Abstract: A method and apparatus for zone controlling the temperature of a rotating roll. The apparatus includes a roll having a surface at a first temperature and a belt disposed adjacent at least a portion of the roll. The belt contacts the roll surface in a contact region and has a second temperature that is different from the first temperature of the roll such that the belt affects a temperature change in at least a portion of the surface of the roll in the contact region as the roll is rotated.

Abstract: A drum heater consisting of a plurality of vanes made preferably from mica material and having multiple separate heater wire channels controlled from an electrical cable is provided for heating the interior of a printer drum or fuser. The drum heater has element wires, which can be operated in two different modes, and which are wound around eight mica vanes. The mica vanes are held together on both ends with mica end caps for assembly, electrical isolation and thermal isolation. The mica vanes additionally define protruding tabs for attachment of wire restraining and protecting mica panels.

Abstract: A fixing unit fixes a developing material deposited on a recording medium by heating and pressing the recording medium. The fixing unit includes a first number of heating members that apply heat to the recording medium and a second number of switches that supply electric power to the first number of heating members. Each of the heating members receives electric power through a series circuit of the switches. Each of the switches responds to a surface temperature of a corresponding one of the heating members so that when the surface temperature exceeds a predetermined value, the electric power is shut off.

Abstract: An image heating apparatus that has an elongated heater, a film having a surface which moves while in contact with a recording material bearing an image, wherein the image on the recording material is heated by heat emitted from the heater via the film. The heater has a substrate made of metal and the substrate has a convex portion in a longitudinal direction of the heater.

Abstract: A heated roll and a method for heating of a roll, in particular of a press roll or calender roll in a paper or board machine. The roll has a hollow, tubular roll mantle. The roll is heated with electric current by means of electrical resistors fitted inside the body material of roll mantle. The heating is preferably applied to the roll substantially at the proximity of the face of the roll mantle, and the electric current may be supplied to the electrical resistors from the ends of the roll through glide rings.

Abstract: A furnace particularly for heat treatments of glass sheets, comprising a longitudinally-elongated chamber which contains roller conveyor elements for the glass sheets. The furnace comprises irradiation-heating elements combined with first and second elements for heating by forced air convection in which the air temperature is controlled by adjusting its circulation rate, the elements being located respectively above and below the conveyor elements and therefore above and below the sheets being treated.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an image heating apparatus in which an image on a recording material is heated by heat from a heater via a film, and the film contacts a surface of the heater opposite to a surface thereof on which heat generating members are provided.

Abstract: A roller grill assembly for cooking human food has a plurality of roller tubes rotatably mounted to a housing frame. A sealing assembly comprises a bearing member, and an annular sealing member. The bearing has a bore for receiving a roller tube. The bearing bore has a part with an annular recess for receiving the sealing member, so that the sealing member can be held against the outer surface of the tube. An idler sprocket is associated with the frame. A drive chain engages the idler sprocket and the sprockets on the tubes, to rotate them. The housing has a cavity that receives a sliding compartment assembly. The compartment assembly has a frame comprising track members and a cross strut, shaped to support a pan for holding food. A wall is spaced above the housing cavity and beneath the tubes. The tubes have heating elements with spiraled configuration, with the spacing at the ends more compact than in the central part of the heating element.

Abstract: A heat developing method conveying, to make a heating processing on a heater surface, a heat developable image recording material is disclosed in which an image forming layer and a protection layer are formed using a polymer latex as a binder on one side of a support made prepared by subjecting a polyester biaxially drawn and crystallized with orientation to a thermal relaxation processing at a temperature equal to or higher than 130° C. and equal to or lower than 200° C.

Abstract: The present invention prvides a fixing apparatus, comprising a first rotating member, first heating device for heating the first rotating member, a second rotating member for forming a nip together with the first rotating member, wherein a recording material bearing an unfixed image thereon is nipped and conveyed at the nip in such a manner that the unfixed image is in contact with the first rotating member, and the unfixed image is fixed by heating on the recording material, voltage applying device for applying voltage to create potential difference between the first rotating member and the second rotating member, and wherein the second rotating member has a conductive parting layer on a surface threreof, second heating device for heating the second rotating member.

Abstract: A heater includes a substrate having a high heat conductivity; a resistive layer on the substrate, for generating heat up on electric power supply; an output electrode on the substrate; and a temperature sensing element having an output portions placed on top of the output electrodes.

Abstract: A fuser assembly and associated method for an electrophotographic machine heats a first fuser roll with a first heating device. A second heating device heats a second fuser roll. It is determined whether a first temperature of the first fuser roll is below a first target temperature. It is also determined whether a second temperature of the second fluser roll is below a second target temperature. If both the first temperature is below the first target temperature and the second temperature is below the second target temperature, the first heating device is operated during a first time period and operation of the second heating device is inhibited throughout the first time period.

Abstract: An image heating apparatus is provided where an electrical power supply to a second heater is started during the electrical power supply to a first heater, a power supply control that controls the electrical power supply to the first heater in accordance with a condition of the second heater.

Abstract: A heated fuser roller that includes an elongated roller and a series of heating wires extending axially through the roller. The heating wires are positioned near the surface of the roller. Voltage is applied from a power source to the heating wires through conductive disks mounted on each end of the roller. A conductive wiper, shoe or other suitable contact device slides along each disk to maintain the electrical connection between the disks and the power source as the roller rotates.

Abstract: A method and equipment for adjusting the temperature of glass sheets in a tempering furnace. The tempering furnace (1) comprises rollers (3) for conveying and oscillating the glass sheets (4) during heating, and resistors (5, 6) for heating the glass sheets (4) from above and from below. The temperature of the glass sheets (4) is measured inside the tempering furnace (1) during heating and the dwell time of the glass sheets (4) in the furnace is adjusted based on the temperature measurements. This enables exact control of the final temperature of the glass from the beginning, and the temperature can be kept uniform independently of the measures taken by the operator.

Abstract: An apparatus, system, and method for processing photothermographic elements. The apparatus thermally develops a photothermographic element by heating the photothermographic element between a heated member, having a resilient layer, and a plurality of rollers. The apparatus can be a component of other apparatus and systems including those having the ability to expose the photothermographic element to form a latent image.

Abstract: A roller for rolling an electrode composite plate of a storage cell, including a cylindrical body having an inner space and a heater installed in the body for heating the electrode composite plate is provided.According to the present invention, it is possible to prevent stress concentrations and to easily perform thickness control and winding by heating and rolling the electrode composite plate during manufacturing of a cylindrical electrical storage cell.

Abstract: A toner image heating device for heating a recording material holding a toner image includes: a first heating roller having a plurality of heaters which are different in heat generating region from one another; and a second heating roller having a plurality of heaters which are different in heat generating region from one another. A heat generating region dividing position between said heaters adjacent to each other in said second heating roller is shifted from a heat generating region dividing position between said heaters adjacent to each other in said first heating roller.

Abstract: The process for heating a moving web, in particular a corrugated board web, in addition to a supply of heat to the one outer side of the moving web, also provides supply of heat to the other outer side of the web (5). A preheater (1) with a first heating face (3), which is associated with a movable deflection roll, is connected to a second heating face (13) connected to the deflection roll (10). With its other outer side, the web (5) is guided via this second heating face.

Abstract: A fuser member having a polyimide substrate, an optional solventless intermediate adhesive layer, an outer polyphenylene sulfide layer, and an optional outer release layer, which provides enhanced bonding and decreased occurrence of delamination is provided. An image forming apparatus using the fuser member is also disclosed.

Abstract: A low-loss, high-energy efficiency and low-cost heatable godet has a plurality of short wavelength infrared radiation heaters closely juxtaposed with the inner wall of the hollow drum of a godet onto which a synthetic yarn can be fed. The heaters can be angularly equispaced within the interior of the drum, closely juxtaposed therewith and of different lengths to heat different axial zones of the drum differently. The heaters can be coated with a reflective material on their sides turned away from the drum to avoid scattering losses and to direct energy to the drum.

Abstract: A a fixing apparatus for an electrophotographic apparatus includes a heat roller (11a) having a heater (14) therein and a pressure roller (11b) urged against the heat roller, wherein a recording material (6) holding a toner image (25) thereon is sandwiched and carried while being heated and pressurized at a pressing portion between the heat roller and the pressure roller thereby to fix the toner image on a surface of the recording material, the fixing apparatus further including a first temperature detecting mechanism (18) formed by a temperature detecting element (15) provided at a portion of an outer periphery of the heat roller and a sensor head (17) disposed so as to be able oppose to the temperature detecting element, a second temperature detecting mechanism (19) formed by a plurality of temperature detecting elements disposed at a constant interval therebetween along an axial direction of the heat roller and spaced from the outer periphery of the heat roller, and a control mechanism (20, 21, 22, 23, 24)

Abstract: The invention concerns a heated roll and a method for heating of a roll, in particular of a press roll or calender roll in a paper or board machine. The roll has a hollow, tubular roll mantle. According to the invention, the roll is heated with electric current by means of electrical resistors fitted inside the body material of roll mantle. The heating is preferably applied to the roll substantially at the proximity of the face of the roll mantle, and the electric current may be supplied to the electrical resistors from the ends of the roll through glide rings.

Abstract: A heated roller assembly (10) is disclosed having a thermal conductive shell (21) with an inner surface (22) and an outer surface (23). A plurality of parallel, annularly spaced apart heat pipes (31) are positioned within longitudinal channels (25) provided along the outer surface of the core (21). A thermal conductive ceramic putty or ceramic (51) overlays the heat pipes (31) and is contoured to be flush with the outer surface (23) and prevent damage to the heat pipes (31) during the turning process. An electric (17,18) heater (41) is secured to the inner surface (22) of the shell (21). End caps (15) and axle(s) (16) contain and support the assembly (10), respectively. The core (21)/pipe (31) assembly is encased in an outer sleeve (55) with a non-stick functional surface (61).

Abstract: The disclosure involves a heated roller having a generally-cylindrical outer shell, a primary heating coil between the shell and a roller head at the end of the shell. In the improvement, the head includes an independently-controlled (or controllable) auxiliary heating coil so that the end of the roller may be temperature-controlled independently of the shell. The user may thereby "tailor" the temperature profile of the roller to suit a wide variety of applications. In specific embodiments, the auxiliary coil has the same or differing pitch along its length and/or the cable from which the coil is made has the same or differing wattage output per unit of cable length. A heating roller in combination with a transfer cylinder for a heat transfer decorating system is also disclosed.

Abstract: A fuser roller for use in an electrophotographic process includes a hollow cylinder that is constructed of a ceramic material having a high thermal conductivity and exhibiting a wall thickness that is thin in comparison to the radius of the cylinder. Plural resistive conductors are positioned on an external surface of the cylinder. A coating is overlaid on the resistive conductors and the cylinder and forms a continuous, smooth, outer surface for the fuser roller. A first conductive ring is positioned about one end of the cylinder and a second conductive ring is positioned about a second end of the cylinder. Both the first ring and second ring connect to each of the resistive conductors. A circuit is provided for applying a voltage between the first conductive ring and the second conductive ring to cause a current flow through the resistive conductors and a heating of the hollow cylinder so as to bring its temperature up to a required fusing temperature.

Abstract: Described is a godet (2) for guiding and advancing endless filament yarns, which comprises one or several heating zones along its casing (3), the heat that is applied by the heating elements (7-10) to the godet casing (3) being scanned by a multiple temperature sensor (12), so as to control the temperature of godet casing (3) in zones. In accordance with the invention, the temperature sensor (12) consists of a flat circuit arrangement of resistors and conduction bands, which are enclosed by a coating resistant to even high temperatures. The exposed tapping contacts (18) lead to the outside of godet (2) and are connected, via measuring lines, with an evaluation unit, whereas the temperature sensor (12) itself is attached to the inside surface of the rotatably driven godet casing (3).

Abstract: Disclosed is a heat roller fixing apparatus for performing a thermal fixation onto a sheet by rotating a heat roller. This heat roller fixing apparatus comprises a heat roller including a roller body and a plurality of heating members provided in the roller body and a pressurizing member provided in a face-to-face relationship with the heat roller. This heat roller fixing apparatus has a rotation mechanism for rotating the plurality of heating members along an inner periphery of the roller body and a control unit for drive-controlling the rotation mechanism during a standby status for driving the heating members without rotating the roller body. An unevenness in preheating on the surface of the roller body of the heat roller is thereby prevented.

Abstract: A printing or marking apparatus comprises a movable marking member having at least one marking device thereon, and a stationary heating structure having at least one heating element for maintaining the marking device at an elevated temperature. At least a portion of the stationary heating structure can be exchanged, removed or modified in order to vary the amount of heat applied to the marking device. In a preferred embodiment, the removable portion comprises a tubular heat pipe which extends into a hollow marking roll, and the heat pipe may be provided in different sizes or in segments which can be added or removed as desired. The disclosed apparatus is of particular utility in connection with ink compositions of the type which are solid at normal room temperatures, and which are rendered liquid or flowable at elevated temperatures.

Abstract: A thermal conductive roller for use in copying machines, steam-heated and induction-heated applications includes a ceramic heating layer formed by plasma spraying a ceramic material. Conductive bands are provided for supplying electrical current to portions of the ceramic heating layer. In one embodiment, heat is generated by passing current through a length of the roller between two narrow bands. In a second embodiment, heat is generated by directing current radially from the core of the roller to an outer ground layer through wide bands corresponding to heating zones for the roller. In a third embodiment, the ceramic layer is inside the steel core.

Abstract: A fixing roller device which is capable of dividing the heating area into a plurality of separately heatable different parts both in the circumferential direction of the heater roller, as well as in the direction parallel to the axis of the heater roller. As a result, the heating area can be varied according to various image fixing requirements, as well as for varying initial warm-up requirements. In addition, the temperature of the heating roller can be controlled by varying the density of heating chips or heating elements which are supplied with power within a heated area. Further, temperature control can also be accomplished utilizing a control arrangement based upon the current passing through the heater chips or heater elements, since the current varies with temperature, and thus external temperature sensors for monitoring the temperature of the fixing roller are not required.

Abstract: A heating apparatus includes a heating apparatus including a heating member having a structure in which a combination of a pressure-sensitive conductive switching layer a region of which can be conducted upon being pressed and a heat-generating resistor layer are sandwiched between first and second conductors. Alternatively, a recording apparatus includes a power supply member having a first electrode and a second electrode aligned with the first electrode, and a conductive member which is in slidable contact with the power supply member, wherein a voltage is applied across the first and second electrodes, so that a current flows in the heat-generating resistor layer or the conductive toner image to generate Joule heat, thereby fixing the toner image by using the Joule heat.

Abstract: A fixing apparatus for fixing an image on a record sheet comprises a fixing roller in which a heater is disposed, a pressing roller urged against the fixing roller, heat pipes extending in either one of the fixing and pressing rollers in a longitudinal direction thereof, and a temperature detection / control device for detecting to control a temperature of the fixing roller. In a typical embodiment, the heat pipes are disposed in the fixing roller to extend both through an imaging portion, through which a record sheet passes, and through a non-imaging portion, through which no record sheet passes and the temperature detection / control device has a temperature detection device for detecting a temperature of the fixing roller in contact with the non-imaging portion. The temperature detection / control device is provided with a temperature regulating device for interrupting electricity to the heater when the fixing roller exceeds a predetermined temperature.

Abstract: A heat pipe roller includes a rotatable outer tube having a primary internal chamber for containing a fluid, a heater operable to heat the fluid and hence the tube, and a sensor. The sensor has a movable member which communicates with the primary chamber and is mounted on the tube for rotation therewith, and a fixed member situated in the region of the axis of rotation of the tube and so mounted relative to the tube that rotation of the tube does not rotate the fixed member. The fixed member is adapted to be connected to equipment for measuring an electrical characteristic of the sensor. The arrangement is such that, in use, the movable member moves in response to a temperature change or temperature related physical change in the primary chamber, thereby causing a corresponding change in the electrical characteristic of the sensor.

Abstract: A fusing roller is provided that has multiple pattern groupings of heat elements of different heating capacities located adjacent heat sensors within the fusing roller. The individual heat elements of the same grouping are of the same heating capacity, while individual heat elements not of the same grouping are of different heating capacity. The difference in heating capacity is due to the differences in coil length of the various heat elements. By controlling the flow of current to any one or more groupings of heat elements, a specific fusing temperature range can be applied to designated areas about the peripheral surface of the fuser roller, thereby maintaining these areas of the fusing roller at a desired fusing temperature.

Abstract: A heatable roll, in particular for processing web-like materials, for example paper, which includes a roll body having peripheral passages or bores which are preferably arranged parallel to the axis of the roll body, and at least one, and preferably two, screwed-on flange journals. Heating elements are arranged in the bores which extend in the axial direction parallel to the roll body.

Abstract: A fixing apparatus having an electrically conductive film which moves in contact with a recording material on which a picture image is held, a pressing roller for causing the film to be brought into contact with the recording material, and a plurality of electrodes disposed along a nip between the film and the pressing roller at a position opposing this pressing roller. The electrically conductive film heats up substantially only in the nip as the result of an electrical conductance to this electrode. An image on the recording material is heated and fixed by the heat generated by the electrically conductive film.

Abstract: In a roll with a roll shell or jacket which is rotatable about a support or beam, the inner side of the rotatable roll shell or jacket is heated by means of an induction coil which is operated at high frequency and provided, for example, at a support element. The heating is effected directly at the press or work nip or in the proximity thereof without substantial loss of energy and without the use of a thermo-sensitive hydraulic medium.

Abstract: An image system including an image bearing surface and an intermediate transfer member operative for transfer of liquid toner images from the image bearing surface to a substrate provides for first transfer engagement between the intermediate transfer member and the image bearing surface for transfer of an image from the image bearing surface to the intermediate transfer member at a first pressure, producing deformation of the intermediate transfer member to a first deformation degree. The system provides for second transfer engagement between the intermediate transfer member and the substrate for transfer of the image from the intermediate transfer member to the substrate at a second pressure, producing deformation of the intermediate transfer member to a second deformation degree.

Abstract: A device for fixing a powder image on a receiving support using heat that consists of an image transfer roller internally provided with a first heating element having the same heat-generating power over the entire length of the image transfer roller, and a second heating element which has a higher heat-generating power in the edge zones of the image transfer roller than in the middle zone of the roller, and a pressure roller internally provided with a third heating element which like the second heating element has a higher heat-generating power in the edge zones than in the middle zone. The device may be in a warm-up condition in which the temperature of the rollers is not yet at the working level, stand-by condition in which the temperature is at the working level but in which no fixing is carried out, and a fixing condition in which fixing is carried out. During warm-up, all the heating elements generate the maximum power.

Abstract: A radiant heater for cooking appliances with a glass ceramic plate has both bright light-radiating heating elements such as high temperature halogen lamps emitting substantial radiation in the visible range, and also darker glowing radiating elements operable at lower temperatures and radiating emitted light primarily in the infrared region. The bright visible light radiating element and the darker infrared glowing elements are connected in series with one another, whereby the series resistance of the dark or infrared radiator limits initial current loading, and after the radiant elements reach operating temperatures, the infrared radiant element assumes a reduced portion of the total resistance. The visible light and glowing infrared series-connected elements can be interleaved or the visible element can define a boundary for a cooking element.

Abstract: The present invention is directed toward a controller for controlling the local diameters of a temperature sensitive calender roll by selectively heating sections of a sheet of calenderable material with infrared lamps while the sheet is in contact with the calender roll or before the sheet contacts the roll. The calender roll is made of a material having at least one dimension which responds to changes in temperature. Therefore, thermal expansion of the roll, resulting from contact of the heated sheet with the roll surface, corrects local non-uniformities in the calender roll diameters. If the calender rolls unexpectedly stop or slow down so that the sheet of calenderable material becomes overexposed to infrared radiation, a fire detecting device detects and extinguishes the fire by turning off the infrared heating lamps and flooding the area around the lamps with a fire-extinguishing fluid.

Abstract: The present invention is directed toward a controller for controlling local calender roll diameters by directing temperature controlled fluid against selected slices of a rotating calender roll. The calender roll has a diameter which responds to changes in temperature. Therefore, thermal expansion or contraction, resulting from localized heating or cooling of the calender roll by the temperature controlled fluid, corrects local non-uniformities in the spacing between cooperating calender rolls. The invention conserves energy by recirculating the temperature controlled air.

Abstract: A fixing device includes a first rotatable member and a second rotatable member for gripping and transporting a recording material to fix a material to be fixed having a predetermined electric polarity onto the recording material, the first rotatable member being positioned to be contacted with the face of the recording material bearing the material to be fixed, and the second rotatable member to be contacted with a back face of the recording material, and at least one of the first and second rotatable members having a surface applied with an electrification agent for generating electric charge through friction with recording material for formation of an electrical field for attaching the material to be fixed onto the recording material.

Abstract: There is disclosed a heated roll for the thermal treatment of formed products. It includes a driven hollow shaft and a hollow roll body of a circular-ring-shaped cross section and closed on all sides to accommodate a heat transfer medium. Power supply lines for heating elements as well as electric wires of temperature probes are led through the hollow shaft. In order to provide a heated roll to be used without problems both in the low-temperature range and in the high-temperature range up to about 600.degree. C. and to reach a uniform temperature profile over the total operation surface of the roll outer shell and a long service life of the heat transfer medium, without excessive temperature prevailing at the bearings of the driving shaft, and to provide for an easy repair, the hollow shaft is connected with the roll body by a hub. One or several saline compound(s) or (a) low-melting metal(s) or metal alloy(s) are contained in the interior of the hollow roll body.

Abstract: The outer side surface of the drying cylinder (1) is delimited by a plurality of coaxial rims (2) having the same radius, arranged side by side and separated two by two by an axial space (7), and made of a good heat-conducting material. Each rim (2) is heated and cooled independently from the others by a heating member (8) and a cooling member (11) housed into a subrim (3) surrounding by the rim (2). The heating is provided for example by an electric resistance and the cooling by circulation of cold water, the control being provided by means of remote controlled relays (10). Each rim (2) is rotationally integral with a hub (5) wedged to a drive shaft (6). A comb (26) having teeth (27) engaged into the spaces (7) avoids the winding of material around the cylinder (1) which is in depression conditions in order to favor the heat exchanges by suction of the material against the cylinder (1). Applications to the equipment of dry ends and post dry ends of paper-, cardboard- or other web material machines.

Abstract: A fixing device includes a first rotatable member and a second rotatable member for gripping and transporting a recording material to fix a material to be fixed having a predetermined electric polarity onto the recording material, the first rotatable member being positioned to be contacted with the face of recording material bearing the material to be fixed, and the second rotatable member to be contacted with a back face of the recording material, and at least one of the first and second rotatable members having a surface containing an electrification agent for generating electric charge through friction with the recording material for formation of an electrical field for attaching the material to be fixed onto the recording material.

Abstract: A fixing roller device having a pressure roller and a heating roller as the fixing roller. Heating elements sealed into glass cylinders are located inside the heating roller, parallel to a roller axis. One heating element consists of a coil in a middle zone of the heating roller, while the other heating element has two coils in edge zones of the heating roll. Two temperature sensors are arranged respectively in the middle of the heating roller and near one of the end faces of the heating roller, at a small distance from the heating roller surface, and are connected to a control system which controls the current supply to the heating elements and cuts this supply as soon as the temperatures measured by the temperature sensors reach predetermined intended values.

Abstract: A heatable roll has a plurality of annular, preferably electrical, heating elements (13) distributed internally along the length of the roll body (10,11). A slip-ring arrangement (22) rotating with the roll connects the heating elements with a heating current source (20) located outside the roll. A heating output setting device (9) arranged inside the roll is provided for each heating element and is connected to a signal transmitting arrangement (31 to 34). A control signal is formed for each heating element in a control center (21) located outside the roll, and is supplied to a parallel-serial converter (31). This converter forms one serial signal sequence from the plurality of parallel control signals, and this sequence is supplied, for example by means of slip-rings (22a), to a serial-parallel converter (34) located in the roll. This converter converts the serial signal sequence back again into parallel control signals which are supplied to the individual heating output setting devices.

Abstract: A fixing apparatus for fixing an image on a record sheet .?.comprises.!. .Iadd.includes .Iaddend.a fixing roller in which a heater is disposed, a pressing roller urged against the fixing roller, heat pipes extending in either one of the fixing and pressing rollers in a longitudinal direction thereof, and a temperature detection/control device for detecting .?.to control.!. .Iadd.and controlling .Iaddend.a temperature of the fixing roller. In a typical embodiment, the heat pipes are disposed in the fixing roller to extend both through .?.an imaging portion.!. .Iadd.a sheet passage area.Iaddend., through which a record sheet passes, and through a .?.non-imaging portion.!. .Iadd.sheet non-passage area.Iaddend., through which no record sheet passes and the temperature detection/control device has a temperature detection device for detecting a temperature of the fixing roller in contact with the .?.non-imaging portion.!. .Iadd.sheet non-passage area.Iaddend..