Abstract: An analytical furnace includes a predictive temperature control which is trained to model crucible temperature during analysis by employing a pair of temperature sensors, with one sensor being mounted in the furnace in fixed relationship and a second sensor which can be positioned within a crucible for training and tuning a crucible temperature profile, such that the crucible temperature in which a sample is placed is modeled and its response to the application of energy to the furnace in accordance with the furnace's dynamic thermal characteristics is known. By modeling the temperature profile within a crucible, the furnace can be controlled to provide a faster, more accurate analysis and prevent excessive overshooting of temperature as desired temperature plateaus are approached.

Abstract: A layered sensor element used in a gas measuring sensor for measuring a physical property of a measuring gas, preferably for determining the temperature of the measuring gas or the concentration of a component of the measuring gas. The sensor element contains a wave-form heater, which is embedded in a porous heater insulation. At least one separating element having a lower porosity than the porous heater insulation is provided between two adjacent sections of the wave-form heater.

Abstract: A redundant control circuit comprises a pair of heater circuits for heating a hot melt adhesive hose assembly to a predetermined temperature level, and a pair of temperature sensors which are used to sense the temperature of the hot melt adhesive hose assembly and to control energization of the heater circuits in order to maintain the desired temperature level. A first one of the heater circuits would initially be electrically connected to the hot melt adhesive hose assembly electrical circuitry, and in a similar manner, a first one of the temperature sensors would likewise be electrically connected to the hot melt adhesive hose assembly electrical circuitry.

Abstract: A thermostat is provided comprising a first connector for connecting to an air conditioner, a second connector for connecting to either a conventional heater or a heat pump reversing valve, and a selection means for selecting from at least a first mode of operation and a second mode of operation. The first mode of operation is configured to establish cooling by providing an on signal to the first connector and to establish heating by providing an on signal to the second connector. The second mode of operation is configured to establish cooling by providing an on signal to the first and second connectors, and heating by providing an on signal to the first connector but not the second connector. When the second mode is selected and the second connector is connected to conventional heating, the thermostat detects when both the conventional heating and air conditioning are operating simultaneously during cooling.

Abstract: The heat blanket (10) comprises an operative unit (20) and a control/power supply unit (40) which can be electrically connected on one side to the power mains and on the other side to the operative unit (20). The operative unit (20) comprises a foldable sheet (21) and a linear heating element (22) distributed in the sheet (21), with a first and second conductor extending one along the other, separated by a first electrically insulating material and enclosed by a second electrically insulating material; the first and second conductor are electrically connected to the control/power supply unit (40) and have respective first terminals inside the panel which are connected together. The control/power supply unit (40) comprises a power supply group (41) for the heating element (22), intended for the connection to the electric mains, and a microprocessor configured to control the power supply for the heating element (22).

Abstract: The resistance of an oxygen sensor heating element is estimated by modeling the effects of physical and electrical heating on the resistance of the heating element lead-in conductors, and subtracting the lead-in conductor resistance from a measure of the heating circuit resistance. The lead-in conductor resistance model is based on the temperature of the oxygen sensor boss and the current carried by the lead-in conductors. The heating element temperature is calculated from the determined heating element resistance and initial (cold-start) parameters of the heating circuit.

Abstract: A water heater having a powered electrode and a method of controlling the water heater. The water heater includes a tank to hold water, a heating element, an electrode, and a control circuit. The control circuit includes a variable voltage supply, a voltage sensor, and a current sensor. The control circuit is configured to controllably apply a voltage to the electrode, determine the potential of the electrode relative to the tank with the voltage sensor when the voltage does not power the electrode, determine a current applied to the tank after the voltage powers the electrode, determine a conductivity state of the water in the tank based on the electrode potential and the current, and define the voltage applied to the powered electrode based on the conductivity state. The control circuit of the water heater can also determine whether the water heater is in a dry-fire state.

Abstract: A washing water inlet for receiving washing water is provided on an upper surface at one end of a case main body in a fluid heating device, and a washing water outlet for feeding heated washing water to a pump is provided on an upper surface at the other end of the case main body. A linear sheathed heater is arranged so as to penetrate the case main body. A spring is spirally wound around an outer peripheral surface of the sheathed heater. An outer peripheral surface of the sheathed heater, the spring, and an inner peripheral surface of the case main body form a flow path. The flow path is formed in a spiral shape with the length of the case main body used as its axis.

Abstract: A method for temperature measurement in a household appliance includes generating a high-frequency electromagnetic excitation wave of a predefined transmit frequency. The transmit frequency is selected from a frequency band including temperature-dependent resonant frequencies that occur in a surface wave device incorporated in a temperature measuring probe and which respectively correspond to temperatures expected at the temperature measuring probe during operation of the household appliance. During a first phase, the excitation wave is wirelessly transmitting to the surface wave device. During a second phase following the first phase, an electromagnetic response wave generated by the excitation wave in the surface wave device is wirelessly transmitting to a processing unit.

Abstract: A switching power supply includes a sensor for detecting that the output level of the switching power supply has exceeded a rated output level, and a memory that stores data for estimating temperature change of a heat-producing component during a period in which the output level is higher than the rated output level. The data is differentiation data of a curve that represents temperature change characteristics of the heat-producing component. An estimated temperature of the heat-producing component is computed based on the time elapsed from when the output level of the switching power supply exceeds the rated output level and the differentiation data. When the estimated temperature of the heat-producing component reaches an upper threshold temperature, a switching element is deactivated.

Abstract: A method for multi-step temperature control of a substrate includes selecting a first set-point temperature and a second set-point temperature for the substrate, and selecting a first PID parameter set including a first proportional constant KP1, a first integral constant KI1 and a first derivative constant KD1, and selecting a second PID parameter set including a second proportional constant KP2, a second integral constant KI2 and a second derivative constant KD2. The substrate is placed on a substrate holder, the temperature of the substrate is adjusted to the first set-point temperature and the substrate is processed for a first period of time at the first set-point temperature.

Abstract: A new 12 volts direct current (DC) water heater, air maker designs for military vehicles or heavy vehicles; the new unit converts a direct current (DC) from a battery unit and an alternator to an electrical power in a form of Watt or heat energy source uses for heating water for personal use. It also is a new water heater for under ground project, future home, or an air maker to create new oxygen and new hydrogen from water to breath. The new unit has a cylindrical alloy sealed unit or a heat-transferring unit, use for conducting and storing more heat energy in many alloy plates between many thin air gap paths, a process of transferring heat energy occur when water passing through an input port to an output port. The new unit also has an electronic control unit for monitoring and controlling functions of temperatures, safety, and duty cycle of glow plugs.

Abstract: A control for an electric water heater detects a condition of a heating element when the heating element is not being energized. A switching module is operable to interrupt power to the heating element, which de-energizes the heating element. A detector module detects the condition of the heating element when the heating element is de-energized. The detector module senses current flowing through the heating element and generates a detection signal that is indicative of the current.

Abstract: Systems, apparatuses and methods for vapor phase fluid delivery to a desired end use are provided, wherein the conditions of the system are monitored to determine when the water concentration or supply vessel surface temperature exceeds a specified value or when the low vapor pressure fluid pressure falls below a specified value for the purpose of removing a first supply vessel from service by discontinuing vapor flow from the first supply vessel and initiating vapor flow from a second supply vessel.

Abstract: An electronic control circuit, for use in connection a hot melt adhesive dispensing system having a relatively large applicator head, has a plurality of heater circuits and a plurality of temperature sensors disposed upon different regions of the relatively large applicator head, wherein the electronic control circuitry can effectively interface between the plurality of heater circuits and the plurality of temperature sensors, and the adhesive supply unit (ASU) hose and head connector, so as to control individual ones of the plurality of heater circuits and thereby ensure that all of the heater circuits will maintain the same temperature setting throughout all regions of the applicator head.

Abstract: A heater including a plate-shaped substrate having a heating surface for heating an object and a heater element provided in the substrate or on its surface. A central axis C2 of a circumscribed circle of the heater element and a central axis C1 of the substrate are not on the same axis and a gap exists between the axes. When manufacturing the heater, a central axis C1 of a resistant heater is specified, thermal uniformity of the heating surface of a preliminary substrate is evaluated, and a central axis C2 of the substrate is specified. The central axis C2 is specified at a position where the thermal uniformity of the heating surface is superior to a case where the central axis C2 of the substrate is located on the central axis C1. Then a substrate having the central axis C2 is formed by subjecting the preliminary substrate to grinding processing.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a circuit arrangement for preventing overheating of a cooking appliance. The arrangement includes a power circuit with a heating element and a control circuit with a coupling switch. The control circuit and the power circuit are coupled by the coupling switch. The arrangement further includes a safety switch to the control circuit. The coupling switch interrupts a power supply to the power circuit to the heating element when a limiting temperature in the cooking appliance is exceeded.

Abstract: The invention relates to a power supply for electrical domestic appliances, comprising: at least one connection to the mains electricity supply, and at least one connector for releasable electrical coupling of the power supply to a domestic appliance, wherein the power supply is also provided with measuring and control means for controlling a feed signal generated by the power supply by means of at least one control signal transmitted by a coupled domestic appliance. The invention also relates to a domestic appliance for co-action with such a power supply.

Abstract: An apparatus for monitoring the operation of a heating element moving periodically along a predefined path includes first and second sensors positioned adjacent the path of the heating element. The first sensor is configured to sense the presence of the heating element proximate to the second sensor, and the second sensor is configured to sense a temperature associated with the heating element as is passes by the second sensor. A controller receives signals from the first and second sensors and performs a control function such as indicating when the temperature sensed by the second sensor fall outside a predetermined range.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a main power supply section, an auxiliary power supply section, a plurality of sensors, and a power control section. The sensors are disposed at a plurality of positions. The sensors change output levels thereof upon detection of a user's operation for initiating an image forming process. The power control section switches the apparatus from a normal operation mode to the power-saving operation mode after a predetermined time period during which no image forming process is performed. The power control section detects the respective output levels of the sensors through sequential power supply from the auxiliary power supply section to the sensors. The power control section switches the apparatus to the normal operation mode upon detection of a change in output level of either one of the sensors.

Abstract: An integrated circuit is adapted for heating a chamber, and includes a control module operable so as to generate a control signal according to a desired temperature, and a heater connected electrically to the control module for heating the chamber in accordance with the control signal from the control module so as to maintain the temperature in the chamber at the desired temperature. A heating control circuit and an electronic device including the heating control circuit are also disclosed.

Abstract: Semiconductor wafers are processed in conjunction with a manufacturing execution system using a run-to-run controller and a fault detection system. A recipe is received from the manufacturing execution system by the run-to-run controller for controlling a tool. The recipe includes a setpoint for obtaining one or more target wafer properties. Processing of the wafers is monitored by measuring processing attributes including fault conditions and wafer properties using the fault detection system and one or more sensors. Setpoints of the recipe may be modified at the run-to-run controller according to the processing attributes to maintain the target wafer properties, except in cases when a fault condition is detected by the fault detection system. Thus, data acquired in the presence of tool or wafer fault conditions are not used for feedback purposes. In addition, fault detection models may be used to define a range of conditions indicative of a fault condition.

Abstract: A redundant control circuit comprises a pair of heater circuits for heating a hot melt adhesive hose assembly to a predetermined temperature level, and a pair of temperature sensors which are used to sense the temperature of the hot melt adhesive hose assembly and to control energization of the heater circuits in order to maintain the desired temperature level. A first one of the heater circuits would initially be electrically connected to the hot melt adhesive hose assembly electrical circuitry, and in a similar manner, a first one of the temperature sensors would likewise be electrically connected to the hot melt adhesive hose assembly electrical circuitry.

Abstract: Method and control device for operating an oven. The control device comprises an operating panel which is substantially flat and sealed. One or more touch-sensitive regions of the panel define electronic on/off switches and an electronic rotary switch. Processing means connected to the rotary switch are suitable for detecting a property of a movement by a finger over at least a portion of a round path defined by the rotary switch. The property may be that of standstill, distance covered, speed and acceleration of the movement. The rotary switch provides the user with the possibility of running through selection options, shown on the display means, for recipes for the operation of the oven hygienically, quickly, easily and with a high resolution, of altering values for selection options and of monitoring the progress of the operation of the oven according to a selected recipe.

Abstract: A heater lamp control apparatus and method of detecting an input AC voltage and providing a pulse signal corresponding thereto, includes an AC voltage phase detection unit to detect a phase of the inputted AC voltage when a magnitude of the inputted AC voltage is over a predetermined level. The heater lamp control apparatus also includes a pulse signal generation unit to generate a pulse reference signal based on a result of the detection, a pulse delay signal that is phase-delayed, and a heater lamp control pulse signal based on a result of the comparison of the magnitudes of the pulse reference signal and the pulse delay signal. The heater lamp control pulse signal includes a control unit to control a drive-timing of the heater lamp based on the heater lamp control pulse signal. Thus, the heater lamp control apparatus minimizes a flickering phenomenon as well as an amount of electric power consumed in a heater lamp.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a cooking apparatus and cooking system which allows a user to change cooking information that is suitable to the preferences of the user and the amount of food when cooking food using automatic cooking information, and a cooking control method using the same. The cooking apparatus using automatic cooking information includes an automatic cooking information acquisition unit for acquiring the automatic cooking information; an automatic cooking information change unit for allowing a user to change the acquired automatic cooking information; and a control unit for controlling a series of cooking operations on the basis of the changed cooking information.

Abstract: A circuit arrangement is provided for protecting from overheating a heating element whose resistance value is a function of its temperature. The circuit arrangement includes a power supply, a switch, and a switch control circuit, a current sensor providing a signal proportional to the current flowing through the heating element, and a first scaling device whose output provides a signal proportional to the supply voltage of the heating element. An evaluation circuit compares the difference signal determined by a first detector having an output that provides a difference signal formed from the signals of the current sensor and the first scaling device with a reference signal and the switch control circuit can be switched from a conducting state when the switch control circuit is in a first state to a non-conducting state when the switch control circuit is in a second state.

Abstract: There is provided a control device for a glow plug, capable of controlling the energization of a resistance heater of the glow plug by a resistance control process while attaining good resistance control response under cooling of the heater by fuel injection and combustion gas and thereby stably controlling the amount of heat generated by the heater. The resistance heater includes a resistive heating element having a ratio of electrical resistance R1000 at 1000° C. to electrical resistance R20 at 20° C. of 6 or larger, and the glow plug is mounted with at least part of the resistive heating element being protrudingly located in an engine combustion chamber. Under such a condition, the control device controls energization of the resistance heater in a steady control mode to adjust electrical power supplied to the resistance heater in such a manner as to keep a resistance of the heater within a predetermined range.

Abstract: A layered thermometer for measuring core body temperature includes a plurality of layers. A first layer contacts the skin of a body being measured where the first layer includes a first sensor and a first insulating component, and optionally a protective layer contiguous with the skin. The first layer detects a first temperature substantially at the skin. A second layer is located contiguous to the first layer where the second layer includes a second sensor and a second insulating component. The second layer detects a second temperature substantially away from the skin. The values of the first temperature and the second temperature indicate the core temperature of the body. Alternative embodiments include a thermometer with three or more layers. Further alternative embodiments include analytic devices and devices statistical analysis.

Abstract: A system for detecting temperature of a cooking utensil over a radiant cooktop includes a cooktop having an upper surface and a lower surface and a radiant heating element adapted to heat the cooktop. A temperature detector is disposed adjacent the lower surface of the cooktop and is adapted to detect temperature of the lower surface of the cooktop. The system also includes a thermal insulation barrier disposed intermediate the temperature detector and the radiant heating element.

Abstract: A cooking apparatus, cooking system, and cooking control method using a bar code, in which automatic cooking of food is performed when the bar code attached to a package of the food is lost or damaged. The cooking apparatus for cooking food using cooking data includes a memory for storing identification data and cooking data of the food; an image capture device for obtaining an image of the food; and a controller for identifying the food by comparing the image of the food to the identification data of the food, stored in the memory, obtaining the cooking data of the identified food, and controlling the cooking apparatus so that the cooking of the food is performed based on the cooking data.

Abstract: A CPU detects a temperature of a central part of a heating roller. If the detected temperature does not exceed 180° C., the CPU drives a central coil or a side-end coil for 0.4 second in accordance with a temperature difference between the central part of the heating roller and a side-end part of the heating roller. Then, the CPU drives the side-end coil or central coil for 0.2 second. Thereafter, the CPU detects the temperature of the central part and repeats the driving control until the detected temperature reaches 180° C.

Abstract: A system for adjusting parameters of a temperature sensor for settling time reduction is disclosed. The system includes an input for receiving a signal for triggering an adjustment of one or more parameters associated with one or more portions of the temperature sensor. And, an adjuster that includes a current sourcing/sinking adjuster, a feedback loop current adjuster and a feedback loop resistance adjuster coupled to the input. The adjuster adjusts one or more voltages associated with one or more portions of the temperature sensor in response to a receipt of the signal for triggering an adjustment to achieve the settling time reduction.

Abstract: A control circuit includes a drive circuit which applies a drive voltage to a semiconductor device having an overheating protection function according to an externally supplied signal; and a current detecting circuit which outputs a detection signal when a drive current flowing through the semiconductor device exceeds a predetermined threshold current. The semiconductor device incorporates a semiconductor element, a temperature detecting circuit for detecting temperature increase of a chip, and an interrupting circuit for interrupting an input to the semiconductor element according to a detection output of the temperature detecting circuit.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a novel active insulation device and method for thermally shielding an external body from temperature fluctuations of a contained body. The method comprising providing an active thermal insulation envelope between the contained body and the external body; regulating the heat transfer from the active thermal insulation envelope to the external body; and regulating the heat transfer from the contained body to the active thermal insulation envelope, thus maintaining the temperature of the external body at a constant temperature or within a narrow temperature range.

Abstract: A controller for an electric article includes a voltage-stabilizing circuit for supplying voltage stable DC power, a microprocessor, a temperature-detecting circuit, a protecting circuit, a control circuit, and a switch circuit. The temperature-detecting circuit includes several comparators commonly connected to a temperature range switch. The protecting circuit includes a comparator that detects a pre-set highest heating temperature and that is connected to the voltage stable DC power and a voltage-detecting circuit of the voltage stable DC power. The comparator of the protecting circuit is further connected to a voltage-dividing end of a thermistor connected to a temperature-detecting wire. The control circuit is connected to the microprocessor and an output of the comparator of the protecting circuit. The switch circuit is connected to an output of the voltage stable DC power and the control circuit, thereby controlling conduction or cutting off DC power supply to the electric article.

Abstract: A grip heater control apparatus (7) capable of increasing the opportunities to enable a heater (2) to warm a grip (1) while suppressing a voltage drop of a battery (10), the grip heater control apparatus comprising a heater (2) for generating heat by means of electric power supplied from the battery (10), the heater being provided in a grip (1) of a steering handle of a vehicle having a generator (9) for generating electricity interlocking with the rotation of an engine as a propulsive source and the battery (10) charged by the generator (9), and a heater control unit for controlling the electric energy supplied to the heater (2) from the battery (10), wherein a revolutions detecting unit is provided for detecting the number of revolutions of the engine or the generator (9) and the heater control unit includes a unit for determining an upper limit on the upper limit electric energy supplied to the heater (2) depending on the detected number of revolutions.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus of the present invention may comprises a power supply system which supplies powers to an image forming unit, a fixing unit, and a general control unit in such a manner that as much power as possible can be supplied to the fixing unit within a limit of a current supplied from an alternating-current power supply, before load fluctuation on a secondary side of a direct-current power supply influences a primary side.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling the electric resistance heating of a metallic chemical preconcentrator screen, for example, used in portable trace explosives detectors. The length of the heating time-period is automatically adjusted to compensate for any changes in the voltage driving the heating current across the screen, for example, due to gradual discharge or aging of a battery. The total deposited energy in the screen is proportional to the integral over time of the square of the voltage drop across the screen. Since the net temperature rise, ?Ts, of the screen, from beginning to end of the heating pulse, is proportional to the total amount of heat energy deposited in the screen during the heating pulse, then this integral can be calculated in real-time and used to terminate the heating current when a pre-set target value has been reached; thereby providing a consistent and reliable screen temperature rise, ?Ts, from pulse-to-pulse.

Abstract: A thermal treatment apparatus and method of thermal treatment are provided wherein the apparatus includes a treatment chamber used to thermally treat an object material held therein, fluid passages formed so as to extend along an outer surface of the treatment chamber, a heating means for the thermal treatment operation placed in the fluid passages, a fluid passing means for passing a fluid through the fluid passages while bringing the fluid into contact with heating surfaces of the heating means, and a control means for controlling the temperature and flow rate of the fluid passing through the fluid passages in at least one period of time during the thermal treatment operation, the fluid passing means further includes a plurality of blast rate variable fans arranged in parallel with the fluid passage and having mutually different flow rates.

Abstract: There is disclosed a control system for operating automotive vehicle components. The control system typically includes at least a control module programmed with instructions for controlling a heater, a ventilator or both.

Abstract: A method of making a flexible sheet heater includes the steps of (i) bonding an electrically conductive fabric and an support member formed of a PET film and a layer of acrylic together, ii) stamp-cutting the electrically conductive fabric to form a heating element having a predetermined loop, iii) attaching two electrical terminals to two distal ends of the heating element respectively, iv) bonding a first flexible protective sheet member to one side of the heating element opposite to the PET film, v) removing the PET film from the heating element; and vi) bonding a second flexible protective sheet member to the other side of the heating element opposite to the first flexible protective sheet member so that the heating element is sandwiched between the first and second flexible protective sheet members.

Abstract: An electric cooking assembly includes a cooking surface having supported under the surface an electric heater incorporating an electric heating element and a temperature limiter including a thermally responsive assembly incorporating only a single switch, the switch being adapted to open at a predetermined sensed temperature. A control is provided, adapted to energise the electric heater from a power supply through the switch of the temperature limiter. A modular electronic monitoring device is provided, separate from the control, adapted to monitor energising of the electric heater and to activate a signal device when the cooking surface is too hot to touch.

Abstract: A controller adapted to control the temperature of a heating elements with a wide range of positive temperature coefficient of resistance, including very low values, using a sensor in line with the heating element. The controller is able to take account of non-constant mains power supplies and variation in the element resistance over time.

Abstract: A fluid-heating apparatus for heating a fluid and method of operating the same. The fluid-heating apparatus includes a heating element for heating a fluid surrounding the heating element and a control circuit connected to the heating element and connectable to a power source. The control circuit includes a current path from the power source to the heating element back to the power source, a switch connected in the current path, and a current sensor. The method includes initiating a heating state of the fluid-heating apparatus, initiating a non-heating state of the fluid-heating apparatus, applying a voltage to the heating element during the non-heating state, sensing a leakage current of the heating element during the application of the voltage, and determining a degradation of the heating element with the sensed leakage current.

Abstract: A control system to measure a sinusoidal AC voltage in a heating, ventilation includes a controller and a circuit connected to the controller. The circuit generates a pulse voltage based upon the AC voltage. The pulse voltage has a pulse duration. The controller measures a measured pulse duration based on the pulse duration and determines the AC voltage based upon the measured pulse duration.

Abstract: A heating apparatus includes a heating roller that is heated by heating units, a main power supply that supplies power from an external power supply to the main heating unit, and an auxiliary power supply that supplies power to the auxiliary heating unit. The auxiliary power supply further includes a mass capacitor of multiple capacitor cells, which are charged by the external power supply. The connection mode of the capacitor cells is changed at least at the time of electric discharge.

Abstract: A deicing system configured to heat fluid within a fluid receptacle to prevent ice from forming includes a sensing unit and a heating element. The sensing unit is configured to detect a change in at least one of capacitance and resistivity. The heating element is configured to heat the fluid. The sensing unit operates to deactivate the heating element when the sensing unit detects the change in at least one of capacitance and resistivity.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for controlling the operating conditions of a probe (11) associated with means purifying (7) exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine (2), which consists in comparing an output signal of the probe with a reference value, and in acting on the probe (11) to decrease a difference between the output signal (S1) and the reference value.

Abstract: A cooking facilitator which is preferably portable and well suited for use as both a timer and cooking process facilitator having particular usefulness with cooking objects which have a characteristic associated with establishing a cooking time such as the weight of a turkey in the case of deep frying a turkey or the thickness of a steak in deep frying the same. A gas flow timer for shutting off an overheated or unattended cooking system is also featured.