Abstract: A flow heater (100, 200, 300, 400, 500) with a tube arrangement including at least one tube (105, 106, 205, 206, 305, 306, 404, 405, 406) for passing through a fluid to be heated or a plurality of fluids to be heated, and with a heater with a metal jacket, especially with a tubular heating body (102, 202, 302, 402, 502), in which the tubes (105, 106, 205, 206, 304, 305, 306, 404, 405, 406, 505) surround the heater. At least in partial areas of the heater, wall sections (113, 114, 213, 214, 311, 312, 313, 411, 412, 413, 513) of the tube arrangement (105, 106, 205, 206, 304, 305, 306, 404, 405, 406), which wall sections face the heater, are adapted to an outer contour of the heater, which heater may or may not include a heat transport tube (117, 317, 517), so that the wall sections are in flush contact with sections of this outer contour. The tube arrangement (105, 106, 205, 206, 304, 305, 306, 404, 405, 406, 505) is connected together and/or with the heater by a connection device.

Abstract: A staining device for staining samples has a heating device including a first heating element and a second heating element. A switch arrangement allows the two heating elements to be connected in parallel or in series. A power connection supplies power to the heating elements. A sensor is designed and located to detect a current supplied to the heating elements. A switching unit is coupled to the sensor and determines a voltage causing the current. Depending on the voltage, the switching unit connects the heating elements in parallel or in series.

Abstract: An image heating apparatus includes an endless belt; first, second, third and fourth resistors having resistances R1, R2, R3 and R4, arranged in this order from an upstream side in a feeding direction of the recording material, and R1=R2 and R3=R4. The connection state of the resistors is switchable between a first state in which the first and second resistors are connected in parallel, the third and fourth resistors are connected in parallel, and a set of the first and second resistors and a set of the third and fourth resistors are connected in parallel, and a second state in which the first resistor second resistors are connected in series, the third and fourth resistors are connected in series, and a set of the first and second resistors and a set of the third and fourth resistors are connected in parallel.

Abstract: A system for shifting energy demand from on-peak time windows to off-peak time windows by using hot water heater load shifting, while providing the end user with the level of service (i.e., availability of hot water) according to the user's customary use described by service quality criteria. The shift is accomplished by a controller located at the end user establishment and in communication with a central control server. The controller monitors local water heater upper and/or lower temperature and controls upper and/or lower water heater heating elements in accordance with a demand shift process commanded by the central control server. The controller may determine usage and remaining capacity for reporting back to the central control server. A volumetric capacity and usage determination is disclosed. The control server may select water heaters according to use patterns and/or measured capacity.

Abstract: A power control device includes a priority setting section capable of setting a use priority of a home appliance connected wirelessly or via cable or an adapter connected to the home appliance. The home appliance or the adaptor connected to the home appliance operates within the usable power of a result of the inquiry to the power control device. When there is no excess in usable power over the required power in the inquiry, the power control device reduces the power of a device having a lower priority than the device which has transmitted the inquiry in order to use the device with the higher priority.

Abstract: The heater is capable of improving heat generation uniformity in a sheet feeding area while suppressing the temperature rise of a non-sheet feeding portion. Each of heat generation lines includes a plurality of heat blocks in which a plurality of heat generating resistors are electrically connected in parallel between two conductive members. The heat generation lines are arranged in a lateral direction of the substrate, and the heat blocks are arranged so that the end of the heat block in the heat generation line of a first row does not overlap with the end of the heat block in the heat generation line of a second row in a longitudinal direction of a heater.

Abstract: A countertop multi-function oven has a baking and a toasting mode. The oven has, in vertical arrangement, a first rotating time selection dial and second rotating temperature selection dial and graphic display area. The graphic area has a function selection indictor as well as first and second alphanumeric portions. In a toasting mode, one of the input dials is used to select a toasting load and the other input dial is used to select a toasting darkness.

Abstract: A heating control unit, including a controller housing is provided. The heating control unit includes a microcontroller arranged within the controller housing, with the microcontroller being configured to generate a control signal for a heater and to output the control signal via a control line to the heater. The heating control unit also includes a temperature sensor arranged within the controller housing and coupled to the microcontroller. An active sensor surface of the temperature sensor forms at least part of an outer surface of the controller housing.

Abstract: A heating plate for a substrate support assembly in a semiconductor plasma processing apparatus, comprises multiple independently controllable planar heater zones arranged in a scalable multiplexing layout, and electronics to independently control and power the planar heater zones. Each planar heater zone includes one or more heater element made of an insulator-conductor composite. A substrate support assembly in which the heating plate is incorporated includes an electrostatic clamping electrode and a temperature controlled base plate. Methods for manufacturing the heating plate include bonding together ceramic having planar heater zones, power supply lines, power return lines and vias.

Abstract: A control circuit and associated method for dynamically controlling power to one or more heating elements are provided. A power source supplies power to a load through one or more current pass elements, which is controlled by a control signal. A processor determines a time period (T) having a time cycle beginning at Ton and a Time cycle end at Toff, where the Time cycle end is less than the time period (T), variable, and generates the control signal or signals each time period (T), thereby electrically connecting the power source to the load and the current sensing element each time period (T) to dispense precisely predetermined quantities of energy per pulse.

Abstract: A dual primary deicing system for a rotary-wing aircraft, according to an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure includes, among other things, an electrothermal heating element system; and a controller in communication with said electrothermal heating element, said controller communicating a heating cycle to said electrothermal heating element system, said heating cycle defining a first electric pulse train associated with a main rotor blade assembly.

Abstract: A heater control device includes a current calculating unit (20) which calculates a third value of current based on a first value of current flowing through a first PTC element of a first PTC heater which is in an energized state and a second value of current estimated to flow through a second PTC element of a second PTC heater which is to be newly put into an energized state next, and a switching control unit (21) which maintains a non-energized state of the second PTC element of the second PTC heater until it is determined that the third value of current calculated by the current calculating unit (20) is less than a predetermined maximum allowable value of current and puts the second PTC element of the second PTC heater into an energized state when the third value of current is less than the predetermined maximum allowable value of current.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electric heating comprising at least one first resistance heating device and a second resistance heating device, at least one pulse width modulation device, which is capable of a pulse width modulated operation of the first resistance heating device and/or the second resistance heating device, as well as at least one switching device. For a heating operation, the switching device is capable of selectively switching the first resistance heating device and the second resistance heating device between a first heating mode in which the first resistance heating device and the second resistance heating device are electrically connected in series, and a second heating mode in which the first resistance heating device and the second resistance heating device are electrically connected in parallel. The invention further relates to a vehicle comprising an electric heating as well as to a method for controlling an electric heating.

Abstract: A method for controlling a plurality of heaters of a heating system is disclosed. The method may generally include generating control commands for turning on the plurality of heaters during a time period, determining which electrical phase is powering each heater of the plurality of heaters and staggering execution of the control commands across the time period for two or more of the heaters powered by the same electrical phase.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are described for providing top heat to assist with baking in an oven appliance having a gas bake burner. The top heat is provided by a heating element positioned in the top of the oven cavity. This top heating element is operated in a manner that assists the bottom, gas bake burner with properly browning the food on both its top and bottom. The operation of the both the top heating element and the gas bake burner can be varied to provide proper cooking and browning based upon e.g., the type of food being cooked, the amount of food being cooked, and the level of browning desired.

Abstract: An ice protection system comprises deicing zones each including an envelope defining an ice-protection area. Adjacent envelopes have spanwise edge regions flanking shared interzone borders. The edge regions are provided with nonlinear contours having features which project-and-recess in a direction generally parallel to the airstream direction.

Abstract: A heater for heating an aerosol-forming substrate includes a plurality of elongate heating elements arranged in an elongate array. The elongate array has a support end with a first dimension, a heating end with a second dimension and a middle portion with a third dimension. The array is arranged to heat the substrate to form an aerosol. The third dimension is greater than the first dimension and greater than the second dimension. An electrically heated aerosol generating system can include the heater.

Abstract: A heating plate for a substrate support assembly in a semiconductor plasma processing apparatus, comprises multiple independently controllable planar heater zones arranged in a scalable multiplexing layout, and electronics to independently control and power the planar heater zones. Each planar heater zone includes one or more heater elements made of an insulator-conductor composite. A substrate support assembly in which the heating plate is incorporated includes an electrostatic clamping electrode and a temperature controlled base plate. Methods for manufacturing the heating plate include bonding together ceramic sheets having planar heater zones, power supply lines, power return lines and vias.

Abstract: According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a system for reducing peak power consumption in an electromechanically controlled cooking appliance is provided. The system comprises a surface heating unit comprising at least one duty cycle controlled surface heating element, a temperature controlled oven heating element, a controller configured to receive and process utility state signals indicative of the operating state of an associated utility, and a switch responsive to the controller, switchable between a first state and a second state for selectively coupling the oven heating element to a first relatively high voltage power supply and a second relatively low voltage power supply respectively. The controller is configured to switch the switch to the first and second states as a function of the utility state signal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for performing an automatic cooking process in an oven, wherein the oven is in a preheated state with a first starting temperature (T0) in the beginning of said automatic cooking process. The method includes the following steps of switching off at least one heating element during a cooling down period (10) and finishing the cooling down period (10) after a cooling down time (tcd), when a predetermined first end temperature (T1) has been reached. The cooling down time (tcd) is detected. The method includes the further steps of switching on at least one heating element during a heating up period (12) and finishing the heating up period (12) after a heating up time (thu) and/or when a predetermined second end temperature (T3) has been reached. A mathematical function (14) including the cooling down time (tcd) and the heating up time (thu) is used in order to determine further parameters of the cooking process.

Abstract: A liquid heating system includes an electric current controller, a first container, and a second container. The first container includes a first liquid and a first electric heating system. The second container includes a second liquid and a second electric heating system. The electric current controller is connected to the first electric heating system and to the second electric heating system. The electric current controller is configured to automatically alternate between providing electric current to the first electric heating system and to the second electric heating system such that when the electric current controller is providing the current to the first electric heating system the electric current controller provides no electric current to the second electric heating system and when the electric current controller is providing the current to the second electric heating system the electric current controller provides no electric current to the first electric heating system.

Abstract: Flash lamps connected to short-pulse circuits and flash lamps connected to long-pulse circuits are alternately arranged in a line. The duration of light emission from the flash lamps connected to the long-pulse circuits is longer than the duration of light emission from the flash lamps connected to the short-pulse circuits. A superimposing of a flash of light with a high peak intensity from the flash lamps that emit light for a short time and a flash of light with a gentle peak from the flash lamps that emit light for a long time can increase the temperature of even a deep portion of a substrate to an activation temperature or more without heating a shallow portion near the substrate surface more than necessary. This achieves the activation of deep junctions without causing substrate warpage or cracking.

Abstract: An output-history storing unit stores past and present measurement data input to a measurement-data input unit while distinguishing the measurement data for each of output sources. An output-fluctuation monitoring unit monitors, based on the measurement data stored in the output-history storing unit, output fluctuation in each of the output sources. An output control unit separately controls, based on the output fluctuation monitored by the output-fluctuation monitoring unit, outputs from the output sources.

Abstract: The invention provides a method and a device for heating an electronic component and an electronic apparatus using the method/device. A heater is disposed at the electronic component. The heating method includes following steps: driving the heater according to a duty ratio by using electrical energy of a power module. If the output voltage of the power module is greater than a first threshold, set the duty ratio as a first ratio. If the output voltage of the power module is less than a second threshold, set the duty ratio as a second ratio. If the output voltage of the power module is between the first threshold and the second threshold, adjust the duty ratio so that the difference between the output voltage of the power module and the second threshold is positively proportional to the duty ratio.

Abstract: An electrothermal transfer device includes a substrate, a plurality of electrothermal components and a heating circuit. The electrothermal components are disposed on a surface of the substrate and arranged in a pattern. The heating circuit is electrically connected to the electrothermal components. In an electrothermal transfer method, at first, a transfer substrate is disposed on a workpiece substrate. Then, the electrothermal transfer device is disposed on the transfer substrate so that the electrothermal components contact with the transfer substrate. Thereafter, the heating circuit is used to heat the electrothermal transfer components so that the transfer substrate is heated to be transferred to the workpiece substrate. The electrothermal transfer device and the electrothermal transfer method can reduce cost.

Abstract: Disclosed is a heat treatment apparatus for performing a heat treatment on an object to-be-processed by a heater, which can inhibit variation in thermal histories among the objects to-be-processed. The heat treatment apparatus includes, among others, a correction part to correct a power control signal output from an adjusting unit so that a conduction rate of an AC voltage applied to a heater is decreased. Specifically, the correction is performed based on a value obtained by multiplying a first correction value with a second correction value, where the first correction value is generated according to a ratio of the voltage detection value of AC power source to a predetermined reference voltage, and the second correction value is generated according to a ratio of the resistance value of the heater to a predetermined reference resistance value.

Abstract: A household range includes a first oven having a first electric cooking element, and a second oven includes a second electric cooking element. A power management system is used to distribute power such that when the second electric cooking element is energized the first electric cooking element is de-energized.

Abstract: A cooking appliance including a plurality of separately controlled cooking areas, a first heating element positioned below one of the plurality of separately controlled cooking areas, a second heating element positioned below the same separately controlled cooking area as the first heating element, and an infinite switch electrically coupled with the first heating element and operable to energize the first heating element to supply heat to the separately controlled cooking area when the infinite switch is located at a first position. The switch has an operational tolerance, and the first heating element is sized such that the separately controlled cooking area is maintained below a target cooking temperature when the infinite switch is located at the first position and is operating at an upper limit of the operational tolerance.

Abstract: A light emitting type heat treatment apparatus includes relatively low rated power density filament lamps and relatively high rated power density filament lamps, in which a heat treatment including a temperature raising heat process for raising a work piece quickly to a predetermined heat treatment temperature by light emitted from the filament lamps, and a constant temperature heating process succeeding the temperature raising heating process in which the work piece is heated while the predetermined heat treatment temperature is maintained, and a control unit which controls lighting state of the filament lamps so that while at least filament lamps with relatively high rated power density are lighted in the temperature raising heating process, in the constant temperature heating process, only filament lamps with relatively low rated power density are lighted.

Abstract: Method for heating at least one component of an SCR system using several resistive heating elements, according to which these heating elements are fed in parallel by a current source and according to which a current sensor is placed in series with the current source and all the resistors, which are connected in parallel.

Abstract: A cooking appliance and method of operating the same is disclosed. The method includes energizing each of a first heating element, a second heating element, and a third heating element to a maximum power level to supply heat to a separately controlled cooking area, maintaining the second heating element at the maximum power level after a predetermined time interval has elapsed, and selectively energizing the first heating element and the third heating element to the maximum power level after the predetermined time interval has elapsed.

Abstract: A cooking appliance has a cooktop including a plurality of separately controlled cooking areas. A first heating element and a second heating element are positioned below one of the separately controlled cooking areas. A control switch is coupled to the first heating element and the second heating element and is operable to selectively energize the first heating element and the second heating element.

Abstract: Apparatus for and methods of rethermalizing a package of refrigerated or frozen food are disclosed. In general, heating mechanisms are brought into conductive heat transfer contact with the package of food and operated for a duration of rethermalization time to rethermalize the package of food by heating the food to a rethermalized temperature, and then, if desired, to hold the rethermalized package of food at a desired holding temperature for a duration of holding time. The rethermalization time can be relatively short (e.g., thirty minutes or less), and the holding time can range from a very short period of time to a very long period of time (e.g., four, six, eight or more hours) without significant loss of food quality. Other features of the apparatus and methods are disclosed.

Abstract: In the present invention, temperature drop amounts of heating plate regions when the substrate is mounted on a heating plate are detected to detect a warped state of the substrate. From the temperature drop amounts of the heating plate regions, correction values for set temperatures of the heating plate regions are calculated. The calculation of the correction values for the set temperatures of the heating plate regions is performed by estimating steady temperatures within the substrate to be heat-processed on the heating plate from the temperature drop amounts of the heating plate regions using a correlation obtained in advance. From the estimated steady temperatures within the substrate and the temperature drop amounts of the heating regions, the correction values for the set temperatures of the heating plate regions are calculated. Based on the correction values for the set temperatures, the set temperatures of the heating plate regions are changed.

Abstract: A product warming apparatus with at least one product holding container having a bottom surface. An enclosure includes at least one opening configured to receive the product holding container. A heat radiating plate is provided in thermal communication with and configured to receive heat from a heating element. The heat radiating plate includes a top surface disposed adjacent the bottom surface of the product holding container with the top surface of the heat radiating plate being spaced apart from the bottom surface of the product holding container to define a gap therebetween. A thermostatic controller is in thermal communication with the heat radiating plate for controlling a flow of heat to the heat radiating plate.

Abstract: A beverage brewer (10) with a temperature selectable dispense system having an on-demand hot water heating chamber assembly (30) with a hot water chamber body (86) having a volume substantially less than the volume of beverage brewed during a single brew cycle, a heating element (98) to quickly and substantially alter the water temperature in the chamber body during a single brew cycle and a microprocessor controller (38) for controlling the heating element in response to temperature sensors (40, 42). The controller (38) controls the brewer (10) to brew different types of beverages, with dispense water at different preselected temperatures in response to a manually actuatable switch (72, 74, 76 and 78). The temperature of the dispense water may also be changed from a hotter temperature at the beginning of a brew cycle to a lower temperature during an end portion of the same brew cycle.

Abstract: A thermal type flow sensor measures a flow rate of a fluid by means of a heat resistive element having a temperature dependency. The sensor is comprised of: plural heat resistive elements used for a flow rate measurement; and a driver circuit for controlling a current applied to these heat resistive elements to cause their heating. The driver circuit is configured to sense a resistance change of a lower-temperature side heat resistive element among the plural heat resistive elements and to control the current to be applied to the plural heat resistive elements in accordance with a sensed value of the lower-resistance's variation.

Abstract: In an embodiment an apparatus for coating a substrate comprises: an array of plasma arcs; a first plurality of reagent manifolds located upstream of the array of plasma arcs and a second plurality of reagent manifolds located downstream of the array of plasma arcs, each manifold having at least one orifice through which a reagent is ejected into a plasma jet issuing from a respective plasma arc; and a controller which modulates the flow of reagent to each manifold according to the contours of the substrate and to the substrate position relative to the plasma arcs and the manifolds.

Abstract: A system for shifting energy demand from on-peak time windows to off-peak time windows by using hot water heater load shifting, while providing the end user with the level of service (i.e., availability of hot water) according to the user's customary use described by service quality criteria. The shift is accomplished by a controller located at the end user establishment and in communication with a central control server. The controller monitors local water heater upper and/or lower temperature and controls upper and/or lower water heater heating elements in accordance with a demand shift process commanded by the central control server. The controller may determine usage and remaining capacity for reporting back to the central control server. A volumetric capacity and usage determination is disclosed. The control server may select water heaters according to use patterns and/or measured capacity.

Abstract: Flash lamps connected to short-pulse circuits and flash lamps connected to long-pulse circuits are alternately arranged in a line. The duration of light emission from the flash lamps connected to the long-pulse circuits is longer than the duration of light emission from the flash lamps connected to the short-pulse circuits. A superimposing of a flash of light with a high peak intensity from the flash lamps that emit light for a short time and a flash of light with a gentle peak from the flash lamps that emit light for a long time can increase the temperature of even a deep portion of a substrate to an activation temperature or more without heating a shallow portion near the substrate surface more than necessary. This achieves the activation of deep junctions without causing substrate warpage or cracking.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for performing an automatic cooking process in an oven, wherein the oven is in a preheated state with a first starting temperature (T0) in the beginning of said automatic cooking process. The method includes the following steps of switching off at least one heating element during a cooling down period (10) and finishing the cooling down period (10) after a cooling down time (tcd), when a predetermined first end temperature (T1) has been reached. The cooling down time (tcd) is detected. The method includes the further steps of switching on at least one heating element during a heating up period (12) and finishing the heating up period (12) after a heating up time (thu) and/or when a predetermined second end temperature (T3) has been reached. A mathematical function (14) including the cooling down time (tcd) and the heating up time (thu) is used in order to determine further parameters of the cooking process.

Abstract: A heating apparatus assembly and method are provided for heating a surface. The heating apparatus contains a substrate with a multiplicity of heating elements disposed upon at least one surface of the substrate where each element is individually controllable.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein relate generally to the field of outerwear, and more particularly to a heat management system configured to provide heat to one or more predetermined regions or zones, such as the upper or lower body, torso, chest, back, neck, arms, shoulders, wrists/cuffs, hands, fingers, feet, toes, and the like. In various embodiments, these heating zones may be controlled by an actuator switch and control electronics that may allow individual heating zones to be actuated alone or in combination, and in some embodiments, in a predetermined sequence. Some embodiments of the actuator switch may include color-coded lighting elements that may indicate the current temperature, zone activation, heating program, and the like.

Abstract: A electric oven is provided that includes a body, a cooking chamber located within the body for receiving food, the cooking chamber having an upper surface, a lower surface, and a rear surface joining the upper surface to the lower surface, at least one of a convection heater located at the rear surface of the cooking chamber and a bake heater located at the lower surface of the cooking chamber, and at least two broil heaters located at the upper surface of the cooking chamber, each of the at least two broil heaters being individually operable. Methods for preheating the electric oven are also provided.

Abstract: A liquid heating system includes an electric current controller, a first container, and a second container. The first container includes a first liquid and a first electric heating system. The second container includes a second liquid and a second electric heating system. The electric current controller is connected to the first electric heating system and to the second electric heating system. The electric current controller is configured to automatically alternate between providing electric current to the first electric heating system and to the second electric heating system such that when the electric current controller is providing the current to the first electric heating system the electric current controller provides no electric current to the second electric heating system and when the electric current controller is providing the current to the second electric heating system the electric current controller provides no electric current to the first electric heating system.

Abstract: A staining device for staining samples has a heating device including a first heating element and a second heating element. A switch arrangement allows the two heating elements to be connected in parallel or in series. A power connection supplies power to the heating elements. A sensor is designed and located to detect a current supplied to the heating elements. A switching unit is coupled to the sensor and determines a voltage causing the current. Depending on the voltage, the switching unit connects the heating elements in parallel or in series.

Abstract: The present invention provides a heating apparatus for heating objects to be processed, which can detect a temperature of the objects to be processed with higher precision and accuracy, thereby to achieve higher precision temperature control. A heating apparatus 2 includes a processing vessel 8 configured to contain therein a plurality of objects W to be processed, the objects W including objects 58a to 58e to be processed for temperature measurement, each object 58a to 58e having each corresponding elastic wave element 60a to 60e, a heating means 10 adapted for heating the objects W to be processed, and a holding means 22 adapted to hold the objects W to be processed. To the processing vessel 8, a transmitter antenna 52 adapted to transmit an electric wave for measurement toward each elastic wave element 60a to 60e, and a receiver antenna 52 adapted to receive an electric wave having a frequency corresponding to the temperature and generated from each elastic wave element 60a to 60e are provided.

Abstract: A control panel used in combination with a power unit to control the operation of a sauna. The control panel is equipped with a microprocessor that has software and proper circuitry to allow a user to use buttons to input information into the control panel regarding the time, temperature, and day on which heating within the sauna is to occur. Additionally, the power unit has a microprocessor with a pulse width modulation output that causes individual heating elements to continuously produce varying intensities of heat in order to maintain a consistent desired temperature, and/or intermittently radiate heat creating a wave of heat to be emitted by each individual heating element.

Abstract: A steam cooker includes one or more cooking chamber having an access door. A steam generator unit is provided for heating water to generate steam. The steam generator unit may be connected for selective delivery of steam to one or more multiple cooking chambers. In some embodiments, a steam superheater is provided with a superheating chamber and a delime operation is used to delime the superheater chamber. In some embodiments, the steam generator includes an air flow passageway with a valve that controls passage of air through the air flow passageway into and out of the steam generator during steam generator drain and/or fill operations.

Abstract: An evaporation device is disclosed for evaporating volatile substances such as insecticides and aromatics of a type having a housing containing a heating block with a heating element, a container for a volatile substance to be evaporated, a wick having a wick end protruding out of the container into a wick opening in the heating block, a switching device for the activation and deactivation of the heating device, and an adjusting device for the adjustment of the degree of evaporation. Preferably, two heating elements with different heating capacity are carried by the heating block. The heating elements are operatively connected to the switching device to adjust the heat output of the heating device and the degree of evaporation of the volatile substance.