Abstract: A vacuum switch device has a housing body, a stationary electrical contact and a moving electrical contact, which is arranged within the housing body. With a movement of the moving contact towards the stationary contact, the contacts form an electrical contact. With a movement away the electrical contact is interrupted. A sliding bearing provides sliding support for the moving contact for its movement towards and away from the stationary contact. The sliding bearing has an electrically conductive material and at least partially electrically insulates the housing body. A spring element is supported on a spring support and presses the moving electrical contact in the direction of the stationary electrical contact. There is also provided a circuit with a main current path and a parallel auxiliary current path. The vacuum switch device is arranged in the auxiliary current path.

Abstract: An electrical switchgear has a first switching contact piece and a second switching contact piece. The two switching contact pieces can be moved relative to one another by way of a kinematic chain. The kinematic chain has an axially movable drive element, which is guided in a guide element. A first pin is guided in a first gate and defines the trajectory of the drive element in the guide element.

Abstract: In a vacuum container (1) of a vacuum interrupter (1A), an insulating cylindrical body (10) is sealed with a fixed-side flange (11a) on the fixed side in the axial direction, and is sealed with a movable-side flange (11b) on the movable side in the axial direction. In the fixed-side flange (11a) and the movable-side flange (11b), annular expansion portions (5a, 5b) are formed between middle portions (3a, 3b) and outer peripheral edge portions (4a, 4b), respectively. The annular expansion portions (5a, 5b) are respectively formed in annular shapes extending along the outer peripheries of the middle portions (3a, 3b), and in shapes expanding in the axial outer side direction of the vacuum container (1), such that an arch structural effect can be obtained.

Abstract: A medium-voltage switchgear system includes a three-phase circuit breaker having first, second and third single-phase vacuum interrupters connected between respective first, second and third single-phase inputs and first, second and third single-phase outputs. Magnetic actuators are connected to first, second and third single-phase vacuum interrupters, which are configured to receive an interrupt signal and in response, actuate the respective vacuum interrupter connected thereto into an open circuit condition. A controller circuit is connected to each of the first, second and third magnetic actuators and generates an interrupt signal in response to a detected single-phase overcurrent or fault on a single-phase circuit and interrupt that single-phase circuit on which the single-phase overcurrent or fault occurred and maintain power on the remaining two single-phase circuits over which a single-phase overcurrent or fault was not detected.

Abstract: A shield element for a vacuum interrupter for installation between an electrically conductive wall element and an electrically insulating wall element of a vacuum interrupter includes a connection region, a shield inner region and a shield outer region. The shield outer region can be disposed outside of and the shield inner region can be disposed within the vacuum interrupter. The connection region has a first structure and a second structure which prevent the formation of mechanical stresses after soldering of the vacuum interrupter. A vacuum interrupter, a method for producing a shield element and a method for producing a vacuum interrupter are also provided.

Abstract: A flexible magnetic coil for determining ion migration rates inside a vacuum device can include a plurality of insulated copper wires held together as a bundle. A positive pole can be connected to a first end of the bundle for receiving a positive DC voltage. A negative pole can be connected to a second end of the bundle for completing a circuit with the positive pole. A DC voltage ranging from ten volts to four thousand volts from a power supply can be connected to the positive pole, the negative pole, or combinations thereof. The bundle can be a loop and can form a circuit when the DC voltage is applied to the loop. The bundle can create a flexible electromagnetic field of at least one Gauss around the vacuum device using a calculation of a number of turns of insulated copper wire multiplied by applied DC current.

Abstract: The disclosed concept pertains to vacuum interrupters and arc-resistant shields. The arc-resistant shields are positioned in between a ceramic insulator. Each end of the arc-resistant shield is hermetically sealed to the ceramic insulator. The arc-resistant shield includes an outer surface and an inner surface. The inner surface includes an arc-resistant material. Disposed within the arc-resistant shield is a pair of electrode assemblies which are separable to establish arcing. In certain embodiments, the arc-resistant material is copper-chromium alloy.

Abstract: A vacuum interrupter includes: one movable contact fixed on a movable contact stem; and one fixed contact with a fixed contact stem. The fixed contact and the movable contact are located in a electrically insulating tube, which is vacuumtightly closed by metal lids at boths sides. The fixed contact stem is placed vacuumtightly on one of the metal lids, and the movable contact stem is guided trough an opening of the opposite metal lid via an axially extendable vacuumtight bellow. In order to create a twist protection of the movable contact stem, a ring disc shaped plastic part with a central opening, through which the movable contact stem is guided, is connected externally to the vacuum interrupter such that inner spanner flats inside the opening complementarily fit closely to external spanner flats of the movable contact stem.

Abstract: A switch, in particular a grounding switch, is for quickly establishing a ground connection and for extinguishing an arc fault for a switching system. The grounding switch includes at least one fixed contact having a first cable feed, a moving contact, a contact guide having a second cable feed, and a mechanical energy store. In the opened state, an insulating distance between the fixed contact and the moving contact, is filled with insulation liquid, at least in part. The switch further includes a triggering device and a locking mechanism.

Abstract: A capacitor life diagnosis device includes: a first fluctuation detecting unit configured to detect a maximum value of fluctuation in output voltage of a first capacitor every fixed time; and an output unit configured to predict a residual life of the first capacitor on the basis of temporal transition of the maximum value of fluctuation in the output voltage detected by the first fluctuation detecting unit, and output a signal indicating the residual life of the first capacitor.

Abstract: An electric storage apparatus includes an electric storage device and a protective circuit for cutting off a power path when detecting abnormality including overcharge, the protective circuit being connected to an outside connecting terminal, to which a power generator and an outside load operated by electric power from the electric storage apparatus are connected. The protective circuit includes a charging or discharging path connecting the electric storage device to the outside connecting terminal, a potential difference measuring unit for measuring a potential difference at two points on the charging or discharging path, the two points on the charging or discharging path being located between a positive electrode of the electric storage device and the outside connecting terminal, a self-holding switch disposed between the two points on the charging or discharging path, and a current measuring unit for measuring a current.

Abstract: An electric switching device may include at least two conductor elements that can be placed at a distance from one another and contacted with each other using a moving mechanism, and a housing that defines a circuit breaker chamber, wherein the housing is made of an insulator, and at least partly surrounds the conductor elements. At least one face of the housing may have a resistive coating made of a matrix material filled with a filler, wherein the coating has a sheet resistance between 108 and 1012 ohm at the operating field strength, and is conductingly connected to the conductor elements.

Abstract: A vacuum valve according to embodiments of the present disclosure comprise a prescribed shaped vacuum insulation vessel 1 having openings on its both ends, sealing metal fittings 2,3 configured to seal the openings of the vacuum insulation vessel 1 respectively, and a pair of contact points 5,6 which can be brought into contact or out of contact with each other and is arranged within the vacuum insulation vessel 1, wherein the vacuum insulation vessel 1 includes a base material layer 1c of aluminum oxide, a 1st oxidization promotion layer 1a whose oxygen combination was promoted, which 1st oxidization promotion layer 1a is formed on the inner circumference of the base material layer 1c, and a 2nd oxidization promotion layer 1b whose oxygen combination was promoted, which 2nd oxidization promotion layer 1b is formed on the outer circumference of the base material layer 1c.

Abstract: A vacuum interrupter for a vacuum circuit breaker is disclosed, in which a center shield is arranged between an upper insulating envelope and a lower insulating envelope, whereby the center shield is not provided inside each of the insulating envelopes and thus outer diameters of the respective insulating envelopes are reduced.

Abstract: A contactor failure determining method in includes outputting a control signal for switching a positive-side contactor provided between a positive electrode of a multi-cell battery and a positive electrode of a load to which the multi-cell battery supplies electric power to an open state from a state in which a control signal for controlling the positive-side contactor and a negative-side contactor provided between a negative electrode of the multi-cell battery and a negative electrode of the load to a closed state and a precharge contactor provided between the multi-cell battery and the load to an open state is output, and as a first fixing determining step, determining a presence of fixing of the precharge contactor based on a degree of voltage drop of a voltage applied to the load after the control signal for switching the positive-side contactor to the open state is output.

Abstract: A vacuum interrupter assembly is provided. The vacuum interrupter assembly includes an operating mechanism, a vacuum chamber including a number of bellows assemblies, a conductor assembly including a first contact assembly and a second contact assembly, the first contact assembly including a stem and a contact member, the first contact assembly stem including an elongated body with a proximal first end, a medial portion, and a distal second end. The first contact assembly stem body has a reduced length. The first contact assembly stem body having a reduced length generates less heat and electrical resistance.

Abstract: An electrical equipment includes easily separable components, where, in particular, the electrical connections are immobilized by screws in a body, and can be extracted by a simple translational movement when the screws have been removed. The active part can also easily extractable. When combined with the fabrication of an outer body made of thermoplastic material, these features, allowing for easy disassembly, make it possible to easily recycle the equipment, which may be a circuit breaker, a switch, etc.

Abstract: A vacuum bulb is provided, including a sealed chamber; two electrical contacts, which move relative to one another, the chamber including a cylindrical body of a dielectric material and closed at ends thereof by two metal covers, each of the two metal covers being connected to one of the two electrical contacts: and a dielectric coating, which covers an outer surface of the chamber, and includes at least two layers, including an overmolding layer of a synthetic material and an intermediate layer of silicone, the intermediate layer being interposed between the outer surface and the overmolding layer, the intermediate layer being discontinuous and localized on metal portions of the chamber so as to cover at least partially an outer surface of the metal portions, and the silicone includes compressible hollow bodies having a skin of a thermoplastic material.

Abstract: A shielding element is disclosed for use in medium voltage switchgears with vacuum interrupters with at least two contacts, which are movable along a switching path between closed and open contact positions, wherein the shielding element is positioned around the contact position region in the vacuum interrupter, wherein at least the inner surface of the shielding is applied with an implemented surface structure to form a topographic structure which is a rough or a structured surface. To enhance the energy absorbance behavior of the shielding, the implemented topographic structure can be formed such that by given constant or approximately constant volume (Vi) of the shielding body, the surface ratio of the treated surface (S2) with implemented surface structure and volume V2, and a untreated surface (S1) without topographic structure and volume V1 is greater than 1, so that this follows the condition: V1˜V2 and S2/S1>1.

Abstract: A high voltage relay sticking control system for a vehicle having at least one contactor, a high voltage battery pack interfacing with the contactor and a weld diagnostic detection system interfacing with the high voltage battery pack and the contactor includes an increment counter adapted to interface with the contactor, the high voltage battery pack and the weld diagnostic detection system. The increment counter is adapted to transmit at least one set of coil power cycles through the contactor if a weld exists at the contactor. A high voltage relay sticking control method is also disclosed.

Abstract: An improved modular vacuum interruption apparatus includes a vacuum interrupter, a first connection module, and a second connection module, with the first and second connection modules each being connectable and disconnectable with a pair of electrodes of the vacuum interrupter. The first connection module is selected from among a plurality of connection modules that are similar yet different and can be used interchangeably to form various permutations of the improved modular vacuum interruption apparatus. The second connection module is likewise selected from among a plurality of connection modules that are similar yet different and that are interchangeably usable with the vacuum interrupter to form different permutations of the modular vacuum interruption apparatus.

Abstract: The disclosed concept pertains to alloy compositions, methods and arc-resistant shields composed of the alloy compositions. The arc-resistant shields are positioned in vacuum interrupter chambers and demonstrate resistance to arc damage and ability to hold off high voltages after arcing, while providing a lower cost alternative to traditional alloy compositions used for producing arc-resistant shields. In certain embodiments, the alloy compositions include copper and/or an element chemically compatible to copper and another component, such as but not limited to, iron, stainless steel, niobium, molybdenum, vanadium, tungsten carbide, chromium carbide, vanadium carbide and chromium, and alloys and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A vacuum interrupter, including: an insulating housing; a movable end cap; a stationary end cap; a pair of movable and stationary contacts; and a pair of shields. The pair of shields is fixed on the movable end cap and the stationary end cap, respectively. The insulating housing, the movable end cap, and the stationary end cap cooperate to form a closed space. The closed space includes a movable fracture and a stationary fracture. The movable fracture is formed by the pair of movable and stationary contacts for carrying rated current and disconnecting capacitive load whereby achieving breaking performance of the vacuum interrupter. The stationary fracture is formed by the pair of shields. When the pair of stationary and movable contacts reaches a full open position, the stationary contact and the movable contact enter the pair of shields, respectively.

Abstract: A vacuum interrupter is disclosed with a fixed contact and a movable contact placed axially in a spaced apart relationship. The ceramic insulator cylinders each surround the fixed contact and the movable contact. A floating shield within the ceramic cylinders has a floating potential flange disposed between the two ceramic cylinders, and exposed to external ambient. Encapsulation for at least one contact terminal extends from a metallic end cap of the corresponding contacts to cover a respective ceramic cylinder by an overlapping distance.

Abstract: A vacuum interrupter arrangement for a circuit breaker includes a first cylindrical shaped vacuum insert within which a pair of corresponding electrical contacts is coaxially arranged. The electrical contacts include a fixed electrical contact which is attached to the first vacuum insert and an axially movable electrical contact which is operated by a pushrod. A second cylindrical shaped vacuum insert is coaxially arranged to the first cylindrical shaped vacuum insert. Both vacuum inserts are coaxially surrounded by an outer vacuum container in order to form a double contact gap version.

Abstract: A battery pack for an electrically driven automobile includes plural battery banks, a battery management unit that detects current flows, voltages and temperatures, first and second terminals connected respectively to the positive and negative electrode terminals of the battery banks, plural third and fourth terminals connected respectively to the positive and negative electrode terminals of the battery banks, a main contactor that switches the connection between the positive electrode terminals of the battery banks and the first terminal and the connection between the negative electrode terminals of battery banks and the second terminal, sub-contactors that switch the connection between the positive electrode terminals of the battery banks and the first terminal, and charging sub-contactors that switch the connection between the positive electrode terminals of the battery banks and the third terminals and the connection between the negative electrode terminals of the battery banks and the fourth terminals, r

Abstract: A vacuum switch tube has a housing which has two insulating housing regions arranged and configured symmetrically in respect of a center plane. Each of the two insulating housings contains a plurality of insulating housing parts. Shielding elements extend into the interior of the vacuum switch tube and are arranged between neighboring insulating housing parts and between insulating housing parts and neighboring additional housing parts. The shielding elements have improved dielectric properties and a simultaneously material-saving structure. Accordingly, the geometrical dimensions of the shielding elements are determined in dependence on a connected voltage and possible critical field strength between neighboring shields.

Abstract: In a tank type vacuum circuit breaker in which each of movable side and fixed side connection terminals of a vacuum interrupter arranged in a main tank and the lower end of each of conductors of a pair of bushings arranged in a standing condition in the main tank are connected by a flexible conductor and a shield for surrounding connection portions is provided, the shield is configured by combining: a main body side shield which is provided on axial both sides of the vacuum interrupter and covers a connection portion of the flexible conductor and the connection terminal; and a bushing side shield which is provided on the lower end side of the conductor and covers a connection portion of the conductor and the flexible conductor.

Abstract: An electrode assembly for a circuit breaker is provided. The electrode assembly includes a conductive assembly and a heat transfer assembly. The conductive assembly includes a stem portion and a contact portion. The heat transfer assembly includes a number of elongated bodies, a first heat transfer surface, and a second heat transfer surface. The first heat transfer surface is disposed on the conductive assembly. Each heat transfer assembly body includes a second heat transfer surface. Each heat transfer assembly body is coupled to the conductive assembly with the first heat transfer surface coupled to a number of second heat transfer surfaces.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a vacuum interrupter capable of easily installing a central arc shielding plate in alignment without biasing in a radial direction. The vacuum interrupter includes a protruding guide unit protruding from a stationary electrode seal cup in a perpendicular direction to guide the installation of the central arc shielding plate such that the central arc shielding plate can be aligned in a radial direction.

Abstract: Disclosed is a switchgear including: a vacuum chamber; a fixed electrode having a fixed contact at an end thereof, the fixed contact being disposed within the vacuum chamber; a movable electrode having a movable contact at an end thereof, the movable contact being disposed within the vacuum chamber; a linkage assembly electrically connecting or disconnecting the movable electrode and the fixed electrode; an engaging coil spring; and a disengaging coil spring. The engaging coil spring and the disengaging coil spring are provided such that centers of the diametric directions thereof are substantially coaxial and at least a part of the engaging coil spring and a part of the disengaging coil spring overlap each other.

Abstract: A shielding element is disclosed for use in medium voltage switchgears with vacuum interrupters with at least two contacts, which are movable along a switching path between closed and open contact positions, wherein the shielding element is positioned around the contact position region in the vacuum interrupter, wherein at least the inner surface of the shielding is applied with an implemented surface structure to form a topographic structure which is a rough or a structured surface. To enhance the energy absorbance behavior of the shielding, the implemented topographic structure can be formed such that by given constant or approximately constant volume (Vi) of the shielding body, the surface ratio of the treated surface (S2) with implemented surface structure and volume V2, and a untreated surface (S1) without topographic structure and volume V1 is greater than 1, so that this follows the condition: V1˜V2 and S2/S1>1.

Abstract: A vacuum interrupter includes a housing having two insulating material areas disposed and constructed symmetrically with respect to a center plane. Each of the two insulating material housing areas includes a plurality of insulating material housing parts. The interrupter has a compact construction and high dielectric strength. The insulating material housing part of each insulating material housing area located farthest away from the center plane has a length that is greater than the length of the other insulating material housing parts.

Abstract: An insulating cylinder and a main circuit structure using the insulating cylinder includes a main cavity, a secondary grounded insert connected with the main cavity, an arc-distinguishing chamber connected with the main cavity, and an outlet terminal insert connected with an end of the arc-distinguishing chamber. An observation window is provided at a side of the main cavity. A main circuit structure using the insulating cylinder, which further includes a main grounded rod and a main grounded contact positioned in the main cavity, an arc-distinguishing chamber insulating pole, an isolated insulating pole, an isolated conductive block, an isolated rod and an isolated contact, and a main bus-bar bushing connected with the isolated contact. A flexible connection is provided between the main grounded contact, the arc-distinguishing chamber and the isolated conductive block.

Abstract: A vacuum interrupter has a housing with at least a first metal flange through which a first connection pin extends into the vacuum interrupter in a vacuum-tight manner to a first contact. The housing has at least one insulating-material housing region formed by a disc-like insulator. A second connection pin extends into the vacuum interrupter in a vacuum-tight manner to a second contact. The vacuum interrupter can be produced in a cost-effective manner with a compact construction. There is also described a switch pole for a switching device having a vacuum interrupter.

Abstract: A vacuum interrupter is provided. As a main shield and sub shields are installed in an overlapping manner, an equipotential distribution can be mitigated and thusly a dielectric strength can be enhanced. Also, as a curved portion is formed at each end of the shields, concentration of an electric field at an end of each shield can be prevented and accordingly an electric field value can be lowered. Consequently, the dielectric strength can be remarkably enhanced, resulting in an effective prevention of a dielectric breakdown.

Abstract: An electrical switch includes a tubular housing that includes an interface positioned intermediate the conductor receiving end and the operating end. An operating rod extends through the housing. A fixed contact is electrically coupled to the operating end. A moveable contact is electrically coupled to the interface and the operating rod, wherein the moveable contact is moveable between a first position contacting the fixed contact and a second position separated from the fixed contact. A diaphragm is positioned in the tubular housing between the interface and the operating end and includes a first tubular portion and a second tubular portion. Movement of the operating rod from the first position to the second position causes the second tubular portion to move relative to the first tubular portion, thus deforming the shoulder portion.

Abstract: A vacuum interrupter is disclosed with a fixed contact and a movable contact placed axially in a spaced apart relationship. The ceramic insulator cylinders each surround the fixed contact and the movable contact. A floating shield within the ceramic cylinders has a floating potential flange disposed between the two ceramic cylinders, and exposed to external ambient. Encapsulation for at least one contact terminal extends from a metallic end cap of the corresponding contacts to cover a respective ceramic cylinder by an overlapping distance.

Abstract: A contact is for a vacuum interrupter. The contact includes a contact member having a generally planar mating surface with a planar contact plane and a plurality of purposely introduced undulations therein. The undulations are structured to contact a plurality of purposely introduced undulations of another contact member. The undulations are in a dimension perpendicular to the planar contact plane. The planar contact plane has a diameter. The undulations have a depth substantially smaller than the diameter of the planar contact plane.

Abstract: An encapsulated vacuum interrupter with grounded end cup and drive rod is disclosed. The double break vacuum interrupter includes a first contact system including an annular stationary contact which is engaged by a primary moving contact with the moving contact drive rod extending through the primary moving contact and through the opening of the annular stationary contact. A second contact system includes a secondary moving contact placed on the end of the moving contact rod, which engages and operates a floating contact, which moves along the same axis. A mechanical adjustment system is provided for the floating contact. A coaxial moving contact drive rod system is provided. With the encapsulated vacuum interrupter, the lower portion of the vacuum envelope is insulated from the current path, which allows for the elimination of the long internal cavity in the encapsulation as the lower end cup of the vacuum envelope may be grounded.

Abstract: A closed-loop control method for an electron beam freeform fabrication (EBF3) process includes detecting a feature of interest during the process using a sensor(s), continuously evaluating the feature of interest to determine, in real time, a change occurring therein, and automatically modifying control parameters to control the EBF3 process. An apparatus provides closed-loop control method of the process, and includes an electron gun for generating an electron beam, a wire feeder for feeding a wire toward a substrate, wherein the wire is melted and progressively deposited in layers onto the substrate, a sensor(s), and a host machine. The sensor(s) measure the feature of interest during the process, and the host machine continuously evaluates the feature of interest to determine, in real time, a change occurring therein. The host machine automatically modifies control parameters to the EBF3 apparatus to control the EBF3 process in a closed-loop manner.

Abstract: A cartridge having at least three shields including a mid-potential shield between two contacts and at least one partial shield between a mid-potential shield and one of the contacts, the distance between the mid-potential shield and the contacts being such that the electric field present at the edge of the contact extends from the contact to the partial shield surrounding it, or vice-versa from the partial shield to the contact, depending on the polarity of the voltage.

Abstract: A vacuum switch has a fixed electrode, a movable electrode facing the fixed electrode, an insulating cylinder, end plates covering both axial ends of the insulating cylinder, a vacuum chamber internally accommodating the fixed electrode and the movable electrode, and a solid isolation resin molded on the outside of the vacuum chamber, first coil springs, each of which is disposed around the outer circumference of one end plate while touching the end plate and an end face of the insulating cylinder, and second coil springs, each of which is united to one of the first springs and disposed around the outer circumference of the insulating cylinder so as to cover the angular part of the end face of the insulating cylinder, and the end plates, the end faces of the insulating cylinder, and the first and second coil springs are electrically connected.

Abstract: A vacuum insulating switch gear formed by integrally molding with epoxy resin of a vacuum double-break three-position type switch including a movable contact, a fixed contact, and a vacuum container composed of an insulating cylinder for covering the movable contact and the fixed contact, a lower lid for closing a lower part of the insulating cylinder, and an upper lid for closing an upper part of the insulating cylinder and an operation rod side of the movable contact, and an earthing switch with a vacuum closed container, comprising a first silicone rubber layer coated on an upper edge corner portion of each insulating cylinder composing the vacuum containers of the switch and the earthing switch, a self fusing insulating tape layer wound around an outer surface of the first silicone rubber layer, a second silicone rubber layer coated on the self fusing insulating tape layer and an outer periphery of the each insulating cylinder, a ring easing shield installed at a position corresponding to a lower end c

Abstract: A vacuum envelope is for a fixed contact mounted on a fixed electrode and a moveable contact mounted on a moveable electrode. The vacuum envelope includes a ceramic tube including a first open end and a second open end. A first end member is secured to the first open end. A second end member includes an inside surface and is secured to the second open end. A self-aligning end shield includes a first end having an opening therein, a second open end, an intermediate portion disposed between the first end and the end shield second open end, and a flange portion disposed from the end shield second open end. The flange portion extends outwardly from the intermediate portion and generally back toward the first end. The flange portion includes an edge engaging the inside surface of the second end member, and is normally offset from the ceramic tube.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a vacuum interrupter chamber having an insulating ceramic wall, within which contact pieces which move in a vacuum are arranged and are surrounded by a screen between the contact piece and the interrupter chamber wall. In order in this case to improve on the one hand the erosion resistance of the screen and on the other hand the dielectric strength of the arrangement, the disclosure proposes that coatings composed of high-melting-point material or composed of refractory metals be fitted at least partially in the area of the screen or other components within the vacuum interrupter chamber.

Abstract: A switchgear including a vacuum valve which prevents partial discharges infallibly and whose reliability is high, and a method of fabricating the same are obtained. In a vacuum valve 1 wherein a stationary electrode 1a and a movable electrode 1b are disposed within a vacuum vessel 2 which is constituted by a metal flange 2a as well as a metal tube 2e and an insulating tube 2b, and wherein a resin mold 3 is applied onto the outer peripheral surface of the vacuum vessel 2; coiled metal-made shields 4a and 4b, in each of which a coiled metal wire is brought into an annular shape, are retained on the outer peripheral surface of the vacuum vessel 2 so as to relax the electric fields of the electric field relaxation-requiring parts 21d of the vacuum vessel 2.

Abstract: A method for fixing an element to a part of an electrical apparatus may include interposing an extender between the element and the part, where the extender is able to exert forces on the element and the part to position the element with respect to the part and/or to secure the element in position with respect to the part, by friction between one side of the extender and the element and between another side of the extender and the part, and to ensure positioning and/or securing of the element with respect to the part prior to final fixing, and to perform final fixing by performing two welding operations respectively between the element and the extender and between the extender and the part.

Abstract: Exemplary vacuum fault interrupters are described.

Abstract: A vacuum envelope is for a fixed contact mounted on a fixed electrode and a moveable contact mounted on a moveable electrode. The vacuum envelope includes a ceramic tube including a first open end and a second open end. A first end member is secured to the first open end. A second end member includes an inside surface and is secured to the second open end. A self-aligning end shield includes a first end having an opening therein, a second open end, an intermediate portion disposed between the first end and the end shield second open end, and a flange portion disposed from the end shield second open end. The flange portion extends outwardly from the intermediate portion and generally back toward the first end. The flange portion includes an edge engaging the inside surface of the second end member, and is normally offset from the ceramic tube.