Abstract: A generally columnar chamber for uniformly mixing a gas, such as ozone, into a liquid, such as water. The mixing chamber is assembled from a series of round tray sections each having an outer and an inner helical conduit sections and a central vertical tube section. The trays are stacked and secured together to form a continuous outer helix, inner helix and central column. A port at the bottom of the column directs liquid into the outer helical conduit spiraling up to the top of the column where a crossover port directs the liquid into the inner helical conduit downwardly to a cylindrical sump. The outlet of the inner helix into the sump is angled so as to create a vortex in the sump, forcing heavy particles outwardly to the sump wall. Heavy particles are allowed to migrate down the wall to a collection region at the bottom of the sump for later removal.

Abstract: A new and improved engine coolant filter for removing particulate matter such as scale and rust from an internal combustion engine cooling system, the engine coolant filter comprising a filter element wherethrough coolant fluid may be circulated, the filter element including a housing having an input aperture and an output aperture, the housing also having filter medium disposed between the input aperture and the output aperture wherethrough coolant fluid may flow, and a manifold installed in series with a pressurized coolant line, the manifold having an input port and an output port, the manifold being removedly connected to the filter element such that coolant fluid flowing into the input port is circulated through the filter medium then out the output port, the manifold also having an automatic clogged-filter bypass valve whereby an unacceptable pressure differential across the ports caused by clogged filter medium shunts the coolant fluid around the clogged filter medium, the manifold further having a vis

Abstract: A treatment apparatus and system for treating small batches of waste material from a septic tank or holding tank of a portable restroom service truck. The apparatus includes at least one processing tank capable of holding a small batch of waste material. The processing tank is designed to function as a processing tank in which oxidation of the waste material occurs and as a separation tank in which the oxidized waste material is separated into sludge and waste water. The processing tank has an upper section and a lower hopper section with a discharge pipe attached to the hopper section. Viewing ports are manufactured on the front surface of the processing tank which enables the operator to determine the amount of waste material placed inside the processing tank and to view the oxidation and separation processes occurring therein during treatment. A mixer is also provided which is used to mix the waste material.

Abstract: A filter of a water purifying apparatus main body which is housed in a sink is made as a positive electrode, and a DC voltage is applied, by a dry battery cell, between the filter and a negative electrode in a purified water passage. Thus, microbes are prevented from proliferating in tap water which remains in the water purifying apparatus main body. A discharge pipe of the water faucet used exclusively for purified water is made as a negative electrode, and a DC voltage is applied, by the dry battery cell, between the positive electrode in the outlet of a cartridge and the discharge pipe. Thus, microbes are prevented from proliferating in tap water which remains in the water faucet used exclusively for purified water.

Abstract: An improved dispensing spout assembly and method for self-service dispensing of purified water is described for reducing the possibility of contamination. An overlapping pair of enclosures house an ultraviolet lamp and a delivery nozzle to provide a secondary purification just prior to delivery and to inhibit contact between the nozzle and any contaminated objects, while permitting the exit of purified water to a container.

Abstract: An axial flow filtration cartridge, a system, a support assembly, an apparatus, as well as a process are provided for removing particulate matter as well as dissolved heavy metal ions and the like from an aqueous effluent stream. The invention is useful for removing contaminants from industrial waste streams. The cartridge contains features which make it relatively resistant to fouling by solid particles. Additionally, the cartridge has no central void volume. No separate housing for the cartridges is required. In a system embodiment the cartridge has a filtering chamber containing absorbent clay particles confined between porous liquid-permeable retainer means. An upstream cartridge cap and a downstream cartridge cap removably receive the ends of the filter cartridge in a liquid-tight seal. The flow of aqueous effluent to each of the cartridges is individually controlled.

Abstract: A mixer-settler is provided which is modulatable and permits use, manipulation and maintenance within a tight, shielded enclosure using a telemanipulator. The mixer-settler is constituted by several modules (M1, M2, M3), which can be reciprocally dismantled by using tight connecting means (19, 20, 21). The inlets and outlets (17, 18) for the heavy and light phases are located on the front face (40) of each module. Regulating members (9, 10, 11) issue onto the upper surface of each module close to the front face (40). Preferably, shield windows (12) make it possible in each case to see the interphase of a stage comprising a mixing chamber (1) and a settling chamber (2). This is completed by a motorization assembly (3) placed above the module. Application to the treatment of radioactive liquids.

Abstract: A cartridge (1) for mounting in a water circuit of an apparatus (3) comprises a chamber (6) having a first orifice (4) connected to a liquid reservoir, and a second orifice (5) through which the liquid exits. The chamber also contains a resin (8) for demineralizing the liquid, as well as a state-changing material indicating saturation of the said resin, the chamber having a transparent portion (7) permitting a user to verify a color change. The transparent portion (7) comprises two juxtaposed windows (9 and 10) and a separating partition (11) arranged between the first orifice (4) and the second orifice (5), one end of which terminates at the transparent portion (7) between the two windows (9 and 10) and the other free end of which separated from the peripheral wall delimits, for the liquid, a path of predetermined length so as to permit comparison between the two windows.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of removing fluoride and sulfate ions from an aqueous stream by adding calcium chloride and a source of phosphate ion to the stream to form a first precipitate of calcium sulfate and a compound of calcium, fluoride, and phosphate. The precipitate is separated from the aqueous stream and a source of carbonate ion is added to the stream to form a second precipitate which contains fluoride and calcium. The second precipitate is then separated from the aqueous stream.

Abstract: A separator for removing oil-like substances from water using vertical columns of coalescing media to then enhance separation of the two phases. The coalescing media is an inert packing material having surfaces to enhance coalescing without significant resistance to flow. Final oil removal is achieved by a vertical column of charcoal pellets. The separator is of particular value in the processing of oil/water discharges from air compressing systems. This produces water that can be discharged in an environmentally safe manner to conventional sewers, etc. The oil is held in a convenient storage vessel for ultimate disposal. No pumping devices are needed in the separator as flow is provided either by the pressure in the outlet from the compressor system, or by gravity from a feed tank. The vertical columns are arranged within a cylindrical vessel to minimize floor space and plumbing. The oil concentration in the product water is below current EPA standards.

Abstract: Separation of oil from an aqueous condensate is effected by feeding the condensate into the headspace of a liquid pool containig separation tank so that a layer of oil will settle on top of water in the pool. An oil-receiver tank above the separation tank and connected thereto by a vertical pipe, also has a liquid pool therein above which a head space at sub-atmospheric pressure exists. Oil in the layer is accessed with a lower entry to the vertical pipe submerged below the separation tank liquid level and ascends into the pipe and upwardly to the oil-receiver tank, the oil ascent being accompanied by descent of water from the liquid pool in the oil-receiver tank. When the oil-receiver tank and an upper section of the vertical pipe are filled with oil only, the oil-containing tank can be drained. Separation operation can resume following reestablishment of the liquid pool in the oil-receiver by inletting a quantity of clean water thereto.

Abstract: An analytical rotor for separating cellular components from a biological fluid includes a separation chamber spaced radially outward from a sample chamber. The sample chamber may be an open receptacle disposed to receive sample or may be a mixing chamber which receives sample and diluent. A flow restrictive channel connects the sample chamber to the separation chamber so that fluid enters the separation chamber at a controlled rate. The cellular components collect within a retention region located generally at the outer periphery of the collection chamber while cell-free fluid is continuously removed through a collection port. The collection port is spaced annularly apart from the flow channel so that there is sufficient residence time within the separation chamber for substantially complete separation of the cells from the fluid fraction.

Abstract: The present invention provides a centrifugal rotor which measures and delivers a predetermined volume of fluid to a receiving chamber in the rotor. The rotor comprises a bulk fluid chamber containing a bulk amount of fluid and a metering chamber which has a predetermined volume. The bulk fluid flowing into the metering chamber fills the chamber and excess fluid flows out into an overflow chamber. Thus, a predetermined volume is obtained. This volume is delivered to the receiving chamber through an exit duct which prevents flow at the rotational speed required to fill the metering chamber but allows flow at a second, higher rotational speed. The exit duct is typically a capillary in which capillary forces prevent flow until the rotational speed is increased.

Abstract: A passive type of filter apparatus for an automotive type cooling system utilizes a conventional gasoline fuel filter for filtering a portion of the liquid coolant moving through the system. Pickup and return conduits are positioned within the coolant flow circuit, and part of the coolant flow is diverted through the pickup conduit so as to pass through the fuel filter. After the coolant has passed through the fuel filter, it is returned to the coolant system through the return conduit. Two different types of sight glasses can be employed in the system to allow a viewing of the coolant flow and to also provide an indication of when the coolant is no longer acceptably clean.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for aeration of waste water in a dissolved air flotation waste water treatment system includes a container for receiving and retaining waste water for settling of heavy particles and flotation of light particles to the surface of the waste water. Waste water is removed from the container and supplied to a free standing tank. Pressure in the tank is maintained at a predetermined level through the injection of compressed air into the tank. Waste water removed from the tank is pumped through a multiple jet configuration wherein air from the tank is entrained in the waste water as the water is injected back into the tank. The aerated water is discharged from the tank back into the container, thereby providing an efficient aeration process. Aerating the water in a free standing tank separate from the container increases clarification quality as a result of reduced disturbance of the particles floated to the surface of the waste water and reduced need for chemical addition to the waste water.

Abstract: A method of repurifying water from a public supply, comprising the steps of:taking water to be repurified continuously from the public supply;filtering the water slowly through a volume of particulate material; andaccumulating the filtered water to provide a store of repurified water for later use as and when required.According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for repurifying water from a public supply, comprising:a water inlet adapted for connection to the public supply and operable to take a continuous flow of water from the supply;a filter comprising a volume of particulate filter material and arranged to receive the water from the water inlet;a container arranged to receive filtered water therefrom and to store the filtered water;and a water outlet connected to the container and operable to draw off filtered water as and when required.

Abstract: A water filtering, sterilizing and heating apparatus is provided. The apparatus includes filter tank provided with activated carbon therein, to filter bacteria, miscellaneous impurities and odor in water. The output of the filter is coupled to a microwave oscillator to vibrate and churn the water coming from the filter tank. The water from the microwave oscillator is coupled to an ultraviolet light sterilizing tank having an ultraviolet lamp disposed vertically in the center thereof. A storage tank is provided to receive and store the water coming from the ultraviolet light sterilzing tank. The fluid level in the storage tank is maintained by automatically controlling the passage of water thereto by means of an electromagnetic valve actuated by a micro switch responsive to displacement of a float. The temperature of the stored water being kept at a preset temperature by means of a heater and a temperature sensor.

Abstract: Fluid reservoirs are often provided with a means by which the severity of fluid contamination may be monitored. One method of checking the condition of the fluid, requires the disassembly or removal of one or more components from the associated reservoir in order to read the monitoring device. Another method is utilized in conjunction with the filtration system of the fluid and an indication is observed when the level of contamination reaches a predetermined point. The present invention provides an apparatus whereby the condition of a fluid may be continually observed without requiring the disassembly or removal of any components attached to the fluid reservoir, regardless of the condition of the fluid.

Abstract: An oil filtration and exhaust apparatus for filtering particulates and gases from the recirculating oil of a vacuum pump which is adapted to remove gases from a process enclosure. The oil filtration and exhaust apparatus removes particulates and gases from the recirculating oil by means of particulate filters and a gas scrubbing filter. Additionally, the exhaust gases are demisted prior to exhaust to an exhaust header. The apparatus is particularly suited to semiconductor manufacturing processes.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for biological purification of waste water wherein waste water and oxygenated gas are introduced into a reactor using ascending cocurrents. The reactor is equipped with a lower fluidized bed and an upper fixed bed for filtration. The particles in the beds are composed of expanded materials having a density less than 1. The particles in the fixed bed are both smaller and lighter than those of the fluidized bed.

Abstract: A chromatographic device is disclosed. The device comprises in combination a housing, a strip of bibulous material non-removably confined in the housing. The strip has a length and width only slightly less than the length and width of the inner walls of the housing. The inner walls of the housing have means attached thereto for supportively confining the strip in the housing. The strip is confined so that (1) the front and back of the strip are essentially free from contact with the walls of the housing and (2) the capillary action of the strip remains substantially unchanged, and (3), where the strip is paper, the strip is allowed to expand as it is traversed by the liquid medium. The bottom end of the housing contains means for enabling contact of a portion of the strip with the liquid medium. The housing further contains means for visually observing the strip and can also contain indicating means cooperative therewith to assist in determining the result of a chromatographic test.

Abstract: Apparatus for dewatering radioactive waste slurry solids. The apparatus includes a vacuum pump for applying a vacuum to a suitable flexible filter and collapsible membrane combination in which the slurry solids are contained so that the slurry solids are compressively dewatered when the vacuum is applied. The apparatus further includes a container for suitably storing the resulting dewatered slurry solids.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting air and water in and eliminating air and water from the fuel in diesel-type internal combustion engines includes a main body which is composed of an upper part, a cylindrical and transparent intermediate part, and a lower base part. The upper part defines five openings of suitable diameter. The first opening is connected to a connection tube for taking in fuel from a fuel tank. The second opening receives a suction tube immersed in fuel contained in the intermediate part and in communication with an injection pump. The suction tubes defined an inlet hole at the lower level within the intermediate part which ensures that fuel is conducted to the injection pump without air. A third opening is in communication with a fuel return leakage of the injection pump. A fourth opening receives a warning probe member which includes a float sliding in a guide member. The float controls two magnetic switches by sliding in the guide.

Abstract: A method of repurifying water from a public supply, comprising the steps of:taking water to be repurified continuously from the public supply;filtering the water slowly through a volume of particulate material; andaccumulating the filtered water to provide a store of repurified water for later use as and when required.According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for repurifying water from a public supply, comprising:a water inlet adapted for connection to the public supply and operable to take a continuous flow of water from the supply;a filer comprising a volume of particulate filter material and arranged to receive the water from the water inlet;a container arranged to receive filtered water therefrom and to store the filtered water;and a water outlet connected to the container and operable to draw off filtered water as and when required.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for separating immiscible liquids such as water from oil such as lubricating oil or diesel and fuel oil contained in a reservoir, including an outlet adjacent the lowest part of the reservoir, a first conduit having an inlet connected to the outlet of the reservoir, and a first conduit outlet where a selected segment of the conduit between the conduit inlet and outlet is of reduced diameter, and where a segment of the conduit intermediate the inlet and outlet is offset downwardly, a vertically disposed elongate separator having a midsection of selected diameter with an inlet connected to the outlet of the first conduit, a first receiver having a diameter greater than the diameter of the midsection and having an inlet communicating with the midsection where the first receiver is located above the midsection and a second receiver located beneath the receiver having a diameter greater than the midsection, with an inlet communicating with the midsection where the first receiver includes an en

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting oil and other lighter-than-water contaminants in an effluent stream in a sewage system. The apparatus includes a disposable detector which floats in the effluent stream and detects oil and other contaminants having a specific gravity lighter than the water by absorbing the oil and such contaminants in an oleophilic material, permitting the oil and other contaminants to rise and collect in a collection tube. The acidity of pH of the effluent being monitored is determined by routing a portion of the effluent stream across a litmus paper.

Abstract: A device for separating the oil from an oil/water mixture collected in the bilge of a marine craft immediately prior to draining water from the craft in order to meet U.S. Coast Guard standards and eliminate or substantially reduce the discharge of pollutants, such as oil, into waterways when the bilge pump of the marine craft is activated in the conventional manner.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for allowing mixing of solutions in low gravity environments so as to carry out crystallization of proteins and other small molecules or other chemical syntheses, under conditions that maximize crystal growth and minimize disruptive turbulent effects. The apparatus is comprised of a housing, a plurality of chambers, and a cylindrical rotatable valve disposed between at least two of the chambers, said valve having an internal passageway so as to allow fluid movement between the chambers by rotation of the valve. In an alternate embodiment of the invention, a valve is provided having an additional internal passageway so that fluid from a third chamber can be mixed with the fluids of the first two chambers. This alternate embodiment of the invention is particularly desirable when it is necessary to provide a termination step to the crystal growth, or if a second synthetic step is required.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for controlling operating conditions of a corrugated plate interceptor vessel using at least two transparent windows located in proximity of the oil and treated water layers which are maintained transparent by washing their interior surfaces with a clean fluid such as water.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting oil and other lighter-than-water contaminants in an effluent stream in a sewage system. The apparatus includes a disposable detector which floats in the effluent stream and detects oil and other contaminants having a specific gravity lighter than the water by absorbing the oil and such contaminants in an oleophilic material, permitting the oil and other contaminants to rise and collect in a collection tube. The acidity or pH of the effluent being monitored is determined by routing a portion of the effluent stream through the lower side of the detector across a litmus paper. The detector is held in the sewage system by a securing system which indicates whether the detector has been tampered with since it was installed.

Abstract: A water purifying apparatus includes a water line extending from a source to a nozzle and having a filter, a sanitizing element and a venturi in the line. An ozone generator is connected to the venturi to supply ozonated air to the water flowing through the line. The ozone sanitizes the nozzle as water is discharged into a bottle.

Abstract: The specification discloses an externally mounted filter for filtering contaminated fluids from a fluid-containing system. Fluid is conducted from the system to a housing, through a filter element inside the housing, and back to the system. The filter includes an indicator, visible to a person viewing the housing, which is configured to assume an indicating configuration upon exposure to a fluid pressure in the filter in excess of a predetermined level. The filter is configured to discriminate between momentary fluid pressure surges and excess fluid pressure in the filter so that the indicator is not prematurely activated.

Abstract: An adjustable distribution cell apparatus is disclosed, the apparatus including first and second independently-operable seals for preventing the leakage of eluant beyond the distribution cell. The inventive apparatus is useful in combination with a chromatographic column having viewing windows therein.

Abstract: A device for controlling the water balance of patients undergoing haemodialysis, the device comprising a dialyser, the input of which is connected to a first vessel containing a given quantity of clean dialysing fluid, and the output of which is connected to a second vessel for receiving the contaminated dialysing fluid; the main characteristic of the present invention consisting in the fact that it comprises first weighing means for weighing the first and second vessels and so determining the change in weight of the same during operation.

Abstract: A drawer filter having a housing which includes a top flange with an opening and a bottom flange with an opening in communication with the opening of the top flange. A magnetic filter slidably lodges within the housing in communication with the opening of the top flange and the opening of the bottom flange in order to filter magnetically any particulate matter passing through the top and the bottom opening. A gate valve slidably lodges within the housing between the opening in the top flange and the magnetic filter in order to control the flow of particulate matter through and between the opening in the top flange and the opening in the bottom flange.

Abstract: A method for conditioning water includes the steps of subjecting the water to a magnetic field treatment by causing it to flow through at least one magnetic field; and subjecting the water, in combination with the magnetic field treatment, to an oligodynamic treatment. An apparatus for conditioning water includes a chamber defining a flow path through which the water to be conditioned flows; at least one magnet system disposed about the chamber for generating a magnetic field, which magnetic field extends transversely to and penetrates the flow path; and pieces of at least one oligodynamically active metal disposed in the flowing water within the chamber.

Abstract: A washing machine has an outer casing in which a washing tub and a dryer tub are arranged. A control box with a holding recess is mounted on the outer casing. A filter is removably set in the holding recess. The filter filtrates water supplied from a tap and feeds the filtrated water into the dryer tub.

Abstract: A drawer filter having a housing which includes a top flange with an opening and a bottom flange with an opening in communication with the opening of the top flange. A magnetic filter slidably lodges within the housing in communication with the opening of the top flange and the opening of the bottom flange in order to filter magnetically any particulate matter passing through the top and the bottom opening. A gate valve slidably lodges within the housing between the opening in the top flange and the magnetic filter in order to control the flow of particulate matter through and between the opening in the top flange and the opening in the bottom flange.

Abstract: A method of, and a device for, providing a disinfectant carried by a water supply flowing through a conduit, comprising introducing a predetermined portion of the water into a sealed container having a reservoir and a chamber below the reservoir in intercommunication therewith, the reservoir holding a quantity of iodine crystals and being of a predetermined size sufficient to hold a quantity of water proportional to the maximum flow rate attainable through the conduit and such that a minimum concentration of 120 parts per million (milligrams per liter) is obtainable as an outflow from the container when the supply of water is at least above freezing, the predetermined portion of the water being introduced into the chamber and outflowing from the reservoir above the iodine crystals whereby all said water portion passes between the iodine crystals. The device includes inlet means opening into the chamber and outlet means opening from the reservoir above the iodine crystals.

Abstract: Apparatus for recovery and reuse of parts cleaning fluid or similar fluid such as oil upon separation and removal from water, including a tank for receiving and collecting the water and fluid which floats atop the water. A removable shelf may be slidably mounted in the upper part of the tank for directing the fluid flow to the rear of the tank for channeled passage to a sludge collector. A box-like housing having a water discharge chamber partitioned by a plate-like baffle into water entry and outlet compartments which open to the upper part of the chamber that is vented to atmospheric pressure may be mounted in the lower part of the tank by associated fluid drain fittings. The outlet compartment has a drain whereas the water entry compartment has a relatively small inlet closely adjacent the bottom of the tank so that only water will flow into the water discharge chamber for automatic discharge from the tank upon the level thereof exceeding the height of the baffle.

Abstract: A separatory funnel having a valve stem mounted through its center to accurately open, close, and regulate the flow of liquid from the funnel. The valve stem is provided with a passageway therein for forming a separate channel from the path of liquid flow to permit air to pass through the separatory funnel independently of the liquid flow from the funnel. This air passageway may exit internally of the funnel chamber, or externally thereof. In the external exit version, the valve stem is modified so that the air exit path can be capped and/or connected to another device. The lower end of the valve stem is provided with sealing structure of several types for assuring a tight and positive seal when the valve is closed. Also, the lower end of the valve stem is sandblasted to effect flow of all liquid therealong and tapered to a spherical ball at the very end for collecting and forming liquid droplets for precision liquid flow measurement.

Abstract: The invention provides a breakover detection device for use with a centrifugal separator. The device comprises a main chamber, a float in the main chamber operative to actuate switch contacts in response to the presence of liquid in the main chamber, an inlet and outlet for the main chamber arranged so that small volumes of liquid trickle from the inlet to the outlet without activating the float and large volumes of liquid at least partially fill the main chamber, thereby activating the float, electrodes in the main chamber for connection to circuitry discriminating between different liquids detected by the float in the main chamber. The device can detect the occurrence of breakover in a centrifugal separator, without leading to shutdown solely as a result of an increase in volume of the separated liquid.

Abstract: An improved electromagnetic boiler water conditioning apparatus and method for energy saving, comprising an electromagnetic water treatment unit combined with an external sludge collector attached to the boiler for boiler bottom blowdown by means of a solenoid valve controlled by a conductivity probe within the boiler. The probe is electrically connected to the solenoid blowdown valve. The blowdown is initiated by the conductivity probe whenever the dissolved solids within the boiler as a result of evaporation become too high. The external sludge collector permits unimpeded removal of sludge formed in the boiler passing into the collector and is a straight pipe having a diameter of about 21/2 to 4 times, preferably 3 times, the diameter of the standard openings at the bottom of the boiler. The level of the water to the boiler is maintained by an automatic level control which can also be cleaned through the sludge collector.

Abstract: An improved method and apparatus for controlled pressure testing at least one membrane filter in an on site of use housing, and to simultaneously test a plurality of membrane filters in a covered common housing at the site of use to independently determine by visual flow indicators if each filter is acceptable for use or is defective.

Abstract: A vessel into which previously used, dirtied ethylene glycol type antifreeze may be entered to be purified by sedimentation. After sedimentation is essentially completed and the antifreeze appears clear to the human eye, it may be drawn off by means of a side spigot without disrupting the sediment which has collected at the bottom. The apparatus further serves to register the degree of freeze protection of the antifreeze contained therein and serves as a storage container for the antifreeze until transferred.

Abstract: The anaerobic, displacement-type digester is for the biological production of methane gas. The process involves the anaerobic digestion of solid waste and water or a sewage slurry to produce a methane-rich gas, which can be utilized for its energy value. The digester includes a tank-type enclosure comprising an input end, a digesting chamber and an output end. At the output end a sealable output chamber is provided which can separate the output end from the digesting chamber. The output chamber is comprised of a lower partition and an upper partition, which allows the output chamber to be sealed from the digesting chamber. As waste material is introduced at the input end of the digester, a slurry is formed. The upper stratum of material or scum must periodically be removed from the slurry to provide space for additionally introduced waste into the digester and to optimize the anaerobic digestion process. An upper stratum displacement means is provided at the digesting chamber of the digester.

Abstract: A time saving combination of a manual pump connected with a storage tank pump and a float controlled drain valve. The connections permit circulation of liquid from the sump to the float valve and back to the storage tank while heavier liquid is allowed to drain from the valve.

Abstract: A water demineralization system including tanks for containing granular materials adapted to remove the minerals from the water. A trap is tapped into the outlet pipe of each tank for preventing the loss or escape of the granular material in the event of leakage out of such tanks.

Abstract: A filter, which may be used to filter particles of resin as well as protect against sudden loss of resin from an effluent discharged from an ion-exchange column, a first plate mounted between a flanged end of a first branch and a flanged end of a pipe, a second plate mounted between a blind flange and a flanged end of a second branch, and a perforated tube fitted through said branches so as to leave an annular space around the perforated tube. A first end of the perforated tube is threaded into a threaded aperture in the first plate to provide for manufacturing tolerances. A second end of the perforated tube is received by an annular groove on one face of the second plate to provide for a particle-tight seal, and the annular groove circumscribes a larger aperture in the second plate. A flanged end of a third branch is mounted to a flanged end of another pipe. A transparent sight may be provided at a fourth branch.

Abstract: At least part of the effluent from an ion exchanger flows past a first and second electrode. The electrodes are mounted within the pipe carrying the fluid so that they are visible from the outside. A DC voltage is applied between the electrodes. If the effluent contains a metal which should have been adsorbed by the ion exchanger, its presence is indicated either by a change in the voltage-current curve of the electrodes or a change in color of the cathode. Either a single metal or a group of metals may be precipitated.