Abstract: An article of clothing includes a garment body, a heater coupled to the garment body, a heater supply cable in electrical communication with the heater, a battery pack including a plurality of cells configured to supply power to the heater, and a battery holder separate and removable from the garment body. The battery holder is configured to receive the battery pack and connects electrically to the battery pack. The battery holder includes an electrical port that is electrically connectable with the heater supply cable. The garment body includes a compartment configured to receive the battery pack and the battery holder. The garment body also includes a closure configured for closing the compartment and opening the compartment. The heater supply cable extends into the compartment for electrically connecting with the battery holder.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a power cable, comprising a tension member (1), placed in the centre of said power cable; a first insulation layer (3), the tension member (1) being embedded in the first insulation layer (3); and an outer protective sheath (9); wherein said power cable further comprises one or more first aluminum conductors (4), embedded within the first insulation layer (3). The present invention also concerns a process for producing the inventive power cable, the process comprising the step of extruding a first polymeric insulation layer (3) onto the tension member (1) and the one or more conductors (4) in one single step. Finally, the present invention concerns the use of the inventive power cable, in medium-voltage to high-voltage subsea applications, such as an offshore windmill cable infrastructure or driving of subsea pumps.

Abstract: An article of clothing includes a garment body, a heater coupled to the garment body, a battery holder separate from the garment body and including a power terminal, and a rechargeable battery pack including a housing and a plurality of battery cells received in the housing and configured to provide power to the heater. The battery holder is detachably couplable to the garment body. The rechargeable battery pack is electrically connectable to the power terminal. The housing is detachably couplable to the battery holder. At least a portion of the housing is external to the battery holder when the rechargeable battery pack is coupled to the battery holder.

Abstract: The present application relates to the field of heating clothing, specifically to a heating control circuit. The heating control circuit includes: a main controller, a plurality of heating units and an indicator light button circuit. Each heating unit includes a heating circuit, a heating button circuit and an indicator light circuit. The control end of the heating circuit is connected to the main controller, and the output end of the heating circuit is provided with a heating wire connected to an external heating clothing. The output end of the heating button circuit is connected to the main controller. The input end and the output end of the indicator light circuit are both connected to the main controller. The output end of the indicator light button circuit is connected to the main controller.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a method for heating a personal device using a wirelessly-powered heating device includes: wirelessly receiving power with a receiving coil of the wirelessly-powered heating device, the receiving coil located inside the personal device, where the receiving coil is coupled to a capacitor of the wirelessly-powered heating device to form a receiver resonant tank; and heating the personal device with heat produced by a resistance of the receiving coil, where the receiving coil functions as a receiver antenna and as a heat producing element.

Abstract: Textile article with a pattern comprising graphene, defining a surface with empty portions and full portions, with a percentage of coverage from 10 to 70% of the surface defined by the pattern, so as to form a thermal circuit for optimal management of the heat absorbed and of the breathability of the article, and the process for its preparation.

Abstract: Method and composition for increasing the electrical and thermal conductivity of a textile article comprising the application of a composition comprising graphene and an inorganic pigment, so as to form a layer that consists of a thermal circuit for optimal management of heat and an electrical circuit for dissipation of the static electricity accumulated on the textile article.

Abstract: The disclosure provides an apparatus, system and method for a flexible heater suitable for embedding in a wearable. The flexible heater comprises a conformable substrate; a matched function ink set, printed onto at least one substantially planar face of the substrate to form at least a conductive layer capable of receiving current flow from at least one power source; a resistive layer electrically associated with the at least one conductive layer and comprising a plurality of heating elements capable of generating heat upon receipt of the current flow; and a dielectric layer capable of at least partially insulating the at least one resistive layer, wherein the matched ink set is matched to preclude detrimental interactions between the printed inks of each of the at least one conductive, resistive and dielectric layers, and to preclude detrimental interactions with the conformable substrate.

Abstract: Temperature of the extremities is a significant factor in temperature control of the body due to the presence of thermal receptors in the extremities. The brain uses signals from these thermal receptors as an indication of environmental conditions, and responds accordingly. Thermal monitoring of extremities and adjustment of extremity temperature are valuable in controlling body temperature, leading to a more optimum body temperature in an array of environmental conditions. Devices, such as a wearable article, and an apparatus to monitor the temperature of extremities, adjust the temperature of the extremities in response to the monitored temperature.

Abstract: A hand warmer comprising: a tubular sleeve having two extremities located along a longitudinal axis thereof, said sleeve defining a longitudinal opening therein, each extremity having defining an opening adapted to receive hands; a heating element; and a battery operatively connected to the heating element; wherein said tubular sleeve comprising an inner wall and an outer wall and adapted to receive the battery between the inner and outer wall and wherein the heating element is located within the longitudinal opening and is adapted to be grasped by a hand when such is inserted into the longitudinal opening of the hand warmer.

Abstract: An electronic device protecting casing with heating function includes: a casing; a battery box within the casing; an interior of the battery box being arranged with a battery, a back side of the battery box being formed with an opening for receiving the battery; an outer cover serving to seal the opening; an inner side of the outer cover being formed with a heat isolation sheet; a heating unit being installed within the casing for heating the tablet computer; the heating unit including an electric heating plate. When power of the battery is transferred to the electric heating plate, the electric heating plate generates heat power and then transfers the power to the tablet computer for heating it; and a control circuit is installed within the casing; the electric heating plate is connected to the battery through a control switch; and the control circuit is connected to the control switch.

Abstract: A surgical drape for use during pre-operative and post-operative procedures and in sterile operating room environments comprises a drape panel, a heat source affixed to the drape panel for maintaining normal patient body temperature. A thermal panel affixed to the drape panel and defining a heat retention area is optional. The heat source comprises a single or plurality of air-activated chemical warming device for quick heating to optimal temperature and consistent discharge of heat over the desired time.

Abstract: A flexible heating apparatus can heat a heated body. The flexible heating apparatus includes a flexible carrier, a heating unit and a control module. The heating unit is at least one layer arranged inside the flexible carrier. The control module is arranged inside the flexible carrier and is electrically connected to the heating unit. Moreover, the control module is connected to an external electric apparatus, and is controlled by the external electric apparatus to control the heating unit to proceed a heating control to the heated body.

Abstract: The present invention is an animal cooling system including a collar removably connected to a vest. The collar may be affixed around an animal's neck and the vest around the animal's torso. The collar includes a fabric layer having at least one pouch affixed to an inner side, at least one coolant sheet removably located within the pouch, and a fastener affixed to the fabric layer. The vest includes a fabric layer having at least one pouch affixed to an inner side, at least one coolant sheet removably located within the pouch, and a fastener affixed to the fabric layer. The coolant sheets include a freezable, non-toxic coolant and once melted, may be removed from their respective pouches and swapped for fresh, frozen coolant sheets to allow for continuous cooling. The system may also be utilized as a separate collar or a separate vest having the same construction and function.

Abstract: A therapeutic bra including a body portion having a front, a back, a first side, second side, a first cup, and a second cup; the front and the back are connected at the first and second sides, the first cup including a first opening for receiving a first nipple of a user therethrough; the second cup including a second opening for receiving a second nipple of the user therethrough; a flap coupled to the first cup and configured to selectively conceal or expose the first opening; a second flap coupled to the second cup and configured to selectively conceal or expose the second opening; and a first heating apparatus comprising a first heating loop operably connected to a power source and a controller disposed on the body portion; and first and second heating loops associated with the respective cup, the side, the front, and/or flap.

Abstract: A wireless communication system comprises a first wireless communication device for a first team member, and a second wireless communication device for a second team member. The first wireless communication device comprises a microphone and a transmitter for transmitting an oral message via a first wireless communication protocol. The second wireless communication device comprises a main transceiver, a wearable audio device, and a support configured for mounting the main transceiver onto hockey shoulder pads of the second team member in a location physically remote from the wearable audio device.

Abstract: A modular communications system having dynamically positionable non-metallic antenna elements and communications devices is disclosed. The system includes an apparel item with a surface and a foam layer positioned therein. Landing pads are each uniquely positioned on the surface. The antenna elements are demountably, intermittingly, and conductively coupled to the landing pads; includes a non-metallic conductive composition; and a unique operational frequency. A hub is positioned on the surface and conductively coupled to each landing pad. Each communications device is demountably affixed to the surface; intermittingly, demountably, and conductively coupled to the hub; and includes a unique operational frequency. The hub intermittingly, demountably, and conductively couples each communications devices to a unique landing pad included in the plurality of landing pads. The foam layer is lined with a conductive material that reflects RF radiation that emanates from the plurality of non-metallic antenna elements.

Abstract: An aerosol-generating system includes a plurality of cartridges and an aerosol-generating device. At least one cartridge of the plurality of cartridges includes a first aerosol-forming substrate, the plurality of cartridges are configured for selective connection to each other to form a cartridge assembly. The aerosol-generating device includes a storage including a second aerosol-forming substrate in the storage, an electric heater configured to heat a portion of the second aerosol-forming substrate from the storage section during use of the aerosol-generating system, and a power supply housing, the power supply housing including a power supply and a controller, the controller configured to control a supply of electrical power from the power supply to the electric heater, the aerosol-generating device being configured to receive the cartridge assembly at a downstream end of the aerosol-generating device.

Abstract: A system for measuring and controlling foot temperature. The system comprises a heating or cooling device including one or more sealed fluidic pathways having a cooling or heating fluid therein and disposed in or on an article of footwear or a sock. A pumping device coupled to the heating or cooling device is configured to circulate the fluid in the one or more sealed fluidic pathways. A heat exchanger coupled to the heating or cooling device is configured to remove or add heat from or to the fluid in the one or more sealed fluidic pathways. A controller coupled to the pumping device and the heat exchanger is configured to control the pumping device and the heat exchanger to cool or heat a foot located inside the article of footwear or the sock.

Abstract: A DC energy storage unit with a plurality of energy storage modules, each energy storage module including a plurality of electrochemical energy storage devices electrically connected in series; an internal control unit in the energy storage module; a power supply for the internal control unit; and a wireless communication system; wherein the total voltage of the plurality of energy storage devices in series is greater than or equal to 40 V DC, wherein the plurality of energy storage modules are coupled together in series, or in parallel, each energy storage unit including a wireless gateway for communication between the energy storage unit controller and each energy storage module; wherein each energy storage module further has a housing, the housing at least partially having a non magnetic material.

Abstract: Provided are devices for therapeutic interaction with an Abreu brain thermal tunnel (ABTT) terminus. Such devices are configured to provide one or more drugs to an ABTT terminus, and may provide heat to or remove heat from the ABTT terminus while providing the one or more drugs.

Abstract: An energized belt for holding tools that has at least one strap and at least one holder. It has an energy processor, a first conductor, a second conductor, a switch and at least one port. The first conductor is attached to the at least one strap and the energy processor is electrically connected to that first conductor. The second conductor is attached to the at least one holder which is attached to the at least one strap and is electrically connected to the first conductor. The switch is electrically connected to the energy processor. The second conductor is capable of emitting heat so that the at least one of the at least one holders as a pouch is suitable for placement of a wearer's hands to be warmed. The at least one port being integrally attached to the at least one holder and connected to the first conductor.

Abstract: A lawn mower has an electrical port that receives current from an alternator powered by the lawn mower engine. The current and voltage sent the electrical port depend on a flywheel and stator arrangement operatively connected to the alternator. The stator may be replaceable or interchangeable to selectively determine the alternator current and voltage output. The port receives a plug from a garment worn by the lawn mower operator. The garment includes one or more thermo-electric elements that are powered from current extending through the port. The thermo-electric elements may be resistive heaters to warm the operator or TEC coolers to cool the operator. Furthermore, the garment may include a rechargeable battery that powers the thermo-electric elements when the plug is disconnected from the port.

Abstract: A breast milk expression apparatus includes at least one compression pad disposable about a breast of a user and configured for radial displacement relative to the breast. The apparatus includes a compression unit coupled to the at least one pad, configured to cyclically displace the at least one pad radially inwardly to cause compression of the breast and, following compression of the breast, permitting the breast to expand and decompress.

Abstract: A composite article is provided for use as a heat spreader, a cooling element or as part of the heating system for a wide variety of items. The composite article can include at least one sheet of compressed particles of exfoliated graphite or graphiiized polymer. A protective coating may be aligned or adhered with a surface of the sheet. The article may also include at least one of a fiber reinforced polymer, a fiber weave or fiber mat or combinations thereof, aligned with at least one of the first surface of the sheet or a second surface of the sheet. The composite article can include a plurality of strips of compressed particles of exfoliated graphite, of graphiiized polymer or combinations thereof, which are woven together and/or it can Include cut outs, slits or other perforations to provide flexibility, stretehabi Kiy, and breathability.

Abstract: An item such as a fabric-based item or other item may have one or more actuators. An actuator may have a conductive strand of material. A control circuit may supply a current to the conductive strand that induces a length change in the conductive strand due to ohmic heating and associated thermal expansion effects. The control circuit may be used to activate the actuator in response to user input that is supplied to an associated input device such as a switch, capacitive sensor, force sensor, light-based sensor, or other input component. The fabric-based item may include fabric such as woven fabric or knit fabric. Strands of conductive material may serve as signals paths for supplying current to conductive strands in actuators. Magnetic-field-based actuators may be formed by coiling conductive strands around tubular support structures such as piping in fabric-based items.

Abstract: The gurney cover and optional heating system comprises a container, a body cover spool, a body cover, a head cover spool, a head cover, a plurality of container clips, one or more body cover clips, and one or more head cover clips. The container may couple to a first side of a gurney via the plurality of container clips. The body cover and the head cover may be adapted to be deployed from within the container by pulling them across the gurney to cover a patient. The body cover may couple to a second side of the gurney via one or more body cover clips. The head cover may couple to the second side of the gurney via one or more head cover clips. The body cover, the head cover, or both may comprise battery-powered heating elements that are adapted to warm the patient.

Abstract: Various aspects of the present disclosure are directed to establishing a simple and secure connection between two intelligent pieces of clothing. A first connecting part is provided on a first intelligent piece of clothing and a second connecting part is provided on a second intelligent piece of clothing. The first connecting part and the second connecting part are magnetically connected in order to align and interconnect a first signal connecting part in the first connecting part with a second signal connecting part in the second connecting part for establishing a signal connection between first electronics of the first intelligent piece of clothing and second electronics of the second intelligent piece of clothing.

Abstract: A portable device designed to heat the cold air that is inhaled through a person's nose is revealed, thus protecting respiratory function in adverse climates, especially for those suffering from lung diseases and the like, or for those who are susceptible or at risk of acquiring these diseases due to their age or work and need a protection mechanism. This device is composed of a support system and an energy system, wherein the support system guarantees the stability of the device next to the nose of the user, while the energy system heats the air that the user inhales through the nose and allows the user to regulate the temperature of the heat sink located near the nose by means of a control knob.

Abstract: A heating wearable article for being worn by a user is provided. The heating wearable article includes a waterproof and breathable body suit, a pair of waterproof boots and a liner member. The waterproof and breathable body suit include a chest portion, a pair of pants portions and a pair of adjustable shoulder straps. The pants portions are coupled to and extend downwardly from the chest portion. The pair of adjustable shoulder straps are coupled to the chest portion. The chest portion includes a front chest pocket arrangement, which includes a hand warming compartment and a storage compartment. The waterproof boots are coupled to the pants portions. The liner member is detachably coupled to a portion of an inner surface along the pair of pants portions. The liner member may include at least one heating sheet and a power source to heat the waterproof and breathable body suit.

Abstract: A heating system, such as embedded in a fabric object, such as a wearable garment, comprising at least one heating element comprising an electrical resistance heating loop, the heating element comprising at least one sense wire for detecting and providing a signal indicative of a safety condition, and a controller connected to the at least one heating element and to the sense wire and configured to shut down the heating element in response to the signal indicative of the safety condition. Multiple, independently controllable heating elements in a garment may be connected to a harness and one or more integral battery packs with a power management system to permit hot swapping of the battery packs. The garment may be configured to be communicatively paired to a mobile device to provide hands free phone, music streaming, and/or a user interface for the heating system.

Abstract: An alarm device configured to secure about a portion of a pair of eyeglasses includes an audio alarm in electrical communication with a power source and a heat sensor strip. The heat sensor strip activates the audio alarm when no longer heated by the body heat of a user.

Abstract: An imaging device includes a two dimensional array of piezoelectric elements. Each piezoelectric element includes: a piezoelectric layer; a bottom electrode disposed on a bottom side of the piezoelectric layer and configured to receive a transmit signal during a transmit mode and develop an electrical charge during a receive mode; and a first top electrode disposed on a top side of the piezoelectric layer; and a first conductor, wherein the first top electrodes of a portion of the piezoelectric elements in a first column of the two dimensional array are electrically coupled to the first conductor.

Abstract: A face mask apparatus is formed with a breathing chamber that provides adjustable warm and humidified air for inhalation. The breathing chamber heats cold air that is breathed in through the face mask during normal breathing, which is worn over the nose and mouth of a person. A temperature gauge monitors temperature for future adjustment of the amount of heat generating current. The air in the chamber is heated for inhalation by a resistive carbon fiber tape. The temperature of the resistive material (and by extension the warm air generated), is regulated/adjusted by increasing or decreasing the current output settings on the power source. Warm and humidified air is produced. The face mask may be part of a balaclava hood or a hat, or to other head gear, or as a stand alone with straps around the head, optionally with an adjustable solar powered battery.

Abstract: Systems, methods, devices, and other techniques for heating a lens to mitigate fogging. The methods can include identifying a temperature of the lens, identifying an ambient temperature of an environment of the lens, determining whether the lens is susceptible to fogging based at least on the temperature of the lens and the ambient temperature of the environment of the lens, and in response to determining that the lens is susceptible to fogging, causing a heating element to apply heat to the lens to mitigate fogging of the lens.

Abstract: A heating blanket for a motorized wheelchair includes: a windproof and waterproof fabric which covers a thermal lining having Velcro fasteners attached to at least one position thereof, has windproof and waterproof functions, and has a zipper and a zipped entrance/exit formed on the front and back sides thereof; at least one heating plate which is inserted into a back side windproof and waterproof fabric via the zipper and is detachably mounted on the thermal lining, wherein the heating plate is woven with carbon yarns so that the heating plate generates heat when electricity is applied; an electric wire, a connection part, an adjustment part, and a connection jack for supplying electricity to the heat plate, wherein the heating blanket is characterized in that the connection jack is connected to the outside to allow the heating plate to be heated.

Abstract: A composite article is provided for use as a heat spreader, a cooling element or as part of the heating system for a wide variety of items. The composite article can include at least one sheet of compressed particles of exfoliated graphite or graphitized polymer. A protective coating may be aligned or adhered with a surface of the sheet. The article may also include at least on of a fiber reinforced polymer, a fiber weave or fiber mat or combinations thereof, aligned with at least one of the first surface of the sheet or a second surface of the sheet. The composite article can include a plurality of strips of compressed particles of exfoliated graphite, of graphitized polymer or combinations thereof, which are woven together and/or it can include cut outs, slits or other perforations to provide flexibility, stretchability, and breathability.

Abstract: A glove dryer may include a vehicle mounting arrangement (e.g., a cup holder insert or a docking station) such that the glove dryer may be maintained in an upright orientation while the vehicle is accelerating, turning, traveling over bumps, decelerating, etc. A glove dryer may include an automatic controller.

Abstract: A temperature regulation system for regulating the temperature of a body includes at least one temperature sensor adapted to generate a temperature measurement that relates to a temperature of a given portion of a body, at least one flexible support to be directly or indirectly positioned against or in proximity of a given portion of the body, at least one temperature adjustment element adapted to provide heat and/or cold to a given portion of the body, arranged on or in the flexible support, a memory unit adapted to store at least one temperature related threshold value, a logical unit in wire or wireless communication with the memory unit and adapted to perform logical processing, a controlling unit in wire or wireless communication with the logical unit, with the temperature sensor and with the temperature adjustment element.

Abstract: A method of controlling a heating system is provided that includes having at least one heater assembly, the heater assembly comprising a plurality of heater units, each heater unit defining at least one independently controlled heating zone, supplying power to each of the heater units through power conductors electrically connected to each of the independently controlled heating zones in each of the heater units, and modulating power supplied to each of the independently controlled heating zones. A voltage is selectively supplied to each of the independently controlled heating zones such that a reduced number of independently controlled heating zones receives the voltage at a time, or at least a subset of the independently controlled heating zones receive a reduced voltage at all times.

Abstract: A transparent film has an adhesive backing adapted to emanate heat through heating elements incorporated throughout the film. The film is applied to a front surface of a solar panel array to provide the heat necessary to melt snow and ice. The device is provided with temperature sensors, inverters, and a battery to enable the device to self-activate and to accumulate and store electric power. When the accumulated snow and ice have been melted, the device de-activates and the transparent nature permits sunlight to enter and charge the solar cells.

Abstract: A massaging boot assembly for massaging a foot includes a boot that may be worn on a foot. A massage unit is coupled to the boot and the massage unit selectively massages the foot when the boot is worn. The massage unit is selectively turned on and off. A heating unit is coupled to the boot such that the heating unit is in thermal communication with the boot. The heating unit is selectively turned on to selectively heat the foot thereby enhancing therapeutic relief of the foot.

Abstract: A seat heater includes a substrate. A formed heating wire is disposed on the substrate. A sewing thread attaches the formed heating wire to the substrate. A method of fabricating the seat heater includes forming a straight heating wire into a formed heating wire having miniature wave shape, feeding the formed heating wire onto a substrate, and attaching the formed heating wire onto the substrate by sewing a thread.

Abstract: An electrical heating device includes at least one support; at least one ohmic heating resistor; and at least one temperature sensor. The heating resistor includes a heating conductor strand, which is laid out on, or in, the support in a track-like, curving, or meandering pattern to span a heating field. The heating conductor strand includes a measurement loop formed by at least two heating conductor sections that are separated from one another, and, in each case, are connected together electrically conductively at one end, and which are laid out around the temperature sensor and form a delimited measurement field. The temperature sensor is placed in a measurement position within the measurement field spanned by the measurement loop so that it is positioned as a function of a surface area formed by the measurement field at a greater or smaller distance from an opening of the measurement loop.

Abstract: A pneumatic energy conversion mechanism for use with footwear generates electricity from foot-strikes. The mechanism comprises: at least one air-chamber with an outlet disposed to be compressed on foot strikes and decompressed when the foot is lifted; a micro-electrical generator supported within a support air tube pneumatically connected with the at least one air-chamber's outlet, at its one end, while having its other end open; at least one unidirectional axial-flow micro-turbine, such as the wells turbine, having all its blades exposed to the airflow, thus providing a powerful torque the same micro-electrical generator.

Abstract: A utility bag having a plurality of panels defining an interior and an exterior, the interior including a cavity configured to receive an item. The utility bag includes a heater element disposed in the cavity, a battery pack configured for electrical communication with the heater element for powering the heater element, and a controller removably coupled in selective electrical communication to the battery pack. The controller is shaped and sized to mechanically mate with the battery pack for electrical communication therewith.

Abstract: An article of clothing comprises a glove, at least one electric operational element attached to the glove, an electrical contact point for the electric operational element, and at least one cable that electrically connects the electric operational element to the electrical contact point. The cable is attached to the glove and runs mainly in at least one neutral region of the glove in a neutral direction with respect to a change in length upon a movement of a hand or of a finger. Further, a method of manufacturing such an article of clothing is shown.

Abstract: A wearable massage and/or compression device for applying controllable scrolling or intermittent sequential forces, such as compression forces, to the body and limbs of a user comprises an elongated fabric body sized to encircle a limb of a user, one or more shape-memory wires carried by the fabric body and configured to apply a compression pressure to the limb through the fabric body upon changing shape in response to a stimulus, and a micro-processor based controller for selectively actuating the one or more shape-changing elements to reduce the effective diameter of the device encircling the limb, to thereby apply pressure to the limb.

Abstract: A method is presented for collecting and removing radon from a confined area, a storage box or articles of clothing. The method includes collecting radon from the confined area or around a storage box via at least one collector, connecting each of a plurality of radon adsorbers to a corresponding power supply or power source such as a battery, capacitor, fuel cell, etc. diverting, via a plurality of valves, the collected radon or radon daughters through one or more of the plurality of radon adsorbers, and receiving, via a plurality of radon storage units, radon or radon daughters held by the plurality of radon adsorbers for a predetermined period of time.

Abstract: A haptic glove comprises a glove body including a glove digit corresponding to a phalange of a user hand. The glove digit has a first ribbon layer of a first average width and a second ribbon layer of a second average width greater than the first average width. The first and second ribbon layers are configured to be positioned on a first surface of the digit and formed lengthwise along a bend centerline of the glove digit that bisects a surface of the glove digit. A central axis of the second ribbon layer is aligned with a central axis of the first ribbon layer. The first ribbon layer comprises a first extendible material having a first range of elastic extensibility and the second ribbon layer comprises a second extendible material having a second range of elastic extensibility greater than the first range of elastic extensibility of the first ribbon layer.