Abstract: The present invention provides a soldering iron with a graphite tip having two separate halves that are electrically isolated from one another. When both halves of the tip are applied to an electrically conductive material, such as the material to be soldered, an electrical circuit between the tip halves and an electrical power source is completed. Therefore, the tip can reach operating temperatures quickly. When the tip is removed from the joint, the electrical circuit is broken and the tip material may quickly cool to a temperature safe for human contact. The tip material permits higher power outputs than other battery operated portable soldering irons and permits over 300 joints for each full charge.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the provision of materials intended for use in an oxidative medium at high temperatures, including the manufacture of high-temperature electric heaters, parts, sensors and tools operating at temperatures of up to 1900° C. and higher. On the basis of suicides—solid solutions (Mo,W)5Si3 and (Mo,W)Si2 as well as Novotn{grave over (y)} phase (Mo,W) 5Si3C containing molybdenum and tungsten, a heat-resistant material is proposed, which makes it possible to produce parts fully made therefrom and a broad range of other heat-resistant materials for the provision of protective coatings and soldered joints: “REFSIC” composite materials, carbon, silicon carbide materials, refractory metals and their alloys.

Abstract: A method of fracturing or breaking rock includes the step of directing high intensity white light (radiation) at the rock to induce thermal stress sufficient to fracture the rock. The intensity of the energy source may be varied to control the manner in which the rock fractures. An approach for generating high intensity white light includes an elongate arc chamber and an elongate concave reflector. The arc chamber and reflector may be shielded from airborne particulate matter by an air shield or a rotating or reciprocating translucent shield.

Abstract: A graphite heater and method of forming a graphite heater comprising a graphite body configured in a spiral or serpentine geometrical shape defining at least one zone of an electrical heating circuit having opposed ends so as to provide an electrical path for each heating zone through the graphite body from the opposed ends with said graphite body having at least one heating surface, a coating of pyrolytic boron nitride or aluminum nitride encapsulating said graphite body and a surface layer of pyrolytic boron nitride or aluminum nitride disposed on said graphite body such that said heating surface is continuous and solid.

Abstract: A graphite heater and method of forming a graphite heater comprising a graphite body configured to form an electrical heating circuit for at least one heating zone through the graphite encapsulated in a continuous overcoat layer comprising at least one of a nitride, carbide, carbonitride or oxynitride of elements selected from a group consisting of B, Al, Si, Ga, refractory hard metals, transition metals, and rare earth metals, or complexes and/or combinations thereof, wherein prior to being configured to form the electrical heating circuit path, the graphite body is coated with a layer comprising at least one of a nitride, carbide, carbonitride or oxynitride of elements selected from a group consisting of B, Al, Si, Ga, refractory hard metals, transition metals, and rare earth metals, or complexes and/or combinations thereof.

Abstract: An electrical resistance ceramic heating element comprises: a) three or more ceramic legs comprising regions of the element in which at least the majority of the electrical heating occurs (hot zones), at least one of the legs being effectively entirely a hot zone and at least two of the legs each comprising a hot zone and a cold zone; b) a number of leg terminal portions less than the number of legs, for connection to a power supply; and, c) ceramic bridging portions providing electrical connectivity between the legs.

Abstract: A method of lengthening the useful life of heating elements that are formed essentially from molybdenum silicide and molybdenum tungsten silicide and different alloys of those basic materials, at times when the elements are operated at a relatively low temperature, such as a temperature in the range of 400-800° C. The gaseous atmosphere surrounding the elements as they operate has a water content that is less than about one percent by volume.

Abstract: In a refrigerator using a flammable coolant, in order to decrease danger of ignition when defrosting is conducted under an environment of leakage of the flammable coolant, the refrigerator comprises a cooling cycle evaporator and a defrosting devicve for defrosting the evaporator, wherein a temperature of the defrosting device is lower than an ignition temperature of the flammable coolant.

Abstract: While blowing out cooling air to a preform which is biaxially stretched and blow molded into a bottle shape, heat sources are made operative by a high power and the first heating process as quick heating is performed to the preform. Subsequently, the heated preform is left as it is and a temperature adjusting process to reduce a temperature difference between an outer surface temperature and an inner surface temperature of the preform to a predetermined value or less is executed. The second heating process to heat the preform until the outer surface temperature is equal to a temperature which is slightly lower than a crystallization temperature of the PET is executed to the preform obtained after completion of the temperature adjusting process while blowing out the cooling air to the preform. Thus, the quick heating of the preform is safely accomplished without causing an overheating state.

Abstract: The invention pertains to the electrothermal field and in particular to the resistive heating elements on the basis of the glass-fibre textile with the pyrocarbon coating and may be used for the production of the heating elements in heaters for both industrial and domestic applications. For obtaining the electrically conducting textile with the wide range of resistance and for broadening its sphere of application, as well as lowering the deposition temperature and retaining low scattering of the resistance along the whole field of the textile, the said textile contains 0.2-15% weight of pyrocarbon of turbostrate structure with hydrogen content up to 2% weight and with density of 0.8-1.5 g/cm3, and 86.0-99.8% weight of glass-fibre textile with the softening temperature at least 650° C. The raw hydrocarbon materials used for pyrocarbon production are hydrocarbon oils with the viscosity of 8 to 23 sSt, which are preliminarily heated to 350-450° C.

Abstract: A resistive heating element having high generation efficiency for far infrared rays and a comparatively high specific resistance while maintaining the strength required as a resistive heating element, is obtained by shaping a mixture of graphite powder, boron nitride and silicone rubber to a desired shape followed by firing by heating to 380° C. in an oxidizing atmosphere and then further firing by heating to 1100° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere.

Abstract: An infrared ray lamp having a structure wherein a groove is formed in the vicinity of each of both end portions of a substantially plate heating element formed of a carbon-based substance, a carbon-based adhesive is applied to a region including the groove, and the end portion of the heating element is inserted into a slit formed at the end portion of a heat-emitting block having high conductivity so as to be sandwiched; by forming a reflection film on the glass tube of the infrared ray lamp, an infrared ray lamp having a desired emission intensity distribution is provided; a heating apparatus using this infrared ray lamp and method of producing the infrared ray lamp are also provided.

Abstract: A silicon carbide electric heating element includes: a terminal part to which power is supplied; a heat generation part connected to the terminal part and generating heat; and a cooling part formed at the terminal part to cool the terminal part. Since the terminal part is not heated, the electric wire can be directly connected for use to the terminal part without an additional connection member.

Abstract: This invention claims a treatment, which may be used to improve the performance of silicon carbide heating elements. Further the stability of such elements is also increased by the treatment thus giving rise to significant energy saving and high productivity with such heating elements.

Abstract: Carbonization is achieved and impurity elements are removed by combination of a metal or metalloid compound with a composition exhibiting a carbon residual yield that is substantially not zero after firing, followed by firing at a pressure of no higher than 1×10−2 Pa and a temperature of from 1500° C. to 2200° C.

Abstract: A thermoconductive rubber patch includes a thermoconductive rubber piece which is encased by an insulating casing and is made of rubber, carbon black granules and metal granules. The thermoconductive rubber piece is provided with an electric circuit and is capable of generating heat at the time when an electric current flows over the electric circuit. The thermoconductive rubber piece has a resistance, with the magnitude of the resistance being dependent on a ratio by which the carbon black granules and the metal granules are contained in the thermoconductive rubber piece.

Abstract: A heater having a substrate composed of a heat-resistant and electrically insulating material, a heater element formed on the surface of the substrate in a belt-shape in the longitudinal direction containing an alloy of Ag and Pd having a weight ratio Ag/Pd of 90/10 to 70/30, glass, and an inorganic oxide and/or an inorganic nitride of 0.1 to 20 wt % to the weight of the alloy of Ag and Pd, and a power supply terminal part formed in connection with the heater element. The heater is suited to use for a fixing device of an image forming apparatus.

Abstract: A CHTS reactor plate has wells that can be individually heated. The reactor plate includes a substrate with an array of reaction wells and a ferromagnetic material included with the substrate. A CHTS method provides a reactor plate having a substrate with an array of reaction wells and a ferromagnetic material responsive to the application of an electric field included with the substrate. The electric field is energized to control temperature in the proximity of at least one of the reaction wells. Another method comprises providing a reactor plate comprising an array of reaction wells and depositing a ferromagnetic object within at least one of the wells. The object is responsive to the application of an electric field. An electric field is then energized to control temperature in the reaction well.

Abstract: In an organic PTC thermistor comprising a matrix of at least two high-molecular weight compounds, a low-molecular weight organic compound, and conductive particles having spiky protuberances, a thermoplastic elastomer is contained in the matrix whereby the thermistor is improved in reliability and performance stability.

Abstract: An electric heating device including PTC heating elements which have electrode sheets arranged on both sides thereof. These electrode sheets supply power to the PTC heating elements and each having connected thereto radiator elements for emitting the heat generated by the PTC heating elements. An electrically insulating layer is arranged between at least one of the electrode sheets and the respective radiator element.

Abstract: The purpose is to provide a heating unit of a carbon fiber-mixed sheet with a low price in which sheet carbon fibers are equally dispersed and a member on the surface of which sheet is not subjected to such change of properties as discoloration and the like. The constitution is characterized in that a sizing agent covers a part of the carbon fiber-mixed sheet which sheet is made by the mixed fiber-making of 5˜10 wt. % of a carbon fiber having a length of 5˜10 mm and 95˜90 wt. % of a pulp containing a bast fiber and in that the sheet has a thickness of 150 &mgr;m or less, a basis weight of 50 g/m2 or less and a degree of beating of 30˜70° SR.

Abstract: The invention relates to an infrared radiator with a heating element containing carbon fibers disposed in a quartz glass tube, with its ends connected to contact elements running through the wall of the quartz glass tube. The known radiators are improved by the fact that the heating element is spaced away from the wall of the quartz glass tube and it is centered on the axis of the quartz glass tube by means of spacers. The invention furthermore relates to a method by which the infrared radiator is operated at heating element temperatures greater than 1000° C.

Abstract: The invention relates to materials intended for use in an oxidative medium at high temperatures, including the manufacture of high-temperature electric heaters, parts, sensors and tools operating at temperatures of up to 1900° C. and higher. On the basis of tungsten and molybdenum suicides MeSi2—Me5Si3 and silicon carbides materials are prepared, noted for a high level of temperature resistance, resistance to thermal shocks, refractoriness and wear resistance. Alloying with silicides of rhenium, tantalum, titanium, zirconium, niobium, and hafnium makes it possible to enhance the mechanical properties of materials. Materials with controllable porosity make it possible, compared with high-density materials, at a smaller density of the materials, to increase the resistivity and to reduce the thermal conductivity thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the provision of materials intended for use in an oxidative medium at high temperatures, including the manufacture of high-temperature electric heaters, parts, sensors and tools operating at temperatures of up to 1900° C. and higher. On the basis of suicides—solid solutions (Mo,W)5Si3 and (Mo,W)Si2 as well as Novotn{grave over (y)} phase (Mo,W) 5Si3C containing molybdenum and tungsten, a heat-resistant material is proposed, which makes it possible to produce parts fully made therefrom and a broad range of other heat-resistant materials for the provision of protective coatings and soldered joints: “REFSIC” composite materials, carbon, silicon carbide materials, refractory metals and their alloys.

Abstract: Radiation source for emitting radiation in pulses with a duration and at intervals within chosen ranges, comprising at least one plate-shaped radiant element (1), and at least two electrical conductors coupled to the element(s). The source also includes at least one plate-shaped surrounding, thermally conductive element (2) being thermally coupled to a radiation element at its inner edge, and being thermally coupled to a cooling device (3) at its outer surface.

Abstract: This invention relates to an aging resistant SiC igniter having a second layer of recrystallized SiC within the body.

Abstract: A ceramic pin heating element having exterior heating conductors and integrated electrical connection surfaces, and method for making same. A first body is injection molded from a first injection-moldable ceramic composite compound having a first electrical resistance, and a second body is injection-molded from a second injection-moldable ceramic composite compound having a second electrical resistance about the first body so as to form a compound body. The compound body is then sintered. The resulting ceramic pin heating element is directly formed without additional steps for protecting (insulating) the element so as to prevent the exterior, complementary heating conductors from contacting the housing and/or terminal bolts. The danger of breakage of the pins at the mounting location and/or at the seal seat through variations in the thickness of contact and/or insulation coatings is minimized.

Abstract: An electrical resistance element of a silicide phase according to the formula Mo(Si1−xAlx)2, which phase forms alumina on the surface of the element. The element is intended to be used in connection with sintering of metal powder. Because of its surprisingly good ability to form an alumina layer on the surface, this material has shown to be very resistant against corrosion at high temperatures over 1500° C. in both reducing and oxidizing atmosphere.

Abstract: The invention aims to provide an organic PTC thermistor having a lower operating temperature than prior art organic PTC thermistors and exhibiting improved characteristics. The object is attained by an organic PTC thermistor comprising a polymer synthesized in the presence of a metallocene catalyst and conductive particles having spiky protuberances.

Abstract: A heating element, including a sensor conductor, two resistive conductors, with one resistive conductor arranged on one side of the sensor conductor and an other resistive conductor arranged on an other side of the sensor conductor such that the sensor conductor and the two resistive conductors are substantially parallel and plastic electrical insulation surrounding the sensor conductor and each resistive conductor.

Abstract: There is provided an optical fiber drawing furnace capable of drawing an optical fiber having small non circularity, which drawing furnace includes a muffle tube, in which an optical fiber preform is supplied, a heater surrounding the muffle tube, a plurality of electrode connecting portion extending from the heater, a plurality of electrodes connected to electrode connecting portions, and in conjunction therewith to an electric power source, and unifying means for unifying the temperature distribution along the circumferential direction.

Abstract: A method of producing semi-conductive, electrical resistive heating elements comprising metal oxides, preferably binary metal oxides whereby the two metals are of different valencies and the conductivity of the binary oxide system is determined by the compositioned ratio of the two metals having different valencies and the degree of oxidation, and electrically resistive heating elements so produced.

Abstract: A rod-shaped heater provided is composed of a carbon wire heating element 2 sealed in a small or large diameter quartz glass tube, a small diameter quartz glass tube portions 3a and 3b charged with compressed wire carbon members at opposite ends thereof; a sealed terminal section 10 having connection lines 11a and 11b for power supply held between the compressed wire carbon members charged in the small diameter quartz glass tube. The connection lines and the carbon wire heating element are electrically connected by way of the wire carbon members. This rod-shaped heater using the carbon wire heating element is suitable for readily raising the temperature of the agent in the storage tank of the wet etching agent or the grinding agent.

Abstract: A thermoconductive rubber patch comprises a thermoconductive rubber piece which is encased by an insulating casing and is made of rubber, carbon black granules and metal granules. The thermoconductive rubber piece is provided with an electric circuit and is capable of generating heat at the time when an electric current flows over the electric circuit. The thermoconductive rubber piece has a resistance, with the magnitude of the resistance being dependent on a ratio by which the carbon black granules and the metal granules are contained in the thermoconductive rubber piece.

Abstract: A carbon heating element of excellent durability and thermal shock resistance, usable even in a special environment, for example, even in a strong oxidizing chemical, and having a sufficient capability of generating heat with smaller power consumption. The carbon heating element is formed by covering a carbon material, such as carbon fiber or a carbon fiber cloth with quarts glass, making the interior of the quartz glass vacuous or setting the pressure of the interior of the quartz to not higher than 0.2 atm. with substituted inert gas, and melt-scal the quartz glass.

Abstract: A multi-layer ceramic heater for igniting fuel in a diesel engine having an electrode, an insulative layer disposed over the electrode, a resistive layer disposed over the insulative layer at the tip of the heater, and a conductive layer covering the insulative layer and extending from the resistive layer over the insulative layer to the base of heater. A substantial proportion of the volume of resistive layer is located in close proximity to the tip of heater. The resistive layer has a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) of electrical resistance and preferably a portion of the electrode is variably resistive for self regulation purposes. Due to the geometry of the resistive layer and the variable resistive characteristics of the resistive layer and the electrode, the heater is well suited to applications that require quick start heating as well as good afterglow properties or prolonged heating at high temperatures.

Abstract: A heater having a substrate composed of a heat-resistant and electrically insulating material, a heater element formed on the surface of the substrate in a belt-shape in the longitudinal direction containing an alloy of Ag and Pd having a weight ratio Ag/Pd of 90/10 to 70/30, glass, and an inorganic oxide and/or an inorganic nitride of 0.1 to 20 wt % to the weight of the alloy of Ag and Pd, and a power supply terminal part formed in connection with the heater element. The heater is suited to use for a fixing device of an image forming apparatus.

Abstract: A rod-shaped heater provided is composed of a carbon wire heating element 2 sealed in a small or large diameter quartz glass tube, a small diameter quartz glass tube portions 3a and 3b charged with compressed wire carbon members at opposite ends thereof; a sealed terminal section 10 having connection lines 11a and 11b for power supply held between the compressed wire carbon members charged in the small diameter quartz glass tube. The connection lines and the carbon wire heating element are electrically connected by way of the wire carbon members. This rod-shaped heater using the carbon wire heating element is suitable for readily raising the temperature of the agent in the storage tank of the wet etching agent or the grinding agent.

Abstract: A silicon nitride-tungsten carbide composite sintered material which contains silicon nitride and tungsten carbide, and characterized in that in an arbitrary cross-section of the sintered material, the ratio of the area of a tungsten carbide portion to that of the entirety of the cross-section is 20-35%, and a tungsten carbide aggregation portion having a longitudinal length of at least 5 &mgr;m is present in the arbitrary cross-section. The production process includes firing raw material powder containing tungsten carbide powder and two silicon nitride powders having different particle sizes.

Abstract: A protective element contains a heat-generating member and a low melting metal member on a substrate. The low melting metal member is caused to blow out by the heat generated by the heat-generating member. The number of locations on the low melting metal member which are able to blow out is larger than the number of locations which are supposed to blow out so that the protective element is endowed with a “fail-safe” function.

Abstract: In a ceramic heater comprising a heating body formed on a surface of a ceramic substrate, the heating body is made of a non-sintering type metal foil or an electrically conductive ceramic thin film, and the metal foil or electrically conductive ceramic thin film is adhered to the surface of the substrate through a heat-resistant resin layer or the like. The ceramic heater is less in the scattering of resistance resulted from the quality of the heating body and is possible to accurately and rapidly conduct temperature control.

Abstract: The invention comprehends a silicon nitride sintered body having consistent qualities, a process for producing the same, a ceramic heater employing the silicon nitride sintered body as a substrate and a glow plug containing the ceramic heater as a heat source. In the production of a silicon nitride sintered body through a hot press method, a sintering aid protecting agent is added to the raw material. The employable protecting agents are metallic elements such as Ta, W and Mo and compounds of the metallic elements such as nitrides and silicides. Conversion of these elements and compounds to carbides occurs preferentially to reduction of the sintering aid. Thus, it becomes possible to suppress reduction of the sintering aid in a reducing atmosphere formed, for example, of carbon monoxide, which is generated particularly when a graphite pressing die is employed.

Abstract: The invention provides a glow plug with an electric resistor made of a material comprising 20 to 60% by weight nickel and less than 5% by weight iron and the balance of cobalt and unavoidable impurities. The glow plug pf the invention attains an excellent quick heating ability, a self-temperature control function, high oxidation resistance, long durability and good workability.

Abstract: An electrical resistive heating system having a Nitinol heater element in the form of wire, rod strip or tube, is flexible, ductile, tough aid chemically non-reactive. The element has connectors at each end for leads from a controller that controls the flow of current through the heater element from a source of electrical power. The Nitinol heater element is treated to have an electrically insulating surface that is also hard and chemically non-reactive, so the heater element can be put in intimate contact with the materials or substrate to be heated without shorting or electrical shock to people or equipment. The controller uses temperature data feedback from a separate temperature sensor such as a thermocouple, or uses the resistance of heater element itself as a temperature sensor, since the resistance of the Nitinol changes with temperature in a predictable way.

Abstract: The purpose is to provide a heating unit of a carbon fiber-mixed sheet with a low price in which sheet carbon fibers are equally dispersed and a member on the surface of which sheet is not subjected to such change of properties as discoloration and the like. The constitution is characterized in that a sizing agent covers a part of the carbon fiber-mixed sheet which sheet is made by the mixed fiber-making of 5˜10 wt. % of a carbon fiber having a length of 5˜10 mm and 95˜90 wt. % of a pulp containing a bast fiber and in that the sheet has a thickness of 150 &mgr;m or less, a basis weight of 50 g/m2 or less and a degree of beating of 30˜70° SR.

Abstract: A rod-shaped heater provided is composed of a carbon wire heating element 2 sealed in a small or large diameter quartz glass tube, a small diameter quartz glass tube portions 3a and 3b charged with compressed wire carbon members at opposite ends thereof; a sealed terminal section 10 having connection lines 11a and 11b for power supply held between the compressed wire carbon members charged in the small diameter quartz glass tube. The connection lines and the carbon wire heating element are electrically connected by way of the wire carbon members. This rod-shaped heater using the carbon wire heating element is suitable for readily raising the temperature of the agent in the storage tank of the wet etching agent or the grinding agent.

Abstract: A heater cable is wired in combination with a lead cable, the two cables form a pattern wherein the heater cable and the lead cable are spaced by a predetermined distance L, in the range of 0 to 10 mm, from each other and are supplied with opposite flow of current. The heater cable has a core thread, a heating element wire wound in a spiral on the outer surface of the core thread, a fusing layer provided over the heating element wire, a signal wire wound in a spiral on the outer surface of the fusing layer and a protective coating provided over the signal wire. The lead cable has a conductive wire covered at its outer surface with an insulating coating.

Abstract: An oven device for final finishing of a food item includes an oven housing defining a heating cavity configured to receive at least one food item to be heated, and an upper heating unit within the oven housing above the heating cavity. The upper heating unit includes a heating element that generates radiant heat directed onto the food item in the heating cavity. The oven housing includes at least one reflective panel for distributing radiant heat within the heating cavity. The upper heating element includes a rapidly-heating, high-intensity heating element capable of being cycled on for final finishing of the food item when the food item is received in the heating cavity, and capable of being cycled off when final finishing is not being performed. The final finishing typically includes browning a top surface of the food item, or melting a topping onto the top surface of the food item.

Abstract: A ceramic material is provided containing 45 to 55% by weight TiB2 and 40.5 to 54.7% by weight BN and 0.1-1.5% by weight Ca in the form of a compound selected from the group consisting of the calcium oxides and calcium borates and mixtures thereof, which material contains from 0.2 to 3% by weight of a compound selected from the group consisting of the oxides, carbides and nitrides of the elements Al, Si, Zr, Ti and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to an emitter of infrared radiation in band III as well as to a composite allowing the emission of such infrared radiation. The emitter includes an emission source having a composite on which a thin oxide layer is deposited. The oxide has an emissivity which is less than 0.2 for wavelengths of emitted radiation of less than 6 &mgr;m and greater than 0.8 for wavelengths of between 8 and 10 &mgr;m. The invention also includes a heating device which can heat the composite so that it emits infrared radiation in band III.