remover. The drainage system may also include a strainer that is configured to strain particulates from the liquid before the liquid passes overboard out of the vehicle.

Abstract: The filtration system of the present invention comprises first and second filtration tanks. The first filtration tank has a first floating filter media layer, a first upper screen with a first aperture ratio, a first inlet, a first backwash water supply source, and a first backwash water outlet means. The second filtration tank has a second floating filter media layer, a second upper screen with a second aperture ratio, a second inlet, an inflow blocking mechanism capable of blocking inflow of water to be treated through the second inlet, a second backwash water supply source, and a second backwash water outlet means. The first aperture ratio is smaller than the second aperture ratio.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the recovery of oil from an aqueous solution containing oil and solids, as well as to the use of products obtained by this method. The method of the invention comprises at least the following steps of: Adjusting the oil- and solids-containing aqueous solution to a pH which is acidic, separating an oil- and solids-containing fraction from the acidic aqueous solution with an separation agent which is hydrophilic or assumes a hydrophilic character in response to water, recovering the oil- and solids-containing fraction separated by means of said separation agent, extracting oil away from the solids with a water-insoluble extraction agent, and recovering the oil-containing water-insoluble extraction agent.

Abstract: A water treatment apparatus including one or more mixed raw water stream jet nozzles, a filtering tank housing a filter layer disposed below the mixed raw water stream jet nozzle or nozzles, the filter layer having an upper layer and a lower layer, the upper layer containing a filter material with a smaller specific gravity and a larger particle diameter than a filter material of the lower layer, a water collecting and distributing pipe for removing water filtered through the filter layer and supplying reverse stream cleaning water to the filter layer during reverse cleaning, filter material vibrating means for vibrating a filter material of the upper layer including a vibrating element connected to a power source and vibration expanding element buried in the upper layer for transmitting vibration of the vibrating element, and an overflow outlet provided in the filtering tank above the filter layer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for washing a filter (F) having at least two layers of filtering media (4, 5) for raw water containing components having a tendency to form cakes (M), in particular for seawater, the layers of filtering media being supported by a base (6) comprising pass-through openings and provided with nozzles (6a) enabling air and/or wash water to be injected, the raw water flowing through the layers from top to bottom and the treated water being recovered at the lower portion of the filter, and which comprises at least one spillway (D) at the upper portion thereof for collecting the wash water.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for removing surface deposits in situ from filtration media contained in water filtration beds may include a solid acid component, a solid oxidizer, low temperature activator, a dessicant, an anti-caking agent, a pH indicator, a corrosion inhibitor, a surfactant, a chelating agent, and/or a defoaming agent. A granular acid component may include sodium bisulfate, and a granular oxidizing component may include at least one of sodium percarbonate, sodium perborate, potassium percarbonate, and potassium perborate. Compositions may be applied to top surface and/or subsurface regions of a filter bed, in wetted or dry form. A kit includes a container with dry composition and instructions or indicia for cleaning water filtration media using the composition.

Abstract: Water treatment apparatus includes raw water special air mixing nozzles (7); filtering tank (5) housing filter layer (4) including two layers of upper layer (2) and lower layer (3), the upper layer including a filter medium with a smaller specific gravity and a larger particle size than a filter medium of the lower layer; a water collection pipe (13) removing filtered water and supplying reverse cleaning water to the filter layer during reverse cleaning; drainage trough (12); and upper layer cleaning apparatus (10), in which the upper layer cleaning apparatus includes upper layer cleaning pipe support member (17), upper layer cleaning water pipe (18), surface-cleaning special air mixing nozzles (19), air suction pipe (20), and horizontal air pipes (31 and 32) and the raw water special air mixing nozzles (7) are attached to raw water inflow tank (70) provided on a part of the drainage trough (12)

Abstract: Provided is a continuous circulation sand filter including a filtering barrel filled with a sand filtering layer, an inflow tube for introducing raw water into the filtering barrel, a treated water discharge part for discharging treated water purified by passing the raw water through the sand filtering layer from a lower end of the sand filtering layer to an upper end thereof, an air lift tube for transferring contaminated sand, located in the lower end of the sand filtering layer, from a lower part of the filtering barrel to an upper part thereof, a transfer water discharge filter contacting the air lift tube to discharge transfer water moved upward together with sand through the air lift tube and trap the sand and a foreign substance, a descent guide tube downwardly moving the sand and the foreign substance moved to the upper part of the filtering barrel through the air lift tube, and a foreign substance separation tube suctioning the downwardly moving foreign substance to remove the foreign substance from

Abstract: A method of distributing gas and liquid through an underdrain system includes: a) positioning an underdrain system on a filter floor, the underdrain system comprising at least one underdrain block and filter media positioned on top of the underdrain block; b) distributing gas sufficiently evenly through the underdrain system at a rate of less than 2 scfm/ft2 by distributing a liquid at a rate of less than 2 gpm/ft2 concurrently with the gas; c) increasing the distribution rate of the liquid, or increasing the distribution rate of the liquid and the distribution rate of the gas; d) stopping the distribution of gas; e) further increasing the distribution rate of the liquid; and f) decreasing the distribution rate of the liquid. A method of distributing gas and liquid during an upflow filtration mode is also included.

Abstract: An aeration control valve system may be used with a water treatment system to control aeration and flow of water in accordance with various operating cycles. The aeration control valve system pumps air into the water treatment system to provide an air charge for aerating the water to facilitate water treatment. The aeration control valve system may pump air into the water treatment system at atmospheric pressure or may pump air at higher pressures such that the air may be recharged while also treating the water. The aeration control valve may also control the release of air from the water treatment system. The operating cycles may include, for example, a service cycle, a backwash cycle, an air regeneration cycle, a service/air charge cycle, an air release cycle, and a rinse cycle.

Abstract: A wastewater treatment system comprising one apparatus (1) for de-nitrification and effluent solids removal, another apparatus (2) for biological main treatment, and a further apparatus (3) for solids removal (5), each apparatus including a volume (40) in which each process is performed, a media-retaining sieve (6) at the volume (40) and arranged to retain buoyant media particles (4) in the volume (40), and a gas sparging device (8), (9) which is located in a lower end region of the volume (40) and which is controllable by way of valves (11) and (15). The three volumes (40) are substantially (10) identical to, or multiples of, each other, the three sieves (6) are substantially identical to each other, and the three sparging devices (8), (9) are substantially identical to each other. The gas is sparged into the main treatment bed at a lower flow rate for wastewater aeration but intermittently at a higher flow rate to disrupt and clean the bed.

Abstract: A backwash distribution apparatus for a filter having a filter tank and a plurality of underdrain laterals includes a first and second separator device positioned in a common main conduit to define first and second auxiliary flumes. The first and second auxiliary flumes are in fluid communication with the common main conduit and the underdrain laterals. The first separator device has at least one flume liquid metering orifice preferably located near the bottom of the first separator device so that it may be below a gas liquid interface in the first auxiliary flume. The second separator device has either a weir edge or a plurality of metering orifices (or both) for passing backwash liquid from the common main conduit into the second auxiliary flume.

Abstract: A water treatment apparatus including one or a plurality of mixed raw water stream jet nozzles (7), a filtering tank (5) housing a filter layer (4) disposed below the mixed raw water stream jet nozzle or nozzles, the filter layer consisting of an upper layer (2) and a lower layer (3) and the upper layer containing a filter material which has a smaller specific gravity and a larger particle diameter than a filter material of the lower layer, a water collecting and distributing pipe (13) for taking out water filtered through the filter layer and supplying reverse stream cleaning water to the filter layer during reverse cleaning, filter material vibrating means for vibrating a filter material of the upper layer which includes a vibrating element (9) connected to a power source and vibration expanding element (10) which is buried in the upper layer for transmitting vibration of the vibrating element, and an overflow outlet (12) provided in the filtering tank above the filter layer.

Abstract: A liquid filtering apparatus is placed in a vessel having a bed of filtration material, the bed comprising at least two different sizes of filter media wherein the filtration material is stratified using upper and lower spaced apart inverted cones so that the unfiltered liquid first contacts coarse grained filtration material and then finer grained filtration material. The apparatus includes an intake for introducing unfiltered liquid that includes a washbox, an airlifting tube extending from the washbox and including an intake end and means for introducing a primary gas to the airlifting tube, the airlifting tube passing through a central pipe, which extends from just below the washbox to a position just above the intake end. The apparatus is devoid of screen cartridges. Methods of filtering and cleaning the filtration material are also disclosed.

Abstract: Modified resins are disclosed for removing a wide variety of solids and/or ionic species from the liquids in which they are suspended and/or dissolved. These modified resins are especially useful as froth flotation depressants in the beneficiation of many types of materials (e.g., mineral and metal ores), including the beneficiation of impure coal comprising clay impurities, as well as in the separation of valuable bitumen from solid contaminants such as sand. The modified resins are also useful for treating aqueous liquid suspensions to facilitate the removal of solid particulates, as well as the removal of metallic ions in the purification of water. The modified resins comprise a base resin that is modified with a coupling agent, which is highly selective for binding to solid contaminants and especially siliceous materials such as sand or clay.

Abstract: Apparatus for inhibiting fines carryover in the form of a settlement tank comprising: a filter which divides the tank into upper and lower portions; a fluid inlet in the lower portion for admitting into the tank a fluid with entrained solids; and a fluid outlet in the upper portion through which filtered fluid can leave the tank. The filter comprises filter media supported on a permeable wall, the wall including a filter media outlet which is normally closed, and opening means for opening the filter media outlet to allow the filter media to discharge into the lower portion of the tank. The invention also relates to a method of refilling the filter with filter media.

Abstract: A liquid filtering apparatus is placed in a vessel having a bed of filtration material, the bed comprising at least two different sizes of filter media wherein the filtration material is stratified using upper and lower spaced apart inverted cones so that the unfiltered liquid first contacts coarse grained filtration material and then finer grained filtration material. The apparatus includes an intake for introducing unfiltered liquid that includes a washbox, an airlifting tube extending from the washbox and including an intake end and means for introducing a primary gas to the airlifting tube, the airlifting tube passing through a central pipe, which extends from just below the washbox to a position just above the intake end. The apparatus is devoid of screen cartridges. Methods of filtering and cleaning the filtration material are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to a system and method for treating wastewater in a filter media apparatus having a draft tube system. The filter media may be walnut shell media.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to a system and method for treating wastewater in a filter media apparatus having a draft tube system. The filter media may be walnut shell media.

Abstract: The present invention advances tank-based aquaculture by providing a low cost, high efficiency solid waste separator. The invention combines the simplicity of centrifugal-gravitational separation with the practicality of automatic separator cleaning. Low-pressure air from a blower or air pump induces water flow through the separator. The compressed air source is also used to purge accumulated sludge from the separator and to scour internal separator surfaces. Installation of a captive floating granular media bed within the separator further stabilizes the centrifugal flow pattern, enhances the scouring action during sludge flushing events, and provides substrate for nitrifying bacteria colonization. Separator purging and scouring processes are simply and easily automated with small, low-voltage electric valves and timers. Operational cost-savings are magnified in multiple tank systems where multiple separators are operated by a centralized compressed air system and controller.

Abstract: Apparatus for inhibiting fines carryover in the form of a settlement tank comprising: a filter which divides the tank into upper and lower portions; a fluid inlet in the lower portion for admitting into the tank a fluid with entrained solids; and a fluid outlet in the upper portion through which filtered fluid can leave the tank. The filter comprises filter media supported on a permeable wall, the wall including a filter media outlet which is normally closed, and opening means for opening the filter media outlet to allow the filter media to discharge into the lower portion of the tank. The invention also relates to a method of refilling the filter with filter media.

Abstract: Coolant fluid cleaning method, system, and apparatus use a rotating magnet to remove particulate matter from a fluid used to cool or lubricate a machining or other operation. Such system includes a rotating magnet in fluid communication with apparatus circulating fluid past the rotating magnet. A scraper blade removes particulate matter which is picked up by the rotating magnet. The system or apparatus can include a dirty fluid reservoir, one or more conveyor which removes chips and particulate matter from the dirty fluid reservoir, and a clean fluid reservoir. The rotating magnet collects particulate matter in the dirty fluid reservoir and discharges the collected particulate matter to a discharge conveyance. When the rotating magnet is used in combination with a disc filter, the magnet relieves some cleaning load from the disc filter.

Abstract: An apparatus for filtering water and/or wastewater including at least one underdrain lateral. The underdrain lateral is configured to receive a liquid during a filtration cycle and directs a washing fluid through a filter bed of one or more layers of filter media during a washing cycle. The filter can take any form including but not limited to an upflow clarifier, an upflow filter, a downflow clarifier, a downflow filter and a bi-flow filter. The filter media may be supported by one or more layers of gravel. Alternatively, a porous plate can be attached to the underdrain lateral in place of the gravel layers. The washing cycle can be a liquid only wash, a gas only wash, a combined liquid and gas wash or a combination of any of the aforementioned wash cycles.

Abstract: A filter media backwash removal method and device for transporting backwash fluid and solids away from re-entering a housing containing circulating filter media.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for treating water for human consumption, so as to eliminate manganese and possibly other metals comprising steps which consist in: causing said water to pass at least over a bed of filtering material (3) consisting at least partly of manganese dioxide granules, said granules having a real density ranging between 3.5 and 4.5 and a hardness higher than 6 on the Mosh scale; regenerating, if necessary, said manganese dioxide, said regeneration being carried out mechanically.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a filter underdrain for supporting a filter media between at least two dividers forming at least one cell, which includes at least one porous plate for supporting the filter media for filtering a fluid, the porous plate spanning across at least one of the dividers; and a plurality of support members beneath the porous plate, the support members containing at least one port for draining the fluid after the fluid passes through the porous plate. The porous plates may be bound together by a lap joint and an end section may be included between at least two of the support members, the end section containing at least one pocket for holding the porous plate.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an automatic backwash filter system that includes at least one influent port for introducing a fluid to the filter; a plurality of partitions forming a plurality of compartments for holding a filtering media for filtering the fluid; at least one porous plate for supporting the plurality of partitions; wherein each of the partitions is mounted atop a continuous portion of the porous plate; and at least one effluent port for draining the fluid away from the compartments. The filter may also include a filter media comprising one or more selected from the group consisting of sand, anthracite coal, and activated carbon.

Abstract: A liquid filtering apparatus is placed in a vessel having a bed of filtration material and an intake for introducing unfiltered liquid, that includes a washbox, an airlifting tube extending from the washbox and including an intake end and means for introducing a primary gas to the airlifting tube, the airlifting tube passing through a central pipe, which extends from just below the washbox to a position just above the intake end. At least one screen cartridge is oriented in a generally angular downward direction in the bed and is in communication with an effluent chamber defined in part by the outer surface of the central pipe. A reject line extends from the washbox, and an effluent collector extends from the effluent chamber. A method of filtering and cleaning the filtration material is also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention recites a filter comprising a block including an outer wall defining an inner chamber and a block exterior, and a conduit having a conduit wall, a first conduit end, a second conduit end, and an inner flow path providing fluid communication between the first and second conduit ends. The conduit wall includes an orifice therethrough. The conduit is coupled to the block such that the first conduit end is in fluid communication with the inner chamber of the block and the second conduit end and the orifice are in fluid communication with the block exterior.

Abstract: A liquid filtering apparatus is placed in a vessel having a bed of filtration material and an intake for introducing unfiltered liquid, that includes a washbox, an airlifting tube extending from the washbox and including an intake end and means for introducing a primary gas to the airlifting tube, the airlifting tube passing through a central pipe, which extends from just below the washbox to a position just above the intake end. At least one screen cartridge is oriented in a generally angular downward direction in the bed and is in communication with an effluent chamber defined in part by the outer surface of the central pipe. A reject line extends from the washbox, and an effluent collector extends from the effluent chamber. A method of filtering and cleaning the filtration material is also disclosed.

Abstract: An improved vertical filtration unit which includes an airlift and a washbox designed for more efficient washing of dirt particles from the filtration material. The washbox consists of a filter media shield, and a washbox skirt for washing of the filtration material. A throttling valve on the wash water discharge line regulates the overall cleaning rate of the unit. The filtered liquid is discharged via a riser pipe which feeds into a filtered liquid box before exiting the filtration unit.

Abstract: Operation of a membrane filter includes the step of selectively supplying gas into the compartments of a membrane unit 50 composed of an array of membrane elements 51 disposed within a treatment tank 31. A skirt element 71 is disposed at a bottom portion of the membrane unit and an aerator 61 is disposed under the skirt. A partition is also disposed at the bottom of the membrane unit forming compartments within the shirt element. The gas bubbles discharged from the aerator increase their rising force upon entry into gaps between the membranes. Because of the arrangement of the partition within the skirt element the flow rate of bubbles along the opposite side edge portions of the membrane unit can be increased having the advantage of cleaning the entire surface of each membrane, thereby preveting clogging by sludge, SS, colloid, etc. within the gaps between the membranes.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for treating water to abate their content in suspended matter and, as the case may be in parasites, characterised in that it consists in causing said water to pass through at least one sedimentation tank (1) at a treatment speed higher than 20 mph then, through at least a multilayer filter with decreasing size grading (2) at a treatment speed higher than 10 mph. The sedimentation tank used is preferably a sedimentation tank with ballasted floc preferably lamellar.

Abstract: Method of filtering liquid using a vertical filter, which includes media, an airlift, a washbox, a reject box, a filtrate chamber, and an effluent box. The method of filtration and media cleaning is automatic. The filtered liquid is collected by multi-cartridge screens before entering a filtrate chamber. The filtrate flows from the filtrate chamber into an effluent weir box. The liquid level in the filter is controlled by an effluent weir in the effluent weir box. The reject line is below the water level in the filter, which provides the driving force for the reject flow. The reject rate is controlled by liquid level in the filter tank and a throttling valve on the reject discharge line. The washbox includes a filtration material shield, a filtration material/dirtied liquid separation zone, and a washbox skirt with a washbox isolator, which prevents the dirt in the washbox form entering the influent zone.

Abstract: A concurrent backwash distribution apparatus for a filter having a filter tank and a plurality of underdrain laterals includes a baffle positioned in a common main conduit to define an auxiliary flume between the baffle and the underdrain laterals. The auxiliary flume is in fluid communication with the common main conduit and the underdrain laterals. The baffle has at least one flume liquid metering orifice preferably located near the bottom of the baffle so that it may be below a gas/liquid interface in the auxiliary flume during concurrent gas/liquid backwash operations. A flow distribution plate may be positioned between the auxiliary flume and the underdrain laterals, the flow distribution plate having at least one liquid metering orifice and at least one gas metering orifice. The baffle may take one of many forms. The baffle creates an adequate liquid pool in the common main conduit for low velocity flow of backwash liquid while at the same time providing uninhibited flow of backwash gas.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are disclosed for treating swimming pool waters in order to remove one or more nutrients necessary for algal growth and to accelerate the breakdown of objectionable chloramines within chlorinated pool waters. The target nutrients of preference are those containing phosphorus or nitrogen. Phosphorus nutrients are preferably removed by ion-exchange with finely divided lanthanum carbonate, or by direct precipitation in the pool with liquid lanthanum chloride. Nitrogen nutrients (including, in particular, chloramines) may be removed (possibly with the aid of catalysts and in separate reactors). The same reagents used to scavenge phosphates are useful in this regard, the nitrogen being released from the pool water as a nitrogenous gas. To allow the fine lanthanum carbonates to be conveniently handled in the pool environment, they may be linked to larger carrier particles, such as those of diatomaceous earth, or they may be embedded within porous beads formed from polymers or gels.

Abstract: A continuous filter device for liquids has a filter chamber that receives a granular bulk material forming a filter bed. The filter chamber has rectangular inner-walls with a liquid-permeable inlet side and a liquid-permeable outlet side positioned opposite the inlet side. A liquid-impermeable outer wall is positioned at the inlet side and forms together with the inlet side an inlet chamber. The inlet side has openings allowing flow of a liquid to be filtered from the inlet chamber into the filter chamber. A liquid-impermeable outer mantle is positioned at the outlet side and forms together with the outlet side a filtrate collection chamber. The outlet side has openings allowing filtrate flow from the filter chamber into the filtrate collection chamber. A cone-shaped removal chamber is connected to a lower end of the filter chamber. A flow discharge chamber is connected to an upper end of the filter chamber.

Abstract: An underdrain block for a filter media system for supporting the filter media and distributing air and water backwash. The underdrain block comprising a top wall, a bottom wall and two side walls forming an open ended interior. Interior walls, known as lateral separation walls, divide the interior of the block into primary and secondary laterals. When the blocks are laid end to end, the laterals form a common distribution conduit for the transport of air and water backwash. The lateral separation walls can be angular or curved. Curved walls and specifically angled walls increase the area of the laterals. The spacing of the blocks can be approximately 18 inches and the height approximately 8 inches. The underdrain blocks are interlocking to form conduits of up to 40 feet in length.

Abstract: A filtration tank (1) for purification of polluted water includes a chamber (12). Upper and lower filtration screens (20, 22) are supported within the chamber. Filtration particles (18) are confined between the upper and lower screens. Polluted water enters the chamber through an inlet (26), passes through the screens and the filtration particles and exits the chamber through a purified water outlet (28). Periodically, the inlet and outlet are closed and the water in the chamber is drained through a drain outlet (32). Nozzles (42, 45) spray cleaning fluid over the filter particles and screens to dislodge trapped dirt.

Abstract: A method of backwashing a filter includes a) supplying a backwash liquid via a conduit toward one end of a filter bed; b) aspirating air into the backwash liquid upstream of the bed; c) introducing a mixture of air and backwash liquid into the filter bed at the one end thereof; and d) expelling backwash water and air from an opposite end of the filter bed. A related filter system includes a filter basin having a bed of filter media material therein; a filtrate channel proximate the basin; at least one tubular underdrain header in the bed and in fluid communication with the filtrate channel; and a backwash pump having a backwash water supply conduit selectively engageable with the underdrain header for supplying backwash liquid to the bed. The backwash water supply conduit includes a nozzle for aspirating air into the supply conduit at a location between the backwash pump and the bed.

Abstract: This invention comprises a process and apparatus for producing purified drinking water from surface or ground fresh water sources using no chemical pre-treatment or coagulants, by usage of a positively-charged filtration media to attract the typically negatively-charged suspended solids present in the water source. The process, which can be portable, includes a filtration system having a filtration/recirculation/backwash component and a disinfection step. The process further includes a system controller which receives electrical signals from float controls to control the filtration, recirculation, and backwash steps. This process produces drinking water which meets or exceeds the guidelines set by the World Health Organization for turbidity and microbiological content.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a water treatment system including a treatment tank having an ion-exchange mineral bed or filter bed therein, and a valve head assembly disposed on top of and in fluid communication with the treatment tank. The valve head assembly includes a passage for allowing a flow of fluid through the valve head assembly, a vacuum pressure creating device disposed within the passage, a drain disposed within the passage and at a downstream side of the vacuum pressure creating device, and a valve disposed within the passage and at a downstream side of the vacuum pressure creating device. The valve is movable to an open position and a closed position for allowing fluid flow through the vacuum pressure creating device, whereby a portion of fluid flows through the drain and a lesser remaining portion of fluid flows through the valve when the valve is in the open position.

Abstract: Use of a disposable filtration capsule with a non-occluded membrane filter element in the place of a standard spiral wound cartridge allows for the more rapid and quantitative filtration, recovery, and quantitation of microorganisms in liquid, particularly surface waters, well water, tap water, and the like. The capsule allows a severe reduction in the water sample size tested, substantially minimizes risks of cross-contamination, and provides a leak-proof vessel for shipment. Risk of infection of laboratory personnel and time of analysis are both reduced. Costs of measuring contamination by microorganisms such as Giardia and Cryptosporidium is lowered significantly while increasing the accuracy and dependability of the measurement.

Abstract: Oil spill polluted water is conducted under pressure in sequence through arator devices to collect and burn a polluted water mixture having its oil concentration increased by extraction of water therefrom during axial flow through the separator devices. Such water extraction is effected by sequential radial outflow through oil flow blocking filter walls of the separator devices in response to rotation thereof.

Abstract: A backwash sealing shoe is provided for a filtration system including a tank having an undivided filtration bed and a plurality of side-by-side headers within the bed, each header in communication with a respective port in a wall of the tank. The sealing shoe includes a hydraulic section including an opening surrounded by a seal and adapted to sealingly engage the wall in surrounding relationship to at least one of the ports; and at least one blocking section adjacent the hydraulic section on one side thereof and including a plate surrounded by a seal and adapted to sealingly engage the wall in surrounding relationship to at least one adjacent port to thereby block flow from the tank through at least one adjacent port during a backwash operation.

Abstract: A filtering process for and apparatus separating air bubbles and granular filter medium from a filtrate contaminated by the filter medium and bubbles when passing through a filter bed formed by the filter medium for treatment of a suspension or liquid solution, a gas being passed through the filter medium in contact therewith, includes providing a treated filtrate zone (3) above the filter bed (2), collecting the treated filtrate in the filtrate zone, conducting granular filter medium from the filter bed (2) upwardly through a conveying pipe (4) to a position above the filter bed and thereafter downwardly through a washing apparatus (5) from which the filter medium is precipitated onto a plate (11) above the filter bed.

Abstract: A process of dewatering primary-treated sewage which includes mixing the sewage with a coagulant or flocculant aid, usually activated polymer. The sewage is then mixed and flocculated at conditions which involve extensive mixing turbulence of the sewage and whereby part of the sewage is recycled so as to be again subjected to such mixing and flocculating. Flocks form the solid particles in the sewage. The pH of the sewage is chemically adjusted into the basic pH range or to a higher basic pH. The sewage is applied to a sand bed whereby the flocculated solids in the sewage are separated from the liquid in the sewage, by collecting on the top of the sand bed. The flocculated solids located on the top of the sand bed are air dried. The dried flocculated solids are removed from the top of the sand bed.