Abstract: An electronic resistor user interface comprises flexible conductive materials and a flexible variably resistive element capable of exhibiting a change in electrical resistance on mechanical deformation and is characterised by textile-form electrodes (10,12) a textile form variably resistive element (14) and textile-form members (16) connective to external circuitry.

Abstract: A flexible body has a conductive resistance pathway which includes conductive resistance flexible strands of material connected in series between two supply bus flexible strands of material, and a temperature dependent variable resistance pathway with temperature dependent variable resistance flexible strands of material electrically connected in series by connection bus flexible strands of material.

Abstract: The use of conductive polyaniline fibers for resistive heating applications is described. Unlike metal wires and conductive-polymer coated fibers, under certain conditions, electric voltages or currents used to generate heat in the fibers were found to produce irreversible changes to the polymer backbone that destroy its electrical conductivity but not its structural integrity. The temperature that these changes occur varies with dopant and fiber diameter, and can be tailored to specific applications. Since these changes occur at lower temperatures than the temperature at which dopant molecules within the conductive polymer are lost or decomposed, both of which lower the conductivity of the material, polyaniline fibers can be used for resistive heating applications where the heating element is in the vicinity of the skin of the wearer thereof.

Abstract: A heating element for placing on a pipe or nozzle comprises a current-carrying conductor connectable by means of connecting leads to a power supply. Each of the connecting leads has a terminal contact piece which can be engaged with a contact surface of the heating element. The contact piece can be clamped against the heating element by means of a clamping device. The contact piece rests loosely on the contact surface and the clamping force of the clamping device acts in a substantially normal manner to the contact surface and clamps the contact piece against said contact surface.

Abstract: A flexible body has a conductive resistance pathway which includes conductive resistance flexible strands of material connected in series between two supply bus flexible strands of material, and a temperature dependent variable resistance pathway with temperature dependent variable resistance flexible strands of material electrically connected in series by connection bus flexible strands of material.

Abstract: A connection endpiece placed on a resistor element provided with at least one layer of electrically-conductive fibers, the endpiece serving to connect a power supply wire electrically to the resistor element. The endpiece includes at least one metal plate having a top face for connection to the power supply wire, and provided with at least one rigid metal connector member of substantially flat shape arranged at a first end of the metal plate and connected to at least one layer of electrically-conductive fibers of the resistor element, the top face of the metal plate being covered in a removable anti-adhesive covering.

Abstract: The invention provides a linear and/or plane heating element, and a thawing mat, and a hot mat comprising the linear and/or plane heating element that provides necessary heat quantity at low electric power without burning fossil fuel and the like. A heating element is provided produced by coating laminated polyester on a plane painted by paint that adds nickel-indium compound oxide to the upper surface of polyester film to solderlessly connect electrodes to both ends to connect a power supply to the electrodes. The present invention provides a thawing mat and hot mat that entirely and uniformly coat the heating element having high conductivity and heating efficiency by adding nickel-indium compound oxide having high conductivity and heating efficiency to thermally deposit. Thus, maintenance cost and electricity expense can be saved, and both high quality and social cost can be achieved.

Abstract: A flexible body has a conductive resistance pathway which includes conductive resistance flexible strands of material connected in series between two supply bus flexible strands of material, and a temperature dependent variable resistance pathway with temperature dependent variable resistance flexible strands of material electrically connected in series by connection bus flexible strands of material.

Abstract: The flexible PTC heating element according to the invention has one of the following constitutions. A portion of an electrodes and a PTC resistor is impregnated into a flexible substrate. A flexible substrate is made of resin foam or rubber material having a concave/convex shape formed on the surface. The flexible PTC heating element has an elongation deformation portion disposed to at least one of an electrode and a PTC resistor. A flexible substrate has adhesiveness and either a flexible substrate or a flexible cover material has an elongation control portion. Therefore, the flexible PTC heating element is highly flexible and excellent in vibration durability.

Abstract: An electrical heating element for heating units of seats and steering wheels is provided. The heating element comprises at least one conductor having at least one core-coated wire that serves as a heat conductor and/or as a contact conductor and/or as a lead for temperature probes. The coating comprises steel and the core comprises copper or a copper alloy, or the coating comprises copper or a copper alloy and the core comprises steel.

Abstract: A warming blanket incorporating channeled areas for accepting heat and sensor wires. The inventive blanket includes an arrangement of seam structures defining channels housing substantially discrete elongate heating and sensing elements arranged in a substantially similar pattern within the blanket interior.

Abstract: A fabric article that generates heat upon application of electrical power is formed, for example, by knitting or weaving, to form a fabric prebody. An electrical resistance heating element in the form of a conductive yarn is incorporated into the fabric prebody, e.g., laid in, e.g., in the knit-welt or tuck-welt configuration, the electrical resistance heating elements extending between opposite edge regions of the fabric. Conductive elements are provided for connecting the electrical resistance heating elements to a source of electrical power.

Abstract: A warming blanket incorporating an insert layer or sheet with a scrim having one or more pairs of heating and/or sensor wires arranged in a continuous pattern such that pair members are disposed in crossing relation to one another. The pair members may be cut and joined to establish electrical connections at defined crossing points to establish feedback loop circuits with a control element.

Abstract: A flexible body has a conductive resistance pathway which includes conductive resistance flexible strands of material connected in series between two supply bus flexible strands of material, and a temperature dependent variable resistance pathway with temperature dependent variable resistance flexible strands of material electrically connected in series by connection bus flexible strands of material.

Abstract: A textile heating device having a plurality of electrically conductive heating strands in contact with each other at a plurality of points of contact by way of respective contact surfaces is provided. The electrically conductive textile includes at least two strands which are fixed relative to each other at at least one point of contact such that a contact area at the fixed at least one point of contact between the contact surfaces remains essentially constant during mechanical action of the textile.

Abstract: Personal warming systems and apparatuses for use in hospitals and other settings are disclosed herein. In one embodiment, a heating pad for warming a patient during a hospital procedure can include a heating element and a patient support portion. The heating element can include one or more radiolucent, or at least generally radiolucent, features. The radiolucent features can include conductive paths supported by a flexible substrate. The conductive paths can include conductive yarns oriented in linear and/or non-linear patterns on the flexible substrate. In one aspect of this embodiment, the conductive yarns can include conductive strands having a metallic plating, such as silver plating.

Abstract: Electric resistance heating/warming composite fabric articles have a fabric layer having a first surface and an opposite, second surface, and an electric resistance heating/warming element in the form of a conductive yarn mounted upon first surface of the fabric layer, e.g. in embroidery stitching, and adapted to generate heating/warming when connected to a power source. A barrier layer may be positioned, for example, at least adjacent to the first or second surface of the fabric layer. Methods of forming electric resistance heating/warming composite fabric articles are also described.

Abstract: A heating unit is presented for use in a heating device for surface heating of a body to enable maintaining a required temperature of the body. The heating unit is composed of first and second elements each made of a material with a specific resistivity in a range of about 0.01-0.01 Ohm·mm2/m, thereby enabling substantial flatness and flexibility of the heating unit. The first and second adjacent elements are accommodated in spaced-apart planes, are electrically insulated from each other, and have different resistance and different surface areas as compared to each other. The first element having the relatively high resistance and the relatively low surface area serves as a heater, and the second element, which is located closer to the body, when the heating unit is in the operation, serves as a distributor of heat created by the first element when connected to a power source.

Abstract: A woven fibrous article that generates heat upon application of electrical power has a woven fibrous body consisting of a set of non-conductive warp yarns and a set of non-conductive filling or weft yarns. One of the set of non-conductive warp yarns and the set of non-conductive filling or weft yarns, in one or more first regions, consists of relatively more coarse yarns and in one or more second regions consists of relatively more fine yarns with electrical conductor elements extending generally along the second regions of the woven fibrous body to connect the plurality of spaced apart electrical conductance heating elements in a parallel electrical circuit to a source of electrical power.

Abstract: An apparatus for use with a variety of clothes is disclosed. The apparatus is an elastic band with a plurality of internal heating elements that is incorporated into various items of clothing, with a user having the capability of turning on the elastic band to different heating levels. The elastic band is heated by at least one battery located within an incorporated battery compartment.

Abstract: Electric heating/warming composite fabric articles have at least a fabric layer having inner and outer surfaces, and an electric heating/warming element in the form of a flexible, preferably stretchable, electricity-conducting film disposed at the inner surface of the fabric layer and adapted to generate heating/warning when connected to a power source. A barrier layer may be positioned, for example, adjacent to the inner surface of the fabric layer; e.g., with the electric heating/warming element formed thereupon, including to protect the electric circuit, e.g. against abrasion. Methods of forming electric heating/warming composite fabric articles are also described.

Abstract: An electric heating/warming element consists of a water-resistant, vapor permeable bladder containing an electrical heating/warming circuit that generates heat when attached to a source of electrical power.

Abstract: A serpentine conductive path has a plurality of generally parallel wires, a pair of conductive busses running generally parallel to one another and generally perpendicular to the wires, wherein the wires are electrically connected to the conductive busses, and wherein the conductive busses further include a plurality of isolation punches so as to form an electrically conductive serpentine pattern in conjunction with the wires. The wires may be formed of positive temperature coefficient material for sensing and controlling the temperature of a heating fabric.

Abstract: A covering for protecting surfaces in general, which comprises a sheet body that forms an internal supporting frame, to which a layer of self-sealing thermoplastic polymer is connected; the layer forms at least one face of the sheet-like body, the sheet-like body having protrusions for engaging a surface to be covered.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the process for making cloth-like woven heater and its structure of heating element which is wound around a yarn to thereby take a shape of coil spring, and so exhibits excellent and durability.

Abstract: Personal warming systems and apparatuses for use in hospitals and other settings are disclosed herein. In one embodiment, a heating pad for warming a patient during a hospital procedure can include a heating element and a patient support portion. The heating element can include one or more radiolucent, or at least generally radiolucent, features. The radiolucent features can include conductive paths supported by a flexible substrate. The conductive paths can include conductive yarns oriented in linear and/or non-linear patterns on the flexible substrate. In one aspect of this embodiment, the conductive yarns can include conductive strands having a metallic plating, such as silver plating.

Abstract: Electric blankets and methods and systems for making electric blankets are provided. Certain electric blanket embodiments include a laminated scrim blanket with a heating element embedded therein. Other embodiments provide an electric blanket formed from conductive fibers. Another embodiment includes a central circuit that controls the position of electricity to an electric blanket responsively to temperature rate of change. A further embodiment includes a machine for inserting a heating element within passageways of a blanket shell.

Abstract: A method for producing a uniformly heated electric heating cloth comprising the steps of forming heating threads by dissolving a thermoplastic polymer in an organic solvent, adding an industrial carbon which is produced from acetylene to form a first mixture, grinding the mixture of industrial carbon and thermoplastic polymer, adding a colloidal graphite to form a second mixture, grinding the second mixture, coating threads with the second mixture in a spinneret, heating the coated threads to remove the organic solvent; and interweaving the coated heating threads with non-conducting threads in a perpendicular direction.

Abstract: The use of conductive polyaniline fibers for resistive heating applications is described. Unlike metal wires and conductive-polymer coated fibers, under certain conditions, electric voltages or currents used to generate heat in the fibers were found to produce irreversible changes to the polymer backbone that destroy its electrical conductivity but not its structural integrity. The temperature that these changes occur varies with dopant and fiber diameter, and can be tailored to specific applications. Since these changes occur at lower temperatures than the temperature at which dopant molecules within the conductive polymer are lost or decomposed, both of which lower the conductivity of the material, polyaniline fibers can be used for resistive heating applications where the heating element is in the vicinity of the skin of the wearer thereof.

Abstract: The present invention is related to an electrically conductive and heating wire containing fabric. The fabric is made of metal yarn and natural fiber. After a yarn covering process (covering metal yarn with short staple yarn), a circular loom is used to weave circular hollow heating wire containing fabric in the desired dimensions (0.1 cm˜5 cm). After that, the heating wire containing fabric is pressed into flat shape. Then, the fabric is covered with natural long fiber or short staple, such as wool and rabbit fur. The wire containing fabric will be made into different types of products according to user demand (like rehabilitation equipment or insulating clothes). Thus, convenience is provided for use of the product and wide range of applications can be found for the present invention.

Abstract: A textile made at least in part with conductive yarns for the purpose of generating heat from an electrical power source. The textile has conducting yarns, or “heaters”, with conductivity and spacing tailored to the electrical source to be used and the heat to be generated. The heater yarns have a positive temperature coefficient whereby the resistance of the yarn increases with an increase in temperature and decreases with a decrease in temperature. “Leads”, such as conductive yarns, can be used to supply electricity to the heater yarns. A coating to the textile can electrically insulate the textile as well as provide protection to the textile during activities such as laundering or use.

Abstract: A warming blanket having a temperature sensing element for sensing the temperature of the warming blanket. The temperature sensor may be a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) element that is threaded throughout the blanket. In one embodiment, the temperature sensing element runs perpendicular or transverse to the heating wires in the warming blanket, permitting the temperature sensing element to measure an average blanket temperature. In another embodiment, the heating element is supplied as a pair of buss wires extending along opposite sides of the warming blanket and having a number of heating wires extending therebetween. In this embodiment, the temperature sensing elements may run either parallel to or transverse to the heating elements. Temperature changes/signals in the temperature sensing element are sent to a microprocessor, which in turn changes the wattage of the heating elements to prevent overheating of the warming blanket.

Abstract: A sheet heater structured so that heating wire is fixed to air-passing base material by sewing. This structure can provide a sheet heater that has improved durability of heating wire 2 against the load imposed on the seat during sitting, comfortable feeling of sitting in the seat, and high air-passing capability.

Abstract: A highly flexible and reliable electric heating cloth and method for providing a stable elevated temperature to an environmental site. The heating cloth is comprised of conductive resistive threads which are interwoven with non-conductive threads. One characterizing feature of the cloth is that the diameters of the threads are less than 0.7 mm. Another distinguishing feature is that the conducting resistive threads have thin outer shells containing a matrix of a thermally stable, elastomeric, high temperature polymer and dispersed particles of carbon formed from acetylene and colloidal graphite. A third distinguishing feature is that an arrangement of conductive bus bars and conductive distributing bars in the heating cloth make it possible to divide the cloth into multiple heating zones. A method is disclosed for producing the heating cloth.

Abstract: A textile made at least in part with conductive yarns for the purpose of generating heat from an electrical power source. The textile has conducting yarns, or “heaters”, with conductivity and spacing tailored to the electrical source to be used and the heat to be generated. The heater yarns have a positive temperature coefficient whereby the resistance of the yarn increases with an increase in temperature and decreases with a decrease in temperature. “Leads”, such as conductive yarns, can be used to supply electricity to the heater yarns. A coating to the textile can electrically insulate the textile as well as provide protection to the textile during activities such as laundering or use.

Abstract: Electric resistance heating/warming composite fabric articles have a fabric layer having a first surface and an opposite, second surface, and an electric resistance heating/warming element in the form of a conductive yarn mounted upon first surface of the fabric layer, e.g. in embroidery stitching, and adapted to generate heating/warming when connected to a power source. A barrier layer may be positioned, for example, at least adjacent to the first or second surface of the fabric layer. Methods of forming electric resistance heating/warming composite fabric articles are also described.

Abstract: This invention is related to the carbon fiber-embedded heating paper and thereof sheet heater. The alignment of the carbon fibers is controlled to give different heating characteristics to lateral and transverse directions of the said heating paper, which improves a variety of adaptabilities by using the said heating paper. The present invention is to provide the heating paper where the pulp is fabricated in the carbon fiber to have heating characteristics to lateral and transverse directions and the sheet heater comprised of the polymer coating to have electrically insulating characteristics. A variety of characteristics can be obtained from the sheet heater in case of need.

Abstract: An electrical heating element for heating units of seats and steering wheels is provided. The heating element comprises at least one conductor having at least one core-coated wire that serves as a heat conductor and/or as a contact conductor and/or as a lead for temperature probes. The coating comprises steel and the core comprises copper or a copper alloy, or the coating comprises copper or a copper alloy and the core comprises steel.

Abstract: The purpose is to provide a heating unit of a carbon fiber-mixed sheet with a low price in which sheet carbon fibers are equally dispersed and a member on the surface of which sheet is not subjected to such change of properties as discoloration and the like. The constitution is characterized in that a sizing agent covers a part of the carbon fiber-mixed sheet which sheet is made by the mixed fiber-making of 5˜10 wt. % of a carbon fiber having a length of 5˜10 mm and 95˜90 wt. % of a pulp containing a bast fiber and in that the sheet has a thickness of 150 &mgr;m or less, a basis weight of 50 g/m2 or less and a degree of beating of 30˜70° SR.

Abstract: There is a known electrically conductive textile suitable for heating, having a plurality of electrically conductive heating strands (1 to 4) in contact with each other at a plurality of points of contact (9) by way of respective contact surfaces.

Abstract: Electric resistance heating/warming composite fabric articles have a fabric layer having a first surface and an opposite, second surface, and an electric resistance heating/warming element in the form of a conductive yarn mounted upon first surface of the fabric layer, e.g. in embroidery stitching, and adapted to generate heating/warming when connected to a power source. A barrier layer may be positioned, for example, at least adjacent to the first or second surface of the fabric layer. Methods of forming electric resistance heating/warming composite fabric articles are also described.

Abstract: A two-dimensional heating element, especially for seat heaters in the motor vehicle sector, having a textile base material and contact conductors and heating conductors which are electrically conductive and touch one another. The contact conductors delimit heating areas. The heating conductors are laid effectively in the direction of stitch wales and orthogonal to the stitch wales in such a way that there are at least two zones functioning at least as a main heating area and at least as a secondary heating area with different heating capacities.

Abstract: A fabric article that generates heat upon application of electrical power is formed, for example, by joining stitch and loop yarns to form a fabric prebody, with the loop yarn overlaying the stitch yarn at a technical face and forming loops at a technical back of the fabric prebody. An electrical resistance heating element, e.g., in the form of a conductive yarn, is incorporated into the fabric prebody at symmetrical and/or asymmetrical spaced-apart intervals as the stitch yarn, the electrical resistance heating elements extending between opposite edge regions of the fabric and conductor elements, e.g. located along edge regions, connect the electrical resistance heating elements to a source of electrical power. The technical face and/or the technical back of the fabric body may have fleece formed by finishing in a manner to avoid damage to electrical conductance of the electrical resistance heating elements.

Abstract: The invention relates to a laminated fabric heater element, heater and a process for manufacturing the heater element and heater. The heater comprises an electrically conductive fabric layer attached to bus bars, is sandwiched between two thermoplastic films forming a heater assembly. In the process making the heater element or heater, the layers of the heater assembly by consolidating the layers of films and fabric into a single sheet heater without the use of adhesive resins. The heater can be made of variable geometry, electrical supply voltage and power, and can withstand more mechanical, chemical, ultraviolet radiation and other environmental stresses than prior art heaters.

Abstract: The invention relates to a laminated fabric heater element, heater and a process for manufacturing the heater element and heater. The heater comprises an electrically conductive fabric layer attached to bus bars, is sandwiched between two thermoplastic films forming a heater assembly. In the process making the heater element or heater, the layers of the heater assembly by consolidating the layers of films and fabric into a single sheet heater without the use of adhesive resins. The heater can be made of variable geometry, electrical supply voltage and power, and can withstand more mechanical, chemical, ultraviolet radiation and other environmental stresses than prior art heaters.

Abstract: An electric heating/warming element consists of a water-resistant, vapor permeable bladder containing an electrical heating/warming circuit that generates heat when attached to a source of electrical power.

Abstract: Electric heating/warming composite fabric articles have at least a fabric layer having inner and outer surfaces, and an electric heating/warming element in the form of a flexible, preferably stretchable, electricity-conducting film disposed at the inner surface of the fabric layer and adapted to generate heating/warning when connected to a power source. A barrier layer may be positioned, for example, adjacent to the inner surface of the fabric layer; e.g., with the electric heating/warming element formed thereupon, including to protect the electric circuit, e.g. against abrasion. Methods of forming electric heating/warming composite fabric articles are also described.

Abstract: A woven fibrous article that generates heat upon application of electrical power has a woven fibrous body consisting of a set of non-conductive warp yarns and a set of non-conductive filling or weft yarns. One of the set of non-conductive warp yarns and the set of non-conductive filling or weft yarns, in one or more first regions, consists of relatively more coarse yarns and in one or more second regions consists of relatively more fine yarns with electrical conductor elements extending generally along the second regions of the woven fibrous body to connect the plurality of spaced apart electrical conductance heating elements in a parallel electrical circuit to a source of electrical power.

Abstract: An aircraft deicer panel (10) including an inner support layer (20) which is electrically insulating, an outer cover layer (26) which is thermally conducting, a heater layer (22) which is electrically insulating, and an electrical heating element (28) attached to the heater layer (22). The heating element (28) comprises an electrically conductive strand (30) stitched in the layer (22) in a heat-dissipating pattern such as, for example, a winding path of closely spaced and sharply curved turns formed by a continuous length of the electrically conductive strand (30). During manufacture of the aircraft panel (10), an industrial sewing machine can be programmed to stitch the desired pattern of the electrically conductive strand (30).

Abstract: A fibrous article that generates heat upon application of electrical power is formed, for example, by joining stitch and loop yarns to form a fibrous prebody, with the loop yarn overlaying the stitch yarn at a technical face and forming loops at a technical back of the fabric prebody. An electrical resistance heating element, e.g., in the form of conductive elements, is joined with the stitch and loop yarns in the prebody at symmetrical and/or asymmetrical spaced-apart intervals as the stitch yarn, the electrical resistance heating elements extending between opposite edge regions of the fibrous article and conductor elements, e.g. located along edge regions, connect the electrical resistance heating elements to a source of electrical power. The technical face and/or the technical back of the fabric body may have fleece formed by finishing non-conductive fibers of the stitch yarn and/or loop yarn in a manner to avoid damage to electrical conductance of the electrical resistance heating elements.