Abstract: An electric resistance welded steel pipe manufactured by performing electric resistance welding on the steel pipe. The steel pipe having a chemical composition including by mass %, C: 0.20% to 0.40%, Si: 0.1% to 1.0%, Mn: 0.1% to 2.0%, Al: 0.01% to 0.10%, Cr: 0.01% to 0.5%, Ti: 0.01% to 0.05%, B: 0.0005% to 0.005%, Ca: 0.0001% to 0.0050%, N: 0.0050% or less, and Fe and inevitable impurities. Additionally, the steel pipe having a microstructure in which each of amounts of TiS particles, having a particle size of 10 ?m or more, and MnS particles, having a particle size of 10 ?m or more, are decreased to 0.1% or less in terms of cleanliness. The steel pipe having excellent fatigue resistance, exhibiting a high strength, and having an average grain size of prior austenite grains of 50 ?m or less when subjected to cold forming followed by quenching and tempering treatments.

Abstract: An apparatus and process are provided for multi-frequency induction heat treatment of workpieces including gears. High frequency power is applied to an induction coil that surrounds the workpiece so that a high frequency magnetic field couples with the workpiece to inductively heat the workpiece. A C-core inductor is coupled to a coil that has low frequency power applied to it. The workpiece is inserted in a gap in the C-core inductor magnetic circuit so that it experiences low frequency Joule effect heating when the low frequency current is applied to the coil coupled with the C-core inductor. Alternatively the workpiece may be inserted around the C-core inductor when the workpiece has an opening.

Abstract: A system and method of restoring material properties is disclosed. A subject material may have one or more of its material properties restored by contacting a packed bed of a reactive material contained within a container with the subject material in which material properties are desired to be restored. The packed bed and the subject material may be heated to restore the material properties. The packed bed may be formed from boron, silicon or other appropriate materials. An inert atmosphere system may have an argon injection system or a helium injection system in communication with the container. A deoxidizing system may be in communication with the container for creating a vacuum within the container or injecting hydrogen into the container.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an electric resistance welded steel tube including: forming a steel tube material into an almost cylindrical open pipe, the steel tube material being a steel sheet wherein Ti and N satisfy (N/14)<(Ti/47.9); forming an electric resistance welded steel tube by bonding ends of the open pipe to each other by induction resistance welding with heat input controlled so that the bond width is 30 to 65 ?m; heating the electric resistance welded steel tube to a temperature equal to or higher than the Ac3 transformation temperature; and diameter-reducing rolling the heated electric resistance welded steel tube with rolling reduction expressed by an outer diameter ratio greater than (1-25/the bond width before diameter-reducing rolling (?m))×100% such that the bond width is 25 ?m or less.

Abstract: An apparatus (10) and method for preheating welds uses a centered induction plate (12) having preferably a plurality of induction coils (30, 32) to impart the generation of heat in the materials to be welded (14), being interactively controlled by at least a temperature sensor (90, 92) and power supply control loop (16) so that even preheating can be obtained for a selected length of time given the parameters of the weld desired.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for manufacturing a vehicle frame component allow a preliminary heat treatment process to be performed in a relatively quick and easy manner so as to facilitate the subsequent performance of a bending or other deforming process. Initially, a workpiece that is to be manufactured into the vehicle frame component is provided. The workpiece is preferably a closed channel structural member formed from an aluminum alloy and having a circular or box-shaped cross sectional shape. The workpiece is subjected to a scanning heat treatment process, wherein the workpiece is heat treated in a continuous and longitudinal manner from one end to the other. Preferably, the workpiece is supported vertically during the scanning heat treatment process to prevent the shape thereof from becoming distorted.

Abstract: A method of applying or repairing a coating on a substrate by inductive heating. A susceptor element is applied on the coating and the element and the substrate are inductively energized to cause the substrate and the coating to be heated. The susceptor element is removed from the heated coating before applying the coating or applying a patch to the coating.

Abstract: A through-hole self-piercing rivet 30 is assembled with two metal plates 50 and 52 to retain the plates together as a workpiece 54. When the rivet 30 is to be removed, a pin, such as a contact pin 56, is attached to the rivet by fusion, or a pin, such as a threaded mandrel 78, is attached threadedly to the rivet. The contact pin 56 or the threaded mandrel 78 is withdrawn from the workpiece 54 to thereby withdraw the attached rivet 30 from the workpiece. Devices 62 and 84 provide facility for effecting the attachment of the contact pin 56 and the threaded mandrel 78, respectively, with the rivet 30, and for the extraction of the rivet from the workpiece 54.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are provided for initially performing a heat treatment process on a closed channel structural member to facilitate the subsequent performance of a magnetic pulse welding process so as to manufacture a vehicle frame component or a portion of a vehicle frame assembly. Initially, a workpiece is provided that is preferably formed from a closed channel structural member having a circular or box-shaped cross sectional shape. The workpiece is subjected to a scanning heat treatment process, wherein the workpiece is heat treated in a continuous and longitudinal manner from one end to the other. Preferably, the workpiece is supported vertically during the scanning heat treatment process to prevent the shape thereof from becoming distorted. The scanning heat treatment process is preferably a retrogression heat treatment process, wherein the workpiece is rapidly heated to a sufficient temperature that provides for full or partial softening thereof, followed by relatively rapid cooling.

Abstract: An apparatus has a single workstation for joining high strength metal components by electromagnetic forming techniques. One of the metal components carries high loads or is subjected to combined stresses and strains, thus requiring that it be relatively strong and ductile. EMF or MPW processes are used to join the components, whose strength is temporarily diminished prior to the joining step. The high strength material is subjected to a retrogressive heating and quenching process along a joined boundary thereof and is then electromagnetically joined. Thereafter, the strength of the diminished material is restored to its higher temper and strength. In a first embodiment, the apparatus uses a single coil for both the heating and electromagnetic bonding of the metal. In a second embodiment, two adjacent coils are used and the material is moved along a work path between the coils.

Abstract: A tube for a cracker unit in which ethylene is produced withstands, without oxidizing or losing its strength, the elevated temperatures required to effect cracking, yet retards coking. The tube has a shell formed from stainless steel or high nickel alloy and a liner formed from an iron-aluminum alloy. The liner retards the deposit of carbon and its build up known as coking. To form the tube, a high alloy ingot is bored to provide a bore that extends through its center. Then a weld overlay is applied to surface of the bore, with the overlay being derived from a weld metal containing at least 16% aluminum and the balance essentially iron. Thereafter, the ingot is heated to its hot working temperature and extruded through sets of opposed rollers, with the direction of advance being in the direction of the bore. The extruding transforms the ingot into a lined tube.