Abstract: The present disclosure relates to force reading device. The products are multi-sensor, meaning they operate using two or more independent sensors, and communicate weight distribution and force data to the user in real time. The weight-lifter/user is notified by a visual aid via mobile app display and/or LCD screen and verbal feedback. Through real-time data feedback, the user is able to correct their form/balance as needed, in efforts to center their body weight and/or more evenly distribute their limbs. This in turn allows for the collection of data on how one may perform exercises and job tasks, and also offers a real-time solution for preventing injury and increasing exercise/job task functionality.

Abstract: A coupling system is utilized to form a multi-part rocket engine thrust compartment that maintains inner channels within walls of the thrust compartment for regenerative cooling. The coupling system includes an insert joint arranged between joint faces of a first segment and a second segment. The first segment and the second segment include inner edges that, when jointed together, form an inner wall. The joint insert is installed between the first segment and the second segment after the inner wall is formed and coupled to the first segment and the second segment. The joint faces of the first segment and the second segment include extending feature to form a flow passage along with cavities at least partially defined by the joint insert.

Abstract: A process for layer manufacturing comprising: (a) feeding raw material in a solid state to a first predetermined location; (b) depositing the raw material onto a substrate as a molten pool deposit under a first processing condition; (c) monitoring the molten pool deposit for a preselected condition using a detector substantially contemporaneously with the depositing step; (d) comparing information about the preselected condition of the monitored molten pool deposit with a predetermined desired value for the preselected condition of the monitored molten pool deposit; (e) solidifying the molten pool deposit; (f) automatically altering the first processing condition to a different processing condition based upon information obtained from the comparing step (d); (g) protecting the detector with a vapor protection device; and (h) repeating steps (a) through (g) at one or more second locations.

Abstract: A joint inspection system and methods of inspecting a joint in a structure are presented. In a method, an ion beam is sent, by an ion beam source, into a first surface of the structure to form an acoustic pulse source in the structure at a depth corresponding to a Bragg peak of the ion beam, wherein acoustic pulse source is adjacent to the joint. A travel time and a magnitude of an acoustic pulse generated by the acoustic pulse source is sensed, by an acoustic sensor positioned at a second surface of the structure, to thereby form a response, wherein the joint is between the acoustic pulse source and the second surface.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus for forming a three-dimensional article through successively depositing individual layers of powder material that are fused together so as to form the article, the apparatus comprising an electron beam source emanating an electron beam for fusing the powder material in a build tank, a hollow construction having an upper opening and a lower opening, means for moving the hollow construction between a first position and a second position, a synchronising unit for synchronising the movement of a powder distributor for applying the individual layers of powder material on the work table with the movement of the hollow construction so that the hollow metal construction is at the first position when fusing and/or heating the powder layer and at the second position when the powder distributor is distributing the powder material for forming the individual powder layers.

Abstract: A casing is provided, for example, an exhaust casing for a turbomachine. The casing generally includes an inner hub having an axis of rotation and an outer annular ferrule extending around the hub, the ferrule configured to define, with the hub, an annular flow path for a gas stream. In some examples, the ferrule is rigidly connected to the hub by arms. The hub generally includes, at one longitudinal end, a scalloped annular flange comprising solid portions distributed at regular intervals about said axis and spaced apart from each other by hollow portions. The hub is produced by assembling several angular hub sectors arranged circumferentially end to end around the axis, each hub sector connected to an adjacent hub sector by a longitudinal weld bead that extends over substantially the entire axial extent of the hub and that is substantially aligned axially with a hollow portion of said flange.

Abstract: Described herein is a tour iron having a golf club head with a faceplate, a body, and an insert. A sole, top rail, rear, and the faceplate enclose a cavity within the body. The cavity can house the insert. The insert can comprise a low-density material, allowing weight to be concentrated around the peripheral edge of the golf club head. The rear of the golf club head has an inflection seam running from the heel to the toe. The golf club head has an upper portion, above the inflection seam and a lower portion below the inflection seam. The lower portion can have a depth greater that the upper portion depth. The faceplate, body, and insert can be formed of different materials having different densities. The golf club head has a comparatively high moment of inertia and a low center of gravity. Other embodiments and methods are described herein.

Abstract: A sensing block having a block body and a first connecting member of conductive material. The block body includes a terminal seat section and a cell lead coupling section provided on one or both sides of the terminal seat section. The first connecting member is positioned to correspond to the terminal seat section.

Abstract: An aluminum alloy precursor composition and method for fusion processing is provided which reduces hot cracking, improves compositional control, reduces porosity, and/or enhances the mechanical properties of the fusion processed article. The precursor material and fusion process using the same may be utilized for forming an article that meets compositional specifications for aluminum 6061 alloy, while minimizing defects and meeting desired strength and ductility requirements. The fusion process may include a leading energy beam for liquefying the precursor material to form a melt pool, and a trailing energy beam directed toward a trailing region of the melt pool. The trailing energy beam may be configured to enhance agitation and/or redistribution of liquid in the melt pool to prevent hot cracking, reduce porosity, or improve other characteristics of the solidified part. The method also may improve processing parameters, such as adjusting vacuum level to prevent volatilization of alloying elements.

Abstract: A laser welding control method according to the present disclosure includes: a first step of causing a first steel plate having a protrusion and a second steel plate to overlap so that a tip of the protrusion provided on the first steel plate makes contact with the second steel plate; and a second step of irradiating the protrusion with laser light in an irradiation pattern having a size larger than a size of the protrusion in plan view after the first step. At least one of a surface of the first steel plate that faces the second steel plate and a surface of the second steel plate that faces the first steel plate is plated.

Abstract: The laser welding method according to the present disclosure has a first step for forming a weld bead by irradiating an object to be welded with a laser beam along a first helical trajectory around a first center of rotation moving in a welding direction, and a second step for irradiating the object to be welded with a laser beam along a second helical trajectory around a second center of rotation moving in the welding direction. A diameter of rotation of the laser beam in the first step is larger than a diameter of rotation of the laser beam in the second step.

Abstract: An X-ray standard reference object for calibrating a scanning electron beam in an additive manufacturing apparatus by measuring X-ray signals generated by scanning the electron beam onto the reference object, the reference object comprises: a lower and an upper plate being essentially in parallel and attached spaced apart from each other, the upper plate comprises a plurality of holes, wherein a predetermined hollow pattern is provided inside the holes.

Abstract: Provided is a method of manufacturing an outer joint member of a constant velocity universal joint, which is constructed by forming a cup section having track grooves, and a shaft section, and by welding a cup member and a shaft member, the method including: forming the cup member and the shaft member of medium carbon steel; preparing a cup member having a cylindrical portion and a bottom portion integrally formed by forging, and a joining end surface in a machining step; preparing a shaft member having a joining end surface formed in a machining step; bringing the joining end surface of the cup member and the joining end surface of the shaft member into abutment against each other; welding the cup member and the shaft member by radiating a beam; and performing, after the welding, an ultrasonic flaw detection-inspection step.

Abstract: A method of sealing one or more openings provided in a wall of an aerofoil for a gas turbine engine, the aerofoil comprising at least one cavity which is at least partly filled with a vibration damping material, the method comprising steps to provide a metallic material onto the wall of the aerofoil in order to cover the opening and bond the metallic material to the wall of the aerofoil to seal the opening.

Abstract: This disclosure describes various methods and apparatus for characterizing an additive manufacturing process. A method for characterizing the additive manufacturing process can include generating scans of an energy source across a build plane; measuring an amount of energy radiated from the build plane during each of the scans using an optical sensor; determining an area of the build plane traversed during the scans; determining a thermal energy density for the area of the build plane traversed by the scans based upon the amount of energy radiated and the area of the build plane traversed by the scans; mapping the thermal energy density to one or more location of the build plane; determining that the thermal energy density is characterized by a density outside a range of density values; and thereafter, adjusting subsequent scans of the energy source across or proximate the one or more locations of the build plane.

Abstract: A method for generating, in layers, an application structure made of high heat resistant super alloys on a substrate is provided. A powdery construction material is melted by an energy beam at a working point, wherein the working point is guided across the substrate along a primary movement direction and thus swings transversely to the primary movement direction. The working point thereby swings from a first edge of a respective layer of the application structure to a second edge of the layer. In this way, a time interval passes between departure from a respective edge and a return to the respective edge directly following the departure, such that a melt bath on the respective edge solidifies into a paste-like zone during the time interval.

Abstract: A die attachment apparatus for attaching a semiconductor die onto a substrate having a metallic surface comprises a material dispensing station for dispensing a bonding material onto the substrate and a die attachment station for placing the semiconductor die onto the bonding material which has been dispensed onto the substrate. An activating gas generator positioned before the die attachment station introduces activated forming gas onto the substrate in order to reduce oxides on the substrate.

Abstract: Provided is a rapid manufacturing process of ferrous and non-ferrous parts using a plasma electron beam in which the plasma electron beam is workable even in a low vacuum pressure environment and has a relatively large radiation range, productivity of the process is improved as a high-power beam can be emitted to a ferrous and non-ferrous powder, and production costs are reduced due to low maintenance and manufacturing costs.

Abstract: A cup member has a cylindrical portion, a bottom portion, and a short shaft portion having a solid shaft shape and including a joining end surface at an end portion thereof. A shaft member has a solid shaft shape and includes a joining end surface at one end thereof. The joining end surfaces of the cup and shaft members are brought into abutment against each other and welded from a radially outer side to form a welded portion. At this time, center segregation is prevented from interfering with the welded portion. The cup member is formed by forging including upsetting a billet having a columnar shape successively in a plurality of stages, extruding the cylindrical portion and the short shaft portion, and ironing the cylindrical portion. In the course of the upsetting, a region of the billet corresponding to a bottom side of the cup member is narrowed.

Abstract: Provided is a method of manufacturing an outer joint member of a constant velocity universal joint, which is constructed by forming a cup section having track grooves, and a shaft section, and by welding a cup member and a shaft member, the method including: forming the cup member and the shaft member of medium carbon steel; preparing a cup member having a cylindrical portion and a bottom portion integrally formed by forging, and a joining end surface in a machining step; preparing a shaft member having a joining end surface formed in a machining step; bringing the joining end surface of the cup member and the joining end surface of the shaft member into abutment against each other; welding the cup member and the shaft member by radiating a beam; and performing, after the welding, an ultrasonic flaw detection-inspection step.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an outer joint member of a constant velocity universal joint includes forming cup and shaft members using medium carbon steel, preparing, as the cup member, a cup member having cylindrical and bottom portions integrally formed, and a joining end surface formed on an outer surface of the bottom portion, preparing, as the shaft member, a shaft member having a joining end surface to be joined to the bottom portion of the cup member, and bringing the joining end surfaces of the cup and shaft members into abutment against each other. The method also includes welding the cup and shaft members from an outer side of the cup member to an abutment portion between the cup and shaft members in a radial direction of the cup member under a state in which a hollow cavity portion is formed inside the abutment portion.

Abstract: Irradiation with a laser beam is started at a welding start position of two members that are stacked together, and the output of the laser beam is set so that spatter is not generated. After the start of the irradiation, the output of the laser beam is gradually increased so that a penetration depth from an irradiated edge to a deeper location between abutting surfaces of the two members falls within a predetermined penetration depth range while the laser beam is not moved. After the output of the laser beam is gradually increased, the laser beam is moved toward a welding end position so that the penetration depth is maintained within the penetration depth range.

Abstract: A method for producing a piston may include aligning at least two piston components along corresponding joining surfaces, activating a laser designed for deep-welding, and aligning a laser beam with a starting point. The method may then include increasing a power density of the laser beam over a first defined path along the joining surfaces to produce a weld seam with an increasing weld seam depth, deep welding along the joining surfaces to produce a deep weld seam with a substantially constant weld seam depth up to a defined end point, and reducing the power density over a second defined path to produce a weld seam with a decreasing weld seam depth. The method may further include overwelding at least part of at least one of the first and second defined paths by a laser designed for heat conduction welding to produce at least one heat conduction weld seam.

Abstract: Provided is a method of manufacturing an outer joint member of a constant velocity universal joint, which is constructed by welding a cup member and a shaft member, the method including: forming the cup member and the shaft member of medium carbon steel; preparing; preparing; bringing the joining end surface of the cup member and the joining end surface of the shaft member into abutment against each other; welding the cup member and the shaft member; and performing, after the welding, ultrasonic flaw detection-inspection from any one of a surface side of the cup member and a surface side of the shaft member, which has the another one of the joining end surface of the cup member and the joining end surface of the shaft member.

Abstract: A system for and a method of controlling a filler wire and/or an heat source is provided. The system includes a high intensity energy source configured to heat at least one workpiece to create a molten puddle on a surface of the at least one workpiece. A filler wire feeder is configured to feed a filler wire into said molten puddle, and a travel direction controller is configured to advance the high intensity energy source and the filler wire in a travel direction to deposit the filler wire on the at least one workpiece. The system also includes a controller configured to move the filler wire and/or the energy source in at least a first direction during the feeding and advancing of the filler wire. At least the first direction is controlled to obtain a desired shape, profile, height, size, or admixture of a bead formed by the molten puddle.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the present invention relate to a method for welding a workpiece comprising the steps of: making a first weld at a first position on said workpiece with a high energy beam, deflecting the high energy beam with at least one deflection lens for making a second weld at a second position on said workpiece, focusing the high energy beam on said workpiece with at least one focusing lens, shaping the high energy beam on said workpiece with at least one astigmatism lens so that the shape of the high energy beam on said workpiece is longer in a direction parallel to a deflection direction of said high energy beam than in a direction perpendicular to said deflection direction of said high energy beam. The invention is also related to the use of an astigmatism lens and to a method for forming a three dimensional article.

Abstract: A resin-junction body includes a first resin member, a second resin member including a concave portion and laminated on the first resin member so as to contact the first resin member at a contact surface. The concave portion comprises a bottom face on a first resin member side. The resin-junction body further includes a joining layer that joins the first resin member and the second resin member and that extends from the bottom face towards the first resin member.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the present invention relate to a method for welding a workpiece comprising the steps of: making a first weld at a first position on said workpiece with a high energy beam, deflecting the high energy beam with at least one deflection lens for making a second weld at a second position on said workpiece, focusing the high energy beam on said workpiece with at least one focusing lens, shaping the high energy beam on said workpiece with at least one astigmatism lens so that the shape of the high energy beam on said workpiece is longer in a direction parallel to a deflection direction of said high energy beam than in a direction perpendicular to said deflection direction of said high energy beam. The invention is also related to the use of an astigmatism lens and to a method for forming a three dimensional article.

Abstract: A component for a turbocharger can include a shaft made of a first material where the shaft includes a turbine wheel end and a shaft axis; a turbine wheel made of a second material where the turbine wheel includes a shaft end and a turbine wheel axis; a weld joint formed by solidification of at least a portion of a weld pool that includes the first material and the second material, where the weld joint joins the turbine wheel end of the shaft and the shaft end of the turbine wheel and where the weld joint includes an inner radial border and an outer radial border; a reservoir disposed radially inwardly of the inner radial border of the weld joint; and a solidified portion of the weld pool disposed in the reservoir. Various other examples of devices, assemblies, systems, methods, etc., are also disclosed.

Abstract: Method for manufacturing sheet metal blanks, in particular hybrid sheet metal blanks, a first sheet metal part being manufactured from a first sheet metal part material, a second sheet metal part being manufactured from a second sheet metal part material, an elongate connecting sheet metal strip being provided, and the connecting sheet metal strip being connected along a first longitudinal edge to the first sheet metal part by a thermal joint, and the connecting sheet metal strip being connected along a second longitudinal edge to the second sheet metal part by means of a preferably thermal joint, characterized in that, in a first process step, the connecting sheet metal strip is connected to the first sheet metal part and, in a second process step, the connecting sheet metal strip is connected to the second sheet metal part, the first and the second process steps taking place within a production line.

Abstract: A method for producing a rotor, particularly a turbine disk or a turbine ring for a turbine stage of a turbomachine, wherein at least the following steps are carried out: producing a blade ring (14) including a plurality of rotor blades (12), welding adapters (22) together which are disposed in the region of blade footings of the rotor blades (12), wherein at least substantially radial weld seams (30a) having predetermined welding depths are generated, disposing a rotor disk (32) or a rotor ring on the blade ring (14), and welding the rotor disk (32) or the rotor ring to the adapters (22) of the rotor blades (12), wherein at least one further weld seam (30b) is generated. A rotor, particularly a turbine disk or a turbine ring for a turbine stage of a turbomachine is also disclosed.

Abstract: A welded assembly includes a first sheet and a second sheet. The second sheet is disposed over a portion of the first sheet and defines an overlap portion between the first and second sheets. A weld fastening the second sheet to the first sheet in the overlap area connects the second sheet to the first sheet for distributing stress uniformly across a welded portion of the overlap area.

Abstract: A sprocket assembly, formed of dissimilar materials, includes at least one tooth member made of ferrous material and a circular disk made of a light metal such as aluminum or an aluminum alloy. The circular disk supports the tooth member on an outer peripheral surface thereof. The tooth member is dissimilar-metal welded to the circular disk, either by laser welding or by electronic beam welding. Optionally, multiple individual tooth members may be fitted into notches formed in an outer periphery of the circular disk, and welded therein. A method of making a sprocket assembly is also described.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the present invention relate to a method for welding a workpiece comprising the steps of: making a first weld at a first position on said workpiece with a high energy beam, deflecting the high energy beam with at least one deflection lens for making a second weld at a second position on said workpiece, focusing the high energy beam on said workpiece with at least one focusing lens, shaping the high energy beam on said workpiece with at least one astigmatism lens so that the shape of the high energy beam on said workpiece is longer in a direction parallel to a deflection direction of said high energy beam than in a direction perpendicular to said deflection direction of said high energy beam. The invention is also related to the use of an astigmatism lens and to a method for forming a three dimensional article.

Abstract: A method for verifying a size of an energy beam spot, said method comprising the steps of providing a first beam spot having a predetermined size and power at a first position on a work piece, varying a focus and/or astigmatism lens setting for said first beam spot until max intensity for the beam spot is detected, comparing the detected settings of said focus lens and/or astigmatism lens for said maximum intensity of the beam spot with stored settings of said focus lens and/or astigmatism lens for the beam spot with said predetermined size and power, repeating step a-c for different predetermined beam powers, repeating step a-d for different positions on said work piece, wherein said beam spot size is verified if each detected settings of said focus lens and/or astigmatism lens are deviating less than a predetermined value from corresponding stored settings of said focus lens and/or astigmatism lens.

Abstract: Method for examining bone in vivo, comprises obtaining a laser beam; modulating the laser beam to insert therein photoacoustic frequencies including optical frequencies and acoustic frequencies, the acoustic frequencies being able to give rise to acoustic waves; directing the modulated beam at a bone to cause acoustic waves resulting from the beam to travel through the bone; analyzing received signals from the bone including signals resulting from the acoustic waves, to determine a mineral density and a bone quality for said bone, and thus obtain in-vivo data that can be of assistance to a doctor when diagnosing osteoporosis.

Abstract: A weldment member for a gas turbine engine including a forward welding member and an aft welding member. The forward welding member has an annular shape with a forward welding face formed at one end. The forward welding face has a forward radiographic marking hole formed therein. The aft welding member has an annular shape with an aft welding face formed at one end. The aft welding face has an aft radiographic marking hole formed therein. The forward welding face is aligned with the aft welding face and the forward radiographic marking hole is angularly offset from the aft radiographic marking hole.

Abstract: Provided is a method for obtaining a cooking vessel comprising the following steps: producing a container having an aluminum outer face and an inner face, carrying out hard anodization of at least the outer face of the container. At least one coloring step is carried out on the anodized outer face following hard anodization, said coloring step employing at least one water-soluble anthraquinone organic dye. Also provided is a culinary article or an electric cooking appliance comprising a cooking vessel obtained by the above method.

Abstract: The invention provides a hot stamped structural component (20) for an automotive vehicle, such as a B-pillar, including a first part (22) formed of a high strength steel material joined to a second part (24) formed of a high ductility steel material. The structural component (20) also includes a locally tempered transition zone (26) along the joint (28) to reduce the potential for failure along the joint (28). The transition zone (26) has strength and ductility levels between the strength and ductility levels of the remaining portions of the first and second parts (22, 24). The tempering step can be incorporated into a laser trimming cell or assembly cell, and thus the transition zone (26) can be created without adding an additional process step or increasing cycle time.

Abstract: A system for and a method of controlling filler wire is provided. The system includes a high intensity energy source configured to heat at least one workpiece to create a molten puddle on a surface of the at least one workpiece. A filler wire feeder is configured to feed a filler wire into said molten puddle, and a travel direction controller is configured to advance the high intensity energy source and the filler wire in a travel direction to deposit the filler wire on the at least one workpiece. The system also includes a filler wire controller configured to move the filler wire in at least a first direction during the feeding and advancing of the filler wire. At least the first direction is controlled to obtain a desired shape, profile, height, size, or an admixture of a bead formed by the molten puddle.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for laser remote processing of a component on a fillet, wherein a laser beam is directed by means of a scanner device onto the component and guided over said component. The working range of the laser beam on the workpiece is illuminated with illuminating radiation and is captured by at least one image capturing unit. The illuminating radiation is directed onto the component at an angle of attack which is set depending the fillet geometry of the component. The captured image data are evaluated automatically and, with the aid of the evaluation, if appropriate, an automatic correction of the path of the laser beam is carried out.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to display devices and electronic devices incorporating a data line distribution segment between neighboring pixel electrodes. Specifically, embodiments of the present disclosure employ a uniformly distributed data line distribution segment coupled to a data line so as to cause a substantially uniform data line-to-pixel electrode capacitance with the neighboring pixel electrodes even when the data line is disposed closer to one of the neighboring pixel electrodes than the other.

Abstract: A vehicle seat and seat back adjustment mechanism are disclosed that provide for adjusting the angle of inclination of a seat back relative to a seat base and also permit easy entry to the area behind the seat by allowing the seat back to be released to move between an adjusted angle of inclination and a position in which the seat back is folded over the seat base. The adjustment mechanism includes at least one comfort tilt recliner mechanism and one easy entry recliner mechanism that are joined via a first interface and a second interface face each, respectively, located on the outer surfaces of the facing plates of the two mechanisms by a radial laser welding process, such that the mechanisms may be coaxially attached to the vehicle seat to permit the seat back to pivot about a single axis.

Abstract: A machine and method for additive manufacturing is offered which can eliminate static electricity of a powdered material without using an inert gas to thereby prevent scattering of the material. The additive manufacturing machine (1) has a support stage (4), a first electron gun (8), and a second electron gun (9). The first electron gun (8) melts a given region of the powdered material (M1). The second electron gun (9) illuminates the surface of a given region formed by the powdered material spread tightly on the stage (4) with an electron beam (L2) that is tilted relative to the surface to eliminate static electricity of the powdered material (M1).

Abstract: A photoacoustic wave measurement device according to the present invention includes: an optical fiber that outputs pulsed light; an external spacer that is disposed between a pulsed-light output end of the optical fiber and a measurement object, and which is adapted to allow the pulsed light to pass therethrough; a piezoelectric element that receives a photoacoustic wave generated by the pulsed light from the measurement object and converts the photoacoustic wave into an electric signal; and a spacer that is disposed between the external spacer and the piezoelectric element, and which is adapted to allow the photoacoustic wave to pass therethrough. The piezoelectric element is farther from the measurement object than the pulsed-light output end. A part of the optical fiber is disposed within the spacer.

Abstract: A method for verifying a size of an energy beam spot, said method comprising the steps of providing a first beam spot having a predetermined size and power at a first position on a work piece, varying a focus and/or astigmatism lens setting for said first beam spot until max intensity for the beam spot is detected, comparing the detected settings of said focus lens and/or astigmatism lens for said maximum intensity of the beam spot with stored settings of said focus lens and/or astigmatism lens for the beam spot with said predetermined size and power, repeating step a-c for different predetermined beam powers, repeating step a-d for different positions on said work piece, wherein said beam spot size is verified if each detected settings of said focus lens and/or astigmatism lens are deviating less than a predetermined value from corresponding stored settings of said focus lens and/or astigmatism lens.

Abstract: A bonded structure of aluminum and copper is formed by bonding a copper workpiece and an aluminum workpiece together along a joint via an arc welding process. The copper workpiece has a first coating, having a lower melting point than copper, applied to at least a portion of it. The first coating allows the copper workpiece to be wetted and brazed, while the aluminum workpiece is melted and fused along the joint. The arc welding process involves the cyclic alternating of a first stage, in which an electric current is supplied to a welding wire as it is moved toward the workpieces, and a second stage, in which the electric current is reduced and the welding wire is moved away from the workpieces, to generate and detach a plurality of molten droplets along the joint. Each molten droplet is formed from the welding wire in the first stage.

Abstract: A blade-disk unit for a turbine engine includes a disk and a plurality of blades which are integrally connected to the disk, a welding seam being disposed in the joining region between the blade and the disk, which welding seam is situated entirely either in the blade or in the disk.

Abstract: A surface of a workpiece (12) to be laser machined is protected by a surfactant film (11) form debris (15) produced during machining with a laser beam (14) by reducing adherence to the surface of debris produced by the laser machining. The surfactant film is preferably subsequently removed together with debris (151) deposited thereon.

Abstract: A driveshaft for an aircraft ram air turbine includes a substantially cylindrical elongate portion, a first end extending from the elongate portion, and a second end extending from the elongate portion opposite the first end. The first and second ends each include a substantially frusto-conical section having a curved generatrix, such that distal portions of each of the first and second ends have smaller outer diameters than an outer diameter of the elongate portion. The elongate portion provides relatively high lateral stiffness and the first and second ends provide relatively low torsional stiffness, such that the driveshaft has a lateral natural frequency higher than an operating range of the driveshaft and has a torsional natural frequency below the operating range of the driveshaft.