Abstract: A system (100) for sheet metalworking comprising a punch (1) connectable to a press (P), wherein the punch (1) is configured with a first electrical terminal (2). A die (3) configured with a die surface (DS), to support sheet metal (SM). A support member (4) movably disposed in the die (1), the support member (4) is provided with a second electrical terminal (5). The support member (4) and the punch (1) contacts a working portion (B) of the sheet metal (SM) at an axis (A-A) to supply electric current to a localized region (LR) of the working portion (B) for sheet metalworking.

Abstract: A method of preparing a glass medical container is provided including the steps of providing a glass blank and forming a channel through a part of the glass blank, the channel being substantially free of tungsten or derivatives thereof. In a further aspect of the subject invention, a glass medical container is provided including a glass body having a channel extending through a part of the glass body, the channel being substantially free of tungsten or derivatives thereof. With the subject invention, tungsten or derivatives thereof can be generally or altogether completely avoided in glass medical containers.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a rolling bearing ring includes preparing a coil material and a press machine for obtaining a rolling bearing ring from the coil material, setting the coil material on the press machine, and obtaining the rolling bearing ring by heating the coil material on the press machine to a temperature not lower than an A1 transformation point, thereafter punching a part of the coil material into a ring form, and thereafter quenching a formed object on the press machine.

Abstract: The object of the invention is a device intended for powder materials consolidation, provided with an operating chamber, press connected to high-current discharge electrodes top and bottom, with arranged therebetween the sintered powder subjected to the pressure exerted by the press. To the top and bottom electrode there is connected a capacitive circuit with a power supply unit, closed by a high-current switch being a transistor switch. The object of the invention is also a method of powder materials consolidation in the device according to the invention, wherein the powder material is subjected to simultaneous operation of pressure in the range of 1-200 MPa and consolidation by electric current pulses with intensity of 1-80 kA, repeated with frequency from the range of 0.1 Hz to 100 Hz, generated by opening and closing the transistor switch.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus for forming steel workpieces using electroplasticity. The apparatus includes a power supply (40) for supplying electricity to the workpiece (W) through electrodes (30) disposed in a mold (20) of a press (10) during a deformation stroke of the press (10), a control unit (50) for controlling the power supply (40) and a plurality of sensors (60, 70, 80 and 90).

Abstract: A forging die heating or preheating apparatus comprises a burner head comprising a plurality of flame ports. The burner head is oriented to compliment an orientation of at least a region of a forging surface of a forging die and is configured to receive and combust a supply of an oxidizing gas and a supply of a fuel and produce flames at the flame ports. The plurality of flame ports are configured to impinge the flames onto the forging surface of the forging die to substantially uniformly heat at least the region of the forging surface of the forging die.

Abstract: A spinning thickening forming method is a method of, while rotating a plate including a center portion fixed to a fixing jig, increasing a thickness of a peripheral portion of the plate. Specifically, while locally heating the peripheral portion of the plate such that at least a portion of the plate which is adjacent to the fixing jig maintains stiffness, a forming roller is pressed against the peripheral portion of the plate to compress the peripheral portion in at least a direction perpendicular to a thickness direction of the peripheral portion.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for processing a workpiece, said device including the following features: a punch on one side of the workpiece, a die on the opposite side of the workpiece, and a conductive electric heating system for generating an electric current that flows through the workpiece starting from a component situated on one side of the workpiece outside of the punch to a component situated on the opposite side of the workpiece outside of the die.

Abstract: A sintering apparatus comprising a container for holding small particles that contact one another, an electric current generator generating an alternating electric current and a flux concentrator having a collector positioned to be exposed to an alternating magnetic field generated by the alternating electric current and a tip that focuses the alternating magnetic field so that the particles are exposed to the alternating magnetic field, the alternating magnetic field heating surfaces of the particles so that they join and are fused together.

Abstract: This disclosure provides methods of flash sintering and compositions created by these methods. Methods for sintering multilayered bodies are provided in which a sintered body is produced in less than one minute. In one aspect, each layer is of a different composition, and may be constituted wholly from a ceramic or from a combination of ceramic and metallic particles. When the body includes a layer of an anode composition, a layer of an electrolyte composition and a layer of a cathode composition, the sintered body can be used to produce a solid oxide fuel cell.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a blank which uses direct electric heating includes: pressing electrodes on both sides of the blank and heating the blank by applying current to the blank; hot-forming the heated blank; trimming the formed blank; and loading the trimmed blank. An apparatus for manufacturing the blank includes a pair of first electrode units on both surfaces of a side of the blank to press the surfaces, a pair of second electrode units on both surfaces of the other side of the blank, a pressing unit pressing the first electrode units or the second electrode units on the blank, a cooler cooling portions around the first electrode units or the second electrode units, and a power supply control unit heating the blank up to a predetermined temperature.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for joining a composite sheet to a metallic substrate, wherein the composite sheet has at least one metallic top layer and at least one non-metallic layer which consists of a plastic material, wherein an opening is introduced into the composite sheet, and wherein at least one joining element is provided which is inserted into the opening of the composite sheet. A method for joining a composite sheet to a metallic substrate with process reliability and of specifying a corresponding structure is achieved by forming the joining element as a metallic sleeve, wherein the metallic sleeve is deformed, so that it joins together with the composite sheet in a form-fit and force-fit manner, and wherein the metallic sleeve is firmly bonded to the substrate with the end pointing towards the substrate using a filler material, wherein the filler material is arranged inside the sleeve.

Abstract: A heater tube is provided for use in a method of producing a diamond or cubic boron nitride (CBN) tipped cutting tool by sintering a mass of crystalline particles to a metal carbide. The heater tube has a cylindrical shape and is comprised of a plurality of windings of an expanded graphite foil which are compressed together. In the method, a heater tube assembly is formed which comprises the metal carbide substrate positioned within the heater tube and a mass of diamond or CBN particles positioned within the heater tube adjacent the substrate. The method includes simultaneously applying sufficient levels of pressure to the heater tube assembly and sufficient levels of electrical current to the heater tube assembly for a sufficient amount of time to cause sintering of the crystalline particles and bonding to the substrate to form a diamond or CBN tipped cutting tool.

Abstract: [Problem] To provide a method for producing a non-rectangular steel sheet to be heated to the predetermined temperature, a method and apparatus for producing a press-molded article using the non-rectangular steel sheet for press molding that is produced by means of that method for producing the same. [Solution] The method for producing a steel sheet for press molding according to one embodiment of the invention includes an electrical heating process (STEP-101) for electrically heating a blank (10) of rectangular steel sheet, viewed from the thickness direction of the blank, and a bending process (STEP-102) for deforming the blank (10) from a rectangle to a non-rectangle by applying stress in a horizontal direction to the surfaces (front (10a) and back (10b)) of the blank (10) after the start of electrical heating.

Abstract: An apparatus and related method are provided for a manufacturing process including heating of a processed part. A resistance heating assembly applies an electrical current to a work part comprising a sheet of high-tensile steel having a heat-resistant plating to improve formability. A heating control system regulates the electrical current to the work part in order to control the temperature of the work part. A temperature detector detects a temperature of the work part and generates feedback to the heating control system in order to regulate the electrical current. An electrical resistance detector measures an electrical resistance within the work part and generates feedback to the heating control system in order to regulate the electrical current.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a metal, ceramic, or composite part (PF) by flash sintering, which comprises simultaneously applying, inside a die (M), a uniaxial pressure and an electric current to a device containing a powder constituent material, said uniaxial pressure being applied by means of at least two pistons (P1, P2) which slide toward one another inside said die and each of which has a bearing surface (F1, F2) contacting said material, said bearing surfaces engaging so as to define the shape of the part to be manufactured, characterised in that: said part has a complex shape, including at least one first slender portion (V), such as a rod, plate, bevel, or shell, and a second portion (B), such as a base, plinth, or solid part, which is not slender in the slender direction of said first portion, and in that said uniaxial pressure is applied in a direction (z) substantially parallel to the smallest dimension of said first portion of the part, or to one of the two smallest dimensio

Abstract: A crimping method including the steps of: holding a workpiece comprised of a main body disposed around an outer circumference of a tubular shell in a first die; placing a second die for wrap crimping at a position facing the first die across the workpiece and moving the second die towards the first die to press the rim of the shell and plastically deform the rim to form a wrap crimped part; and bringing hot crimping-use electrodes arranged at sides of the shell, in a state holding the workpiece between the first die and the second die, into contact with side surfaces of the shell to apply current between the electrodes and the first die and make a thin-walled part to generate heat by resistance heating to thereby form a hot crimped part.

Abstract: A device (1) is provided for connecting a metal sheet (23, 33?) at the edges, particularly body sheet metal in automobiles. The device (1) includes at least one folding bed (2) for receiving at least two metal sheets, folding jaws (3) which are functionally connected to associated folding jaw supports (4), at least one thermal jointing tool (5), and at least one mass electrode (9, 9?). At least the joining tool is not attached to the folding jaws, and the joining tool contains a lever oriented away from the folding bed as a linear feed device. The lever (6) has a center of rotation (10) outside the folding bed, wherein the joining tool can swivel in the manner of a knee lever into an operating and/or non-operating position.

Abstract: A method and related apparatus are disclosed for heating and stamping a processed part. A sheet of high-tensile steel is provided as a work part. The sheet is plated with a high-temperature-resistant material to improve formability. The temperature-resistant material can include oxidized aluminum or a high-temperature-resistant alloy of aluminum and/or zinc and/or steel. An electrical current is applied to the work part to provide heating to the work part through resistance heating. The plated sheet can be stamped while heating to form a stamped work part. The work part is quenched through cooling to increase metallurgical strength.

Abstract: A dimpler includes a frame supporting a fluid cylinder which drives a ram toward a platen to press a dimple into a pipe fitting or other object. A method of dimpling or redimpling pipes or fittings is also described.

Abstract: An apparatus for forming a metal article includes a station which receives and supports a workpiece. The station has a source of electrical current and a source of a fluid. The station further includes a first and a second electrode clamp. Each clamp is in electrical communication with the source of current and in fluid communication with the source of fluid. The clamps engage a workpiece and deliver an electrical current and a fluid thereto. The system includes an actuator mechanically associated with at least one of the clamps. The actuator is operable in combination with a clamp to apply mechanical force to the workpiece. The system is operable to selectably control the temperature profile and/or ambient conditions of a workpiece during forming or processing steps. Disclosed are specific systems including modular systems. Also disclosed are methods for using the systems.

Abstract: An asymmetrical tool is provided to form an asymmetric orifice for an orifice disc. The asymmetric orifice is initially formed with a wall portion extending generally perpendicular to first and second generally parallel surfaces of the orifice disc. The wall of the orifice is deformed by the tool into an inlet portion contiguous to the first surface and a transition portion spaced from the first surface. The transition portion of the wall extends substantially perpendicular to the first and second generally planar surfaces. The inlet portion of the wall extends at a first oblique angle with respect to the first surface, and the first oblique angle varying with respect to the longitudinal axis. A method of forming the orifice with the tool is described.

Abstract: Several methods of forming angled orifices in a metal sheet are described in which an angled orifice can be formed from a preformed right-angled orifice. Each angled orifice has an oblique axis relative to at least one of a first surface and a second surface of a metal sheet. One of the methods can be achieved by punching the metal sheet in a first direction along a first axis perpendicular to one of the first and second surfaces of the metal sheet with a first tool piece so as to form a first orifice, the first orifice defining an opening having wall surfaces parallel to the first axis; and punching the metal sheet with the first tool piece proximate the first orifice in the first direction along a second axis parallel and offset to the first axis so as to form a first wall surface of the first orifice extending between the first and second surfaces of the metal sheet oblique to the first axis.

Abstract: A tungsten powder having a powder specific surface of 0.4 m2/g or more is hot-pressed at a temperature of 1,600° C. or more and then subjected to HIP at a temperature of 1,700° C. or more without capsuling, whereby a tungsten target for sputtering is manufactured that has a relative density of 99% or more and an average crystal grain size of 100 &mgr;m or less. This manufacturing method can manufacture, stably at a low cost, a tungsten target having such a high density and fine crystal structure as cannot be attained by the conventional pressure sintering method, and can greatly decrease the number of particle defects on a film produced by using such a target.

Abstract: A method of controlling caster and/or camber angle by controlling the amount of heat input during the welding process associated with the axle tube brackets and other suspension components such as the lower control arm, spring seat, shock bracket and sway arm bracket. In other words, larger hot weld spots versus smaller cooler welds will distort the axle tube differently. If the design of a tube assembly has undesirable caster and/or camber angles due to distortions caused by the welding of suspension components, the weld can be tuned to distort the assembly to a desired caster and/or camber angle. For example, if the camber desired requires the axle tube to be deflected up, the travel speed of welds on the top side of the tube may be slowed thus increasing the heat input.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for producing a flame support for a gas burner, which consists in producing disjointed metal fibres (10) in an alloy comprising iron, chromium and aluminium; assembling the fibres together under pressure; bringing the fibre mat to a temperature sufficient to ensure a close bonding between the fibres. The invention is characterised in that it consists in feeding said metal alloy to an overflowing tank (3), to produce the fibres by cooling in contact with a mobile wheel (7); then in arranging in a moulding matrix the resulting disjointed fibres (10) and compressing them to form an agglomerated mat; then in connecting the mat to electrodes and a capacitor, thereby bringing the fibres (10), at their points of contact, to a temperature not less than their melting point, to produce fibres closely welded together, under high voltage.

Abstract: In order to provide a method of joining a cylinder head 2 and a valve seat 3 by press and heat generated on passing an electrical current through both members 2, 3, to achieve satisfactory joining with minimized heat generated inside when the current is supplied, while eliminating the need for an infiltration step and reduce the production cost, inhibiting an increase in thermal conductivity of the valve seat 3 and improving the wear resistance thereof. The valve seat 3 is made of a sintered material made from a powdery material with a high electrical conductivity element such as Cu dispersed therein. The current and the pressure are applied with a first joining surface 3a of the valve seat 3 and a joining surface 2a of the cylinder head body 2 being put into surface contact with each other in advance.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a strong orthopaedic wire (30). A block (20) has an opening (26) with an interior diameter which is slightly larger than an outside diameter (28) of the wire (30). The wire (30) is placed within the opening (26) such that an end (36) of the wire (30) extends a predetermined distance (40) above the block (20). The extending end (36) is heated (e.g. by applying an electric current) until the metal from which the wire is made reaches the wire melting point. The molten metal is allowed to fall via gravitational force against the block (20), whereby the extending end (36) forms an enlarged end (42) on the wire (30).

Abstract: A sintering machine for applying heat and pressure to a die retained between two plate sets, includes a temperature sensor, a position sensor and a pressure sensor which are all connected to a computer for sensing the temperature of and pressure applied to the die, as well as the position of a movable one of the plate sets. This information is used to control a power supply unit which supplies current through the die to heat the die, and a hydraulic press for moving the movable one of the plate sets. Pressure and temperature are controlled in a discontinuous fashion during discrete intervals until a selected final temperature and pressure are reached. This more closely controls the sintering process over earlier systems which applied continously increasing temperature and pressure to the die.

Abstract: The connecting arms or connection elements of a metalworking press, such as a metal forming or stamping press, are provided with flat electrical resistance heating pads attached directly to the web section of the connections for applying heat to the connections for preheating the connections to a desired temperature, prior to press start up, to stabilize the dimensions thereof.

Abstract: A method for deep-drawing sheet metal in a drawing apparatus having a drawing ring body, a pressure body, and a drawing plunger, which includes pushing a metal sheet having a deep-drawing region against the drawing ring body with the pressure body surrounding the deep-drawing region, pushing the drawing plunger against the deep drawing region, and heating the deep drawing region for deep-drawing, and an apparatus for carrying out the method.

Abstract: A novel method of leak proof attachment of the outer edge of a flange-type sheet metal element in the bore of a steel cup-shaped valve tappet acting as a hydraulic play-compensating element for a combustion engine comprising (a) reducing the diameter of the bore of the valve tappet in two steps from the open end, the axial spacing of the two steps being greater than the thickness of the sheet metal element, (b) placing the outer edge of the sheet metal element on the second step and (c) simultaneously axially applying pressure on the first step with a die and heating by electric resistance with leads connected to the die and the hold-down ram and apparatus for the process and the product produced thereby.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a hoop for a nuclear reactor vessel, equipped internally with projecting guide blocks serving for the guidance of the internal equipment. The method consists in coating an outer cylindrical hoop (1) of low-alloy steel internally with a thin plating (2) of stainless steel and in attaching supporting blocks (3) to the inside of this hoop, leaving bare an area of low-alloy steel of the hoop surrounded by the stainless steel plating (2), depositing on this hollowed area by arc welding a plating (34) of nickel-base alloy of Inconel type until a profile is obtained which projects with respect to the plating (2) of stainless steel, machining this plating (34) and then arc welding thereto a separate piece (35) of nickel-base alloy of Inconel type with addition of nickel alloy of Inconel type deposited in a groove (4) formed between the plating (34) and the separate piece (35).

Abstract: A method for attaching a bicycle fork fitting to a fork leg is disclosed, using a particular fork fitting means. A steel pipe is formed with a fork leg including its one closed distal end with a joint. The fitting means is provided with projections at the portions near to both ends of the side thereof to be welded. Electric currents are passed through the closed portion of the fork leg and the projections of the fitting which are brought in contact with each other under pressure. Upon reaching a temperature suitable for welding, the thus integrated arrangement is upset under greater pressure, so that the fitting is welded to the fork leg.

Abstract: An extruder and electrode assemblage for interconnecting the upstanding lugs of plate straps connected to the positive and negative grids of battery cell units through apertures provided in partitions, separating the cell units of a battery from each other. The electrode assemblage not only clamps the lugs against the partition but defines apertures for the extruding plungers to engage the lugs and extrude same into the partition aperture. Once the extruded lug portions contact each other, welding current is supplied thereto in a semi-annular path by the electrodes.

Abstract: A method of producing a brush for a dynamo electric machine comprises the step of passing a heating current through a powder compact of the brush material and a conductive member in electrical contact with said powder compact so as to sinter the compact and connect the conductive member to the compact.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel method for producing a homogenous weld exhibiting a superior grain structure, higher strength, and superior durability, using an extrusion-fusion type battery intercell welder having a novel electrode construction which provides improved current carrying characteristics.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel method of extrusion-fusion welding of lead parts through an aperture in a battery case which uniformly controls the area of contact between members to be welded at the completion of the extrusion process in order to produce consistent, high-quality welds exhibiting higher strength and superior durability.

Abstract: A method for filling an internal void in a metal component. After internal voids in the metal component are detected and mapped, the metal component is positioned such that an internal void is between two electrodes. The metal component is compressed by the electrodes and an electrical current is applied across the electrodes and the intervening metal component. Suitable selection of electrode compression force, electrical current, and time of application of each will collapse the internal void and cause it to migrate to at least one surface of the metal component where it will appear as a dimple in the surface. The dimple is then metallurgically filled so as to provide the desired surface characteristics and contour of the metal component. The electrical current density in areas adjacent the internal voids is higher than elsewhere in the metal component and thus causes melting of the metal in those areas.

Abstract: A tubular filler rod or filler wire the metal sheath of which is composed of two members, to wit, an outer seamless tube and an inner tube consisting of a strip bent into tube shape and confining a compacted powder core. Also, a method of manufacturing a tubular, powder-cored filler rod or filler wire in which a metal strip is bent to form a trough which first is fitted with a powder composition and then closed to form a tube enclosing a core of the powder composition; the tube is slid into a second, seamless tube which is then submitted to a cold-drawing operation.

Abstract: In an intercell connection of a multi-cell storage battery of the type having, in each unit cell separated by at least a partition wall of battery cell having an opening for said intercell connection, a pair of upstanding connectors integral with straps electrically conductive to electrode assemblies of one polarity and the other polarity, wherein the one of the connector has a projection formed integral therewith and extending horizontally therefrom passing through said opening, and the other of the connector has an aperture with the axis extending horizontally to be capable of accepting said projection extending through said opening, the intercell connection method is characterized by comprising the steps ofpositioning such one connector and the other connector of neighboring unit cells on opposite sides of said partition wall so that said projection can pass through the opening into said aperture to form a fit joint inbetween, andcausing said fit joint be fused together by supplying said joint with a heat

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel electrode construction for use in extrusion-fusion type battery intercell welders, which alters the current carrying characteristics of the electrodes and produces a homogeneous weld exhibiting a superior grain structure, higher strength, and superior durability.

Abstract: An improved method for sealing off the refractory metal exhaust tubulation of the ceramic arc tube employed in the high pressure sodium discharge lamp. The method involves a single four-directional crimp of the tubulation to form an X-shaped cross-section and the subsequent electrical resistance tip-off of the tubulation while it is disposed in an inert gas atmosphere at a pressure which is higher than the pressure of the rare gas atmosphere within the arc tube and tubulation and is also above atmospheric to insure all oxygen is flushed from the area of the melting.

Abstract: Coil means between an annular casing electrode and a core casing electrode providing contact for high amplitude current conduction and flexibility during magnetic and structural loading in achieving substantially greater operational life in use with stress wave tooling.

Abstract: An electrode, particularly for use in tungsten inert gas welding, and a method for the production thereof wherein the electrode consists of a thoriated tungsten electrode rod having a bore in the working end thereof with an internal surface roughness formed by electro-errosion, the bore being filled with a mass of an electron emission increasing metal-nonmetal compound which is fuse-sintered in place to form a centrally disposed plug in the working end of the electrode.

Abstract: Metallic particles are heated to a coherent bonding state, are provided with an electric charge and accelerated into and through an evacuated chamber. Means associated with the chamber continuously control the directional path of the moving particles in accordance with the shape of the article to be formed. The projected particles then impinge upon a target at one end of the chamber to build up the three-dimensional object desired.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a friction disc for use, inter alia, in a disc brake, the friction disc including a metal backing plate and a plurality of friction pads carried by the backing plate. The method comprises the steps of providing a plurality of powder compacts of friction material at the required positions on the backing plate, and resistance heating the powder compacts to sinter the compacts into the required friction pads and to bond the pads to the backing plate.

Abstract: A method for fixing an abradable material of random interlocked metallic fibers sintered and pressed to a specified thickness and density in place on a substrate is set forth where the abradable material bonded to a metal backing plate is placed with the metal backing plate engaging a substrate. The abradable material is compressed without heat to substantially a solid mass at spaced spots; the compressed spots are heated by electrical resistance to a sintering temperature and pressed to form a solid mass. The solid mass of each spot of abradable material is heated to an increased temperature by electrical resistance, welding the solid mass of abradable material to the substrate by completely penetrating the backing plate and forming a weld nugget.