Abstract: A sheet laminator includes a sheet lamination device, a heater, and circuitry. The sheet lamination device performs a sheet laminating operation on an object by application of heat and pressure. The heater heats the sheet lamination device. The circuitry changes between a first mode in which the heater constantly heats the sheet lamination device while the sheet lamination device is turned on and a second mode in which the heater starts heating the sheet lamination device in response to a request of the sheet laminating operation and stops heating the sheet lamination device after a given time has elapsed from completion of the sheet laminating operation. The circuitry adjusts the given time in the second mode.

Abstract: Temperature measurement is described for a substrate carrier using a heater element array. In one example a method includes measuring a first combined current load of each of a plurality of heating elements in the electrostatic chuck, changing a power status of a first heating element of the plurality of heating elements, measuring a second combined current load of each of the plurality of heating elements after changing the power status of the first heating element, determining the difference between the first and second combined current loads, determining a temperature of the first heating element using the difference, and reverting the power status of the first heating element to that before the change and repeating changing power, measuring a current load, determining a difference, and determining a temperature for each of the other heating elements of the plurality to determine a temperature at each of the heating elements of the plurality.

Abstract: A sheet processing apparatus includes circuitry configured to acquire a size of a two-ply sheet, in which two sheets are bonded together at one end, and a size of an insertion sheet; and control a sheet processing operation based on the size of the two-ply sheet and the size of the insertion sheet. The sheet processing operation includes inserting the insertion sheet in the two-ply sheet.

Abstract: A sheet processing apparatus laminates a partially joined two-ply sheet and a sheet medium inserted in the two-ply sheet. The sheet processing apparatus includes a heat presser, an information acquisition device, and control circuitry. The heat presser heats and presses the two-ply sheet and the sheet medium. The information acquisition device acquires information on the two-ply sheet and the sheet medium. The control circuitry sets a fixing temperature of the heat presser in accordance with the information of the two-ply sheet and the sheet medium acquired by the information acquisition device.

Abstract: An example system includes a common mode pneumatic event detector to detect a common mode pneumatic event at pitot tubes of an aircraft, a latch, a relay switch in communication with the latch, and a latch controller to set the latch in a first state to cause the latch to output a first latch signal, the relay switch to output a first pressure signal in response to the first latch signal, the first pressure signal based on pressure data from the pitot tubes, and set the latch in a second state to cause the latch to output a second latch signal based on the detection of the common mode pneumatic event. The relay switch is to output a second pressure signal in response to the second latch signal. The second pressure signal includes estimated pressure data.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a towel maintenance device for storing and keeping a towel and for heating and drying the towel stored and kept therein. The towel maintenance device—provides a structure in which heated air flows in a first staying space formed in a heat transfer plate and heats the heat transfer plate, thereby allowing a textile product such as a towel and the like in contact with the heat transfer plate to be heated based on thermal conduction, and the heated air discharged through a communicating hole of the heat transfer plate is discharged while passing through the textile product such as a towel and the like or flows around the textile product such as a towel and the like, thereby allowing the product to be dried to be heated based on convection. The towel maintenance device according to the present disclosure enables entire objects to be dried to be rapidly heated and dried.

Abstract: A sensor element device for an operating device having a luminous display comprises a sensor element for a capacitive touch switch, a light guide for the luminous display, having an input region and an emission region, and light-nontransmissive shielding material which encloses the light guide except for the input region and the emission region. It furthermore comprises a lower side and an upper side, as well as at least one metallic sensor element. The sensor element extends from the lower side to the upper side. The sensor element device forms an integrated module with the light guide, shielding material and sensor element. The sensor element projects as far as a plane of the lower side. No part of the sensor element device protrudes downward.

Abstract: A cooking appliance and method of operating the same utilize a multi-level valve system that regulates an output power level of a gas burner for an oven between a maximum output power level and at least one reduced output power level to selectively reduce the output power level of the gas burner during at least a portion of an oven warm-up operation, e.g., to improve burner operating characteristics during the oven warm-up operation.

Abstract: A sheet separation device includes a rotator, a nipping member to nip the two-ply sheet with the rotator, a first conveyor to convey the two-ply sheet in a first direction toward the rotator and a second direction reverse thereto, a winding member to wind the two-ply sheet around the rotator, a second conveyor to convey a sheet medium in the second direction, a separation claw to move in a width direction; a sheet guide to guide the separated two sheets to different passages; and control circuitry. The first conveyor conveys the two-ply sheet to the rotator with a bonded portion at an upstream end. The control circuitry inserts the separation claw into a space between the two sheets, adjusts a projection amount of the two-ply sheet from a nip of the first conveyor in the second direction, and inserts the sheet medium in two-ply sheet adjusted in the projection amount.

Abstract: A thermal regulator for controlling temperature of a substantially circular stage comprising a plurality of first segments and a plurality of second segments in a radial direction and in a circumferential direction, each of the first segments and at least two adjacent second segments defining a set of segments, the thermal regulator includes heaters disposed in the first and second segments, respectively, thermal sensors disposed in the first segments, respectively, a controller configured to control the heaters in response to temperatures determined by the thermal sensors, and a segment switch to switch the second segments to be controlled in conjunction with the first segment in each set of segments.

Abstract: A sheet processing device includes a conveyor, a rotator, a separator, and control circuitry. The conveyor conveys a sheet-shaped medium into a two-ply sheet in which two sheets are overlaid and partially bonded, and includes a drive roller and a driven roller. The rotator winds the two-ply sheet. The separator separates the two sheets of the two-ply sheet. The control circuitry causes the conveyor to convey the two-ply sheet in a winding direction to wind the two-ply sheet around the rotator to generate a space between the two sheets, and causes the separator to insert into the space between the two sheets to separate the two sheets. The drive roller and the rotator are disposed on a same side with respect to a sheet conveyance passage of the two-ply sheet, and the driven roller and the rotator are disposed on opposite sides with respect to the sheet conveyance passage.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to an exhaust gas aftertreatment system for treating exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine. The exhaust gas aftertreatment system includes an exhaust gas catalyst that includes an exhaust gas catalysis portion and a heating element. The heating element is configured to heat the exhaust gas catalysis portion. The exhaust gas aftertreatment system also includes: a voltage source which supplies the heating element with electric power for heating the heating element, and a DC to DC converter which is configured to control the electric power supply from the voltage source to the heating element. The exhaust gas aftertreatment system also includes a control unit which is configured to control the DC to DC converter based on the required electric power to heat the exhaust gas catalysis portion.

Abstract: A laminating device inserts a sheet-shaped medium into a two-ply sheet in which two sheets are overlaid and partially bonded, and includes a loader, a fixing device, and control circuitry. The loader loads the sheet-shaped medium or a cleaning sheet. The fixing device laminates the two-ply sheet in which the sheet-shaped medium is sandwiched between the two sheets of the two-ply sheet. The control circuitry performs a cleaning mode of conveying a plurality of cleaning sheets from the loader to clean the fixing device. The cleaning mode is to convey a subsequent cleaning sheet of the plurality of cleaning sheets at a position different from a position of a preceding cleaning sheet of the plurality of cleaning sheets in a direction orthogonal to a conveyance direction of the plurality of cleaning sheets.

Abstract: A circuit board is disclosed that has a pre-warming function. The circuit board includes a substrate and one or more conductive paths embedded in the substrate. The one or more electrically conductive paths include a logic control circuit containing a heating element and a temperature-sensitive element configured to control the heating element and deliver an input when the temperature-sensitive element has reached a threshold temperature. The one or more electrically conductive paths further includes a heater power circuit configured to deliver power to the logic control circuit. The one or more electrically conductive paths further includes an operational power circuit configured to switch off power to the heater power circuit and switch on power to the operational power circuit upon a delivery of the input from the logic control circuit.

Abstract: A sheet processing device separates a two-ply sheet in which two sheets are overlapped and partially bonded and sandwich a sheet medium between the two sheets. The sheet processing device includes a relay conveyance path, a sheet loader, and control circuitry. The sheet medium is fed from an image forming apparatus connected upstream of the sheet processing device through the relay conveyance path. The sheet loader loads at least one of the two-ply sheet and the sheet medium. The control circuitry performs a mixing mode to feed the two-ply sheet or the sheet medium from the sheet loader.

Abstract: An electric blanket includes an electric blanket body and a remote controller. The electric blanket body includes a first wireless module, a heating wire, a first power input circuit, and a first main control circuit. The remote controller includes a second main control circuit, a first function button circuit connected to the second main control circuit, a display circuit, a second wireless module, and a second power input circuit for supplying power.

Abstract: A method for controlling a temperature of a substrate support assembly is provided. A first direct current (DC) power is supplied to a heating element embedded in a zone of the substrate support assembly included in a processing chamber. A voltage is measured across the heating element. Similarly, a current is measured through the heating element. A temperature of the zone of the substrate support assembly is determined based on the voltage across the heating element and the current through the heating element. A temperature difference between the determined temperature of the zone and a target temperature for the zone is determined. A second DC power to deliver to the heating element is determined to achieve the target temperature based at least in part on the temperature difference. The second DC power is supplied to the heating element to cause the temperature of the zone to be modified to the target temperature.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a heat fusing device for a smart trash receptacle, including: a heating wire for fusion-cutting and thermally sealing an open end of a trash bag, the heating wire being connected to a heat-fusing circuit; a base having heat-resistant and insulating properties, the base having a first end surface on which the heating wire is arranged; and a control mechanism communicatively coupled to the heat-fusing circuit for control thereof. The present invention also discloses a smart trash receptacle incorporating the heat fusing device and a method for controlling a heat fusing temperature. With the present invention, during automatic bagging by the smart trash receptacle, good contact between the heating wire and the trash bag can be ensured while preventing adhesion of the trash bag. This results in improved sealing quality and enables the fulfillment of two tasks, i.e., thermoplastic sealing and thermal fusion-cutting, in the same action of the heat fusing device.

Abstract: A sheet processing apparatus is configured to sandwich one or more sheet media in a two-ply sheet in which two sheets are overlaid and bonded together at a portion of the two-ply sheet. The sheet processing apparatus includes circuitry configured to control insertion processing to insert the one or more sheet media into the two-ply sheet based on a length of the two-ply sheet in a conveyance direction, a length of one of the one or more sheet media in the conveyance direction, and a number of the one or more sheet media.

Abstract: An AC inverter in a vehicle operates using a 24 V input when a vehicle powertrain is in a parked/idling state. A first 12 V battery is connected with a first bus segment. A second 12 V battery is connected with a second bus segment. A switch module selectably interconnects the first and second bus segments. In a nominal 12 V state, the batteries are connected in parallel from the bus segments to ground. In a dual voltage state, the batteries are connected in series so the first bus segment is at 12 V and the second bus segment is at 24 V. A first alternator driven by the powertrain provides a regulated voltage to the second bus segment, wherein the regulated voltage corresponds to 12 V when the switch module is in the nominal state and corresponds to 24 V when the switch module is in the dual voltage state.

Abstract: Systems and methods for providing electric energy to an electrically heated catalyst are described. In one example, the electrically heated catalyst may be a three phase device with heating elements that are arranged in a delta configuration. In other examples, the electrically heated catalyst may include a single heating element.

Abstract: A control apparatus for a heater is equipped with a high-side wiring line that is connected between the heater and a power supply, a low-side wiring line that is connected between the heater and a grounded portion, a sense wiring line that is connected between the heater and a heater electrode of the heater, and a fault detector for detecting a fault in any one of the wiring lines respectively connected to the heater. The fault detector is configured to identify a mode of a fault that has occurred and a location where the fault has occurred, based on a high-side voltage, a low-side voltage, a sense voltage, a high-side current and a low-side current.

Abstract: Implementations described herein provide a chamber lid assembly. In one embodiment, a chamber lid assembly includes a heater embedded in a dielectric body forming a boundary of a processing chamber, wherein the heater has one or more heating zones that are independently controlled.

Abstract: A motor vehicle operating liquid tank, in particular for storing aqueous urea solution, with a tank shell surrounding a tank volume and with a tank opening extending through the tank shell, a planar heating device in the tank volume is provided with an electrical resistance heating track arranged sandwiched between two plastic films that oppose one another in a planar manner and encase the resistance heating track, the plastic films opposing one another in a planar manner and each have a layer of compatible, thermoplastic plastics at least on their surfaces facing one another which are connected to one another locally at least along a seam track surrounding the electrical resistance heating track, slot areas are provided inside this seam track in which plastic film sections lie opposite one another in an unconnected manner without the intermediate arrangement of a section of a resistance heating track between them.

Abstract: A water heating control system has a tank for holding a volume of water heated by a heater and having a hot water outlet and a cold water inlet connected to a main water supply whereby hot water removed from the hot water outlet is replenished with cold water. A temperature sensor provides a temperature signal indicative of water temperature in the tank, and a control unit monitors the water temperature based on the temperature signal and is responsive to selection of a Sabbath mode of operation for periodically actuating and de-actuating the heater while maintaining an average water temperature to less than a permitted preset threshold. In Sabbath mode the control unit closes a shut off valve connected to the water inlet when the heater is actuated and opens the shut off valve when the heater is not actuated.

Abstract: Implementations described herein provide a substrate support assembly which enables both lateral and azimuthal tuning of the heat transfer between an electrostatic chuck and a heating assembly. The substrate support assembly comprises a body having a substrate support surface and a lower surface, one or more main resistive heaters disposed in the body, a plurality of spatially tunable heaters disposed in the body, and a spatially tunable heater controller coupled to the plurality of spatially tunable heaters, the spatially tunable heater controller configured to independently control an output one of the plurality of spatially tunable heaters relative to another of the plurality of spatially tunable heaters.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a soldering system containing a soldering apparatus and a heating apparatus. The soldering apparatus includes a heating plate having a body defining a plurality of first air exits, each first air exit extending through the body of the heating plate and the heating plate being configured to supply hot air through the first air exits; a cover disposed on the heating plate, the cover and the heating plate defining a hot air chamber; a plurality of axially movable positioning shafts extending though the body of the heating plate, in which each shaft has a first end and a second end, the first end is in the hot air chamber, and the second end is outside the hot air chamber; and a conduit attached to the cover, the conduit being configured to supply hot air to the hot air chamber.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a circuit for providing a mixed air temperature signal is provided. The circuit has a temperature input to an economizer controller, an air temperature sensor, a false air temperature device, and a switching device. The switching device has a switch and a switch actuating device. The switch connects the temperature input to the air temperature sensor when the switch is in a first state. The switch connects the temperature input to the false air temperature device when the switch is in a second state. The switch actuating device places the switch in the first state when a mechanical cooling signal is not sent. The switch actuating device places the switch in the second state when the mechanical cooling signal is sent.

Abstract: In a gas-intake-port array structure, which enables any temperature fluctuation during conveying time of a printed circuit board, a semiconductor wafer or the like to be reduced and allows the printed circuit board and the like to be very uniformly heated or cooled, a nozzle pattern P2 is arranged to be line symmetry with a nozzle pattern P1 in one upper or lower divided section of a nozzle layout region of the nozzle cover 3 relative to a center portion that is orthogonal to a conveying direction, as shown in FIG. 1. In order for the arrangement patterns diagonally arranged in the nozzle layout region to become identical, the nozzle pattern P1 is arranged to be line symmetry with the nozzle pattern P2 in the other upper or lower divided section. Intake ports 3b, 3c and 3d each having a predetermined opening width are arranged between two blowing nozzles 2 or more and across a first row thereof and plural other rows having different phases, in order to circulate the gas blown from the blowing nozzles 2.

Abstract: In a gas-blowing-hole array structure, which enables gas to be blown to the whole surface of the conveyed member such as a printed circuit board, a semiconductor wafer or the like almost concentrically and allows the whole surface of conveyed member to be very uniformly heated or cooled, a nozzle pattern P2 of blowing nozzles 2 is arranged to be line symmetry with a nozzle pattern P1 of the blowing nozzles 2 in upper and lower divided sections of one side of the nozzle cover 3 relative to a center portion thereof that is orthogonal to a conveying direction, as shown in FIG. 1. In order for the arrangement patterns diagonally arranged in the nozzle cover 3 to become identical, the nozzle pattern P1 is arranged to be line symmetry with the nozzle pattern P2 of the blowing nozzles 2 in upper and lower divided sections of the other side of the nozzle cover 3.

Abstract: Provided herein are systems and methods directed to using renewable energy sources with hot water heating systems.

Abstract: A surface-mountable electrical circuit protection device includes layers defining a first PPTC resistive element, a second PPTC resistive element, and at least one heat-generating electrical component such as a planar zener diode chip positioned between, and in thermal contact with, the first and second PPTC elements, such that an electrical current above a threshold level passing through the component causes the component to heat, the heat being transferred to the PPTC resistive elements and tripping at least one, and preferably both of the first or second PPTC elements to a high resistance state. A series of edge-formed terminal electrodes enable surface-mount connection of the first and second PPTC elements and the electrical component to an electrical circuit substrate, such as a printed circuit board. A method for making the device is also disclosed.

Abstract: An electrical system responsive to overheating and/or electric arcing of an electrically conductive member, e.g. a heating member of an aircraft windshield, includes a first switch in a first current path, and a second switch in a second current path. The first current path is from an electrical power supply through the first switch, through an arc sensor to the heating member to the power supply. The second current path is from a temperature sensor monitoring the temperature of the heating member through the second switch to a temperature controller. When the temperature of the heating member is at or above a predetermined value, the temperature controller causes the first switch to open. When there is arcing, the second switch is moved to the open position. The temperature controller senses that the second switch is open and causes the first switch to open.

Abstract: Delays are introduced in self-timed memories by introducing a capacitance on the path of a signal to be delayed. The capacitances are realized by using idle-lying metal layers in the circuitry. The signal to be delayed is connected to the idle-lying capacitances via programmable switches. The amount of delay introduced depends on the capacitance introduced in the path of signal, which in turn depends on state of the switches. The state of the switches is controlled by delay codes provided externally to the delay introducing circuitry. Since idle-lying metal capacitances are utilized, the circuitry can be implemented using a minimum amount of additional hardware. Also, the delay provided by the circuitry is a function of memory cell SPICE characteristics and core parasitic capacitances.

Abstract: A zero-crossing detector circuit includes: a first capacitor including a first electrode configured to connect to one end of an AC power supply and a second electrode; a second capacitor including a first electrode configured to connect to the other end of the AC power supply and a second electrode; a current path, which is connected in series between the second electrode of the first capacitor and the second electrode of the second capacitor, and which is connected to a reference potential, and which generates a second-electrode-side voltage when the AC current passes through the current path; a signal converting circuit, which is connected to the AC power supply to receive the second-electrode-side voltage and then converts the second-electrode-side voltage into a pulse signal; and a detecting unit, which detects a pulse period of the pulse signal, which and detects zero-crossing points by using the pulse period.

Abstract: A method is provided for interconnecting a single electrical heating element of a hot water heater to first and second AC electrical power sources. Typically, these first and second AC electrical power sources include a utility provided electrical power source and a renewable power source that generates AC power from DC power. The method includes operating a controller that selectively connects and disconnects the first and second power sources. If sufficient electrical power is available from the renewable power source, the utility provided electrical power source may be disconnected to preferentially utilize renewable energy.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for controlling the supply of power to a radiant heater of a cooking hob. According to one implementation a method is provided that includes the use of a control circuit that is configured to deliver power to the radiant heater via first and second electrical paths. One control method includes supplying a first level of power to the radiant heater through a closed disconnection switch situated in the first electrical path while sensing a temperature of the cooking hob. Upon detecting that the temperature has reached or exceeded a predetermined temperature, the control circuit terminates the supply of power to the radiant heater through the first electrical path by opening the disconnection switch and for at least a period of time initiating the supply of a second level of power to the radiant heater through the second electrical path, the second level of power being less than the first level of power and sufficiently low to cause the radiant heater to cool.

Abstract: An image heating apparatus includes an endless belt; first, second, third and fourth resistors having resistances R1, R2, R3 and R4, arranged in this order from an upstream side in a feeding direction of the recording material, and R1=R2 and R3=R4. The connection state of the resistors is switchable between a first state in which the first and second resistors are connected in parallel, the third and fourth resistors are connected in parallel, and a set of the first and second resistors and a set of the third and fourth resistors are connected in parallel, and a second state in which the first resistor second resistors are connected in series, the third and fourth resistors are connected in series, and a set of the first and second resistors and a set of the third and fourth resistors are connected in parallel.

Abstract: A heating control system for controlling heating of a fluid within an associated fluid vessel includes a first sensor responsive to a low fluid level in the fluid vessel and a second sensor responsive to a temperature of the fluid within the fluid vessel. The heating control system also includes a control circuit electrically connected with the first sensor and the second sensor to control electrical power to a heating unit for heating the fluid within the fluid vessel. The control circuit allows electrical power to be connected to the heating unit upon a first predetermined condition of the first sensor and a first predetermined condition of the second sensor. The control circuit disconnects power to the heating unit upon either a second predetermined condition of the first sensor or a second predetermined condition of the second sensor.

Abstract: A water heater has a modular control system. The water heater comprises a tank, a heating element, a first controller, and a second controller. The heating element is coupled to the tank. The first controller is mounted on the tank and has a first communication port. The second controller has a second communication port communicatively coupled to the first communication port of the first controller. The first controller is configured to control the heating element in accordance with any desired algorithm in an absence of the second controller, and the second controller is configured to perform at least one function in addition to or in lieu of the first controller.

Abstract: A method for controlling power supply to the liquid contents of a cooking vessel or the like, particularly for controlling the electrical power supply in an induction heating system, wherein a predetermined thermodynamic state is detected and the user is alerted, comprises maintaining a predetermined high power condition after reaching the predetermined thermodynamic state for a predetermined time and then reducing the power supply to a predetermined level.

Abstract: Provided are a cooker and a method for controlling the same. Levels driven by a plurality of heat sources are controlled by input driving levels of all the heat sources received by an input unit. Accordingly, there is an advantage in that foods are more swiftly cooked by the plurality of heat sources.

Abstract: A heater for heating an aerosol-forming substrate includes a plurality of elongate heating elements arranged in an elongate array. The elongate array has a support end with a first dimension, a heating end with a second dimension and a middle portion with a third dimension. The array is arranged to heat the substrate to form an aerosol. The third dimension is greater than the first dimension and greater than the second dimension. An electrically heated aerosol generating system can include the heater.

Abstract: A rapid thermal process chamber having a lamp driver circuit that includes two transistors and two diodes is described. The rapid thermal process chamber includes a plurality of halogen lamps, the lamp driver, a temperature sensor that measures wafer temperature, a temperature controller connected to the temperature sensor and to the lamp driver, the temperature controller providing control signals to the lamp driver that are functions of the wafer temperature and a desired temperature. The lamp driver includes two transistors that are controlled by the control signals so that the power factor of the power supplied to the plurality of halogen lamps is in the range of 0.9 to 1.

Abstract: A multiple heater control system includes cables, connectors, and junction boxes for user-friendly daisy chain connections of heater controllers and heaters in various configurations or combinations of individually controlled heater series and/or master and slave heater series. The heater controllers include process control of AC power to the heaters and upper-limit safety shutoff that is substantially independent from the process control. The heater controllers also have variable levels of control, adjustment, display, and communications functionality in a base module that is expandable to various levels with expansion modules that are attachable to and detachable from the base module. Connector, cable, and junction configurations, adapters, and latch features enhance user friendliness.

Abstract: Direct current power gained by photovoltaic cells can be used for heating water in a boiler. Simple installation allows use for domestic or industrial purposes, with a minimal impact to building construction. At the time of lack of sunlight intensity, water heating is provided by gas, or other heating source, or by use of a heating coil supplied by alternating current for that heating. When sunlight intensity is high, the photovoltaic cells of the present invention can be used alone. However, the source of the direct current has to be properly dimensioned in dependence on the volume of the boiler. An output 1 kWh of the source of the direct current gained by photovoltaic cells can be used to heat water of a volume of 100 L.

Abstract: A power supply device for a crucible heater includes a heating circuit having an input terminal, and at least two power supply modules having each an output terminal. The output terminals of at least two power supply modules are connected in parallel to the input terminal of the heating circuit. A process control device controls the at least two power supply modules. Optionally, a heating control device can be provided instead of the process control device for controlling the power supply modules.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided, by way of example, a heater for use in semiconductor processing equipment that includes a base functional layer having at least one functional zone. A substrate is secured to the base functional layer, and a tuning layer is secured to the substrate opposite the base functional layer. The tuning layer includes a plurality of zones that is greater in number than the zones of the base functional layer, and the tuning layer has lower power than the base functional layer. Further, a component, such as a chuck by way of example, is secured to the tuning layer opposite the substrate. The substrate defines a thermal conductivity to dissipate a requisite amount of power from the base functional layer.

Abstract: A load control system and method of time multiplexing power to a plurality of holding shelves in a food holding cabinet to allow total cabinet power to be limited to electrical distribution capabilities. This method allows for individual shelf heaters to be utilized normally to maintain food temperatures during normal use and modulates power when multiple shelves demand heating that would normally exceed branch circuit capabilities thus tripping the breaker. The system monitors temperature of each shelf and based upon demand executes a logical demand schedule for each shelf heater output (time multiplexing or modulating AC power to each) such that total system demand does not exceed available power to the system.

Abstract: A system and method is provided. The system and method calculate target setpoints for each thermal element and index through each thermal element to provide power to the thermal element, sense an electrical characteristic of the thermal element, and determine if the thermal element exceeds a target setpoint for the thermal element based on the sensed electrical characteristic.