Abstract: An electrical caulking method for a work made from a magnesium or a magnesium alloy wherein a caulking pin integrally projects from a body, wherein an electric caulking apparatus having two opposing electrodes is used. The work is held between the opposing electrodes so that one electrode contacts the caulking pin and the other electrode contacts the body while an electric current is applied between the electrodes and pressure is exerted therebetween, thereby caulking the caulking pin into a desired shape, and providing at least the one electrode that is brought into contact with the caulking pin of the work of a material having low thermal diffusivity and which is difficult to alloy with magnesium.

Abstract: A metallic product is formed by an electric upsetter having anvil and clamp electrodes. The anvil electrode is made of a material having a relatively small thermal conductivity. A rod-shaped blank of a metallic material is placed between the anvil and clamp electrodes. Then, an electric current is passed through the rod-shaped blank to heat the same. The rod-shaped blank is pushed toward the anvil electrode under a constant force to thicken an end of the rod-shaped blank which is held against the anvil electrode. The electric current passed through the rod-shaped blank is controlled such that the rod-shaped blank is pushed at a predetermined speed depending on a displacement by which the rod-shaped blank is pushed toward the anvil electrode, thereby producing a preliminary product with the thickened end. The preliminary product is subsequently formed into an engine valve by closed-die forging.

Abstract: Apparatus for heating a tube/sleeve end fitting for brazing comprises an opposed pair of electrodes having arcuate electrode surfaces contoured for external peripheral engagement with a tube/sleeve end fitting, with one part of the electrode surface in engagement with the fitting sleeve and the other part of electrode surface in engagement with the tube closely adjacent to but spaced from the sleeve. A power transformer has a primary winding connected for selective application of current thereto, and a secondary winding consisting of the electrodes for selective application of heating current to an end fitting clamped between the electrodes for electrical resistance heating thereof. Timers control application of heating current to the end fitting for one or more operator-selectable predetermined timed durations.

Abstract: A method for attaching a bicycle fork fitting to a fork leg is disclosed, using a particular fork fitting means. A steel pipe is formed with a fork leg including its one closed distal end with a joint. The fitting means is provided with projections at the portions near to both ends of the side thereof to be welded. Electric currents are passed through the closed portion of the fork leg and the projections of the fitting which are brought in contact with each other under pressure. Upon reaching a temperature suitable for welding, the thus integrated arrangement is upset under greater pressure, so that the fitting is welded to the fork leg.

Abstract: Electrodes are incorporated in a progressive die to weld precious metal to spring contact body being formed by the die. One electrode is carried by the die bolster and the other electrode is carried by a pivotally mounted narrow arm projecting into the die. The arm is moved into welding position when engaged by a narrow, leaf spring carried by the punch pad bolster and also projecting into the die.

Abstract: Improved extrusion-fusion-type intercell connectors and process involving: casting the plate strap lugs to be welded from a hypoeutectic lead-antimony alloy containing at least about 2 percent by weight antimony; initially extruding the lugs into contact through an aperture in a battery intercell partition, the contact area being between 15 and 75 percent of the area of the aperture; and gradually heating the lug extrusions through a softening stage, an antimony-rich-phase melting stage, and an antimony-lean-phase melting stage. Force applied by rapid-response, declining-force welding electrodes causes (1) the softened extrusions to reshape somewhat prior to melting, and (2) the antimony-rich-phase of the alloy to exude out of the welding zone filling voids in the aperture before any substantial melting of the antimony-lean-phase occurs.